Criminal Law Making Policies

Відповідно до публічних відомостей, наданих міжнародною громадською організацією Transparency International, Україна посідає 130 місце зі 180 за рівнем корумпованості бюрократичного апарату влади.
Відтак, метою державної політики протидії корупції є виявлення та подолання її соціальних передумов і наслідків корупційних дій.

Одним із чинників боротьби з корупцією став Закон України від 07.04.2011 р. № 3207‑VI «Про внесення змін до деяких законодавчих актів України щодо відповідальності за корупційні правопорушення», яким встановлена кримінальна відповідальність за незаконне збагачення. Кримінальний кодекс України було доповнено ст. 368-2 «Незаконне збагачення». Чи є наведений склад ефективним засобом протидії корупційним явищам в Україні — питання сьогоднішньої дискусії.
Чинна редакція цієї статті передбачає кримінальну відповідальність за незаконне збагачення, що визначається як «набуття особою, уповноваженою на виконання функцій держави або місцевого самоврядування, у власність активів у значному розмірі, законність підстав набуття яких не підтверджено доказами, а так само передача нею таких активів будь-якій іншій особі». Отже, диспозиція цієї статті встановлює презумпцію винуватості особи у вчиненні нею злочину.

Розширене тлумачення поняття «будь-якій іншій особі», яке міститься в абз. 1 ч. 1 ст. 368-2 Кримінального кодексу України, є нетиповим для кримінального права України в контексті вимог ст. 19 Конституції України та створює передумови для протиправного втручання в особисте життя, право на яке гарантовано ст. 32 Конституції України за формальними ознаками.

: Criminal law is the basic branch of law in the complex of branches
of law setting a mission to combat crime. From the author's point of view, criminal
investigation law is included in this complex. Taking this into consideration he pays
attention at some problems of application of criminal law in investigative activities and
comes to the conclusion that these problems must be searched in a single package.

Of the three organs of the government, the place of primacy belongs to the Legislature. The function of government begins by law-making and is followed up by law-enforcement and adjudication functions. As such, the legislature is the first organ of the government.

Вред является одной из центральных, системообразующих категорий, находящейся в центре основных понятий и институтов уголовного права. Вместе с тем сущность данного социально-правового явления далеко не всегда подвергается детальному анализу и воспринимается учеными как априорно понятное, не вызывающее критики положение. В большинстве случаев вред ассоциируется с преступлением. Однако в уголовном законе предусматривается и вред, не являющийся преступным. Предлагается общее понятие категории вреда в уголовном праве, дается его классификация. В зависимости от материального и формального критериев вред делится на преступный и непреступный. Анализируются формы преступного вреда. Делается вывод о том, что понятие «вред» является родовым и включает в себя несколько более узких по своему содержанию категорий, таких как ущерб, убытки и тяжкие последствия. Указывается на связующую роль вреда между деянием и объектом преступления. Разграничиваются преступные последствия как признак объективной стороны состава преступления и преступный вред правоохраняемым отношениям. С позиции причинения вреда рассматриваются формальные и усеченные составы преступлений, неоконченное преступное посягательство, действия соучастников. Особое внимание обращается на виды и значение вреда, не являющегося преступным. Последний, в свою очередь, в зависимости от материального критерия делится на общественно опасный вред, а также на общественно полезный или социально допустимый (правомерный). Особое внимание обращается на ситуации правомерного причинения вреда, которые предусмотрены в оперативно-разыскном законодательстве. Приводится классификация норм о деяниях, причиняющих правомерный вред, помимо Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации, еще в четырех группах нормативных актов. Проводится анализ правового регулирования общественно полезных (социально допустимых) деяний, причиняющих вред объектам уголовной охраны, но правомерность которых не предусмотрена уголовным законодательством. Рассматривается возможность применения аналогии уголовного закона в подобных ситуациях. С учетом тенденций в законодательной практике предпринята попытка уголовно-правового прогнозирования о нормативном закреплении правомерного причинения вреда.

The article considers damage as one of central, systematically important categories that is located in the center
of major concepts and institutions of criminal law. The essence of this social and legal phenomenon is not always subjected
to detailed analysis and is perceived by scholars as a priori clear, not drawing any criticism provision. In the majority of cases
damage is associated with a crime. However, the criminal law provides for damage that is not criminal. The author offers
a general definition of the category of damage in criminal law and gives its classification. Depending on the material and formal
criteria damage is divided into criminal and not criminal. The author analyzes the forms of criminal damage. The author
concludes that the notion of "damage" is generic and includes a number of slightly more narrow in their content categories,
such as injury, losses and grave consequences. The paper is indicative of the adhesive role of damage between the act and the
object of a crime. The author distinguished criminal consequences as an indication of the objective side of a crime and criminal
damage caused to protected relations. From the standpoint of inflicted damage the author considers formal and inchoate
crimes, inchoate criminal trespass, acts of accomplices. Particular attention is drawn to the types and value of damage that is
not criminal. The latter, in turn, depending on the material criterion is divided into socially dangerous harm, as well as socially
useful or admissible (legitimate). Particular attention is drawn to the situations of causing legitimate harm that are set forth
in investigative legislation. The paper contains the classification of rules regarding acts causing legitimate harm that are set
forth in four more groups of regulatory acts in addition to the Criminal Code of the RF. The author carries out the analysis of
legal regulation of socially useful (socially admissible) acts that cause harm to the objects of criminal protection, but their
legitimacy is not provided for in criminal legislation. He also examines the possibility to apply criminal law analogy in such
situations. Taking into account trends in legislative practice, the author attempts to predict within the frames of criminal law
normative consolidation of causing legitimate harm.

In November 2015, the Law Commission published a scoping report on the future of offences against the person. Building on previous reform efforts, the report proposed reworked versions of these offences for inclusion in a new statute. This article critiques those plans. First, it summarises the background to the report. Secondly, it outlines the problems with the existing crimes. Thirdly, it examines the comparative coherence of the recast offences. Fourthly, it offers some concluding thoughts on the revised scheme of liability.

У посібнику аналізуються законодавчі зміни до Кримінального кодексу України 2001 р. у зв’язку з підготовкою до ратифікації Конвенції Ради Європи про запобігання насильству стосовно жінок і домашньому насильству та боротьбу з цими явищами (Стамбульської конвенції), досліджуються ключові засади політики гендерного мейнстримінгу у національному кримінальному праві, висвітлюються основні фокуси реформ у сфері запобігання насильству стосовно жінок і домашньому насильству та боротьби з цими явищами.

Upskirting – covertly photographing a person's genital or anal region, often to distribute the footage online – is frequently neglected as a form of serious online sexual predation against women. This behaviour has occurred for centuries, and while its form has changed with the advent of smart phones and the internet, it has remained a pervasive and insidious harm against women. Drawing on my doctoral research this paper presents findings from a discourse analysis of the Victorian parliamentary debates relating to the Summary Offences Amendment (Upskirting) Bill 2007, and a sample of Australian media reports on upskirting over a 10-year period between 2005-2015. In this paper, I analyse the discursive construction of upskirting and identify three recurring themes that a) represent this behaviour as a harmless or victimless crime; b) only portray the behaviour as an invasion of privacy, and c) normalise harmful sexist ideology relating to gendered violence. I contend that upskirting is another example of how online spaces can facilitate violence against women, and that the ways in which it has been represented has simultaneously obscured, denied and contributed to the harm this behaviour can engender. It is imperative that in addition to understanding the nature of new technologically facilitated harms such as upskirting, scholars should also examine and challenge problematic popular representations of these new harms, so that a broader audience might also 'rethink' cybercrime.

This chapter focuses on Italy’s struggle to hold Fascism to account between 1943–1946 within the complex framework of the nation’s transition to democracy after World War II. This historical turn will be taken as an example of a specific regime of temporality, one in which the conjunctural features of time exercise an attributive force over legal issues. Responding to the demand for justice was an unavoidable step in the aftermath of the dictatorship, and the manner in which this issue was handled qualified some long-term solutions that were absorbed into the democratic legal order. The tension between restorative justice and national appeasement will be considered on two analytical levels: normative framework and legal debate. The concluding remarks will propose some methodological considerations on the importance of transitional time for historical research, with ascriptive time also being examined in general terms.

В материалы вошли тексты докладов и выступлений участников
IV межведомственной научно-практической конференции «Уголовное и оперативно-разыскное законодательство: проблемы межотраслевых связей и перспективы совершенствования», которая состоялась 30 ноября 2018 г. в Рязанском филиале Московского университета МВД России им. В.Я. Кикотя.
Сборник посвящен актуальным проблемам теории, законодательства и правоприменительной практики взаимосвязей уголовного права и оперативно-разыскной деятельности.
Издание предназначено для научных работников, преподавателей, сотрудников правоохранительных органов, адъюнктов и аспирантов юридических вузов, а
также всех тех, кто интересуется проблемами уголовного права и оперативно-разыскной деятельности.

Criminal law is the body of rules and statues which define the conduct which is prohibited by the state/government because it may harm the society/public . It is a welfare that establishes punishment which will be imposed if this law is broken. Criminal procedure states the rule under which criminal cases are conducted. It involves investigation, prosecution, adjudication and the punishment of the crimes. In other words, Ssekana in his Book Criminal Procedure and Practice in Uganda, he elaborates criminal Procedure as the process through which penal and criminal law are applied . That is the process of the application of penal laws.

Of the three organs of the government, the place of primacy belongs to the Legislature. The function of government begins by law-making and is followed up by law-enforcement and adjudication functions. As such, the legislature is the first organ of the government.

Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени доктора юридических наук
Специальности:  12.00.08 – уголовное право и криминология; уголовно-исполнительное право; 12.00.12 – криминалистика; судебно-экспертная деятельность; оперативно-розыскная деятельность

El delito de lavado de activos Aspectos sustantivos, procesales y de política criminal. Lima: Grijley, 2017.

Disponible para adquisición en: https://www.libreriasgrijley.com/producto/el-delito-de-lavado-de-activos-aspectos-sustantivos-procesales-y-de-politica-criminal

a la fecha, es a través del desenlace de alguna o algunas de las situaciones de mayor magnitud que estén relacionados con las potencias emergentes que pretenden establecerse como hegemónicas en alianza, de acuerdo a lo acordado en Davos como Irán, China, Rusia, y posiblemente las mismas redes criminales transnacionales (CTO) aliadas con los grupos o familias que manejan grandes capitales y que impulsan internacionalmente la agenda 2030, pactado entre naciones y personalidades de la mayor capacidad económica en el Foro Económico Mundial, que cuentan con el apoyo de la ONU y el estado Vaticano.

La reflexividad en las instituciones públicas es síntoma del sistema democrático de buena gobernanza. En este trabajo nos preguntamos en qué grado la agencia penitenciaria en general, y los sistemas penitenciarios del Estado español en particular, especialmente el sistema AGE, participan o deben participar en el cuestionamiento de su actividad, y cómo se comunican con la demos y con el resto del sistema penal. Realizamos un ecléctico análisis de evaluabilidad de los fines y resultados de la Administración penitenciaria, abrazando holísticamente las diferentes disciplinas que nos lleven a abrir las políticas carcelarias. Aunque evaluar la eficacia de la prisión se torne difícil –pues, entre otras cosas, no se establecen claros objetivos–, sí podremos observar la transparencia que abran los sistemas penitenciarios, como característica de una mejor democracia. De todo ello se esboza un modelo de calidad penitenciaria, que tiene como pilares la seguridad, los derechos humanos y la reinserción, en los que aportamos ya algunos indicadores que puedan servir de ayuda para llegar a la prisión abierta, entendida ésta como la buena prisión: que se abre transparentemente, que aprende de la ciencia y que es parte de la comunidad, luego democrática. Argumentamos finalmente que, paradójicamente, la calidad total en la Administración penitenciaria supondría la inexistencia de una Administración penitenciaria. http://hdl.handle.net/10498/25737 Reflexivity of public institutions is a symptom of a good democratic system under the postulates of the good governance. In this work, we wonder to what extent the prison agency in general, and the Spanish prison systems in particular, participate or should participate in questioning their activity, and how they communicate with the demos and with the rest of the Criminal Justice System. We carry out an eclectic analysis of the evaluability of the aim and the outcome of the prison administration, holistically embracing the different disciplines that may lead us to open and dissect the policies of the prison. Although evaluating the efficacy of prisons becomes difficult –because no clear goals are established–, we will be able to observe what transparency the prison systems report, as a characteristic of a better democracy. It is sketched out a Model of Prison Quality with three pillars: security, human rights and reintegration. In these dimensions we describe some indicators that can help to get the open prison, understood as the good prison: the one that presents itself transparently, learns from science, and is part of the community; therefore democratic. Finally, we argue that total quality in the prison administration would imply, paradoxically, the absence of prisons. http://hdl.handle.net/10498/25737

The coalition government in Jammu and Kashmir during 2002 to 2008 helped build some kind of confidence in the electoral institutions and processes. Breaking the hegemony of the single dominant party also brought an alternative to the PDP-Congress coalition power. PDP-Congress formed a coalition government after 2002 Assembly elections as no political party had won majority and it resulted in a fractured mandate. The coalition was significant in the sense that PDP had recently emerged as regional force, and it was its first game in elections as well as coalition politics. The coalition began very well on a good note. The coalition incorporated their election manifestoes with the basic issues which the people were facing. The PDP promised a corruption-free government, unconditional dialogue with militants, providing a healing touch and like. The present paper analyses the performance of PDP-Congress coalition led by Ghulam Nabi Azad.

The International Criminal Court (ICC), with the case of Mr Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi (“Al Mahdi case”), faced negotiated justice for the !rst time in its history. In this article I will be proposing amendments to the Rome Statute (“Statute”), to the Rules of Procedure and Evidence (“Rules”) and to the Regulations of the Court (“Regulations”). This proposal is based on the issues arising out of the Al Mahdi Judgment.

В статье рассматриваются проблемы отграничения провокации преступления от оперативно-разыскных мероприятий. Основное внимание уделено понятию обнаружения умысла, его соотношению с приготовлением к преступлению.

При осуществлении оперативно-разыскной деятельности нередко возникают вопросы об отграничения ее от запрещенной провокации преступления. Одна из проблем разрешения этого вопроса состоит в отграничении преступных действий лица, в отношении которого проводится оперативно-разыскное мероприятие, от обнаружения им умысла на совершение преступления. В соответствии с уголовным законом выражение лицом намерения совершить какие-либо действия не является преступным и наказуемым. Ненаказуемость обнаружения мыслей о преступлении уже давно является общепризнанной аксиомой уголовного права. В теории уголовного права обнаружение намерения совершить преступное деяние иногда называют «голым» умыслом. Такой умысел выражается лишь в психической деятельности лица, формировании мысленной модели поведения. Однако при этом никакого реального воплощения своих мыслей в реальной объективной действительности не происходит. В таких случаях не только не совершается преступление, но и не создаются условия для его совершения. Уголовное право не может интересовать, а соответственно и не влечет уголовной ответственности все, что не нашло своего отражения в общественно опасном деянии, причиняющем либо создающем угрозу причинения вреда объектам уголовно-правовой охраны. В таких случаях действует принцип римского права-cogitationis poenam nemo patitur (мысли ненаказуемы). Данный вывод можно спроецировать и на различные ситуации. Например, если лицо выражает любым способом (в личной беседе, по телефону, в письме, в социальных сетях и т. п.) намерение убить кого-либо (то есть доводит до сведения других свои мысли), не предпринимая после этого никаких реальных действий, то подобное поведение находится вне сферы уголовно-правового регулирования. В принципе такое обнародование своих намерений имеет значение лишь для превентивных целей оперативно-разыскной деятельности. В соответствии с уголовным законом, если после доведения умысла до сведения окружающих лицо начинает действовать с целью реализации своего намерения, то дело меняется коренным образом. Ведь тем самым виновный переступает границу дозволенного.

В статье рассматривается проблема уголовно-правового обеспечения причинения вреда правоохраняемым интересам при проведении оперативно-разыскных мероприятий. Анализируются существующие в теории уголовного права и оперативно-разыскной деятельности предложения законодательного регламентирования (de lege ferenda) таких ситуаций. В зависимости от объема правового регулирования мнения авторов дифференцируются на две группы. Используются примеры судебной практики, а также данные собственных исследований. В завершении предлагается авторский вариант уголовно-правовой нормы о причинении вреда при проведении оперативно-разыскного мероприятия.
The problem of criminal law ensuring of harm infliction to legally protected interests during op-erational-investigative activities is considered. Proposals of legislative regulation (de lege feren-da) of such situations existing in the theory of criminal law and operational-investigative activity are analyzed. The authors` opinions are differentiated into two groups because of the scope of le-gal regulation. An example of judicial practice, as well as the own research data is proposed. In conclusion the author's version of the criminal law norm of harm infliction during operational-investigative activity is proposed.

1 Introdução. 2 Comunidades epistêmicas e política criminal. 2.1 As comunidades epistêmicas como categoria de análise. 2.2 A influência das comunidades epistêmicas na produção legislativa. 3 A produção dos decretos de indultos no Brasil. 3.1 Organizações que participam na produção dos indultos. 3.2 O CNPCP como comunidade epistêmica: origem, organização e funções. 4 A produção do decreto de indulto de 2014-2015: aspectos político-criminais e atores envolvidos. 5 O decreto de indulto de 2016 -restrição às hipóteses de incidência e a renúncia de membros do CNPCP. 6 Conclusão. Referências. RESUMO O artigo analisa o papel do Conselho Nacional de Política Criminal e Penitenciária (CNP-CP) na edição dos decretos de indulto no Brasil, retomando o conceito de comunidades epistêmicas. No Brasil, o órgão encarregado de elaborar a minuta do decreto de indulto é o Conselho Nacional de Política Criminal e Penitenciária (CNPCP), que a remete, via Ministro da Justiça, à Presidência da República para apreciação e publicação posterior do decreto.

We are thrilled to bring you the latest edition of the Criminal Law Special Edition of the Manitoba Law Journal. Academics, students and the practicing bench and bar continue to access this publication and contribute to it their knowledge and experience in the criminal law. The fact that we have, once again, elected to publish a double volume is a testament to the quality of submissions we have received over the last twelve months. We present twenty-five articles from twenty-nine authors, highlighting the work of some of Canada’s leading criminal law, criminological and criminal justice academics. The Manitoba Law Journal remains one of the most important legal scholarship platforms in Canada with a rich history of hosting criminal law analyses.1 With the help of our contributors, the Manitoba Law Journal was recently ranked second out of thirty-one entries in the Law, Government and Politics category of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). We continue to be committed to open access scholarship and our readership grows with each Criminal Law Special Edition released.

Desde hace años asistimos a un constante aumento del interés por la calidad de las normas, que se refleja tanto en el ámbito académico como en el político, con cada vez más cauces e iniciativas orientadas
a aportar datos y conocimientos empíricos o científicos que contribuyan a una toma de decisiones más informada y a unas normas mejores. Este interés no ha sido homogéneo ni en todas las ramas del ordenamiento
ni en todos los Estados. En el ámbito penal observamos cada vez una mayor atención académica a este tema, no siempre acompañada de su correspondiente interés institucional. El presente trabajo pretende atender a este asunto, centrándose en las medidas de mejora de la legislación adoptadas por la Unión Europea, particularmente en los últimos años y respecto al ámbito penal. Dichas medidas pueden
contribuir a mejorar la actuación de algunos legisladores, como el español, todavía poco avanzados en prácticas de buena regulación y racionalidad legislativa.

We are thrilled to bring you the latest edition of the Criminal Law Special Edition of the Manitoba Law Journal. Academics, students and the practicing bench and bar continue to access this publication and contribute to it their knowledge and experience in the criminal law. The fact that we have, once again, elected to publish a double volume is a testament to the quality of submissions we have received over the last twelve months. We present twenty-five articles from twenty-nine authors, highlighting the work of some of Canada’s leading criminal law, criminological and criminal justice academics. The Manitoba Law Journal remains one of the most important legal scholarship platforms in Canada with a rich history of hosting criminal law analyses.1 With the help of our contributors, the Manitoba Law Journal was recently ranked second out of thirty-one entries in the Law, Government and Politics category of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). We continue to be committed to open access scholarship and our readership grows with each Criminal Law Special Edition released.

We are thrilled to bring you the latest edition of the Criminal Law Special Edition of the Manitoba Law Journal. Academics, students and the practicing bench and bar continue to access this publication and contribute to it their knowledge and experience in the criminal law. The fact that we have, once again, elected to publish a double volume is a testament to the quality of submissions we have received over the last twelve months. We present twenty-five articles from twenty-nine authors, highlighting the work of some of Canada’s leading criminal law, criminological and criminal justice academics. The Manitoba Law Journal remains one of the most important legal scholarship platforms in Canada with a rich history of hosting criminal law analyses.1 With the help of our contributors, the Manitoba Law Journal was recently ranked second out of thirty-one entries in the Law, Government and Politics category of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). We continue to be committed to open access scholarship and our readership grows with each Criminal Law Special Edition released.

Проводится анализ правовых основ правомерности причинения вреда при проведении оперативно-разыскных мероприятий. Рассматривается возможность использования в таких случаях нормы о крайней необходимости. Соотносятся признаки соучастия в преступлении с поведением лица, осуществляющего оперативно-разыскную деятельность в криминальной среде. Делаются выводы о необходимости дополнения уголовного законодательства новым обстоятельством, исключающим преступность деяния – «Причинение вреда при проведении оперативно-разыскного мероприятия», а также об отсутствии признаков соучастия в преступлении при осуществлении оперативно-разыскной деятельности.

Este trabajo es un análisis actual del indulto desde el enfoque innovador que aporta la criminología cuyo propósito es explicar en qué consiste, su uso dentro del sistema penal y su utilidad como herramienta de política penitenciaria y criminal. Se señalan las disfunciones que se encuentran y se proponen alternativas. Finalmente, se lanza una predicción sobre la continuidad de esta figura, muy controvertida por su colisión con la división de poderes.

This paper is a current overview of clemency, made from the innovative approach of the criminology, aims to understand what it is, its use within the penal system and its usefulness as a tool in penitentiary and criminal policies. Then the dysfunctions are identified and alternatives are proposed. Finally, a prediction is made about the continuity of such program, which is controversial due to the conflict with the separation of powers.

En este artículo se aborda el tema de la seguridad de la información frente a amenazas cibernéticas en un contexto global, haciendo una revisión de la situación actual en Colombia. Mediante una investigación cualitativa, teórica, documental y descriptiva, se hace un recorrido histórico sobre la ciberseguridad (ciberguerra, ciberdefensa, delitos informáticos), particularmente en el componente de seguridad de la información, y se trabajan diversos aspectos al respecto (contextos, análisis de riesgos, sistemas de gestión y estándares de calidad) mientras se muestran los riesgos para las empresas, la sociedad y los países, evidenciados con la pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19). Para el caso colombiano se revisaron datos sobre las acciones gubernamentales ante estas amenazas y se indagó sobre sus políticas de seguridad informática y estándares de calidad. Al final del artículo se muestran los retos que tiene Colombia frente a las amenazas cibernéticas, en cuanto a la seguridad de la inf...

Questo volume si collega al precedente 2.1, proseguendone la ricostruzione storica con l’aggiunta di nuove tematiche. Il primo argomento ha una valenza storica narrando le scoperte scientifiche che permisero di incriminare gli assassini che usavano veleni metallici. Il secondo, più attuale, dettaglia l’uso della genetica e del DNA in ambito processuale con tutte le problematiche dubbiose sul loro uso procedurale. Il terzo argomento tratta le armi da fuoco ed è diviso in due capitoli relativi alle tipologie del munizionamento e allo sviluppo della tecnologia con le quali sono costruite.

The purposes of this research were 1) to study the opinion about the use of good governance principles in the educational institutions management in 5 regions including the Northern, the Northeastern, the Central and the Southern Regions. 2) To compare the use of good governance principles in the educational institutions management in 5 regions including the Northern, the Eastern, the Northeastern, the Central and the Southern Regions. 3) To utilize the concept in using good governance principles in the educational institutions management in 5 regions including the Northern, the Eastern, the Northeastern, the Central and the Southern Regions. This research is the study of
the combination among total population used in this research. The research sample group consisted of 320 educational institutions administrators and teachers. The research was conducted by using the Stratified Random Sampling. The tool for this research was survey questionnaire.  The research statistics were Average and Standard Deviation (SD).  From the qualitative research, we have found that there was the use of good governance principles in the educational institutions management in 5 regions.  The use of good governance principles in the educational institutions management in
5 regions was overall at a high level at 4-5 rates.  In addition, the results of the Qualitative Research showed that from the comparison of the educational institutions administrators and teachers in the use of good governance principles in these 5 regions, their overall opinion was not different.  The reasons were high capability of these educational institutions administrators and their understanding about the administration concept according to the good governance principles. They also transferred
dge and experiences to teachers and collaborated with each other in the im
they did not implement such ideas on the continuous basis. Therefore, we will se
successful and some schools were not, depending on these educational institutions administrators.
Keywords: good governance principles, educational institutions management, educational institutions administrators, transparency principles

In this article we will be considering the way in which the Swedish (pre-) legislative process helps to guarantee certain standards of scientific and political deliberation, transparency and coherence with regard to the results, hindering punitive expansion as a consequence. These functions are undertaken via the procedural imposition of a certain concept of rationality which is very closely associated with the idea of “how things should be done”, in which the notion that regulations—including penal regulations—should be “assessable” in the widest sense of the word and not merely performative responses to political issues is implicit.

At Robson Crim we believe passionately that criminal law in Canada must be studied from perspectives of multivalence. Black letter law analyses indeed have their place, as do complex theoretical interrogations of criminal law. Speaking across disciplines between law, criminology, sociology, psychology, and other disciplines is an ever-present challenge. We must never forget that good criminal law practice is informed well by the social sciences and humanities. Likely the cognate disciplines would also do well to take doctrinal analysis seriously and to include rigorous legal analyses in their own interrogations. We hope that this special edition, and future special editions provide a national, perhaps international, space where these multiple perspectives and disciplines can intersect and thrive. Thank you for reading this issue. We look forward to publishing many more as we continue our mission of fostering innovative and engaging criminal law scholarship.

For years the European Union has been concerned about the quality of legislation and better regulation. This has been observed for a long time in various programmatic and working documents of the different EU institutions. It aims to fighting against the criticisms of over-legislation, excessive bureaucracy and obsolescence of European legislation, which undermine the credibility of the Union itself. On the other hand, this concern is also due to a sincere attempt to achieve better norms that harmonise or unify the Member States’ legislation. In recent times this interest has also focused on the criminal norms elaborated in the area of Freedom, Security and Justice.

Questo volume si collega al precedente 2.2, dettagliando la tematica genetica e oplologica. Se nel testo precedente si sono affrontati gli sviluppi forensi di queste discipline, nel presente volume si affrontano le analisi genetiche impiegate per risolvere i casi di ingiustificata detenzione e la cronaca dei laboratori che hanno prodotto, ad ogni titolo, falsi referti. Notevole la parte oplologica che analizza la psicologia di un conflitto a fuoco soprattutto dal punto di vista degli agenti. Il capitolo relativo agli effetti di balistica lesionale, spiega la disciplina confutando le più diffuse falsità in materia. La parte storica conclude il testo con un doppio capitolo legato alla tossicologia organica fino ai più recenti e terribili veleni: gli psicofarmaci.

The emergence of the privilege against self-incrimination and the right to silence represents a ‘landmark event in the history of Anglo-American criminal procedure.’  These distinct elements are intrinsically linked to the presumption of innocence and burden of proof.  Policy makers in Northern Ireland argued that this gave too much of an advantage to defendants and that dealing with the ‘wall of silence’ in the interviewing of terrorist suspects necessitated the curtailment of these rights. This essay critically analyses the Criminal Evidence (NI) Order 1988, in light of the moral, political and legal tensions arising from the jurisprudence.

En este trabajo, se investigan algunos aspectos en que las cuestiones político-criminales y dogmáticas de las prohibiciones penales relacionadas a la pornografía. infantil son agudizadas por el fenómeno de los “nuevos” medios de comunicación. En el apartado relativo a la problemática político-criminal, se propone un replanteamiento del fundamento de legitimación de tales prohibiciones, que tenga en cuenta el estadio actual de desarrollo tecnológico de los medios de comunicación y que considere como bien jurídico protegido, por consecuencia, los derechos de la personalidad del niño retratado. En los apartados dedicados a cuestiones dogmáticas, se aborda la actual concepción de los “delitos de posesión como delitos de
estado” y se defiende su inadmisibilidad y sus consecuencias especialmente nocivas para la dogmática de la posesión de pornografía infantil digital; a continuación, se discuten la problemática relativa a la determinación de la acción debida de eliminación de pornografía infantil digital recibida sin el consentimiento del individuo, el momento en que
tal acción debe ser realizada, y, por fin, los riesgos jurídico-penales inherentes a la realización de tal acción para el “poseedor” y para su abogado, así como de qué manera se pueden interpretar los respectivos tipos de posesión de modo a eliminar tales riesgos.

We are thrilled to bring you the latest edition of the Criminal Law Special Edition of the Manitoba Law Journal. Academics, students and the practicing bench and bar continue to access this publication and contribute to it their knowledge and experience in the criminal law. The fact that we have, once again, elected to publish a double volume is a testament to the quality of submissions we have received over the last twelve months. We present twenty-five articles from twenty-nine authors, highlighting the work of some of Canada’s leading criminal law, criminological and criminal justice academics. The Manitoba Law Journal remains one of the most important legal scholarship platforms in Canada with a rich history of hosting criminal law analyses.1 With the help of our contributors, the Manitoba Law Journal was recently ranked second out of thirty-one entries in the Law, Government and Politics category of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). We continue to be committed to open access scholarship and our readership grows with each Criminal Law Special Edition released.

Article 35 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan provides the legitimacy of infliction of harm
in the course of criminal intelligence, counterintelligence measures, criminal intelligence and surveillance
operations. This provision is a criminal-law guarantee of safety of law enforcement officers involved in covert
operations to counter crime. However, the authors' analysis of this legal regulatory provision revealed a high
probability of violation of the rights of persons who have caused harm in the implementation of the named
actions. This circumstance requires scientific attention and broad discussion in the professional community.
The purpose of the article is a research of Article 35 of the Criminal Code of Republic of Kazakhstan from
the construction point of view and its correlation with other legal regulatory provisions of the Criminal Code
of Republic of Kazakhstan and sectoral legislation; the tasks - to examine the verbal formulation of the
construed regulatory provision of the Criminal Code of Republic of Kazakhstan to eliminate its contradictions
with other legal regulatory provisions of the Kazakhstan legislation, develop proposals for improvement of
proper quality of fixing circumstances excluding criminality of action in Article 35 of the Criminal Code of
Republic of Kazakhstan. The significance of the study for the practice of application of Article 35 of the
Criminal Code of Republic of Kazakhstan is justified by the author by making proposals to eliminate the
problematic nature of the legislative construction of this regulatory provision for its uniform application and
strengthening the ability of Article 35 of the Criminal Code of Republic of Kazakhstan to become an effective
regulator of social relations.

Advances in medicine have made possible alternative ways of reproduction different to its traditional form. One of them is surrogacy, in which a fertilized egg is nested in the body of a woman, who carry the pregnancy to term with the obligation to surrender the neonate to a third party. This alternative form of human reproduction has been criticized for instrumentalize the woman who rents her body to carry out the pregnancy and there are demands of criminalization of its practice. This paper analyses if the principle of criminal law as a last resort justifies or not the use of the punitive power as a form of social control against surrogacy.

The introduction to this dossier traces the main divisions, ambivalences, and forms of hybridization that cut across and shape the criminal justice system, both in Switzerland and internationally. The text therefore invites us to question the relationship between the penal state and the welfare state, between punishment, rehabilitation, and risk management, and between prison and non-custodial sentences asking: how do these seemingly distinct areas empirically come together to constitute a “sociopenal continuum”? We discuss the theoretical relevance of the concept of hybridization for an understanding of the penal field, as well as the methodological tools useful for its analysis. Finally, we propose three forms of hybridization, in dialogue with the contributions to this dossier: the first form is apparent when two institutions pursuing distinct missions are called upon to collaborate in order to deal with the same population; the second emerges when two paradigms for intervention ...

There is a widespread view that interest groups are key features of contemporary democracies. Through those political participation channels, citizens articulate their political preferences and interests, express their support and demands to the government, and seek to influence the public decision-making process.

The introduction to this dossier traces the main divisions, ambivalences, and forms of hy-bridization that cut across and shape the criminal justice system, both in Switzerland and internationally. The text therefore invites us to question the relationship between the penal state and the welfare state, between punishment, rehabilitation, and risk management, and between prison and non-custodial sentences asking: how do these seemingly distinct areas empirically come together to constitute a "sociopenal continuum"? We discuss the theoretical relevance of the concept of hybridization for an understanding of the penal field, as well as the methodological tools useful for its analysis. Finally, we propose three forms of hybridization, in dialogue with the contributions to this dossier: the first form is apparent when two institutions pursuing distinct missions are called upon to collaborate in order to deal with the same population; the second emerges when two paradigms for intervention compete with each other within the same institutional framework, resulting in intertwining logics of action; the third can be observed in the trajectories of the population of criminal justice institutions, marked by a diverse range of measures for intervention (whether social, judicial, or therapeutic).

For years, the European Union (EU) has legislated on criminal matters through Council framework decisions within the third pillar. The Lisbon Treaty recognized the European Union competences for defining crimes and penalties in a number of cases (art. 83 TFEU), harmonizing the national legislations through directives. These norms have had a significant impact on the Member States´ criminal systems. This paper aims to analyze the current EU criminal policy, focusing on its character, peculiarities and deficiencies. The importance of such analysis is undeniable, given the influence that EU legislation has on national criminal policies. This study suggests that the EU criminal policy displays noteworthy signs of irrationality –originating from the law-making process- which may affect the Member States´ internal criminal policy.