Cosmological Phase Transition

"Elementary Arithmetic in Base 7" presents a novel framework that integrates numerical systems with color representation through a unique chromatic approach based on cyclic orders. The concept revolves around the relationship between different numerical bases and their visual representations, specifically focusing on Base 7. The paper explores the mathematical properties of cyclic numbers, monotonic functions, and their implications for establishing a harmonic system that maps numbers to colors in a structured way, thereby creating a cohesive language for sounds, colors, and numbers. For more information see the following link: https://pdpseven.wixsite.com/sound-color.
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CHROMOSCALE presents a novel framework that integrates numerical systems with color representation through a unique chromatic approach based on cyclic orders. The concept revolves around the relationship between different numerical bases and their visual representations, specifically focusing on Base 7. The paper explores the mathematical properties of cyclic numbers, monotonic functions, and their implications for establishing a harmonic system that maps numbers to colors in a structured way, thereby creating a cohesive language for sounds, colors, and numbers.

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IT'S HERE NOW!!! 
IT’S GOING TO BE REAL STRANGE.  PEOPLE MUST NOT BE AFRAID, IN FACT, ALL PEOPLE NEED TO BE REAL HAPPY ABOUT THIS EVENT AND BE READY TO GET OUTSIDE. GROUNDED.  THIS IS MEANT TO CLEAN ALL OF THE POLLUTION AND PROBABLY EVEN THE RADIATION FROM THE PLANET.

SOLID EVIDENCE OF THE INCOMING WAVE

It is shown how w∞, w1+∞ Gauge Field Theory actions in 2D emerge directly from 4D Gravity. Strings and Membranes actions in 2D and 3D originate as well from 4D Einstein Gravity after recurring to the nonlinear connection formalism of Lagrange-Finsler and Hamilton-Cartan spaces. Quantum Gravity in 3D can be described by a W∞ Matrix Model in D = 1 that can be solved exactly via the Collective Field Theory method. We describe why a quantization of 4D Gravity could be attained via a 2D Quantum W∞ gauge theory coupled to an infinite-component scalar-multiplet. A proof that non-critical W∞ (super) strings are devoid of BRST anomalies in dimensions D = 27 (D = 11), respectively, follows and which coincide with the critical (super) membrane dimensions D = 27 (D = 11). We establish the correspondence between the states associated with the quasi finite highest weights irreducible representations of W∞,W∞ algebras and the quantum states of the continuous Toda molecule. Schroedinger-like QM wave functional equations are derived and solutions are found in the zeroth order approximation. Since higher-conformal spin W∞ symmetries are very relevant in the study of 2D W∞ Gravity, the Quantum Hall effect, large N QCD, strings, membranes, ...... it is warranted to explore further the interplay among all these theories.

Starting with a review of the Extended Relativity Theory in Clifford-Spaces, and the physical motivation behind this novel theory, we provide the generalization of the nonrelativistic Supersymmetric pointparticle action in Clifford-space backgrounds. The relativistic Supersymmetric Clifford particle action is constructed that is invariant under generalized supersymmetric transformations of the Clifford-space background's polyvector-valued coordinates. To finalize, the Polyvector Super-Poincare and M, F theory superalgebras, in D = 11, 12 dimensions, respectively, are discussed followed by our final analysis of the novel Clifford-Superspace realizations of generalized Supersymmetries in Clifford spaces.

The formation of customary international law has long been criticized for its lack of a clear methodology, characterized by an ambivalent relationship with state consent. Although customary international law seems to be entirely a creature of state consent, after all it is based on actual practice, in reality the fit with state consent is loose at best. Customary international law only awkwardly bridges the gap between a descriptive and prescriptive norm. Unable to move forward, the study of the formation of customary international law appears to have largely reached an impasse. Yet, states still appear to support and apply customary international law as a source of law, so we are faced with the situation of embracing a source of law that we do not understand well and where the applicable law is often vague.

This article is an attempt to bring into international law a perspective from the hard and soft sciences for discussing the formation of customary international law, specifically the study of critical mass in collective group behavior. This language is not entirely new to discussions on customary international law. Where it has been mentioned, the implications of critical mass theory have not been fully explored. Critical mass can be a loose concept to simply describe the accumulation of small actions that result in large shifts in collective behavior; however, it is also an empirically-based scientific study that attempts to assess how those changes come about. This article seeks to delve more deeply into critical mass and apply the insights from this study to the formation of customary international law.

Following a very brief introduction with background on customary international law, the paper will describe how the social sciences have embraced the critical mass theoretical perspective in the study of collective decision-making. Three primary elements of social change will be identified: (1) the importance of the content of the norm, (2) the role of influence through networks, and (3) the role of key individuals, “opinion leaders” and “opinion diffusors”.

Following this review of the science, the author will draw some implications for customary international law. In particular, the author will re-characterize three major discussions within customary international law into the three key factors of critical mass. The first discussion is that over the qualitative assessment of norms. The second is the growing influence of networks either as transnational governance or international organization rule-making. The final discussion is a proposal to understand the role of the “specially interested” state as a norm entrepreneur. The paper will conclude that study of critical mass can contribute to a better, and more formal, methodology for understanding customary international law.

The so called gamma metric corresponds to a two-parameter family of axially symmetric, static solutions of Einstein's equations found by Bach. It contains the Schwarzschild solution for a particular value of one of the parameters, that rules a deviation from spherical symmetry.It is shown that there is invariantly definable singular behaviour beyond the one displayed by the Kretschmann scalar when a unique, hypersurface orthogonal, timelike Killing vector exists. In this case, a particle can be defined to be at rest when its world-line is a corresponding Killing orbit. The norm of the acceleration on such an orbit proves to be singular not only for metrics that deviate from Schwarzschild's metric, but also on approaching the horizon of Schwarzschild metric itself, in contrast to the discontinuous behaviour of the curvature scalar.

This book written after watching the mathematical manipulations to improve the Quantum Mechanics QM into Quantum Field Theory QFT. Many mathematics technique introduced by Dirac and others and achieved astonishing results that could get us deeply in cosmology understanding. But unfortunately after this beautiful statue QFT failed to explain many physical phenomena like:
• Cosmos origin and fate (despite of the existence of many explanations).
• Einstein cosmological constant.
• Dark matter.
• High value of the dark energy.
• Universe acceleration.
• Why just these sets of quarks and leptons are exist?
• Why just 4 fundamental forces are exist?
• The mass as general.
• Correlation with the General Relativity.
• What is the quantum world, and why it acts like that?
• And many other question.
So I thought to introduce an alternative theory, that stands on general relativity basics and adopts the QM concepts, so I introduced Ali’s Theory for Cosmos’s Structure and Behavior.
This book discusses the mathematical manipulations for QFT to implement it on Ali’s theory which postulates the existence of the Two Dimensional 2D universe as the a previous of our universe and inside it( ). So I discussed these mathematics begin with the Dirac Delta Function to relate it to the 2D. Dirac delta function, that function which has huge abilities to describe physical aspects from mathematical point of view and powerful to connect between dimensions.
This book begins with a brief overview of the QM then definitions and some properties of the delta function, then on third chapter it introduces the relationships between my theory and the delta function and relates all that with the existence of the 2D universe with giving a numerical example via applying to the Thompson scattering with giving some exciting discussion.
Finally I gave a postulation about gravitational wave shakes the masses through certain way when it traveling on the boundaries between the 2D and 4D, and I gave an example with the last discovery about measurement of these waves.
Next book (19th Episode), Insha’Allah, I will introduce Super Symmetry and the idea of manipulating the Internal and Space Symmetry Groups together simultaneity to deal with Quantum Gravity and that because you will see here in this book the influence of Lorentz symmetry breaking on QFT and specially Deric delta function alongside with potential symmetry breaking to give quarks masses..
I hope this book be fruitful to all scientists over all the world.

This paper is about demonstration a connections between my theory and Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) theory about find a relationship between galaxy rotation and the existence of the dark matter. For the demonstrations of this paper and the figures are borrowed from Dr. Stacy McGaugh works( ). I gave a brief explanations about this theory and through using his figures I proved my theory.
In this article I reached to conclusions in the cause of rotation motion of galaxies and all objects is the interaction between 2D and 4D that resulted from masses and its gravity, also my theory dealt with the dark matter in clear way through connects it with this this interaction. Beside my theory defined the constant acceleration that caused the deviations from Newtonian laws for rotation motion. A top of all that my theory was able to relate all that with the total universe’s energy or what so called the vacuum energy. Finally my theory was able to demonstrate assumption for the reason of unification of the electromagnetism and the weak forces in one force which is electroweak force that controls the reactions inside atomic nucleus.

This book is a completion of the thought that came to my mind recently about the changing the mathematical derivations by using it respect to the mass (M) instead of radius() and time() :
I began with these equations which represent a universe of 2D :
U= c2r2GM-112e c2r2GMsinh c3t4GM
V= c2r2GM-112e c2r2GMcosh c3t4GM
And I get the main equation:
U-V2=- c4r22G2M3ec2rGM
The result carries most of Ali’s theory features like: De Sitter space, exponential energy patterns, strange momentum, symmetry breaking and emerging of dimensions and masses, and Ali’s law for space symmetry, and a top of that, the second power of the U-V and the minus sign that represents a multiplying of imaginary number (i). Until now I don’t know the usefulness of these different results except the relation between this equation with recognized equations that uses imaginary numbers like Schrodinger’s and Dirac and else other, but I will know because I followed my steps that I did for time and radius.
Here in this book I had dealt with mass which is causes time dilation, so I expected we will meet a freak factor when I deal with momentum as like the previous books. So there is something of this factor:
PM,  '=mc*r2c532G3M5/2
PM,  '=mc*factor
factor=r2c532G3M5/2=mass1/2*timedistance2
And here, first of all, I found that the space and its dimensions act as a freak field that has mass term, that mass term is the causes of the interactions with other objects’ masses (see the units of the above equation), so Special Relativity, GTR, Quantum Mechanics, and all observations that detect the interactions between space and matter originate from this term. Besides, this term has reciprocal proportion with (M) on the equation so within high field of large masses we can expect what is going on Black Holes’ Event of Horizon, and I did some predictions(). Also this term leads us to get some recognition about the concept of Ether because as I said our field has some kind of mass so that means Newtonian Ether could sniffed here.
In this book I used the comparison between the two other books (25th, 26th) as I sad and during that I reached to conclusion that there is not one de sitter space specific to time dimension despite of the huge agreements with experiments and observations, but there are two other space: one specialized to radius and the other to the mass (M). These three components of de sitter spaces represent the asymmetry on radius and mass due to interactions between de sitter space and Einstein’s space to define our universe.
I am sure in future there will be many explorations and discoveries that agreed with the results of this book.
#Ali_Yousif_Hassan_Edriss

We introduce a model of potential driven DBI Galileon inflation in background N=1,D=4 SUGRA. Starting from D4-$\bar{D4}$ brane-antibrane in the bulk N=2,D=5 SUGRA including quadratic Gauss-Bonnet corrections, we derive an effective N=1,D=4 SUGRA by dimensional reduction, that results in a Coleman-Weinberg type Galileon potential. We employ this potential in modeling inflation and in subsequent study of primordial quantum fluctuations for scalar and tensor modes. Further, we estimate the major observable parameters in both de Sitter (DS) and beyond de Sitter (BDS) limits and confront them with recent observational data from WMAP7 by using the publicly available code CAMB.

Starting with the usual definitions of octonions, an attempt has been made to establish the relations between octonion basis elements and Gell-Mann λ matrices of SU (3) symmetry on comparing the multiplication tables for Gell-Mann λ matrices of SU (3) symmetry and octonion basis elements.

The effect of Manganese (Mn) addition on the Vickers hardness and relative density of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) dense bodies were studied. The starting Mn doped HA powders was synthesized via sol-gel method with Mn concentration varies from 2 mol% up to 15 mol% Mn. The Mn doped HA disc samples were prepared by uniaxial pressing at 200MPa and subsequently sintered at 1300 degrees C. Characterization was carried out where appropriate to determine the phases present, bulk density, Vickers hardness of the various content of Mn doped HA dense bodies. The addition of Mn was observed to influence the color appearance of the powders and dense bodies as well. Higher Mn concentration resulted in dark grey powders. It was also found that the hardness and relative density of the material increased as the Mn content increased and influenced by the crystallinity of the prepared Mn doped HA powders.

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This paper presents the findings of a study on solidification/stabilization (S/S) of lead-contaminated soil using ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and rice husk ash (RHA). The effects of varying lead concentrations (in the form of nitrates) in soil samples on the physical properties of their stabilized forms, namely unconfined compressive strength (UCS), setting times of early mixtures and changes in crystalline phases as well as chemical properties such as leachability of lead, pH and alkalinity of leachates are studied. Results have indicated that usage of OPC with RHA as an overall binder system for S/S of lead-contaminated soils is more favorable in reducing the leachability of lead from the treated samples than a binder system with standalone OPC. On the other hand, partial replacement of OPC with RHA in the binder system has reduced the UCS of solidified samples.

We calculate the present expansion of our Universe endowed with relict colored objects - quarks and gluons - that survived hadronization either as isolated islands of quark-gluon "nuggets", or spread uniformly in the Universe. In the first scenario, the QNs can play the role of dark matter. In the second scenario, we demonstrate that uniform colored objects can play the role of dark energy providing the late-time accelerating expansion of the Universe.

It is shown how Weyl's geometry and Mach's Holographic principle furnishes both the magnitude and sign (towards the sun) of the Pioneer anomalous acceleration aP ∼ -c 2 /R Hubble firstly observed by Anderson et al. Weyl's Geometry can account for both the origins and the value of the observed vacuum energy density (dark energy). The source of dark energy is just the dilaton-like Jordan-Brans-Dicke scalar field that is required to implement Weyl invariance of the most simple of all possible actions. A nonvanishing value of the vacuum energy density of the order of 10 -123 M 4 P lanck is found consistent with observations. Weyl's geometry accounts also for the phantom scalar field in modern Cosmology in a very natural fashion.

We attempt to reconcile seemingly conflicting experimental results on the Higgs boson mass, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, null results in search for supersymmetry at the LHC within the 8 TeV data and results from B-physics, all within the context of supersymmetric grand unified theories. Specifically, we consider a supergravity grand unification model with non-universal gaugino masses where we take the SU(3)C gaugino field to be much heavier than the other gaugino and sfermion fields at the unification scale. This construction naturally leads to a large mass splitting between the slepton and squark masses, due to the mass splitting between the electroweak gauginos and the gluino. The heavy Higgs bosons and Higgsinos also follow the gluino toward large masses. We carry out a Bayesian Monte Carlo analysis of the parametric space and find that it can simultaneously explain the large Higgs mass, and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, while producing a negligible correction to the Standard Model prediction for Br(B0s→μ+μ−). We also find that the model leads to an excess in the Higgs diphoton decay rate. A brief discussion of the possibility of detection of the light particles is given. Also discussed are the implications of the model for dark matter.

ii Preface Lately, after ∼ 50 years, there seems to be a convergence in the languages used to describe Quantum Field Theory and String Theory, such that it seems possible to relate objects from these two perspectives. Therefore, a deeper investigation of the properties and features of QFT is a reasonable thing to do: non-perturbative effects, dualities, emergent properties, non-commutative structures, etc. This particular line of research uses Symmetry Breaking in order to probe a few of the different topics mentioned above, i.e., Symmetry Breaking is used as an "underlying principle", bringing different features of QFT to the foreground. However, the understanding of Symmetry Breaking that is used here is quite different from what is done in the mainstream: Symmetry Breaking is understood as the solution set of a given QFT, its vacuum manifold, or, more modernly, its Moduli Space. Distinct solutions correspond to different sectors, phases, of the theory, which are nothing but distinct foliations of the vacuum manifold, or points in the Moduli Space (for all possible values of the parameters of the theory). Under this framework, three different problems will be attacked: "Mollifying QFT", "Topological Transitions and Geometric Langlands Duality" and "Three-dimensional Gravity and its Phase Transitions". The first makes use of the Moduli Space of the theory in order to construct an appropriate mollification of it, rendering it viable to simulate a QFT in Lorentzian spaces, tackling the "sign problem" heads-on. The connections with Lee-Yang zeros and Stokes Phenomena will be made clear. The second will show that each different phase has its own topology which can be used as Superselection Rule; moreover, the Euler Characteristic of each phase gives it quantization condition. The mechanism via which several dualities work will also be elucidated. The last one will generalize a 0-dimensional QFT, via dimensional construction through its D-Module, and conjecture several connections between the Lie-algebra-valued extension of the Airy function and the recent Partition Function found for three-dimensional gravity with a negative cosmological constant. These three problems, put together, should exhibit a solid and robust framework for treating QFT under this new paradigm.

This book as a participation of Ali’s theory for the controversial debates that run recently to figure out if we could get information from the Black Holes (BHs) or not. There are two cohorts in that: the first calls for conservation of information inside BH like Dr. Leonard Susskind and others by which we can get information from BHs, and the second calls for non-conservation like Dr. Stephen hawking and others, by which information is losing by radiation. Conservation of information in BH, first I thought it is useless, I mean it has no physical meaning, but after watching some conferences about, I decided to participate in some sense of curiosity satisfaction, after that and when I moved deep it get me to perform interpretations of the question: why Sun’s Corona is hotter than interior and in that I found it relates to Exo-surface entropy in which the entropy becomes bigger than the inner layers. Also I came up to the reason of high evaporation of micro BHs, all that I did through my theory (thank God). After that I made a comparison between my results and recent theory called “Replica trick” for giving interpretation to conservation of information for falling particle into BHs, I found many agreements with it, for example the behavior of Entanglement Entropy that it getting bigger gradually and then falling gradually, also the behavior of radiated information and it matching with this entropy that high at the beginning and then loses its matching soon, despite of the net of the information getting increase because of the existence of surface and corona’s information that radiated intensively for any falling particle which called “Firewall of BHs”.
Return to our debate my theory agreed with Susskind at low mass density M/r (not just mass) BHs and agreed with Hawking at large one. In case of Falling particles deep far from surface, my theory agreed totally with Hawking because the dimensions will compressed according to BH’s radius making large evaporation for the falling particle so the entanglement between the inner particle and outer will vanish, then the information will totally lost inside BH.
I hope this article benefits mankind and participates on human knowledge racing.
Finally I would like to thank the Center of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics- Jordan (CTPA) for recognizing this issue.

Exact instanton solutions to D = 11 spherical supermembranes moving in flat target spacetime backgrounds are construted. Our starting point is Super Yang-Mills theories, based on the infinite dimensional SU (∞) group, dimensionally reduced to one time dimension. In this fashion the super-Toda molecule equation is recovered preserving only one supersymmetry out of the N = 16 that one would have obtained otherwise. It is shown that the expected critical target spacetime dimensions for the (super) membrane (D = 11) D = 27 is closely related to that of the noncritical (super) W ∞ strings. A BRST analysis of these symmetries should yield information about the quantum consistency of the (D = 11) D = 27 dimensional (super) membrane. Comments on the role that Skyrmions might play in the two types of Spinning-Membrane actions construted so far is presented at the conclusion. Finally, the importance that integrability on light-lines in complex superspaces has in other types of solutions is emphasized.

Keeping in view the suggestion of Barr and Marciano [7] that the cut of procedure involves a good deal of uncertainity in the prediction of E.D.M. of W - boson, we have re-examined the earlier calculation by Marciano and Queijeiro [2] by replacing the Cut-off regularization process by BPHZ regularization[8]. This works in a clean and unambiguous manner without involving any approximation. We also examine apparently inapplicable approximations like using m(f) = m(f')in [2]. The bounds on lambda(w) and d(w) are significantly changed in all cases as compared with those reported in [2]. The necessary caution that is to be excercised while using approximations is explicitly pointed out. PACS number (s): 13.40. Em

The effects of CuO additions on the grain interior and grain boundary resistivity in coated 2.5 mol% Y-TZP ceramics have been studied by using impedance spectroscopy. In addition, the effects of hydrothermal ageing on the conductivities of the ceramics were evaluated. The results showed that the grain interior and grain boundary resistivities increased with increasing CuO content. In particular, the grain boundary resistivity was observed to increase significantly in the doped ceramics, which could have been due to the formation of compounds, and resulted in lower conductivity. Impedance spectroscopy performed on the hydrothermally aged Y-TZPs revealed that the grain boundary regions were significantly affected, i.e. the grain boundary resistivities of the undoped and CuO-doped samples were increased by 65% and 45% respectively after ageing for 200 h. Thus, the indication is that the ageing-induced tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation is closely associated with changes in the grain boundary regions.

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It is shown how actions corresponding to antisymmetric non-Abelian tensorial gauge field theories of (p + 1)-dimensional diffeomorphisms yield p-brane actions associated with their (p + 1)-dimensional worldvolume evolution. We conclude with a discussion of how to obtain p-brane actions from the large N limit of covariant matrix models based on generalized hypermatrices. A deformation quantization of Nambu classical mechanics furnishing Nambu quantum mechanics by constructing the n-ary noncommutative product of n functions f 1 • f 2 • · · · • fn, the n-ary version of the Moyal bracket, and the analog of the Weyl-Wigner-Groenowold-Moyal map among operators and cfunctions remains an open problem. A solution to this problem will reveal important relations between the physics of p-branes and matrix models based on generalized hypermatrices in the large N limit.

A Bayesian analysis is carried out to identify the consistent regions of the mSUGRA parameter space, where the newly-discovered Higgs boson's mass is used as a constraint, along with other experimental constraints. It is found that m1/2 can lie in the sub TeV region, A0/m0 is mostly confined to a narrow strip with |A0/m0|≤1, while m0 is typically a TeV or larger. Further, the Bayesian analysis is used to set 95% CL lower bounds on sparticle masses. Additionally, it is shown that the spin independent neutralino-proton cross section lies just beyond the reach of the current sensitivity but within the projected sensitivity of the SuperCDMS-1T and XENON-1T experiments, which explains why dark matter has thus far not been detected. The light sparticle spectrum relevant for the discovery of supersymmetry at the LHC are seen to be the gluino, the chargino and the stop with the gluino and the chargino as the most likely candidates.

We study the role of the Gauss-Bonnet corrections and two loop higher genus contribution to the gravity action on the Kaluza-Klien modes and their interactions for different bulk fields which enable one to study various phenomenological implications of string loop corrected Gauss-Bonnet modified warped geometry model in one canvas. We have explicitly derived a phenomenological bound on the Gauss-Bonnet parameter so that the required Planck to TeV scale hierarchy can be achieved through the warp factor in the light of recently discovered Higgs like boson at 125 GeV. Moreover due to the presence of small perturbative Gauss-Bonnet as well as string loop corrections we have shown that the warping solution can be obtained for both de-Sitter and anti-de-Sitter bulk which is quite distinct from Randall-Sundrum scenario. Finally we have evaluated various interactions among these bulk fields and determined the coupling parameters and the Kaluza- Klien mode masses which is crucial to understand the phenomenology of a string two loop corrected Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet warp geometry.

It is shown how actions corresponding to antisymmetric non-Abelian tensorial gauge field theories of (p+1)-dimensional diffeomorphisms yield p-brane actions associated with their (p+1)-dimensional worldvolume evolution. We conclude with a discussion of how to obtain p-brane actions from the large N limit of covariant matrix models based on generalized hypermatrices. A deformation quantization of Nambu classical mechanics furnishing Nambu quantum mechanics by constructing the n-ary noncommutative product of n functions f1 •f2 • ⋯ •fn, the n-ary version of the Moyal bracket, and the analog of the Weyl–Wigner–Groenowold–Moyal map among operators and c-functions remains an open problem. A solution to this problem will reveal important relations between the physics of p-branes and matrix models based on generalized hypermatrices in the large N limit.

Matter engenders a Modified Newtonian Gravitational Potential (MNGP) that has a singularity at a two Normalized Spatial Unit (NSU) distance with a modified gravitational field constant in distance > 2 NSU region, and a saturated potential for distance < 2 NSU region. In Cartesian coordinates, a reference object (RO) resides at origin and a test object (TO) resides on the positive region of the X-axis, the interaction energy between the MNGP of the RO in the X>0 region and the X<0 region with the MNGP of the TO is different; This interaction energy imbalance results an E-space Inter-Domain Interaction potential (EIDIP), a scalar potential. An E-space Inter-Domain Interaction Potential (EIDIP) application models is based on the EIDIP function. Ten EIDIP application models are summarized in this paper with Matlab models simulations and empirical data/figures comparisons. These EIDIP application models cover from elementary particle scale (nuclear binding energy, nuclear charge radius, nucleon-nucleon potential, strong interaction-asymptotic freedom and color confinement, Bohr radius and short range inter-atomic force) to human scale (the Newtonian gravitational interaction and the near earth fly-by anomaly) and astronomical scale (the Pioneer spacecraft 10/11 speed anomaly and the Milky Way rotation curve anomaly). A list of null hypothesis testing node (NHTN), extracted from these EIDIP application model empirical data comparison results, indicates that the EIDIP has 5+ sigma confidence level potential. The EIDIP function, along with the explanatory EIDIP model, could be the missing blocks in completing the Unified theory.

The hunt for dark matter is certainly one of the most pressing quest of modern physics, its existence is a fundamental need precisely because of its simple and clever way to deal with astrophysical and cosmological problems. AMS-02, on the International Space Station, is running after great scientific goals since two years: the final setting up for dark matter searches allows to study antiparticle to particle ratios, which will probably be the first dark matter signals ever corroborated. Many statements have been written down in this book about DM properties and detectability, building up a dark matter search phenomenological guideline for spaceborn experiments. Dark matter should be a heavy Majorana fermion or boson, with a mass from about 1 to 10 TeV - unveiling a new TeV-ish search age - able to originate antiparticle fluxes enhancements at high energies, both for positrons and antiprotons. All the observations point to these new paradigms. Moreover, these cosmic rays enhancements perfectlyfall into the energy research window of AMS-02, allowing the experiment to test each today credible theory, such as Little Higgs, SUSY, Kaluza-Klein and Scalar Multiplet theories.

Keeping in view the suggestion of Barr and Marciano [7] that the cut of procedure involves a good deal of uncertainity in the prediction of E.D.M. of W - boson, we have re-examined the earlier calculation by Marciano and Queijeiro [2] by replacing the Cut-off regularization process by BPHZ regularization[8]. This works in a clean and unambiguous manner without involving any approximation. We also examine apparently inapplicable approximations like using m(f) = m(f')in [2]. The bounds on lambda(w) and d(w) are significantly changed in all cases as compared with those reported in [2]. The necessary caution that is to be excercised while using approximations is explicitly pointed out. PACS number (s): 13.40. Em

Every system in physics is described in terms of interacting elementary particles characterized by modulated spacetime recurrences. These intrinsic periodicities, implicit in undulatory mechanics, imply that every free particle is a reference clock linking time to the particle&#39;s mass, and every system is formalizable by means of modulated elementary spacetime cycles. We propose a novel consistent relativistic formalism based on intrinsically cyclic spacetime dimensions, encoding the quantum recurrences of elementary particles into spacetime geometrodynamics. The advantage of the resulting theory is a formal derivation of quantum behaviors from relativistic mechanics, in which the constraint of intrinsic periodicity turns out to quantize the elementary particles; as well as a geometrodynamical description of gauge interaction which, similarly to gravity, turns out to be represented by relativistic modulations of the internal clocks of the elementary particles. The characteristic ...

Every system in physics is described in terms of interacting elementary particles characterized by modulated spacetime recurrences. These intrinsic periodicities, implicit in undulatory mechanics, imply that every free particle is a reference clock linking time to the particle's mass, and every system is formalizable by means of modulated elementary spacetime cycles. We propose a novel consistent relativistic formalism based on intrinsically cyclic spacetime dimensions, encoding the quantum recurrences of elementary particles into spacetime geometrodynamics. The advantage of the resulting theory is a formal derivation of quantum behaviors from relativistic mechanics, in which the constraint of intrinsic periodicity turns out to quantize the elementary particles; as well as a geometrodynamical description of gauge interaction which, similarly to gravity, turns out to be represented by relativistic modulations of the internal clocks of the elementary particles. The characteristic classical to quantum correspondence of the theory brings novel conceptual and formal elements to address fundamental open questions of modern physics.

In the extra U(1) superstring inspired model, we examine the electroweak and U(1)-prime symmetry breaking with the singlet and exotic quark D, D+{\c}along with the study of heavy Z-prime boson in accordance with the top quark mass region. For this, we have done the analysis of complete renormalization group equations (RGEs)pertaining to the anomaly free E-{\6}-Eta model of rank 5. The Z-prime is found to the order of TeV or above with allowed small Z-Zprime mixing angle, for which the large singlet VEV is required. This is done by considering the only non-universality of Yukawa couplings at GUT scale because these do not obey the E-{\6}relationship and also satisfies the unitarity constraints both at GUT and weak scale, where rest of the parameters, i.e., gaugino masses, tri-linear couplings, and soft supersymmetric breaking masses are kept universal at GUT scale with the gauge couplings unification. The large value of Yukawa couplings (order of 1) triggered the symmetry breaking radiatively and induces the effective-Mu parameter at the electroweak scale and lead to a viable low energy spectrum at weak scale.

We extend the construction of Born's Reciprocal Relativity theory in ordinary phase spaces to an extended phase space based on Quaternions. The invariance symmetry group is the (pseudo) unitary quaternionic group U (N+, N−, H) which is isomorphic to the unitary symplectic group U Sp(2N+, 2N−, C). It is explicitly shown that the quaternionic group U (N+, N−, H) leaves invariant both the quadratic norm (corresponding to the generalized Born-Green interval in the extended phase space) and the tri-symplectic 2-form. The study of Octonionic, Jordan and ternary algebraic structures associated with generalized spacetimes (and their phase spaces) described by Gunaydin and collaborators is reviewed. A brief discussion on n-plectic manifolds whose Lie n-algebra involves multi-brackets and n-ary algebraic structures follows. We conclude with an analysis on the role of higher-order Finsler geometry in the construction of extended relativity theories with an upper and lower bound to the higher order accelerations (associated with the higher order tangent and cotangent spaces).

p′-brane solutions to rank p+1 composite antisymmetric tensor field theories of the kind developed by Guendelman, Nissimov and Pacheva are found when the dimensionality of space–time is D=(p+1)+(p′+1). These field theories possess an infinite-dimensional group of global Noether symmetries, that of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms of the target space of the scalar primitive field constituents. Crucial in the construction of p′ brane solutions are the duality transformations of the fields and the local gauge field theory formulation of extended objects given by Aurilia, Spallucci and Smailagic. Field equations are rotated into Bianchi identities after the duality transformation is performed and the Clebsch potentials associated with the Hamilton–Jacobi formulation of the p′ brane can be identified with the duals of the original scalar primitive constituents. Explicit examples are worked out the analog of S and T duality symmetry are discussed. Different types of Kalb–Ramond actions a...

In the extra U(1) superstring inspired model, we examine the electroweak and U(1)-prime symmetry breaking with the singlet and exotic quark D, D+{\c}along with the study of heavy Z-prime boson in accordance with the top quark mass region. For this, we have done the analysis of complete renormalization group equations (RGEs)pertaining to the anomaly free E-{\6}-Eta model of rank 5. The Z-prime is found to the order of TeV or above with allowed small Z-Zprime mixing angle, for which the large singlet VEV is required. This is done by considering the only non-universality of Yukawa couplings at GUT scale because these do not obey the E-{\6}relationship and also satisfies the unitarity constraints both at GUT and weak scale, where rest of the parameters, i.e., gaugino masses, tri-linear couplings, and soft supersymmetric breaking masses are kept universal at GUT scale with the gauge couplings unification. The large value of Yukawa couplings (order of 1) triggered the symmetry breaking ra...

In the extra U(1) superstring inspired model, we examine the electroweak and) 1 (′ U symmetry breaking with the singlet and exotic quark D , c D along with the study of heavy Z ′ boson in accordance with the top quark mass region. For this, we have done the analysis of complete renormalization group equations (RGEs) pertaining to the anomaly free 6

In the Friedmann equations, an infinite initial density is avoided only when the universe is spatially flat. With such equations being then valid when the scale factor a = 0, the universe must also be in the state of vacuum when a is infinitesimal. Matter creation thus largely comes from nonlinearity of the Friedmann equations at a finite a. For the correspondence between such an initial vacuum and the Friedmann universe, therefore, a vacuum density is suggested to be gravitationally significant only when it could also have a matter phase. The effective cosmological term is then due to such a vacuum density.

This discussion demonstrates a theorem that, if some hypothetical metric g ␣␤ for either field-space or spacetime exists which couples to spin-1 2 field/particles, one can define a class of four-indexed spin-1 2 fields ␣ ͑x͒ with which the standard model SU͑3͒ ϫ SU͑2͒ ϫ U͑1͒ gauge group is automatically associated due to topological and geometric considerations, regardless of the nature of the field equation by which any specific field ␣ ͑x͒ is defined. Specifically, for this class of fields ␣ ͑x͒, which reduces to a physically equivalent unindexed field ͑x͒ in flat space where the metric g ␣␤ reduces to the Minkowski metric ␣␤ , gauge transformations become exactly identified with covariant transformations under general reference frame transformations. This identification is used to construct a novel source of CP violation which may help to explain the degree to which the symmetry between matter and antimatter observed in the universe is broken.

We study the phase transition from a nematic phase to a high-density disordered phase in systems of long rigid rods of length k on the square and triangular lattices. We use an efficient Monte Carlo scheme that partly overcomes the problem of very large relaxation times of nearly jammed configurations. The existence of a continuous transition is observed on both lattices for k = 7. On the square lattice, our best estimates of the critical exponents differ from those of the Ising model, but we cannot rule out a crossover to Ising universality class at larger length scales. On the triangular lattice, the critical exponents are consistent with those of the two dimensional three-state Potts universality class. We study the correlations in the high-density non-nematic phase, and find evidence of a very large correlation length 2000.