Cosmology and Gravitation

Two Hamiltonian formulations of General Relativity, due to Pirani, Schild and Skinner (Phys. Rev. 87, 452, 1952) and Dirac (Proc. Roy. Soc. A 246, 333, 1958), are considered. Both formulations, despite having different expressions for constraints, allow one to derive four-dimensional diffeomorphism invariance. The relation between these two formulations at all stages of the Dirac approach to the constrained Hamiltonian systems is analyzed. It is shown that the complete sets of their phase-space variables are related by a transformation which satisfies the ordinary condition of canonicity known for unconstrained Hamiltonians and, in addition, converts one total Hamiltonian into another, thus preserving form-invariance of generalized Hamiltonian equations for constrained systems.

In this paper we study scalar perturbations of the metric for nonlinear f(R) models. We consider the Universe at the late stage of its evolution and deep inside the cell of uniformity. We investigate the astrophysical approach in the case of Minkowski spacetime background and two cases in the cosmological approach, the large scalaron mass approximation and the quasi-static approximation, getting explicit expressions for scalar perturbations for both these cases. In the most interesting quasi-static approximation, the scalar perturbation functions depend on both the nonlinearity function f(R) and the scale factor a. Hence, we can study the dynamical behavior of the inhomogeneities (e.g., galaxies and dwarf galaxies) including into consideration their gravitational attraction and the cosmological expansion, and also taking into account the effects of nonlinearity. Our investigation is valid for functions f(R) which have stable de Sitter points in future with respect to the present tim...

In this paper we will illustrate how to constrain unavoidable Kähler corrections for N = 1 supergravity (SUGRA) inflation from the recent Planck data. We will show that the non-renormalizable Kähler operators will induce in general non-minimal kinetic term for the inflaton field, and two types of SUGRA corrections in the potential — the Hubbleinduced mass (cH), and the Hubble-induced A-term (aH) correction. The entire SUGRA inflationary framework can now be constrained from (i) the speed of sound, cs, and (ii) from the upper bound on the tensor to scalar ratio, r⋆. We will illustrate this by considering a heavy scalar degree of freedom at a scale, Ms, and a light inflationary field which is responsible for a slow-roll inflation. We will compute the corrections to the kinetic term and the potential for the light field explicitly. As an example, we will consider a visible sector inflationary model of inflation where inflation occurs at the point of inflection, which can match the dens...

The following assumptions of the Big Bang theory are challenged and found to be false: the cosmological principle, the assumption that all matter formed at the same time and the assumption regarding the cause of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR).

The evolution of the universe is described based on the conclusion that the universe is finite with a space boundary. The CMBR is coming from a source located within the event horizon of the universe. There is sufficient mass in the universe to create an event horizon at the Schwarzschild radius.

Galaxies form over time due to the energy released by the expansion of space. When a galaxy forms the matter formation is in the form of neutrons. Pairs of neutrons bond to form dark matter (dineutrons) and single neutrons decay to form protons and electrons which combine to form hydrogen.

Conservation of energy must consider total energy which is mass (+ve) plus energy (+ve) plus spacetime curvature (-ve) so that the total energy of the universe is always zero. The predominant position of galaxy formation moves over time from the centre of the universe towards the boundary so that today the majority of new galaxy formation is taking place beyond our horizon of observation at 14 billion light years.

The distribution of galaxies in a finite universe is such that there is a variation in gravitational acceleration depending on the distance from the centre of the universe. This gravitational acceleration results in the difference in the recession velocity of galaxies previously attributed to dark energy.

We have found an exact, analytic, closed-form bound state solution to the Schrodinger Newton Equation in the Field Energy Dominance Model for a particle in its own spherically symmetric gravitational field. On comparison with the best-fit numerical solution we find that ours is an excellent solution in the entire sub-Planck domain. There are five outstanding aspects of this solution: (1) It solves two Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) simultaneously. (2) Both PDEs are non-linear. (3) Both PDEs are non-local. (4) The solution is very similar to that for the hydrogen atom in simplicity despite the complexities mentioned. (5) This is the first time that a quantum system having two ground states, each with an infinite tower of excited states, has been solved in closed-form for the wave function, the energy eigen-values, the most probable radius,etc. We make predictions of low frequency quantised gravitational radiation accessible to the LIGO and other gravitational wave detectors. We predict gravitons in the energy range 10^−18 eV to 200 eV that can be tested in the upgrade to the LHC-2 currently underway.

Too many physicists believe the ‘phallacy’ that the quantum is more fundamental than relativity without any valid supporting evidence, so the earliest attempts to unify physics based on the continuity of relativity have been all but abandoned. This belief is probably due to the wealth of pro-quantum propaganda and general ‘phallacies in fysics’ that were spread during the second quarter of the twentieth century, although serious ‘phallacies’ exist throughout physics on both sides of the debate. Yet both approaches are basically flawed because both relativity and the quantum theory are incomplete and grossly misunderstood as they now stand. Had either side of the quantum versus relativity controversy sought common ground between the two worldviews, total unification would have been accomplished long ago. The point is, literally, that the discrete quantum, continuous relativity, basic physical geometry, theoretical mathematics and classical physics all share one common characteristic that has never been fully explored or explained – a paradoxical duality between a dimensionless point (discrete) and an extended length (continuity) in any dimension – and if the problem of unification is approached from an understanding of how this paradox relates to each paradigm, all of physics and indeed all of science could be unified under a single new theoretical paradigm.

Keywords: unification, single field theory, unified field theory, quantized space-time, five-dimensional space-time, quantum,  relativity, hidden variables, Einstein, Kaluza, Klein, Clifford

We consider the Universe deep inside the cell of uniformity. At these scales, the Universe is filled with inhomogeneously distributed discrete structures (galaxies, groups and clusters of galaxies), which perturb the background Friedmann model. Here, the mechanical approach (Eingorn & Zhuk, 2012) is the most appropriate to describe the dynamics of the inhomogeneities which is defined, on the one hand, by gravitational potentials of inhomogeneities and, on the other hand, by the cosmological expansion of the Universe. In this paper, we present additional arguments in favor of this approach. First, we estimate the size of the cell of uniformity. With the help of the standard methods of statistical physics and for the galaxies of the type of the Milky Way and Andromeda, we get that it is of the order of 190 Mpc which is rather close to observations. Then, we show that the nonrelativistic approximation (with respect to the peculiar velocities) is valid for $z \lesssim 10$, i.e. approximately for 13 billion years from the present moment. We consider scalar perturbations and, within the $\Lambda$CDM model, justify the main equations. Moreover, we demonstrate that radiation can be naturally incorporated into our scheme. This emphasizes the viability of our approach. This approach gives a possibility to analyze different cosmological models and compare them with the observable Universe. For example, we indicate some problematic aspects of the spatially flat models. Such models require a rather specific distribution of the inhomogeneities to get a finite potential at any points outside gravitating masses. We also criticize the application of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter solution to the description of the motion of test bodies on the cosmological background.

We investigate a point-like massive source in non-linear f(R) theories in the case of arbitrary number of spatial dimensions D\geq 3. If D>3 then extra dimensions undergo toroidal compactification. We consider a weak-field approximation with Minkowski and de Sitter background solutions. In both these cases point-like massive sources demonstrate good agreement with experimental data only in the case of ordinary three-dimensional (D=3) space. We generalize this result to the case of perfect fluid with dust-like equations of state in the external and internal spaces. This perfect fluid is uniformly smeared over all extra dimensions and enclosed in a three-dimensional sphere. In ordinary three dimensional (D=3) space, our formulas are useful for experimental constraints on parameters of f(R) models.

Readers are advised that an up-to-date discussion of the author's fundamental thesis (’The Idea’), on the origin, operation, and destiny of the World, is now found at the top of the main page under the rubric, Thematic Evolution and Prospect of 'The Idea.'

A substantial part of our work attempts to construct an adequate Theory of the Face. See 'The Soul of Life' (below) and other studies on the page, some of which remain in draft and others merely projected. (Five papers on this difficult subject are planned.)

Progressive and substantial concretion of the thesis has been recently demonstrated through focused studies (2018-2020), whose URLs are conveniently grouped below:

'The Spirit of War'
https://www.academia.edu/36536128/The_Spirit_of_War

'Carlyle and the Idea'
(https://www.academia.edu/37362600/Carlyle_and_the_Idea)

'The Last Day (Illustrated Essay)'
(https://www.academia.edu/41144933/The_Last_Day_Illustrated_Essay_)

'How the German Spirit Died (A History)'
(https://www.academia.edu/41745763/How_the_German_Spirit_Died_A_History_)

'How the Human Spirit Died (Meta-Analysis)'
(https://www.academia.edu/41985864/How_the_Human_Spirit_Died_Meta-Analysis_)

'Three Malefactors of the Communist Idea (Meta-Analytical Note)'
(https://www.academia.edu/42052811/Three_Malefactors_of_the_Communist_Idea_Meta-Analytical_Note_)

Our gradual (and still incomplete) conceptualization of absolute cosmogony, cosmology, and eschatology in its modern (often microphysical) aspects, which has arisen quite organically over several years of detailed study, may be briefly encapsulated and characterized (A-T) for the reader as follows:

A. The Idea is the fundamental reality of the World, whose existence was clearly intuited (as “hypodoche”) by Plato, operationally defined by Boehme (first as “das Rad Gottes” and subsequently as “Eternal Nature”), organically articulated by Hegel (as “the Idea”), and finally discovered to be the locus of proto-being and foundation of living motion by means of 20th century microphysics (and accurately named by it “the color vacuum”). The electron is its projection into the finite. Field theory is its "physical" basis.

B. This definition of “substance” as a completely immaterial and literally infinite, self-related, hebdomadic-triadic system of actuality within the Idea at the fundament or basis of reality constitutes the greatest discovery of the human mind which, before the end of the 21st century, upon full comprehension, will completely revolutionize religion and therefore geopolitics, as well as pedagogy, paleontology, and biophysics.  The seat of the animating principle in organisms can now be described and explained.

C. Briefly, the research for this book involves the cosmology, cosmogony, and eschatology (destiny) of the world as the finite projection of the Eternal Idea. The Idea itself was created by the Triune Absolute Spirit as a finite-infinite field to manifest, reward, and punish moral, aesthetic, and intellectual performances in a Living Matrix.

D. Through the vast and distributed powers of its microphysical basis, the Idea as the created conduit of Absolute Power has autonomously generated a pseudo-history in geology and astronomy. The powers of Light and Darkness guided by Eternal Life deep within the fundament sustain the finite living motion of which we are aware through biology and empower conscious awareness in animals. Biopsychological functioning and all positive intellectual achievement in Mankind have their roots in the Idea.

E. Moreover, though unseen, the silent workings of a vast cosmological Absolute Hebdomad (deduced through study of the Idea in the 17th century) mercifully overarch and limit the Inchoate Life of the Sinister Itself--a Cosmic Disruptor also previously unsuspected that is responsible for the nocturnal Dream Life of animals. Is this a conceptual solution to the mysterious phenomena of telepathy and clairvoyance?

F. Biological and psychic life thus have always been suspended between two great cosmological powers representing a generalized War Between Infinite and Finite Life that began with King Lucifer, and which in its present form continually tests, through Contention, War, and Worldly Contrariety, the whole of Living Being as it follows a tortured and fateful course between Life and Death according to the much-lamented plan chosen by the Mind ("Gemüt") of Adam.

G. Finally, the hidden existence of the Idea necessarily implies a universal negative unity as the ideal origin of all gravitational and inertial phenomena, offering to science a solution at last to storied and continuing, completely beguiling conundrums (e.g., "Dark Matter" and "Dark Energy") involving the ultimate structure of the cosmos.

H. By tracing the Idea's manifold determinations of physical, biological, and psychic being, then, the present study seeks to explicate the final, and heretofore unsuspected, links in the fabled Great Chain of Being for the edification of Mankind. Inherently opposing it, pathetically and even insanely, is guileless materialism.

I. The war of materialism against idealism eventually culminated in the death of the German Spirit (1918). The main intellectual cause of German spiritual morbidity, however, is traceable to events within the Reformation (1517-1546). This did not prevent a period of optimism within Prussian education and science (1800-1840).

J. The theft of Silesia (1946) was an intentionally demoralizing spiritual crime against Germany with major consequences for the spiritual life of the world. The German Spirit's whole turbulent career constituted a vacillation on renunciation of self-will, and this latter always was the essential content of the Absolute Mind in Germany.

K. Germany's fatal spiritual debility can be considered to be a world "contagion" that spread centrifugally from the center of Europe to the whole Human Race which, therefore, is itself now in the throes of an analogous spiritual death, self-contemplation, and deliverance from the finite. The Zero-Hour is imminent.

L. Each of the Six Days (in Moses) is now fundamentally understood to mean a thousand-year period. Thus, Creation has all along been continuous and--after 6,000 years--will soon be completed (the argument proposes a means to confirm or deny the asserted beginning of 3,970 B.C.). Thus, the Day of Rest (for the Community of Heaven) will soon arrive for the self-elect of Mankind.

M. This tortured path was, of course, divinely foreseen but nevertheless represents an accommodative posture which was not at first understood. The Creator's response achieves a wise and just outcome despite the wreck and pain arising from myopic creatural assertion and pathetic gratification, as recounted in the mosaic story of old.

N. In fact, Talmudic commentators reached this conclusion in the 2nd or 3rd century A.D.--amending (in 'Sanhedrin 97a') the original mosaic interpretation of once-and-for-all Creation in favor of Continuous Creation with a clear Limit or End, specified as 6,000 years (each "day of creation," as mentioned above, being 1,000 years).

O. Thus, Moses (properly cogitated) was right but his dicta were for a long period taken wrongly--perforce leading the Christians astray through an accident of church history that remains a stumbling block up to the present day. See the author's 'The Last Day (Illustrated Essay).'

P. We know from modern physics that the "physical" world at the fundament is sustained by completely immaterial field relations that never cease, or else creation-in-process would not maintain itself. The creative motion is mathematically and physically infinite but disguises its own infinity--the chief insight, credited to Dirac, supporting Absolute Physics.

Q. Hence, it is now clear that the Creation--continuous since the beginning--is approaching its End and Goal. The Last Day is thus imminent and will arrive within the present decade, according to the wisest Christian view, this actually having been announced four centuries ago in German idealism.

R. The Eternal Word's role has always been to Shine Divinely (inwardly) in the gloom and darkness of the outward finite (the "Field of the Reprehensible") for salvation's sake (see 'Carlyle and the Idea'). It is this that Jesus of Nazareth spoke of, and it is this his followers embody, when they speak of the "true bread from heaven," etc..

S. This is why Christians can claim that the finalized ("Third") Temple of God is already in existence and is composed of living stones (minus the winnowed Condemned and Damned) whose essence will endure forever in God.

T. Our thesis is only now emerging in its final form. This is because the horizon of knowledge keeps receding as the true depth is revealed--the world is a set of nested dolls and the innermost doll is God, who is unknowably deep (but friendly, since we are Him in disguise when we abandon our finite wills).

The life to Earth came from the Universe: the part is alive due to the Entire, this world is alive thanks to the Whole. The first tribe of our Earth w ere Scythians, people from the Moon; their selenic language was the root to earthly languages — the heart of human language. // Жизнь на Землю пришла из Вселенной: часть Целым жива, мир сей — Всем. Племя первое нашей Земли — Скифы, люди с Луны; их язык, корневой земным — лунная молвь, сердце речи людской.

A self-consistent Einstein-Maxwell model is formulated for the case when motion of the medium is characterized by non-vanishing expansion, acceleration, shear and vorticity. The model is based on a decomposition of the Lagrangian in an irreducible set of invariants, quadratic in the Maxwell tensor and linear in the covariant derivative of the velocity four-vector of the medium as a whole. Modified evolutionary equations are obtained, which describe the influence of irregularity of the medium motion on both the electromagnetic and gravitational fields. dINAMO-OPTIˆESKIE QWLENIQ W TEORII -JN[TEJNA-mAKSWELLA t.'. aLXPIN, a.b. bALAKIN sFORMULIROWANA SAMOSOGLASOWANNAQ MODELX -JN[TEJNA-mAKSWELLA DLQ SLUˆAQ, KOGDA DWIVENIE SREDY HARAK-TERIZUETSQ NENULEWYMI RASTQVENIEM, USKORENIEM, SDWIGOM I WRA]ENIEM. mODELX OSNOWANA NA RAZLOVENII LAGRANVIANA PO NEPRIWODIMOMU NABORU INWARIANTOW, KWADRATIˆNYH PO TENZORU mAKSWELLA I LINEJNYH PO KO-WARIANTNOJ PROIZWODNOJ 4-WEKTORA SKOROSTI SREDY KAK CELOGO. pOLUˆENY "WOL@CIONNYE URAWNENIQ, KOTORYE OPISYWA@T WLIQNIE NERAWNOMERNOSTI DWIVENIQ SREDY KAK NA "LEKTROMAGNITNOE, TAK I NA GRAWITACIONNOE POLE.

In the framework of a cosmological model of the Universe filled with a nonrelativistic particle soup, we easily reproduce inflation due to the quantum potential. The lightest particles in the soup serve as a driving force of this simple, natural and promising mechanism. It is explicitly demonstrated that the appropriate choice of their mass and fraction leads to reasonable numbers of e-folds. Thus, the direct introduction of the quantum potential into cosmology of the earliest Universe gives ample opportunities of successful reconsideration of the modern inflationary theory.

The Hamiltonian formulation of tetrad gravity in any dimension higher than two, using its first-order form where tetrads and spin connections are treated as independent variables, is discussed, and the complete solution of the three-dimensional case is given. For the first time, applying the methods of constrained dynamics, the Hamiltonian and constraints are explicitly derived and the algebra of Poisson brackets among all constraints is calculated. The algebra of Poisson brackets, among first-class secondary constraints, locally coincides with Lie algebra of the ISO(2,1) Poincaré group. All the first-class constraints of this formulation, according to the Dirac conjecture and using the Castellani procedure, allow us to unambiguously derive the generator of gauge transformations and find the gauge transformations of the tetrads and spin connections which turn out to be the same as found by Witten without recourse to the Hamiltonian methods [Nucl. Phys. B 311, 46 (1988)]. The gauge symmetry of the tetrad gravity generated by the Lie algebra of constraints is compared with another invariance, diffeomorphism. Some conclusions about the Hamiltonian formulation in higher dimensions are briefly discussed; in particular, that diffeomorphism invariance is not derivable as a gauge symmetry from the Hamiltonian formulation of tetrad gravity in any dimension where tetrads and spin connections are used as independent variables.

A geometrical explanation of Dark Matter and Dark Energy is easy to develop. It makes testable predictions and is thus completely falsifiable. The theory is based on a macroscopically extended fourth dimension of space, yielding a five-dimensional space-time structure. In this structure, the four-dimensional space-time of relativity is extrinsically curved in the higher spatial dimension. Dark Matter is curvature in the higher dimension that is not directly associated with local matter, but instead a result of the interaction between local matter or curvature and the global curvature due to all matter in the universe. However, criticisms have been leveled that the theory is not mathematical, i.e., there were no algebraic equations to describe the geometrical structure. Indeed, it seemed that no mathematical equations were even suggested by the geometry.  However, a simple algebraic equation that describes and explains the geometry of the four-dimensional structure of space has since been derived by considering the particulate source of the DM halo. Although the algebraic equation appears to be Newtonian, it implies a five-dimensional unification of the gravitational and electromagnetic fields such as that accomplished by Kaluza in 1921 and extended by Einstein and his colleagues in the late 1930s. The new equation also shows how gravity can be quantized on the basis of relativity without hypothesizing the discrete nature of matter, i.e., without the existence of specific ‘particles’ of gravity as is inherent in quantum gravity theories, the Standard  and other quantum models.

Key Words: galactic rotation problem, halo, Dark Matter, CDM, Dark Energy, General Relativity, electromagnetism, Einstein, Kaluza, five-dimensional, fourth dimension, four-dimensional space, space-time, positive curvature, extrinsic curvature, compactification, unification

This work examines a question of a true place of Moon in the whole Universe. Meanwhile the contemporary atheistic per se science considers it as a lifeless Earth adjunct it is actually an axis of the Universe and the throne of God. Being thought as a corpse the Moon is the Life itself. 

Conceptual footholds of the Theory

1. The Subject of the Unified Field Theory is the World (Universe), God’s Creation. It is a Womb of all living, their Wide and the Way to God.
2. God is the Love, Strength of strength; World is this Power as Fetus.
3. The World is Omnes, Absoluteness; this world is relativeness: the clay as the shadow of this Fire, Eternity.
4. The Einstein’s mistake in the attempt to create World Theory is that he created the theory of this world, shadow without the Fire as a moonless darkness.
5. Unity of this world and Other world is given to us by their bracing, the Moon as a face of Creator in this world. The visible world is a wheel on the Axis, Moon; the Axis of the whole World is God.
6. People of the World are intelligent by God Anthropes of this world and Other world as their series, united by the Мoon; the human of the Earth is its part.
7. The World without the God is acephality as viewable by contemporary science; the whole World is the Mystery now. Only the Word, the vessel of both, will reveal it to us. The Cognition is the Love: Word of words, Catcher of souls; the human is lives by it.

*  *  *

СОЗДАНЬЕ ЕДИНОЙ ТЕОРИИ ПОЛЯ — ВОЗВРАТ ДВУХ ЗАБЫТЫХ ЛЮДЬМИ И НАУКОЮ ИХ: ДУШАМ — БОГА, ОЧАМ НАШИМ БРЕННЫМ — ЛУНЫ. В ТОМ РАБОТА МОЯ.

Речь в книге — об истинном месте Луны во Вселенной. В то время как нынешней, Бога не чтящей науке Луна мертвый пленник Земли, людям древним она — мира Ось и Господний престол; трупом мнима, на деле Луна — Жизнь сама.

Проблема созданья Теории Мира, Всего — дух мирской, царь умов в наши дни: зло — не Благо, не Знанье — невежество. Скверный побег не дает добрый плод, лживый рот не щедр Истиной. То — мир сей ныне. Бог, Мира Творец, чтим им праздным глаголом; наука ж его, млат прогресса, не зрит Бога вовсе.

Слуг Розни с моралью двойной звал Христос «ф|АРИС|еи». Науки бессутней творец АРИС|тотель — злой ÁРЕС, АРÉС|т душ — был им: чтивший Бога в речах, он отсек Главу эту от глаз, взяв опорой Всему зримый мир — часть без Целого, бренье без Вечности. Сущая на сем фундаменте как пустоте, дуб без Корня, наука мертва, с тем — бессильна явить Мир нам, чье Колесо в розни с Осью, Творцом, не вертúтся — и, мертвое, тайно для нас. Тайной было оно с тем Эйнштейну: прозреть Абсолютность — Мир Вечность — не смог он, зря лишь относительность: бренный сей мир, Мира тень.

Зная то, Миру я возвращаю Творца: Колесу — Ось его. То — возврат очей от Сатаны, Розни, к Богу, Единому, от Аристотеля — к корню без порчи, Платону, целящий в очах горний ток — реку Знанья разъятую. Столп ее цельной — Луна, Ось очей и трон Бога. Мнясь мертвым придатком Земли, в очах горних она — Мать ее: САТ|еллит как SAT, Истина (санскр.), сущих Жизнь. Бренных глаз дыра, в вечных Луна — Огнь-Любовь, главный нам, точка сборки Всего: в небе — Центр его, в оке — зрачок. Знать Луну, Корень, нам — ведать всё.

Жизнь — Вселенная, Мир: Божье Целое как Состав наш, Корень древ сущих, капль Океан. В своем «Логико-философском трактате» Людвиг Витгенштейн говорит о Вселенной и языке людей, данном им Богом к Познанью, как паре единых, в которой логическая структура языка тождественна онтологической структуре Мира. С тем, Речь — видность Мира и Мир сам: от Бога, Истока, Река, Суть РЕКУ|щих; из Мира составлены, Речью составлены мы. О том сказано: «Смерть и жизнь — во власти языка, и любящие его вкусят от плодов его» (Прит. 18:21).

В речи — Мир, Предмет главный наш; речь — и есть Мир. С тем, попытки созданья Единой теории Поля — Вселенной, Простора очей и Стези душ к Творцу — тщетны в физике, знании т|РУП|ном: Природе, безглавой трудом Аристотеля, форме (санскр. РУП|а) бессутней. Теории сей Оплот — Речь: Мир в устах, Полнота.

Опорные пункты Теории

1. Единой теории Поля Предмет — Мир (Вселенная), Бога Дитя: Лоно сущих, Простор их и к Богу Стезя.
2. Бог — Любовь, Сила сил сущих; Мир — Сила эта как Плод.
3. Мир есть Всё, Абсолютность; мир сей — относительность:  бренье как Вечности — Мира, Огня — тень.
4. Ошибка Эйнштейна: Теорию Мира взыскуя, явил он труд мира сего: без Огня тени как тьмы безлунной.
5. Единство Сего и Того, Мир, дано нам их скрепой, Луною как ликом Творца в мире сем. Зримый мир — колесо на Оси, Луне; Ось Мира полного — Бог.
6. Люди Мира — разумные Богом Антропы Сего и Того как ряд их, Луной цельный; Земли человек — часть его.
7. Мир без Бога, науки дней новых кумир — безголов; цельный Мир — ныне Тайна. Лишь Слово, сосуд Всего, явит его нам. Познанье — Любовь: С|ЛОВ|о слов, душ LOV|E’ц, коим жив че’LOVE’к.

We calculate the present expansion of our Universe endowed with relict colored objects - quarks and gluons - that survived hadronization either as isolated islands of quark-gluon "nuggets", or spread uniformly in the Universe. In the first scenario, the QNs can play the role of dark matter. In the second scenario, we demonstrate that uniform colored objects can play the role of dark energy providing the late-time accelerating expansion of the Universe.

This letter points out that the values of `critical-acceleration' of MOND, and the `accelerated-expansion' of the universe are just two of the fourteen strikingly equal values of accelerations recurring in different physical situations. Some of them could be explained by a new law of equality of potential-energy and energy-of-mass of reasonably-independent systems (Tank in Astrophys. Space Sci. 330:203-205, 2010; Tank in Adv. Stud. Theor. Phys. 5:45-55, 2011). This new conservation-law, of equality of potential-energy, energy-of-mass and `kinetic-energy' may be a clue to understand MOND, and the `accelerated-expansion' of the universe. Alternative expressions for the cosmological red-shift, the `critical-acceleration' of MOND and Newton's law of universal gravitation are also presented for comparison of three different accelerations.

In this paper we study scalar perturbations of the metric for nonlinear $f(R)$ models. We consider the Universe at the late stage of its evolution and deep inside the cell of uniformity. We investigate the astrophysical approach in the case of Minkowski spacetime background and two cases in the cosmological approach, the large scalaron mass approximation and the quasi-static approximation, getting explicit expressions for scalar perturbations for both these cases. In the most interesting quasi-static approximation, the scalar perturbation functions depend on both the nonlinearity function $f(R)$ and the scale factor $a$. Hence, we can study the dynamical behavior of the inhomogeneities (e.g., galaxies and dwarf galaxies) including into consideration their gravitational attraction and the cosmological expansion, and also taking into account the effects of nonlinearity. Our investigation is valid for functions $f(R)$ which have stable de Sitter points in future with respect to the present time, that is typical for the most popular $f(R)$ models.

A static three-parameter family of solutions of the coupled Einstein-Maxwell equations on the background of spheriodal space-times is obtained, and its suitability for describing the interior space-time of a charged superdense fluid sphere in equilibrium is discussed. wNUTRENNQQ METRIKA rAJSNERA-nORDSTREMA W SFEROIDALXNYH PROSTRANSTWAH r. tIKEKAR, g.p. sINGH pOLUˆENO TREHPARAMETRIˆESKOE SEMEJSTWO STATIˆESKIH RE[ENIJ URAWNENIJ -JN[TEJNA-mAKSWELLA W SFEROI-DALXNOM PROSTRANSTWE-WREMENI. oBSUVDAETSQ EGO PRIGODNOSTX DLQ OPISANIQ WNUTRENNEJ OBLASTI RAWNOWESNOJ SWERHPLOTNOJ ZARQVENNOJ VIDKOJ SFERY.

This paper is devoted to different modifications of two standard softenings of the gravitational attraction (namely the Plummer and Hernquist softenings), which are commonly used in cosmological simulations based on the particle-particle (PP) method, and their comparison. It is demonstrated that some of the proposed alternatives lead to almost the same accuracy as in the case of the pure Newtonian interaction, even despite the fact that the force resolution is allowed to equal half the minimum interparticle distance. The revealed way of precision improvement gives an opportunity to succeed in solving Gurzadyan's Problem 5 and bring modern computer codes up to a higher standard.

We review aspects of quantisation of the 11-dimensional supermembrane world volume theory. We explicitly construct vertex operators for the massless states and study interactions of supermembranes. The open supermembrane and its vertex operators are discussed. We show how our results have direct applications to Matrix theory by appropriate regularisation of the supermembrane.

We obtain the equations of motions of the f (T ) theory considering the Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi's metric for a set of diagonal and non-diagonal tetrads. In the case of diagonal tetrads the equations of motion of the f (T ) theory impose a constant torsion or the same equations of the General Relativity, while in the case of non-diagonal set the equations are quite different from that obtained in GR. We show a simple example of an universe dominated by the 1 arXiv:1205.0565v3 [gr-qc] 10 Dec 2012 matter for the two cases. The comparison of the mass in the non-diagonal case shows a sort of increased with respect to the diagonal one. We also perform two examples for the nondiagonal case. The first concerns a black hole solution of type Sshwarzschild which presents a temperature higher than that of Schwarzschild, and a black hole in a dust-dominated universe.

The Hawking effect and the Unruh effect are two of the most important predictions in the theoretical physics of the last quarter of the 20th century. In parallel to the theoretical investigations there is great interest in the possibility of revealing effects of this type in some sort of experiments. I present a general discussion of the proposals to measure the Hawking and Unruh effects and/or their `analogues' in the laboratory, and I make brief comments on each of them. The reader may also find the various physical pictures corresponding to the two effects which were applied to more common phenomena, and vice versa

In Kaluza-Klein models with an arbitrary number of toroidal internal spaces, we investigate soliton solutions which describe the gravitational field of a massive compact object. We single out the physically interesting solution corresponding to a point-like mass. For the general solution we obtain equations of state in the external and internal spaces. These equations demonstrate that the point-like mass soliton has dust-like equations of state in all spaces. We also obtain the PPN parameters, which give the possibility to obtain the formulas for perihelion shift, deflection of light and time delay of radar echoes. Additionally, the gravitational experiments lead to a strong restriction on the parameter of the model: τ = -(2.1± 2.3)× 10^-5. The point-like mass solution contradicts this restriction. The condition τ=0 satisfies the experimental limitation and defines a new class of solutions which are indistinguishable from general relativity. We call such solutions latent solitons. B...

Some recent experiments on cavitation of water by ultrasounds and on electric explosion of foils in liquids seem to provide evidence for nuclear processes induced by pressure waves (piezonuclear reactions). We hypothesize that such a kind of mechanism can be effective in stellar nucleosynthesis of both light and heavy nuclei.

We review a possible non-minimal coupling (dilatonic) of a scalar field (axion like particle) to electromagnetism, through experimental and observational constraints. Such a coupling is motivated from recent quasar spectrum observations that indicate a possible spatial and/or temporal variation of the fine-structure constant. We consider a dilatonic coupling of the form B_F (ϕ) = 1 + gϕ. The strongest bound on the coupling parameter g is derived from weak equivalence principle tests, which impose g < 1.6 × 10^-17GeV^-1. This constraint is strong enough to rule out this class of models as a cause for an observable cosmological variation of the fine structure constant unless a chameleon mechanism is implemented. Also, we argue that a similar coupling occurs in chameleon cosmology, another candidate dark mater particle and we estimate the cosmological consequences by both effects. It should be clarified that this class of models is not necessarily ruled out in the presence of a cham...

A self-consistent system of interaction nonlinear spinor and scalar fields within the scope of a BI cosmological model filled with perfect fluid is considered. The role of spinor field in the evolution of the Universe is studied. It is shown that the spinor field nonlinearity can generate a negative effective pressure, which can be seen as an alternative source for late time acceleration of the Universe.

Some recent papers have claimed the existence of static, spherically symmetric wormhole solutions to gravitational field equations in the absence of ghost (or phantom) degrees of freedom. We show that in some such cases the solutions in question are actually not of wormhole nature while in cases where a wormhole is obtained, the effective gravitational constant G eff is negative in some region of space, i.e., the graviton becomes a ghost. In particular, it is confirmed that there are no vacuum wormhole solutions of the Brans-Dicke theory with zero potential and the coupling constant ω > −3/2 , except for the case ω = 0 ; in the latter case, G eff < 0 in the region beyond the throat. The same is true for wormhole solutions of F (R) gravity: special wormhole solutions are only possible if F (R) contains an extremum at which G eff changes its sign.

We discuss the weak-field limit of induced gravity and show that results directly depend on the coupling and self-interaction potential of the scalar field. A static spherically symmetric exact solution is found and its conformal properties are studied. As an application, it is shown that the light deflection angle and the microlensing quantities can be parametrized by the coupling of the theory.

The problem of general-relativistic adiabatic collapse of a uniform-density perfect sphere has been studied since Wyman (Phys. Rev. 70, 396, (1946)) [1]. Apparently, there could be bouncing and oscillating solutions in such a case, as claimed by numerous authors since then. Consequently, various authors invoked such models for explaining pulsations of compact objects. However, here, for this age-old problem, we prove that for an assumed nonstatic adiabatically evolving sphere, density homogeneity implies (isotropic) pressure homogeneity too. This proof is based on the simple fact that in general relativity (GR), given one time coordinate t, one can employ another time coordinate t → t * = f (t) without any loss of generality. Since this proof does not use any exterior boundary condition, it is valid in a cosmological scenario too. However, here we focus on the evolution of an isolated sphere having a boundary. And the proof obtained here shows that a uniform-density perfect fluid collapse can occur only if the (isotropic) pressure is p = 0, i.e., only when the problem is reduced to the one treated by Oppenheimer and Snyder. For such an isolated sphere, we offer a supporting proof. This result is important and nontrivial because in the past 65 years innumerable authors working on this problem failed to see that the collapse of a supposed homogeneous sphere is (actually) synonymous to the old Oppenheimer-Snyder problem.

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A connected discussion of Absolute Physics and modern cosmology emphasizing gravitation and inertia, with concluding remarks on the rageful “spiritus mundi” that is said to stalk the World.

In this paper we will illustrate how to constrain unavoidable K\"ahler corrections for ${\cal N}=1$ supergravity (SUGRA)
inflation from the recent Planck data. We will show that non-renormalizable K\"ahler  operators will induce in general {\it non-minimal kinetic} term for the inflaton field,
and two types of SUGRA corrections in the potential - the {\it Hubble-induced mass} ($c_{H}$), and the {\it Hubble-induced A-term} ($a_{H}$) correction.
The entire SUGRA inflationary framework can now be constrained from (i) {\it speed of sound}, $c_s$, and (ii) from the upper bound on the {\it tensor to scalar ratio}, $r_{\star}$.
We will illustrate this by considering  a heavy scalar degree of freedom at a scale, $M_s$, and a  light inflationary field which is responsible for a slow-roll inflation. We will compute
the corrections to the kinetic term and the potential explicitly. As an example we will consider a visible sector inflationary model of inflation where inflation occurs at the point
of {\it inflection}, which can match
the density perturbations for the cosmic microwave background radiation, and also explain why the universe is filled with the Standard Model degrees of freedom.
We will scan the parameter space  of non-renormalizable K\"ahler operators, which we find them to be order ${\cal O}(1)$, as expected from physical arguments.
While the scale of heavy physics is found to be bounded by the tensor-to scalar ratio and the speed of sound, this high
scale  comes out to be varying within a range, $ {\cal O}(10^{11}\leq M_s\leq 10^{16})$~GeV, for the speed of sound varying from $0.02\leq c_s\leq 1$, and tensor to scalar
ratio varying from $10^{-22} \leq r_{\star} \leq 0.12$.

Self-consistent solutions to the spinor, scalar and BI gravitational field equations are obtained. The problems of initial singularity and asymptotically isotropization process of the initially anisotropic space-time are studied. It is also shown that the introduction of the Cosmological constant (Λ-term) in the Lagrangian generates oscillations of the BI model, which is not the case in absence of Λ term.

We investigate the classical gravitational tests for the six-dimensional Kaluza-Klein model with spherical (of a radius a) compactification of the internal space. The model contains also a bare multidimensional cosmological constant Λ6. The matter, which corresponds to this ansatz, can be simulated by a perfect fluid with the vacuum equation of state in the external space and an arbitrary equation of state with the parameter ω1 in the internal space. For example, ω1 = 1 and ω1 = 2 correspond to the monopole two-forms and the Casimir effect, respectively. In the particular case Λ6 = 0, the parameter ω1 is also absent: ω1 = 0. In the weak-field approximation, we perturb the background ansatz by a point-like mass. We demonstrate that in the case ω1 > 0 the perturbed metric coefficients have the Yukawa type corrections with respect to the usual Newtonian gravitational potential. The inverse square law experiments restrict the parameters of the model: a/ √ ω1 6 × 10 −3 cm. Therefore, in the Solar system the parameterized post-Newtonian parameter γ is equal to 1 with very high accuracy. Thus, our model satisfies the gravitational experiments (the deflection of light and the time delay of radar echoes) at the same level of accuracy as General Relativity. We demonstrate also that our background matter provides the stable compactification of the internal space in the case ω1 > 0. However, if ω1 = 0, then the parameterized post-Newtonian parameter γ = 1/3, which strongly contradicts the observations.

Scalar cosmological perturbations are investigated in the framework of a model with interacting dark energy and dark matter. In addition to these constituents, the inhomogeneous Universe is supposed to be filled with the standard noninteracting constituents corresponding to the conventional $\Lambda$CDM model. The interaction term is chosen in the form of a linear combination of dark sector energy densities with evolving coefficients. The methods of discrete cosmology are applied, and strong theoretical constraints on the parameters of the model are derived. A brief comparison with observational data is performed.

The problem of creation of Unitary Field theory, or the Theory of Everything, which the Einstein was so eager to solve by means of physics, remained unsolved since it is solvable only by means of the Word: because the Word, according to Bible — is the God and «the God has»: Universe, His Child. This particular solution is given by the linguistic work about the Existing, offered by me to you and based on the Pressing method, the founder of which is Dionysus (Bacchus) — the ancient's god of the Word, Moon and Wine. // Познать Мир, Божий Храм - есть познать Слово нам. Слово - это Луна.

We extend the Einstein-Maxwell-axion theory including into the Lagrangian cross-terms of the dynamo-optical type, which are quadratic in the Maxwell tensor, linear in the covariant derivative of the macroscopic velocity four-vector, and linear in the pseudoscalar (axion) field or its gradient four-vector. We classify the new terms with respect to irreducible elements of the covariant derivative of the macroscopic velocity four-vector of the electromagnetically active medium: the expansion scalar, acceleration four-vector, shear and vorticity tensors. Master equations of the extended axion electrodynamics are used for the description of the response of an axionically active electrodynamic system, induced by a pp-wave gravitational background. We show that this response has a critical character, i.e., the electric and magnetic fields, dynamo-optically coupled to the axions, grow anomalously under the influence of the external pp-wave gravitational field. * Electronic address: [email protected] † Electronic address: [email protected]

The structure of classical spinning particle based on the Kerr-Newman black hole (BH) solution is investigated. For large angular momentum, |a| >> m, the BH horizons disappear exposing a naked ringlike source which is a circular relativistic string. It was shown recently that electromagnetic excitations of this string lead to the appearance of an extra axial stringy system which consists of two half-infinite strings of opposite chirality. In this paper we consider the relation of this stringy system to the Dirac equation.

Properties of the rotating Kerr-Newman black hole solution allow to relate it with spinning particles. Singularity of black hole (BH) can be regularized by a metric deformation. In this case, as a consequence of the Einstein equations, a material source appears in the form of a relativistically rotating superconducting disk which replaces the former singular region. We show a relation of the BH regularization with confinement formation. By regularization, a phase transition occurs near the core of a charged black hole solution: from external electrovacuum to an internal superconducting state of matter. We discuss two models of such a kind, which demonstrate the appearance of a baglike structure and a mechanism of confinement based on dual Dirac&#39;s electrodynamics. First one is an approximate solution based on a supersymmetric charged domain wall, and second is an exact solution based on nonlinear electrodynamics.

We show that in imaginary time quantum metric fluctuations of empty space form a self-consistent de Sitter gravitational instanton that can be thought of as describing tunneling from "nothing" into de Sitter space of real time (no cosmological constant or scalar fields are needed). For the first time, this mechanism is activated to give birth to a flat inflationary Universe. For the second time, it is turned on to complete the cosmological evolution after the energy density of matter drops below the threshold (the energy density of instantons). A cosmological expansion with dark energy takes over after the scale factor exceeds this threshold, which marks the birth of dark energy at a redshift 1 + z ≈ 1.3 and provides a possible solution to the "coincidence problem". The number of gravitons which tunneled into the Universe must be of the order of 10 122 to create the observed value of the Hubble constant. This number has nothing to do with vacuum energy, which is a possible solution to the "old cosmological constant problem". The emptying Universe should possibly complete its evolution by tunneling back to "nothing". After that, the entire scenario is repeated, and it can happen endlessly.

We investigate the family of electrostatic spherically symmetric solutions of the five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory. Both charged and neutral cases are considered. The analysis of the solutions, through their geometrical properties, reveals the existence of black holes, wormholes and naked singularities. A new class of regular solutions is identified. A monopole perturbation study of all these solutions is carried out, enabling

Matter engenders a Modified Newtonian Gravitational Potential (MNGP) that has a singularity at a two Normalized Spatial Unit (NSU) distance with a modified gravitational field constant in distance > 2 NSU region, and a saturated potential for distance < 2 NSU region. In Cartesian coordinates, a reference object (RO) resides at origin and a test object (TO) resides on the positive region of the X-axis, the interaction energy between the MNGP of the RO in the X>0 region and the X<0 region with the MNGP of the TO is different; This interaction energy imbalance results an E-space Inter-Domain Interaction potential (EIDIP), a scalar potential. An E-space Inter-Domain Interaction Potential (EIDIP) application models is based on the EIDIP function. Ten EIDIP application models are summarized in this paper with Matlab models simulations and empirical data/figures comparisons. These EIDIP application models cover from elementary particle scale (nuclear binding energy, nuclear charge radius, nucleon-nucleon potential, strong interaction-asymptotic freedom and color confinement, Bohr radius and short range inter-atomic force) to human scale (the Newtonian gravitational interaction and the near earth fly-by anomaly) and astronomical scale (the Pioneer spacecraft 10/11 speed anomaly and the Milky Way rotation curve anomaly). A list of null hypothesis testing node (NHTN), extracted from these EIDIP application model empirical data comparison results, indicates that the EIDIP has 5+ sigma confidence level potential. The EIDIP function, along with the explanatory EIDIP model, could be the missing blocks in completing the Unified theory.