Cosmic Inflation

In this paper we study scalar perturbations of the metric for nonlinear f(R) models. We consider the Universe at the late stage of its evolution and deep inside the cell of uniformity. We investigate the astrophysical approach in the case of Minkowski spacetime background and two cases in the cosmological approach, the large scalaron mass approximation and the quasi-static approximation, getting explicit expressions for scalar perturbations for both these cases. In the most interesting quasi-static approximation, the scalar perturbation functions depend on both the nonlinearity function f(R) and the scale factor a. Hence, we can study the dynamical behavior of the inhomogeneities (e.g., galaxies and dwarf galaxies) including into consideration their gravitational attraction and the cosmological expansion, and also taking into account the effects of nonlinearity. Our investigation is valid for functions f(R) which have stable de Sitter points in future with respect to the present tim...

In this paper we will illustrate how to constrain unavoidable Kähler corrections for N = 1 supergravity (SUGRA) inflation from the recent Planck data. We will show that the non-renormalizable Kähler operators will induce in general non-minimal kinetic term for the inflaton field, and two types of SUGRA corrections in the potential — the Hubbleinduced mass (cH), and the Hubble-induced A-term (aH) correction. The entire SUGRA inflationary framework can now be constrained from (i) the speed of sound, cs, and (ii) from the upper bound on the tensor to scalar ratio, r⋆. We will illustrate this by considering a heavy scalar degree of freedom at a scale, Ms, and a light inflationary field which is responsible for a slow-roll inflation. We will compute the corrections to the kinetic term and the potential for the light field explicitly. As an example, we will consider a visible sector inflationary model of inflation where inflation occurs at the point of inflection, which can match the dens...

“Theory of Grand Settlement” is a new Theory of Everything (TOE) that brings out a fundamental change in the physical and cosmological understanding of the Universe.

Gravity, Space-Time and Origin of the Universe are all redefined. The “Hot Big Bang” concept is denied while giving room for the exponential growth of the Universe from a single (infinitesimal) speck of energy that rose out of a vacuum fluctuation, which finally ended up in a sustained and “Steady State” evolution of the cosmological bodies. The origin is stretched back to an infinitely past-point in time and the end to an infinitely future-point in time with respect to a given (finite) rate of time-flow of the Universe.

It resolves the issues around the prevailing theories of Big Bang, Cosmic Inflation/ Accelerated Expansion, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry, Mass Defect and other observed properties of the Universe, like, Isotropy, Flatness and Homogeneity.

It better explains the Quantum weirdness like Uncertainty Principle, Wave-Particle Duality, Entanglement, etc. The new theory once again claims that there is a fundamental space called, “Absolute Empty Space”, that accommodates both “Zero” and “Infinity” and upon which the Universe is fully built. Perhaps, human intellect, which can dwell only in finite and discrete domains can never reach out to this new (hypothetical) entity.

It replaces Einstein’s Space-time with Energy-space-time. It explains the geometrical curvature of space-time around energy bodies as a characteristic of the energy-space-time continuum around them. It reviews the speed of EM Waves and justifies its constancy more practically.

In the present scheme of things, most of the physical (that includes both quantum-physics and astrophysics) phenomena were initially conjectured, hypothesized, mathematised and then experimentally verified. So, the new “Theory of Grand Settlement” gives a new set of conjectures and hypotheses, keeping almost the same mathematics and the experimental observations, Surprisingly, it resolves a lot of hitherto unsolved physical and astrophysical issues, paving the way for a new “Theory of Everything”.

Abstract: Using simple probability theory, this article explores 76 subatomic, cosmological, terrestrial and biological events/phenomena which must have occurred in precise order which led to the development of our species according to the known laws of physics. The ineluctable conclusion of the mathematics involved is that God invariably exists.

We propose a background-independent formulation of cosmic inflation. The inflation in this picture corresponds to a dynamical process to generate space and time while the conventional inflation is simply an (exponential) expansion of a preexisting spacetime owing to the vacuum energy carried by an inflaton field. We observe that the cosmic inflation is triggered by the condensate of Planck energy into vacuum responsible for the dynamical emergence of spacetime and must be a single event according to the exclusion principle of noncommutative spacetime caused by the Planck energy condensate in vacuum. The emergent spacetime picture admits a background-independent formulation so that the inflation can be described by a conformal Hamiltonian system characterized by an exponential phase space expansion without introducing any inflaton field as well as an {\it ad hoc} inflation potential. This implies that the emergent spacetime may incapacitate all the rationales to introduce the multiverse hypothesis. In Part I we will focus on the physical foundation of cosmic inflation from the emergent spacetime picture to highlight the main idea. Its mathematical exposition will be addressed in Part II with a generalization of the emergent spacetime picture to matrix string theory.

In 'The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy', by Douglas Adams, the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything is found to be 42 { but
the meaning of this is left open to interpretation. We take it to mean that there are 42
fundamental questions which must be answered on the road to full enlightenment, and we attempt a first draft (or personal selection) of these ultimate questions, on topics ranging from the cosmological constant and origin of the universe to the origin of life and consciousness.

This article is based on EFT (Expansive Field Theory) which began development in 1996 and was first published in 2009. It provides a Field Model for Dark Energy Spacetime. General Relativistic Fields would be used as an argument in the Dark Energy Field whereas Quantum Mechanical Fields could be an argument or could use the Dark Energy field as an argument as it is inconclusive as to which way would be best in that case. In this article, Astrophysical Velocity Field Models are used as arguments to derive the relative Dark Energy states of astronomical objects relative to our local frame of reference.

It might seem that the unification of physics within a single paradigm has been the primary goal in science for only the past few decades, but this would not be true.  Unification was the original goal of Einstein and a few other physicists from the 1920s to the 1960s, during a period of time when quantum theorists were ironing out their own unique problems. Their original notion of unification was based on relativity theory rather than the quantum. Unification in the guise of the quantum paradigm only emerged during the 1970s and has since overshadowed all other attempts to unify physics. Quantum theorists believe their work is more accurate, fundamental and even more practical than relativity even though there is little or no evidence to support that belief. For all intents and purposes, the two theories seem mutually incompatible, so the unification of physics has recently proceeded along the lines of an either/or strategy: Either the quantum theory is correct and relativity is wrong, or relativity is correct and the quantum theory wrong. In fact, quantum theorists have been very aggressively trying to replace the space-time curvature of general relativity with gravitons, quantum gravity, other mythical particles and equally speculative gimmicks for several decades and all of their attempts have been futile. In reality, both approaches are basically flawed because both theories are incomplete as they are now understood. Had either side of the controversy just simplified their worldview and sought commonality between the two instead of concentrating on false made-up differences, unification could have been accomplished long ago. The point is, literally, that the discrete quantum, continuous relativity, basic physical geometry and classical physics all share one common characteristic – a paradoxical duality between a dimensionless point and an extended length in any dimension – and if the problem of unification is approached from an attempt to understand how this problem relates to each paradigm all of physics could be unified within a single new theoretical model. Unfortunately, there has traditionally been no method by which a three-dimensional space can be generated from dimensionless points, raising the question – how can dimensionless point particles be extended to account for the three-dimensional space in which the physical interactions they describe occur? This very question is basic to both the quantum theory and relativity, but neither has attempted to answer it although Einstein and others’ attempts to develop classical unified field theories have come closest to the answer. The unification of physics is impossible until this question is answered, but once it is answered the unification follows naturally and easily.

We study the general multi-axion systems, focusing on the possibility of large field inflation driven by axions. We find that through axion mixing from a non-diagonal metric on the moduli space and/or from Stu ̈ckelberg coupling to a U(1) gauge field, an effectively super-Planckian decay constant can be generated without the need of “alignment” in the axion decay constants. We also investigate the consistency condi- tions related to the gauge symmetries in the multi-axion systems, such as vanishing gauge anomalies and the potential presence of generalized Chern-Simons terms. Our scenario applies generally to field theory models whose axion periodicities are intrin- sically sub-Planckian, but it is most naturally realized in string theory. The types of axion mixings invoked in our scenario appear quite commonly in D-brane models, and we present its implementation in type II superstring theory. Explicit stringy models exhibiting all the characteristics of our ideas are constructed within the frameworks of Type IIA intersecting D6-brane models on T6/ΩR and Type IIB intersecting D7-brane models on Swiss-Cheese Calabi-Yau orientifolds.

In this work, we have developed an elegant algorithm to study the cosmological consequences from a huge class of quantum field theories (i.e. superstring theory, supergrav-ity, extra dimensional theory, modified gravity etc.), which are equivalently described by soft attractors in the effective field theory framework. In this description we have restricted our analysis for two scalar fields-dilaton and Higgsotic fields minimally coupled with Einstein gravity, which can be generalized for any arbitrary number of scalar field contents with generalized non-canonical and non-minimal interactions. We have explicitly used R 2 gravity, from which we have studied the attractor and non-attractor phase by exactly computing two point, three point and four point correlation functions from scalar fluctuations using In-In (Schwinger-Keldysh) and δN formalism. We have also presented theoretical bounds on the amplitude, tilt and running of the primordial power spectrum, various shapes (equilateral, squeezed, folded kite or counter collinear) of the amplitude as obtained from three and four point scalar functions, which are consistent with observed data. Also the results from two point tensor fluctuations and field excursion formula are explicitly presented for attractor and non-attractor phase. Further, reheating constraints, scale dependent behaviour of the couplings and the dynamical solution for the dilaton and Higgsotic fields are also presented. New sets of consistency relations between two, three and four point observables are also presented, which shows significant deviation from canonical slow roll models. Additionally, three possible theoretical proposals have presented to overcome the tachyonic instability at the time of late time acceleration. Finally, we have also provided the bulk interpretation from the three and four point scalar correlation functions for completeness.

A nagging problem has existed in the way we regard the local physical world around us and the non-local universe at large since the very beginning development of our philosophical and scientific attitudes toward the external world. That problem deals with the dualistic way in which we parse the physical world itself through geometry. Geometry can be based upon two different elements: the extension-or metric element of Riemann and the point-element. Riemannian geometry can be fixed by expanding it to include the point-element, but even that is not enough. A further physical advance can be made by adopting the idea of the 0-D point Void, first developed intuitively by Sperry Andrews, but understanding the physical role of the 0-D point Void can only be realized by expanding that notion by adopting the physical concept of a discrete geometrical point/twist. It is only when a discrete 0-D point/ twist Void replaces the simple point-element missing in the Riemannian system of differential geometry of surfaces that post-modern physics fulfills its promise. Understanding the concept of a point-element, of course, is necessary to understand how the Riemannian geometry has been used in general relativity as well as how it can be expanded to unify all of modern physics, including quantum theory, under a single geometrical paradigm. Whether a scientist is considering the discrete point-particles of the Standard Model or the existence of point singularities in relativity theory, the concerns are exactly the same, which forces the concept of an individual 0-D discrete point void to the center of the unification process. In either case, the human Mind and Consciousness are perceiving and interpreting the physical/material world that science is attempting to theoretically describe so the ultimate question of Consciousness and how it interacts with the Mind/brain as well as our commonly experienced physical reality also needs to be answered within the context of the 0-D point/twist. In other words, this is the point (no pun intended) where scientific logic and non-scientific intuition come together to give a complete theoretical structure of our commonly shared physical reality. Toward that end, the only logical scientific precedent to understand anything like the 0-D point/twist in all of the history of science is only found in the notion of a tesseract, which dates from the late nineteenth century attempts to 'realize' the concept of a hyperspace in the absence of being able to detect them through astronomical observations so that a hyperspace geometry could be used to explain nature. The end product of understanding these concepts is a greater insight into how the single field theory explains a much wider range of physical phenomena than any single previous paradigm of physics.

One of the major objectives of this dissertation has been the seek for inflationary models, coming from supersymmetric theories, which are compatible with recent cosmological data and, more specifically, with measurements of the spectral index from the WMAP3 data. A particular particle physics model, the extended SUSY Pati-Salam model with Yukawa quasi-unification, was examined thoroughly with respect to its cosmology and it was found that it incorporates a number of inflationary scenarios which can become compatible with recent data. The study of these scenarios brought out variations of cosmological models which might be important in cosmological research.

In this paper my prime objective is to analyze the constraints on a sub-Planckian excursion of a single inflaton field within Effective Field Theory framework in a model independent fashion. For a generic single field inflationary potential, using the various parameterization of the primordial power spectrum I have derived the most general expression for the field excursion in terms of various inflationary observables, applying the observational constraints obtained from recent Planck 2015 and Planck 2015 +BICEP2/Keck Array data. By explicit computation I have reconstructed the structural form of the inflationary potential by constraining the Taylor expansion coefficients appearing in the generic expansion of the potential within the Effective Field Theory. Next I have explicitly derived, a set of higher order inflationary consistency relationships, which would help us to break the degeneracy between various class of inflationary models by differentiating them. I also provided two simple examples of Effective Theory of inflation- inflection-point model and saddle-point model to check the compatibility of the prescribed methodology in the light of Planck 2015 and Planck 2015 +BICEP2/Keck Array data. Finally, I have also checked the validity of the prescription by estimating the cosmological parameters and fitting the theoretical CMB TT, TE and EE angular power spectra with the observed data within the multipole range 2<l<2500.

This article is based on EFT (Expansive Field Theory) which began development in 1996 and was first published in 2009. It provides a Field Model for Dark Energy Spacetime. General Relativistic Fields would be used as an argument in the Dark Energy Field whereas Quantum Mechanical Fields could be an argument or could use the Dark Energy field as an argument as it is inconclusive as to which way would be best in that case. In this article, Astrophysical Velocity Field Models are used as arguments to derive the relative Dark Energy states of astronomical objects relative to our local frame of reference.

“Theory of Grand Settlement” is a new Theory of Everything (TOE) that brings out a fundamental change in the cosmological understanding of the Universe. It replaces the existing “Big Bang” model with a new cosmological model called, “White Singularity-Black Singularity (WS-BS) Model”, which accommodates a modified “Steady State” concept within itself.

The present form of gravity is replaced with a new phenomenon called, “Energy Rejecting Space (ERS) Gravity”. Einstein’s “Space-Time” is replaced with “Energy-Space-Time” and the curving of space-time around energy bodies becomes a characteristic of the energy-space-time structure around them.

It claims that there is a fundamental space called, “Absolute Empty Space”, which accommodates both “Zero” and “Infinity” within itself. That means, for a finite entity (or an observer) of the Universe, the absolute empty space becomes infinite when it is explored and becomes a point (nothing) when it is not.

The mass-less energy (Light-Photon) components spread instantaneously in the absolute empty space, resulting in an infinite speed of light with an infinite rate of time-flow with respect to any observer, whose rate of time-flow is finite. At the same time, the speed-ratio of light is maintained at the constant “c”, with respect to the local rate of time-flow, everywhere.

A Quantum world or Sub-Atomic World is a region that interfaces the Classical world with Absolute Empty Space. Hence there, the speed of light becomes super-luminal with a higher rate of time-flow, as we observe from the classical world. Because of this super-luminal nature of the light, the sub-atomic particles appear to be present in multiple locations of the quantum world, same time. And, this explains the Quantum Weirdness like Uncertainty, Wave-particle duality, Entanglement etc.

As far as the origin of the Universe is concerned, it is an event infinitely past in time, with respect to our local (finite) flow of time, since an exponential function of time (e^t) assumes zero value, only when “t” is negative infinity. Also, as per this new model, every energy component of this universe is the anti-energy component of the remaining energy components, put together. Hence, the “Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry” issue doesn’t arise too.

As far as the end of the Universe is concerned, it would be an infinitely future point in time with respect to our local (finite) flow of time at a “hypothetical endpoint” in space, beyond all black holes. It is here, the sequence of mergers of cosmological bodies like Black Holes, Super Massive Black Holes etc. within galaxies and further within and among the local groups, would hypothetically find an end. But the Universe would survive forever, as there is no scope for stopping the in-flow of energy into the Universe from the point (absolute empty space) of origin.

In the old scheme of things, most of the physical (including quantum-physical and astrophysical) phenomena were initially conjectured and hypothesized, and then mathematised and experimentally verified. The “Theory of Grand Settlement” now gives a new set of Conjectures and Hypotheses, keeping at the same time the mathematics and the experimental observations, almost the same. And, surprisingly, this new theory resolves a lot of hitherto unsolved physical and astrophysical issues, paving the way for a new “Theory of Everything”.

Abstract:
One of the implications of the "Theory of Grand Settlement" is that the "Origin of the Universe" is not the hot "Big Bang", an event about 13.8 billion years back in time, but an event indefinitely back in time amounting to the '"Steady State Cosmological Model". The "End of the Universe" also, as this new theory says, can never be a reality due to the never-ending inflow of energy from the Absolute Empty Space.

Science does not " wander " , it is not like the proverbial drunken sailor who let go of the light pole that is holding him up and tries to walk away, and it certainly does not wander toward any 'specific' goal. Science does not 'specifically' know what hand nature will deal it in the future explorations. The general goal, if it can be called that, is to describe nature as truthfully as possible. Science goes where nature and the universe lead and explains what nature and the universe present to science. Science is a straightforward logical process by which human thought evolves and sometimes revolutionizes how we view our world. In general, the only thing that could be construed as a goal in science is a complete understanding of how nature works and presents itself to us. In other words, science answers to nature, nature does not answer to science and especially not to any specific goal in the minds of scientists or others. Given this, once the obtuse nature of the given question is determined and the given question is translated into common English, the answer is just as easy as the question is ridiculous. The answer is simply that mathematical laws cannot give rise to aims and intentions which are normally considered aspects of consciousness. However, this raises the new question of why the given question is so obtuse in nature and needs to be translated to an answerable question, while answering this new question is significantly telling.

We have studied primordial non-Gaussian features from a model of potential driven single field DBI Galileon inflation. We have computed the bispectrum from the three point correlation function considering all possible cross correlation between scalar and tensor modes from the proposed setup. Further, we have computed the trispectrum from four point correlation function considering the contribution from contact interaction, scalar and graviton exchange diagrams in the in-in picture. Finally we have obtained the non-Gaussian consistency conditions from the four point correlator, which results in partial violation of the Suyama-Yamaguchi four-point consistency relation. This further leads to the conclusion that sufficient primordial non-Gaussianities can be obtained from DBI Galileon inflation.

In the framework of a cosmological model of the Universe filled with a nonrelativistic particle soup, we easily reproduce inflation due to the quantum potential. The lightest particles in the soup serve as a driving force of this simple, natural and promising mechanism. It is explicitly demonstrated that the appropriate choice of their mass and fraction leads to reasonable numbers of e-folds. Thus, the direct introduction of the quantum potential into cosmology of the earliest Universe gives ample opportunities of successful reconsideration of the modern inflationary theory.

In this paper I provide a general framework based on $\delta N$ formalism to study the features of unavoidable higher dimensional non-renormalizable K\"ahler operators for ${\cal N}=1$ supergravity (SUGRA) during primordial inflation from the combined constraint on non-Gaussianity, sound speed and CMB dipolar asymmetry as obtained from the recent Planck data.
In particular I study the nonlinear evolution of cosmological perturbations on large scales which enables us to compute the curvature perturbation, $\zeta$, without solving the exact perturbed field equations. Further I compute the non-Gaussian parameters $f_{NL}$ , $\tau_{NL}$ and $g_{NL}$ for local type of non-Gaussianities and CMB dipolar asymmetry parameter, $ A_{CMB}$, using the $\delta N$ formalism  for a generic class of sub-Planckian models induced by the Hubble-induced corrections for a minimal supersymmetric D-flat direction where inflation occurs at the point of inflection within the visible sector.
Hence by using multi parameter scan I constrain the non-minimal couplings appearing in non-renormalizable K\"ahler operators within, ${\cal O}(1)$, for the speed of sound, $0.02\leq c_s\leq 1$, and tensor to scalar, $10^{-22} \leq r_{\star} \leq 0.12$. Finally applying all of these constraints I will fix the lower as well as the upper bound of the non-Gaussian parameters within, ${\cal O}(1-5)\leq f_{NL}\leq 8.5$, ${\cal O}(75-150)\leq\tau_{NL}\leq 2800$ and ${\cal O}(17.4-34.7)\leq g_{NL}\leq 648.2$, and CMB dipolar asymmetry parameter within the range, $0.05\leq A_{CMB}\leq 0.09$.

We introduce a model of potential driven DBI Galileon inflation in background N=1,D=4 SUGRA. Starting from D4-$\bar{D4}$ brane-antibrane in the bulk N=2,D=5 SUGRA including quadratic Gauss-Bonnet corrections, we derive an effective N=1,D=4 SUGRA by dimensional reduction, that results in a Coleman-Weinberg type Galileon potential. We employ this potential in modeling inflation and in subsequent study of primordial quantum fluctuations for scalar and tensor modes. Further, we estimate the major observable parameters in both de Sitter (DS) and beyond de Sitter (BDS) limits and confront them with recent observational data from WMAP7 by using the publicly available code CAMB.

Abstract:
One of the implications of the "Theory of Grand Settlement" is that the " ERS Gravity", a new phenomenon known as "Energy Rejects Space" is responsible for all the interactions in the Universe, both at the micro and macro levels and both in the baryonic and nonbaryonic domains. It is the cause of not only the already established four fundamental forces of nature, namely the Gravity of the standard model, the Electromagnetic force, the Weak nuclear force and the Strong nuclear force, but also it would, as it claims, be the cause of any interaction which can be discovered in the future, covering the whole of the Universe.

In this work, we have studied the possibility of setting up Bell's inequality violating experiment in the context of cosmology, based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics. First we start with the physical motivation of implementing the Bell's inequality violation in the context of cosmology. Then to set up the cosmological Bell violating test experiment we introduce a model independent theoretical framework using which we have studied the creation of new massive particles by implementing the WKB approximation method for the scalar fluctuations in presence of additional time dependent mass contribution in the cosmological perturbation theory. Here for completeness we compute total number density and energy density of the newly created particles in terms of Bogoliubov coefficients using WKB approximation method. Next using the background scalar fluctuation in presence of new time dependent mass contribution, we explicitly compute the expression for the one point and two point correlation functions. Furthermore, using the results for one point function we introduce a new theoretical cosmological parameter which can be expressed in terms of the other known inflationary observables and can also be treated as a future theoretical probe to break the degeneracy amongst various models of inflation. Additionally, we also fix the scale of inflation in a model independent way without any prior knowledge of primordial gravitational waves. Also using the input from newly introduced cosmological parameter, we finally give a theoretical estimate for the tensor-to-scalar ratio in a model independent way. Next, we also comment on the technicalities of measurements from isospin breaking interactions and the future prospects of newly introduced massive particles in cosmological Bell violating test experiment. Further, we cite a precise example of this set up applicable in the context of string theory motivated axion monodromy model. Then we comment on the explicit role of decoherence effect and high spin on cosmological Bell violating test experiment. In fine, we provide a theoretical bound on the heavy particle mass parameter for scalar fields, graviton and other high spin fields from our proposed setup.

Cosmological models in 1+1 dimensions are an ideal setting for investigating the quantum structure of inflationary dynamics -gravity is renormalizable, while there is room for spatial structure not present in the minisuperspace approximation. We use this fortuitous convergence to investigate the mechanism of slow-roll eternal inflation. A variant of 1+1 Liouville gravity coupled to matter is shown to model precisely the scalar sector of cosmological perturbations in 3+1 dimensions. A particular example of quintessence in 1+1d is argued on the one hand to exhibit slow-roll eternal inflation according to standard criteria; on the other hand, a field redefinition relates the model to pure de Sitter gravity coupled to a free scalar matter field with no potential. This and other examples show that the standard logic leading to slow-roll eternal inflation is not invariant under field redefinitions, thus raising concerns regarding its validity. Aspects of the quantization of Liouville gravity as a model of quantum de Sitter space are also discussed.

We calculate the present expansion of our Universe endowed with relict colored objects - quarks and gluons - that survived hadronization either as isolated islands of quark-gluon "nuggets", or spread uniformly in the Universe. In the first scenario, the QNs can play the role of dark matter. In the second scenario, we demonstrate that uniform colored objects can play the role of dark energy providing the late-time accelerating expansion of the Universe.

Use the free download PDF function if not legible.
'Einstein's Doubt,, Biggest Blunder and Biggest Regret::
Einstein's 'Biggest Blunder' was a case of premature capitulation, symptomatic of his doubt, that was symptomatic of his biggest regret..

In this work, our prime focus is to study the one to one correspondence between the conduction phenomena in electrical wires with impurity and the scattering events responsible for particle production during stochastic inflation and reheating implemented under a closed quantum mechanical system in early universe cosmology. In this connection, we also present a derivation of quantum corrected version of the Fokker–Planck equation without dissipation and its fourth-order corrected analytical solution for the probability distribution profile responsible for studying the dynamical features of the particle creation events in the stochastic inflation and reheating stage of the universe. It is explicitly shown from our computation that quantum corrected Fokker–Planck equation describes the particle creation phenomena better for Dirac delta type of scatterer. In this connection, we additionally discuss Itô, Stratonovich prescription and the explicit role of finite temperature effective potential for solving the probability distribution profile. Furthermore, we extend our discussion of particle production phenomena to describe the quantum description of randomness involved in the dynamics. We also present computation to derive the expression for the measure of the stochastic nonlinearity (randomness or chaos) arising in the stochastic inflation and reheating epoch of the universe, often described by Lyapunov Exponent. Apart from that, we quantify the quantum chaos arising in a closed system by a more strong measure, commonly known as Spectral Form Factor using the principles of random matrix theory (RMT). Finally, we discuss the role of out of time order correlation function (OTOC) to describe quantum chaos in early universe cosmology.

Selected highlights of how and why the overwhelming amount of empirical evidence that is the prevalent cosmological redshift of distant starlight, aligns with, and attests to Torah testimony. Both scriptural narrative and 'thousands not billions' year age of the universe. At the same time falsifying all deep-time dependent scientific hypotheses. If SPIRAL the LY distance to the nearest departure point of any light that was subjected to cosmic expansion is = to the number of years elapsed subsequent to the cosmic inflation expansion event. SPIRAL and SCM agree cosmic inflation expansion was relatively early in the history of the universe.
SPIRAL = SPI-RALL predicts CR and it's increase w/distance.
SPI = hyper-dense proto-galactic (Stellar) formation Preceded cosmic-Inflation expansion.
RA = the cosmological Redshift Attests to stellar objects receding from us during cosmic inflation.
LL = Lagging (decreased frequency/Longer (increased) wavelength) Light, as emitted as receding.

"Theory of Grand Settlement" is a new Theory of Everything (TOE) that brings out a fundamental change in the cosmological understanding of the Universe.
It replaces the existing "Big Bang" model with a new cosmological model called, "White Singularity-Black Singularity (WS-BS) Model", which accommodates a modified "Steady State" concept of cosmology within itself.
It also brings in a new gravitational phenomenon called "ERS Gravity" that replaces the existing all the (four) fundamental interactions (forces), put together.

In this paper we study scalar perturbations of the metric for nonlinear $f(R)$ models. We consider the Universe at the late stage of its evolution and deep inside the cell of uniformity. We investigate the astrophysical approach in the case of Minkowski spacetime background and two cases in the cosmological approach, the large scalaron mass approximation and the quasi-static approximation, getting explicit expressions for scalar perturbations for both these cases. In the most interesting quasi-static approximation, the scalar perturbation functions depend on both the nonlinearity function $f(R)$ and the scale factor $a$. Hence, we can study the dynamical behavior of the inhomogeneities (e.g., galaxies and dwarf galaxies) including into consideration their gravitational attraction and the cosmological expansion, and also taking into account the effects of nonlinearity. Our investigation is valid for functions $f(R)$ which have stable de Sitter points in future with respect to the present time, that is typical for the most popular $f(R)$ models.

We consider a modified gravity framework for inflation by adding to the Einstein-Hilbert action a direct f(ϕ)T term, where ϕ is identified as the inflaton and T is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. The framework goes to Einstein gravity naturally when the inflaton decays out. We investigate inflation dynamics in this f(ϕ)T gravity (not to be confused with torsion-scalar coupled theories) on a general basis and then apply it to three well-motivated inflationary models. We find that the predictions for the spectral tilt and the tensor-to-scalar ratio are sensitive to this new f(ϕ)T term. This f(ϕ)T gravity brings chaotic and natural inflation into better agreement with data and allows a larger tensor-to-scalar ratio in the Starobinsky model.

Cosmic history can be traced considering further curvature contributions inside the gravitational action. Assuming that standard General Relativity can be extended by other curvature invariants, we discuss the possibility that an action containing higher-order curvature terms can fit, in principle, the whole universe evolution. In particular , a theory like F (R, G), with R the Ricci scalar and G the Gauss-Bonnet topological term, contains all the curvature invariants that, depending on the energy regime, can address inflation, matter dominated and dark energy regimes. In this paper, we investigate this possibility considering how F (R, G) models can lead gravity from ultraviolet to infrared scales. Specifically, we will take into account a cosmographic approach for this purpose. PACS numbers: 98.80.-k, 95.35.+d, 95.36.+x

We suggest progress regarding the following six physics opportunities. List all elementary particles. Describe dark matter. Explain ratios of dark matter to ordinary matter. Explain eras in the history of the universe. Link properties of objects. Interrelate physics models. We use models based on Diophantine equations.

Future astrophysical data sets promise to strengthen constraints on models of inflation, and extracting these constraints requires methods and tools commensurate with the quality of the data. In this paper we describe ModeCode, a new, publicly available code that computes the primordial scalar and tensor power spectra for single-field inflationary models. ModeCode solves the inflationary mode equations numerically, avoiding the slow roll approximation. It is interfaced with CAMB and CosmoMC to compute cosmic microwave background angular power spectra and perform likelihood analysis and parameter estimation. ModeCode is easily extendable to additional models of inflation, and future updates will include Bayesian model comparison. Errors from ModeCode contribute negligibly to the error budget for analyses of data from Planck or other next generation experiments. We constrain representative single-field models (ϕn with n=2/3, 1, 2, and 4, natural inflation, and “hilltop” inflation) using current data, and provide forecasts for Planck. From current data, we obtain weak but nontrivial limits on the post-inflationary physics, which is a significant source of uncertainty in the predictions of inflationary models, while we find that Planck will dramatically improve these constraints. In particular, Planck will link the inflationary dynamics with the post-inflationary growth of the horizon, and thus begin to probe the “primordial dark ages” between TeV and grand unified theory scale energies.

In this article, I have studied the cosmoparticle constraints on a generic class of large field ($|\Delta\phi|>M_{p}$) and small field ($|\Delta\phi|<M_{p}$) models of brane inflationary
magnetogenesis {\it aka} ``braneflamagnetogenesis'' from: (1) tensor-to-scalar ratio ($r$), (2) reheating, (3) leptogenesis
and (4) baryogenesis in case of Randall-Sundrum single braneworld gravity (RSII) framework. I also establish
a direct connection between the magnetic field at the present epoch ($B_{0}$) and primordial gravity waves
($r$), which give a precise estimate of non-vanishing CP asymmetry ($\epsilon_{CP}$) in leptogenesis and baryon
asymmetry ($\eta_{B}$) in baryogenesis scenario respectively. Further assuming the conformal invariance to be restored
after inflation in the framework of RSII, I have explicitly shown that the requirement of the sub-dominant feature
of large scale coherent magnetic field after inflation gives two fold non-trivial characteristic
constraints- on equation of state parameter ($w$) and the corresponding energy scale during reheating ($\rho^{1/4}_{rh}$) epoch. Hence giving the proposal for avoiding the contribution
of back-reaction from the magnetic field I have established a bound on the generic reheating
characteristic parameter ($R_{rh}$) and its rescaled version ($R_{sc}$), to achieve large scale magnetic field within the prescribed setup and further apply the CMB constraints as obtained from recently observed Planck 2015 data and Planck+BICEP2+Keck Array joint constraints. Using all these
derived results I have shown that it is possible to put further stringent constraints on various classes of large and small field inflationary models to break the degeneracy between various cosmophenomenological parameters within the framework of RSII. Finally, I have studied the consequences from two specific models of brane inflation- monomial and hilltop, after applying all the constraints obtained from ``braneflamagnetogenesis''.

In this article, we study the quantum field theoretic generalization of the Caldeira-Leggett model to describe the Brownian Motion in general curved space-time considering interactions between two scalar fields in a classical gravitational background. The thermalization phenomena is then studied from the obtained de Sitter solution using quantum quench from one scalar field model obtained from path integrated effective action in Euclidean signature. We consider an instantaneous quench in the time-dependent mass protocol of the field of our interest. We find that the dynamics of the field post-quench can be described in terms of the state of the generalized Calabrese-Cardy (gCC) form and computed the different types of two-point correlation functions in this context. We explicitly found the conserved charges of $W_{\infty}$ algebra that represents the gCC state after a quench in de Sitter space and found it to be significantly different from the flat space-time results. We extend our...

In this talk, I want to emphasize that NC spacetime is much more radical and mysterious than we thought. So far we have understood the NC spacetime too easily. I will give you an overall picture why NC spacetime necessarily implies emergent spacetime. The emergent spacetime opens a new prospect that may cripple all the rationales to introduce the multiverse hypothesis. (“Emergent Spacetime: Reality or Illusion?”, arXiv:1504.00464). The emergent spacetime picture admits a background-independent formulation of cosmic inflation. Every mathematical details have been addressed in my paper. (“Emergent Spacetime and Cosmic Inflation,” arXiv:1503.00712).

In this paper we will illustrate how to constrain unavoidable K\"ahler corrections for ${\cal N}=1$ supergravity (SUGRA)
inflation from the recent Planck data. We will show that non-renormalizable K\"ahler  operators will induce in general {\it non-minimal kinetic} term for the inflaton field,
and two types of SUGRA corrections in the potential - the {\it Hubble-induced mass} ($c_{H}$), and the {\it Hubble-induced A-term} ($a_{H}$) correction.
The entire SUGRA inflationary framework can now be constrained from (i) {\it speed of sound}, $c_s$, and (ii) from the upper bound on the {\it tensor to scalar ratio}, $r_{\star}$.
We will illustrate this by considering  a heavy scalar degree of freedom at a scale, $M_s$, and a  light inflationary field which is responsible for a slow-roll inflation. We will compute
the corrections to the kinetic term and the potential explicitly. As an example we will consider a visible sector inflationary model of inflation where inflation occurs at the point
of {\it inflection}, which can match
the density perturbations for the cosmic microwave background radiation, and also explain why the universe is filled with the Standard Model degrees of freedom.
We will scan the parameter space  of non-renormalizable K\"ahler operators, which we find them to be order ${\cal O}(1)$, as expected from physical arguments.
While the scale of heavy physics is found to be bounded by the tensor-to scalar ratio and the speed of sound, this high
scale  comes out to be varying within a range, $ {\cal O}(10^{11}\leq M_s\leq 10^{16})$~GeV, for the speed of sound varying from $0.02\leq c_s\leq 1$, and tensor to scalar
ratio varying from $10^{-22} \leq r_{\star} \leq 0.12$.

In The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, by Douglas Adams, the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything is found to be 42-but the meaning of this is left open to interpretation. We take it to mean that there are 42 fundamental questions which must be answered on the road to full enlightenment, and we attempt a first draft (or personal selection) of these ultimate questions, on topics ranging from the cosmological constant and origin of the Universe to the origin of life and consciousness.

In this work, our prime focus is to study the one to one correspondence between the conduction phenomena in electrical wires with impurity and the scattering events responsible for particle production during stochastic inflation and reheating implemented under a closed quantum mechanical system in early universe cosmology. In this connection, we also present a derivation of quantum corrected version of the Fokker–Planck equation without dissipation and its fourth-order corrected analytical solution for the probability distribution profile responsible for studying the dynamical features of the particle creation events in the stochastic inflation and reheating stage of the universe. It is explicitly shown from our computation that quantum corrected Fokker–Planck equation describes the particle creation phenomena better for Dirac delta type of scatterer. In this connection, we additionally discuss Itô, Stratonovich prescription and the explicit role of finite temperature effective potential for solving the probability distribution profile. Furthermore, we extend our discussion of particle production phenomena to describe the quantum description of randomness involved in the dynamics. We also present computation to derive the expression for the measure of the stochastic nonlinearity (randomness or chaos) arising in the stochastic inflation and reheating epoch of the universe, often described by Lyapunov Exponent. Apart from that, we quantify the quantum chaos arising in a closed system by a more strong measure, commonly known as Spectral Form Factor using the principles of random matrix theory (RMT). Finally, we discuss the role of out of time order correlation function (OTOC) to describe quantum chaos in early universe cosmology.

• This makes the theoretical modelling very challenging, so that, in real practice, either only very long wavelength data are analysed, as in the regime the corrections from non-linear scales become either negligible or easy to model, or also short wavelength data are analysed, but at the cost of adding potentially large, and often uncontrolled, systematic uncertainties. • These limitations come with a huge cost in terms of information that we can extract from LSS data. • In fact, everything that we measure in cosmology with very few exceptions, information comes from measuring a high number of modes, , where the error bars scale as .

The angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropy observed by WMAP has an anomalous dip at l~20 and bump at l~40. One explanation for this structure is the presence of features in the primordial curvature power spectrum, possibly caused by a step in the inflationary potential. The detection of these features is only marginally significant from temperature data alone. However, the inflationary feature hypothesis predicts a specific shape for the E-mode polarization power spectrum with a structure similar to that observed in temperature at l~20-40. Measurement of the CMB polarization on few-degree scales can therefore be used as a consistency check of the hypothesis. The Planck satellite has the statistical sensitivity to confirm or rule out the model that best fits the temperature features with 3 sigma significance, assuming all other parameters are known. With a cosmic variance limited experiment, this significance improves to 8 sigma. For tests of inflationary models that can explain both the dip and bump in temperature, the primary source of uncertainty is confusion with polarization features created by a complex reionization history, which at most reduces the significance to 2.5 sigma for Planck and 5-6 sigma for an ideal experiment. Smoothing of the polarization spectrum by a large tensor component only slightly reduces the ability of polarization to test for inflationary features, as does requiring that polarization is consistent with the observed temperature spectrum given the expected low level of TE correlation on few-degree scales. A future polarization satellite would enable a decisive test of the feature hypothesis and provide complementary information about the shape of a possible step in the inflationary potential. (Abridged.)

We study the effects exerted by the backreaction of long-wavelength fluctuations on stochastic inflation. In the cases of power-law and Starobinsky inflation, these effects are too weak to terminate the stochastic growth of the inflaton field. However, in the case of the cyclic ekpyrotic scenario, the backreaction effects prevent the unlimited growth of the scalar field.