Crisis

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre el sentido de la crisis de las ciencias en Husserl desde el punto de vista del positivismo para sostener la tesis que afirma que esta crisis es antropologica y al mismo tiempo es una crisis cultural que descansa en el olvido del mundo de la vida. Lo anterior permite pensar y fundamentar el sentido antropologico de la fenomenologia y sus relaciones con la etica, lo que constituye dos de los ejes de mayor relevancia dentro de las investigaciones fenomenologicas actuales. A partir de un analisis critico e interpretativo de las obras, se pretende mostrar que el fin ultimo de la fenomenologia consiste en la recuperacion o reconstruccion del sujeto racional. Al ser asi, la fenomenologia cobra un importante sentido etico y antropologico que abre lineas fundamentales de investigacion fenomenologica. Atribucion – Sin Derivar – No comercial: El material creado por usted puede ser distribuido, copiado y exhibido por terceros si se muestr...

Previous research has shown that mass-media reports of a suicide death predict an increase in suicide deaths, dubbed the Werther effect . Content intended to protect from suicide contagion in mass-media reports of suicide may reduce the Werther effect, described as the Papageno effect . Werther and Papageno effects have not been investigated for their influence on suicide-attempt rates in the United States. An increase in suicide deaths in the United States followed mass-media reports of Robin Williams's death by suicide , lending support for the Werther effect. A significant increase in calls to a national suicide prevention crisis line also followed the reports , supporting a Papageno effect. Suicide attempt rates were not evaluated following the reporting. Interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis evaluated suicide-attempt and death rates in Seattle from daily police-reported suicide incidents from January 11, 2012 to December 10, 2014. The suicide-attempt rate observed in the month following Williams's death was 48% lower than predicted, while the observed suicide-death rate was 118% higher than predicted. This seems to support both Werther and Papageno effects, which are hypothesized to act in opposition , and may suggest a reconceptualization of the Papageno effect. seek mentors who will impose "tough, realistic, but attainable standards, and who will fully support you in achieving them." Dr. El-Alayli has been that ideal mentor he described. Her keen analysis and critique, exceptional skill in psychology research, and generous commitment of time and energy has unquestionably strengthened this thesis. Dean Jonathan Anderson was a source of perpetual support and encouragement, and he willingly shouldered the task of providing guidance as a committee member despite the many demands on his time. Further, I am grateful for his tutelage in support of my working with German-language sources. Stacey Chay significantly furthered my understanding of the social mechanisms that lead to suicide. Her timely sharing of cutting-edge research in suicide contagion furthered this study's generalizability, and undoubtedly contributed to its on-time completion. I am very grateful for Dr. Ryan Sain's guidance and support in grappling with interrupted time-series models, and his generous provision of resources to help me navigate this project's complex statistical design. Dr. Kayleen Islam-Zwart and Blaine Bart provided critical input for the construction of my key arguments and conclusions. I am very appreciative of their generosity of time and willingness to help me work through the substance of my findings. Jhenifa Parker, my closest academic colleague, provided thorough readings of this thesis's many drafts, and offered valuable and vital feedback in the editing of this document. Finally, my sincere thanks to Andrew Rowley for providing encouragement and incentive for the timely completion of this thesis.

View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 1 Dimitrios V. Siskos has been working in both academia and industry sector since 2005. Currently, he is the Deputy Accounting Manager of a big Wine Company with well-established products located in Thessaloniki, Greece. At the same time, he is as an

En primer término, el autor expone el proceso mediante el cual los conceptos "imagen" y "representación" han perdido su sentido originario en la historia de Occidente; a partir de allí se ha creado una situación de crisis, denominada por el autor "crisis de la representación". Ésta se caracteriza por los siguientes aspectos: 1) el cambio del estatuto óptico de la imagen; 2) la pérdida de todo paradigma visual, con lo cual la imagen ha dejado de servir como intermediaria de sentido; 3) consecuencia de la anterior afirmación, las funciones metafórica y simbólica de la imagen han quedado inoperantes; 4) finalmente, se ha dado lugar a una saturación de imágenes. A partir de este diagnóstico, el autor sostiene que vivimos actualmente en una "culturafractal" u "orden de representación despótica", cuyos fenómenos afines son la estetización de los mundos de vida, la caída de la razón y de la historia. En segundo término,...

Resumen: En el presente artículo se desarrolla el análisis en perspectiva comparada de la movilidad educativa intergeneracional absoluta y relativa de las sociedades española y mexicana. Se analiza la reproducción, ascenso y descenso educativo a partir de matrices de transición de la movilidad educativa con y sin la introducción del factor temporal de las cohortes de nacimiento. Se estudian los niveles de adscripción educativa por herencia de posiciones y los grados de permeabilidad educacional en España y México, al tiempo que se desarrolla un análisis de la movilidad educativa estructural y de reemplazo, y de la movilidad educativa relativa a partir de la evaluación comparada de modelos log-lineales aplicados al estudio de la movilidad en un contexto de expansión educativa y posterior crisis económica y reducción del gasto público en educación. Palabras clave: movilidad educativa,

Mental illness is an established risk factor for suicide. To develop effective prevention interventions and strategies, the demographic characteristics and stressors (other than-or in addition to-mental illness) that can influence a person's decision to die by suicide need to be identified. To examine cases of suicide by the presence or absence of a diagnosed mental illness (mental illness status) to identify differences in factors associated with suicide in the groups. Logistic regression analyses were utilised to investigate mental illness status and exposure to stressors among 2839 persons who died by suicide in Victoria, Australia (2009-2013) using the Victorian Suicide Register. Females, metropolitan residents, persons treated for physical illness/injury, those exposed to stressors related to isolation, family, work, education and substance use and those who had made a previous suicide attempt had increased odds of having a diagnosed mental illness. Employed persons had decreased odds of having a diagnosed mental illness. The retrospectivity of data collection; the validity and reliability of some of the data may be questionable due to the potential for recall bias. The point of intervention for suicide prevention cannot always be a mental health professional; some people who die by suicide either do not have a mental illness or they have not sought help.

El artículo se focaliza en el Instituto de Cinematografía (IC) de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Argentina, en torno a 1973–1974, no tanto en lo referido a la organización institucional e interna sino a cuatro cuestiones que lo singularizan: la asunción de nuevas autoridades alineadas con el programa de Reconstrucción Nacional del Peronismo en el gobierno; la recuperación del proyecto inicial del Instituto, el del período en que Fernando Birri lo dirigió (1956–1962); los vínculos con imaginarios y experiencias nacionales e internacionales, de América Latina y del llamado Tercer Mundo; el uso social del cine con fines educativos y políticos. El texto parte de la bibliografía existente sobre los conflictos y polémicas al interior del IC: con el director interventor durante 1969–1970, así como entre grupos de afinidad en torno al documental social, por un lado, y a la indagación de lenguajes y estéticas contemporáneas, por otro. Desde allí se propone una lectura del proyect...

Research on the special relationship between the United States and Israel has usually been focused on strategic aspects, whilst fewer scholars have focused on non-material dimensions of the relationship. In addition, the existing research is mostly confined to the political and decision-making realms, with very few excursions into the academic arena. The current article aims to fill this lacuna through the study of pro-Israel academic discourse in America, focusing on the specific case of the field of terrorism studies. Critical discourse analysis of pro-Israel academic texts in this field is carried out to reveal the discourse, themes and arguments used to build this ideational pillar of the special relationship and move towards a common identity between the US and Israel. The common ingroup identity model (CIIM) is used to describe the process through which a common identity is constructed. The article concludes that defining the Self, defining the Other, and defining the norms ar...

In various domains of social and political life, ‘crisis’ has become a ubiquitous taken-for-granted narrative. This ubiquity risks diminishing the political significance and meaning of the term and flattening the existing unequal geographies of crisis globally. This paper presents the theoretical framework of the Special Feature ‘Critical geographies of everyday crisis’ that aims to complicate existing understandings and redefine crisis as a condition of contemporary urban everyday life. By integrating critical scholarship on crisis and the everyday, these seemingly contradictory concepts are grounded in the contemporary experiences of pervasive crises globally. The collection of papers offers empirical insights from various socio-spatial contexts and domains of everyday life and puts in perspective interdependencies between crisis experiences. Everyday crisis challenges eventful ascriptions to crisis in order to better parse the distinct spatial and temporal characteristics and unequal power relations within contemporary crises. In doing so, everyday crisis also facilitates the reading of quieter registers of subjectivity, agency, and politics across different urban contexts and domains of everyday life.

Background: The population ageing in most Western countries leads to a larger number of frail older people. These frail people are at an increased risk of negative health outcomes, such as functional decline, falls, institutionalisation and mortality. Many approaches are available for identifying frailty among older people. Researchers most often use Fried and colleagues' description of the frailty phenotype. The authors describe five physical criteria. Other researchers prefer a combination of measurements in the social, psychological and/or physical domains. The aim of this study is to describe the levels of social, psychological and physical functioning according to Fried's frailty stages using a large cohort of Dutch community-dwelling older people. Methods: There were 8,684 community-dwelling older people (65+) who participated in this cross-sectional study. Based on the five Fried frailty criteria (weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slowness, weakness), the participants were divided into three stages: non-frail (score 0), pre-frail (score 1-2) and frail (score 3-5). These stages were related to scores in the social (social network type, informal care use, loneliness), psychological (psychological distress, mastery, self-management) and physical (chronic diseases, GARS IADL-disability, OECD disability) domains. Results: 63.2 % of the participants was non-frail, 28.1 % pre-frail and 8.7 % frail. When comparing the three stages of frailty, frail people appeared to be older, were more likely to be female, were more often unmarried or living alone, and had a lower level of education compared to their pre-frail and non-frail counterparts. The difference between the scores in the social, psychological and physical domains were statistically significant between the three frailty stages. The most preferable scores came from the non-frail group, and least preferable scores were from the frail group. For example use of informal care: non-frail 3.9 %, pre-frail 23.8 %, frail 60.6 %, and GARS IADL-disability mean scores: non-frail 9.2, pre-frail 13.0, frail 19.7. Conclusion: When older people were categorised according to the three frailty stages, as described by Fried and colleagues, there were statistically significant differences in the level of social, psychological and physical functioning between the non-frail, pre-frail and frail persons. Non-frail participants had consistently more preferable scores compared to the frail participants. This indicated that the Fried frailty criteria could help healthcare professionals identify and treat frail older people in an efficient way, and provide indications for problems in other domains.

La evolución de éste y de otros espacios destinados a la conservación y estudio de especies vegetales ha quedado patente a lo largo de la historia. Actualmente son auténticos laboratorios naturales que dedican buena parte de sus esfuerzos a proteger a las variedades más amenazadas.

Los destinos turísticos patrimoniales son lugares de belleza única que representan un legado para futuras generaciones y cuya importancia está ligada no solo a los beneficios económicos que pudiera generar a través de la actividad turística, sino que también está conectada con el sentido de identidad de las comunidades. Diferentes investigadores, y practicantes del sector turístico y de preservación han reconocido la importancia de asegurar la sostenibilidad de los recursos culturales para futuras generaciones. Sin embargo, alcanzar dicho objetivo no siempre es sencillo. A través

O presente livro é o resultado das discussões ocorridas no XIII Fórum de Análise de Conjuntura Economia e Sociedade: o Brasil e a América Latina na conjuntura de crise do capitalismo global. O Fórum tem sido uma das atividades mais tradicionais da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências da Unesp, evento anual voltado para a discussão de temas candentes da conjuntura política, social e econômica nacional e internacional. A crise do capitalismo global está longe de ser solucionada e não se reduz a crise econômica, como sugere a existência de um sentimento geral de descontentamento, expresso nos inúmeros movimentos sociais em diversas regiões do mundo

This article intervenes in the fields of cultural studies and Spanish film studies drawing significantly from the cultural analysis recently undertaken by Luis Moreno-Caballud and Germán Labrador about the relation between two Spanish historical moments: the Transition period and the economic crisis. To this end, the article analyzes the film, El futuro (Luis López Carrasco, 2013), which bridges the two historical periods through a portrayal of youth culture. From the point of view of cultural studies, this article places El Futuro in conversation with the critical discourse about the Culture of the Transition (CT) heralded by the 15M movement. It centers on the concept of youth without a future, an idea that travels retrospectively through López Carrasco’s narrative to the generation of la movida, whose emancipatory political horizon was frustrated by its political-economic context. Applying film studies tools, this article critiques the dominant theorization of Other Spanish Cinem...

Mucho han cambiado las cosas desde que en 1924 se hizo la primera emisión radiofónica en España en un local madrileño de la mano de los hermanos de la Riva, tres jóvenes ingenieros. Era Radio Ibérica. A la entonces histórica prensa escrita venía a unirse la radio y luego se añadieron la televisión, internet, las plataformas digitales y qué les voy a contar. Pero aquí sigue la radio. Frente a otros medios de comunicación y entretenimiento, la radio tiene una significativa diferencia: no requiere atención en exclusividad. Leer un periódico, ver la televisión, una serie, o un videojuego exigen toda nuestra atención. Sin embargo, la radio se apoya en la voz de quien habla como si solo nos hablase a nosotros, de manera que podemos hacer infinidad de cosas mientras estamos con el runrún de esas voces. Y es esta preeminencia de la voz la clave de su pervivencia. Según el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), en 2024 había en España algo más de cinco millones de personas que vivían solas y en torno a la mitad mayores de 65 años, o sea, jubiladas. Estos datos importan, no para explicar las audiencias de la radio, pero sí para realzar su importancia. Porque muchas personas la única voz que oyen en su día a día o cuando están en casa es la que procede de la radio y para muchas es la única visión del mundo exterior, con todos los matices derivados de las interpretaciones que del mismo dan las diferentes cadenas, que, como el resto de medios, cada vez disimulan menos su adscripción ideológica. Pero eso me da igual. El caso es que alguien habla a su alrededor. Esto sería suficiente para rendir pleitesía a la radio, porque cuando se termina la jornada laboral o ya se ha finiquitado para siempre no todo el mundo que vive solo tiene una red social e incluso para aquellas personas jubiladas que viven solas, aun contando con una red social saneada, la radio se convierte en una constante invitación para mantener la actividad intelectual. Que no es baladí, porque cuando la cabeza se adormece, la soledad mata al cuerpo. Aquí es donde la radio tiene una función excelsa. Manteniendo la permisividad de poder hacer otros menesteres simultáneamente, la radio va colocándonos noticias, anuncios, divertimentos variados y un largo etcétera que, con independencia del sesgo ideológico con el que los presenten, lo importante es que los presentan, los plantan en nuestros oídos y, por tanto, en nuestro cerebro. Desde la política a un pueblo perdido con encanto. A partir de ahí se desatan al menos dos actitudes. La más general, enterarse de cómo está y qué hay en el mundo y hasta entablar un diálogo en la distancia, o soltar una carcajada. La otra, en la que me incluyo, el incentivo para crear una opinión personal partiendo del hecho comunicado en sí; en definitiva, seguirse sintiéndose vivo, más allá de respirar, y parte de la comunidad justo porque se tiene algo que decir. Por unas u otras razones, es una gran noticia que la radio siga viva. n

This article considers the possible relationship (of foundations or otherwise) between, on the one hand, morality and philosophical reflection on it (moral philosophy) and, on the other hand, religion. It is argued here that such a relationship exists, but it is not one of foundation, if this is understood as a direct dependence of morality and moral philosophy on religious experience. It is a corollary relationship and not a foundation relationship. Or, to put it another way, the analysis of the primary data of morality is considered to «open» the latter to the religious dimension: the moral demands, which human beings perceive regardless of whether or not they are believers, acquire their ultimate and full meaning if there is an absolute Good, which is identified with God. This implies a critique of the claim to «found» ethics in other sciences, and in particular, a critique of moral naturalism. In the text we use, as a clear example of this position, the ideas of the father of Russian philosophy, Vladimir Solovyov.

Desde mediados del año 2009 se generó una crisis económica mundial que atribuye su inicio a las burbujas financieras del sistema hipotecario estadounidense y continuó con el ya conocido "efecto dominó": donde la mayoría de los países han experimentado descensos en sus niveles de crecimiento económico y en el poder adquisitivo de su moneda frente al dólar; situación que desembocó en desempleo, inflación y agudización de los problemas sociales y políticos. El paradigma político-económico llamado neoliberalismo, caracterizado por sus constantes y recurrentes crisis se ha manifestado de formas diversas en el espacio social. El presente trabajo busca elaborar una propuesta metodológica sobre la manera de abordar dicha problemática desde las ciencias económica y geográfica. Se pretende analizar y eslabonar, concretamente, los conceptos de Crisis y Espacio en el marco del Neoliberalismo, sobre la base de los puntos convergentes entre las escuelas de la Crítica de la Economía Política (Marx) y la Geografía Crítica (Lefebvre y Santos), dos escuelas preocupadas por entender críticamente la realidad social.

En este artículo, el autor realiza un análisis filosófico sobre la actividad cotidiana de la experiencia real vivida. Para ello, se vale de algunos de los filósofos que han abordado la problemática del valor de la experiencia en el mundo: Benjamin, Adorno, Hegel y Heidegger, principalmente. En un análisis comparativo que oscila de las diferencias a las similitudes entre los filósofos por él estudiados, el autor va desglosando el significado actual del fenómeno de la experiencia en nuestros días, a fin de responder si éste continúa siendo toral en la existencia humana o, por el contrario, está en declive, ha degenerado o ha sido, irremediable y trágicamente, destruido por los horrores bélicos y tecnológicos de la modernidad.

Pour commencer, je tiens à exprimer mon immense gratitude à l'égard de mon directeur de thèse, M. Emmanuel Barot… Merci d'avoir toujours cru en moi et en mon projet. Mes sincères remerciements à M. Guillaume Sibertin-Blanc, ainsi qu'à tous les professeurs qui m'ont guidée et soutenue tout au long de mon parcours. Un grand merci à Mme Dessens (Directrice de l'École Doctorale Allph@) et à Mme Moreau pour leur aide, leurs implication et leur générosité. Je remercie également du fond du coeur, mon co-directeur de thèse M. Enrique Aliste,

Recent progress towards an understanding of fluctuational escape from chaotic attractors (CAs) is reviewed and discussed in the contexts of both continuous systems and maps. It is shown that, like the simpler case of escape from a regular attractor, a unique most probable escape path (MPEP) is followed from a CA to the boundary of its basin of attraction. This remains true even where the boundary structure is fractal. The importance of the boundary conditions on the attractor is emphasized. It seems that a generic feature of the escape path is that it passes via certain unstable periodic orbits. The problems still remaining to be solved are identified and considered.

Emerging countries are held to be subject to more frequent and more pronounced external and internal shocks than their developed counter-parts. This suggests that key variables pertaining to their markets, including their exchange rates, will be marked by greater likelihood of extreme observations and large fluctuations. We focus on the hypothesis that compared to developed country exchange rates, emerging country exchange rates will be more pronouncedly heavy-tailed. We find support for the hypothesis using recently proposed robust tail index estimation methods which, in particular, perform well under heavy-tailed dependent GARCH processes that are often used for modeling exchange rates. According to the estimation results obtained in the paper, variances may be infinite for several emerging country exchange rates. Tail index values ζ = p ∈ (2.6, 2.8) appear to be at the dividing boundary between the two sets of countries: while the moments of order p ∈ (2.6, 2.8) are finite for most of the developed country exchange rates, they may be (or are) infinite for most of the emerging country exchange rates. We also study the impact of the on-going financial and economic crisis, and find that heavy-tailedness properties of most exchange rates did not change significantly with the onset of the crisis. At the same time, some foreign exchange markets have experienced structural changes in their heavy-tailedness properties during the crisis.

Natural and human‐caused disasters pose a significant risk to the health and well‐being of people. Journalists and news organisations can fulfil multiple roles related to disasters, ranging from providing warnings, assessing disaster mitigation and preparedness, and reporting on what occurs, to aiding long‐term recovery and fostering disaster resilience. This paper considers these possible functions of disaster journalism and draws on semi‐structured interviews with 24 journalists in the United States to understand better their approach to the discipline. A thematic analysis was employed, which resulted in the identification of five main themes and accompanying subthemes: (i) examining disaster mitigation and preparedness; (ii) facilitating recovery; (iii) self‐care and care of journalists; (iv) continued spread of social media; and (v) disaster journalism ethics. The paper concludes that disaster journalism done poorly can result in harm, but done well, it can be an essential instr...

Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused fear among customers and affected normal life around
the globe due to prolonged lockdown. It has disrupted the entire ecosystem of the hospitality industry and also
has significant impact on worldwide tourism and hospitality services. Hospitality service providers are trying to
attract customers and influence their perceptions by highlighting different safety and hygiene related factors.
The hospitality industry needs to focus on a strong positive image of safety and hygiene in the customers' minds
and cultivate hospitality service expectations by reducing fear and adversities of COVID19. In this article, we
introduce the concept of cleaning orientation, a construct that has become highly relevant in the hospitality
industry. We construct cleanliness orientation around three constructs namely cleanliness, hygiene and safety.
We then describe this orientation with respect to a case study on ‘WeAssure’ initiative of ITC Hotels group
during the lockdown situation.

The resilience of economic systems primarily depends on coordination among key stakeholders during macroeconomic or external shocks, while a lack of coordination can lead to financial and economic crises. The paper builds on the experience of global and regional shocks, such as the Eurozone crises of 2009-2012 and the economic disruption resulting from COVID-19 starting in 2020. The paper demonstrates the importance of cooperation in monetary and fiscal policies during emergencies to address macroeconomic non-resilience, particularly focusing on public debt management. The Euro area is chosen as the sample for testing the models presented in the paper, given it is exemplary since its resilience heavily depends on cooperation among different actors within the region. The shocks affecting the nations within the European Union are asymmetric, and the responses to these shocks require coordination, considering the heterogeneous economic structures, levels of economic development, and policies. The paper builds on the previous work of Semmler and Haider(2018) on cooperative behavior and Fiscal Policies in the Euro Area, which uses Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) to trace the path of key macroeconomic variables (inflation rate, interest rate, output gap, government gross debt, and government net lending) and their dynamics under non-cooperative and cooperative scenarios. This paper further extends this type of work by applying Deep Reinforcement Learning to modeling the dynamics of the mentioned variables, by testing the performance of Soft Actor Critic (SAC) algorithm in an macroeconomic environment.

Confrontée à une indéniable crise urbaine, la ville de Saint-Louis du Sénégal a initié en 1996 une nouvelle politique de gouvernance qui mobilise des acteurs au delà de la scène locale, accorde à la commune de nouvelles compétences dans la gestion de son territoire ...

Este documento es un resumen del libro A History of Global Capitalism: Feuding Elites and Imperial Expansion de Sambit Bhattacharyya (2020). La obra analiza la evolución del capitalismo global a lo largo de cinco siglos, destacando la competencia entre élites como motor de la expansión imperial y los conflictos geopolíticos. Se abordan eventos clave como la Revolución Industrial, el colonialismo europeo, las guerras mundiales, la Guerra Fría y el auge de China, India y Rusia en el siglo XXI. Además, se examinan las implicaciones económicas, políticas y estratégicas del capitalismo global, así como las tendencias actuales hacia un sistema multipolar.

Quality seed is a key input for agriculture, with a direct impact on agricultural production and productivity. Integrated seed sector development (ISSD) is an inclusive approach that recognizes and builds upon a diversity of seed systems in the sector. We use the ISSD approach to guide us in the design and implementation of seed sector interventions that are complementary to farmers’ practices, with the main aim of increasing farmers’ access to quality seed of superior varieties. In working with the ISSD approach, we recognize a number of guiding principles. In this paper, we describe these principles, and provide examples of how we work with the system of local seed business (LSB) in the ISSD programs in Ethiopia and Uganda. We recognize that LSBs offer an important service to communities by providing access to quality seed of crops and varieties that cannot be obtained reliably through other sources. The guiding principles help us to work towards the development of sustainable LSB...

Este artículo sistematiza y reflexiona sobre los procesos iniciados en ollas y merenderos populares como respuesta a la inseguridad alimentaria acentuada por la pandemia del Covid 19. Es una aproximación a las acciones de mitigación llevadas adelante por vecinos, vecinas y/o grupos, en el Departamento de Maldonado entre 2020 y 2022, buscando recuperar el conocimiento, la reflexión, la articulación de las vivencias y saberes colectivos y/o comunitarios esenciales para “producir -o conservar- condiciones para la reproducción de la vida” (Gutierréz, 2018). En torno al alimento se encuentran iniciativas diversas de ollas o merenderos donde se encuentran implicados colectivos o personas que recaudan, acopian y trasladan alimentos, hasta quienes desarrollan otras alternativas a partir del vínculo con la olla como huertas comunitarias o redes de ollas (Riero, et al., 2021). Se utilizó como estrategia de investigación el sociograma o mapeo vivo, aplicando como técnica fundamental, entrevistas semi-estructuradas dirigidas a integrantes de las ollas, merenderos, redes de apoyo, actores institucionales y un taller participativo con las personas referentes de las ollas. A partir de la sistematización se generó conocimiento sobre el tejido asociativo, las redes vecinales y de los recursos públicos surgidos o reforzados durante el contexto de pandemia, así como de los procesos participativos y el cuidado comunitario, sus  aprendizajes y saberes compartidos.

La crisis que asola a Europa es una crisis estructural que señala los límites de un régimen de acumulación basado en una moderación salarial compensada por un abultado endeudamiento privado. La crisis ha revelado también que si se descarta la opción federal, los Estados miembros de la eurozona, producto de las debilidades de la integración monetaria, van a seguir estando sometidos individualmente a la restricción del equilibrio exterior, lo que resulta incongruente con la propia lógica de la integración. Proyectar a Alemania como modelo a seguir, aparte de ser inviable desde el punto de vista económico, aboca a Europa a un período prolongado de crecimiento lento que traba la propia consolidación fiscal. Ahora le incumbe a Alemania, país que más provecho ha extraído de la integración monetaria, asumir un liderazgo responsable e imprimir una orientación más expansiva a sus políticas para aliviar el peso del ajuste en la periferia. Ha llegado la hora de romper con la gobernanza económica restrictiva para encaminarse hacia un gobierno económico europeo.

The Positive Psychology movement has turned the focus on the strengths that people bring to deal with trauma and crisis. The concept of resilience has assumed increasing significance in this regard and looks at how people withstand the effects of adversity and return to a state of normalcy. The understanding of resilience has been approached from several disciplinary perspectives resulting in a plethora of definitions and explanations. It has been regarded as a personality attribute by some and a contextual disposition by others. This theoretical overview adopts a historical approach and seeks to consolidate and synthesise key points in the understanding of resilience. It examines the multi-faceted nature of resilience and other related concepts as detailed in the extant literature. Characteristics of resilient people and its importance in coping have also been discussed. The bio-psychosocial nature of resilience is explored in this paper with reference to the ecosystems perspective. The concluding section briefly outlines implications for intervention.

This chapter outlines the background, nature, and explanations of existential crises. An unresolved existential crisis commonly causes depression. Crises occur in periods throughout the life cycle. They usually involve careers, relationships, or identity. The resolution often requires a development of a new stage of intellectual functioning, through which people can reflect on their interests and stage. The Existential Crisis Assessment measures severity of an existential crisis. A factor analysis showed the most important items in a person's existential crisis. My life, life in the universe, and relationships were the most important factors determining the severity of a person's existential crisis. The first solution is to match a person to a career. Another solution is to match one person to another. Three scales are used to match people to careers and partners: (1) decision-making measures how well a person addresses tasks of increasing difficulty; (2) perspective-taking predicts how well a person understands behavior of self and others; (3) core complexity interest scale identifies the reinforcement value of engaging. A further solution is that of cognitive behavioral therapy that can be used to both treat depression and offer training on social perspective-taking, a key ingredient to resolving one's crisis.

Kindling induced by pentylenetetrazole in rats is not directly associated with changes in the expression of NMDA receptors or benzodiazepine binding sites. PHARMACOL BIO-CHEM BEHAV 65 (4) 743-750, 2000.-Repeated injections of a subconvulsant dose of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 30 mg/kg IP three times weekly for 13 injections) in Wistar and hooded Lister rats resulted in kindled seizures, the extent of which varied between strains. Wistar rats achieved stage 4 of clonic-tonic seizures, whereas hooded Lister rats only reached stage 2 of convulsive waves axially through the body. Rats were killed 10 days after their final injection, and radioligand binding was used to measure the expression of NMDA receptors in cortex and hippocampus using [ 3 H]MK-801 and [ 3 H]L-689,560, the latter binding specifically to the NR1 subunit. [ 3 H]Ro 15-1788 measured expression of GABA A -benzodiazepine binding sites containing ␣ 1, ␣ 2, ␣ 3, or ␣ 5 subunits. Specific analysis of GABA A receptors containing the ␣ 5 subunit, which are preferentially localized in the hippocampus, was assessed with [ 3 H]L-655,708. In the cortex, there was no effect of strain or treatment on the K D or B max of any of the ligands. Similarly, there was no effect of strain or treatment on hippocampal [ 3 H]L-689,560 or [ 3 H]Ro 15-1788 binding. However, in the hippocampus there was a significant, albeit modest, effect of treatment on the B max of [ 3 H]MK-801 binding and the B max and K D of [ 3 H]L-655,708 binding, i.e., PTZ-treated rats had fewer [ 3 H]MK-801 and [ 3 H]L-655,708 binding sites (NMDA and ␣ 5-containing GABA A receptors, respectively), but, these reductions were significant only in the relatively seizure-insensitive hooded Lister strain. This suggests that the increased susceptibility to kindling in Wistar rats is not directly related to alterations in the expression of NMDA or GABA A receptors.

This paper analyzes the effect of international financial integration on the equity risk premium using a panel dataset of sixty emerging and developing countries over the period 2000-2010. We also use equity risk premium determinants as independent variables in the model. The results show that there is a negative relationship between international financial integration and equity risk premium. We add the interaction term between international financial integration and crisis as an independent variable in the model. We find out that our results are not confirmed in crisis situation.