Corrections

In most Australian correctional jurisdictions, prisoners are not allowed access to the internet precluding them from participating in higher education online. Making the Connection is an Australian government funded project which is taking digital technologies, that don't require internet access, into prisons to enable prisoners to enroll in a suite of pre-tertiary and undergraduate programs. A version of the University of Southern Queensland's learning management system has been installed onto the education server of participating prisons. The second stage of the project will see notebook computers preloaded with the learning management system and course materials, allocated to participating prisoners. At the time of writing, the project has been deployed at thirteen sites in Queensland and Western Australia, with a further three sites coming on board in time for semester I 2016 and negotiations underway for further rollout to Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, the ACT and the Northern Territory.

This paper outlines a model which infuses trauma-informed principles into the existing Risk-Needs-Responsivity model of risk assessment commonly used in correctional settings. The connection between certain types of trauma and criminality is established. Despite this, many risk assessment procedures do not include screening for trauma, or trauma-specific interventions. An overview of the lasting effects of childhood maltreatment is included. Trauma-informed practices and assessment recommendations are also provided, along with recommendations for additional resources.

This article, “How an Inmate-Led Class Is Helping Staff Learn Spanish,” is published in the May/June 2021 issue of the American Jails magazine. The publication is the official organ of the American Jail Association (AJA). Visit https://www.americanjail.org

The criminal justice system in America does not work, and, from the perspective of current criminological thought, no ideas exist for how to truly fix it. The fault lies not with criminology as a discourse, but with us as individuals. We must, together, address three fundamental questions regarding our capacity and willingness to make a justice system of which we would be proud to pass on to our children. Specifically, we must decide (1) whether or not we are permanently saddled with a hobbling justice system;

Many of the issues discussed in conjunction with prison reform reflect the futility of making incarceration better.  Incarceration doesn't work very well for deterrence and rehabilitation.  In many respects, prison is a failed social experiment of the last 200 years.

Parole is the portion of state correctional systems in which convicted individuals are supervised after they have been released from prison. Parole serves two purposes: (1) to assist former prisoners in their transition from prison into the community and (2) to provide a means of early detection and sanction of potentially deviant behavior. Parole differs from probation in that probation is often used as a diversion from prison time, and parole is used as a means of supervising reentry into society. The term comes from the French word parole, which means "word," as in giving one's word. The U.S. parole system was based on the Irish system and introduced in 1876. Though parole is historically defined as discretionary release, many states have eliminated their parole board but maintained some form of parole or post-release supervision. Today, only Maine and Minnesota do not have either a parole board or some form of post-release supervision; the U.S. Parole Commission is in charge of parolees in Washington, D.C. As of 2008, one in 45 adults is on parole or probation, and more than 800,000 adults are on parole.

This publication is a collection of essential tools for practical ministry in jails and prisons. It includes scores of Christian ministries and other faith-based organizations that offer free Bibles, books, literature, and other important resources for correctional chaplains.

Researchers illuminate the mental health plight of correctional workers by demonstrating a high prevalence of mental health disorders among the group. Yet, structural barriers persist in preventing correctional staff from accessing treatment and support - barriers that may result in more prolonged and pronounced symptoms. We consider correctional staff perspectives on how mental health policies at the organizational level can foster better well-being outcomes for employees. Data are drawn from open-ended survey responses from provincial and territorial correctional employees (N = 870) in Canada. Responses collectively highlight the need for a correctional staff mental health paradigm that reflects the sources of stress among correctional workers, including access to specialized mental health services that are easily accessible, immediately available, and comprehensive in nature. Additional aspects of the work environment were identified as venues for important change, including improvements in work and schedule structures, improved manager-staff relations, and changes to the physical environment.

ABSTRACT. In December of 2011 Parliament of Lithuania (Seimas) adopted the Law on Probation, which comes into force in July of 2012. In such a way new legislation established not only new definition in Lithuanian correctional law (probationer, probation officer, etc.) but also established innovative means for more efficient goals of probation.
The article analyzes the qualitatively new means, contained in the Law on Probation: interagency cooperation in probation work; pre-sentence reports of social study; risk assessment tools and methods; planning of the supervision of a probationer; implementation of behavior correctional programs; electronic monitoring. Article reveals the signification of these means for effective re-socialization offenders without isolation from community. The expected results of these innovations in probation to create the conditions for changes in criminal policy and to decrease the use of deprivation of liberty, because this kind of punishment application in Lithuania compared to European Union countries is too frequent and irrational.
The main idea of the reformed probation system is to replace prevailing behavior control measures with a balanced system of control and rehabilitation with a strengthening resocialisation of offenders and their integration into community. Analyzing a variety of innovative measures and their contents, in article attempts to reveal their social significance and value. The article assumes that the modern type of social technologies in correction of offenders may have positive influence on social and moral environment of community and reduce his marginalization, as well as create prerequisites for change the policies of imprisonment and for a more rational distribution of material and human resources in the field of criminal justice.

This quasi-experimental historical outcome study is based on the Domestic Violence Repeat Offender Program (DVROP) housed within the Bernalillo County Metropolitan Court in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The treatment group includes data for 100 male domestic violence offenders collected between July 1, 2004 and November 30, 2006. A strictly matched group of 100 males who were technically eligible but who were not served by the DVROP made up the comparison. Using NCIC data as an outcome measure, the results of the study show that DVROP participants are significantly less likely to receive subsequent charges for domestic violence, other violent offenses, or any other criminal offense. The study draws conclusions about the extensive collateral needs of the offender population and draws attention to the need for a holistic approach to special offender populations.

This article undertakes a "history of the present" as a means of intervening in current debate around the closure of the Rikers Island jail complex and its replacement with smaller "state of the art" jails. We argue that the telling of carceral history is potentially a powerful weapon capable of shaping unfolding events, as well as, helping to preserve the memory of those who have suffered from the practice of human caging. To this effect we reconstruct the history of the Rikers Island penal colony predating its officially-recognized opening in 1935; a history defined by the forced prison labour that was used to expand the island and construct the original penitentiary. We illustrate how the labour of these prisoners, lives on in the physical structure of Rikers, as well as in its scandalous carceral existence. In defiance of current efforts at piecemeal reform or of preserving the status quo, we offer this historical intervention as a means of problematizing the present effort to solve the problems of jails with more jails, suggesting instead that the past calls for more drastic action—an escape.

The report builds upon the Urban Institute’s 2004 report, “Prisoner Reentry in Georgia” that analyzed recent trends in incarceration and prisoner releases in the state, examined the characteristics and geographic distribution of returning prisoners, and the challenges and opportunities faced by some of the communities that were home to the highest concentrations of returning prisoners. Our report drills down from the state level to the local level to look more in-depth at the issue of prisoner reentry in metropolitan Atlanta.

Private prisons are here to stay irrespective of empirical findings for or against their existence in the corrections industry. It is necessary, therefore, to step back and consider them on a broader level to assess how they can benefit current penological practice. It will be argued that prison privatization creates an opportunity to reassess the dominant correctional philosophy in America. In particular, the contractual structure of private prisons allows for “what works” in corrections to be built into performance evaluations. The implications of this assertion for private prisons as well as the current status of the rehabilitative ideal will be discussed.

As U.S. correctional systems continue to rollout evidence-based programs, the utility of " complimentary " programs that do not address recidivism reduction remains in question. Many U.S. prisons have a variety of prison-based animal programs, yet the outcomes are largely unexplored. This research addresses a literature gap by evaluating the intermediate outcomes associated with a statewide prison-based dog handler program. Using propensity score matching, we compared 1,001 inmates in a pretest, postentry design, aimed at measuring change across four outcomes. Results indicate that dog handler program inmates experienced significant improvement in three of four areas. Implications and further research needs are explored.

Suicide risk and protective factors function for prisoners within the context of incarceration. The Culture and Protective Suicide Scale for Incarcerated Persons (CAPSSIP) is a tool designed to assess protective
factors and cultural barriers to suicide for inmates. We present initial findings on the reliability, validity, factor structure, and utility of the CAPSSIP based on a trial conducted with inmates sent to an inpatient
psychiatric program. Implications for suicide risk assessment processes in correctional settings are discussed.

Abstract
Using scholarly research, the plight of children of incarcerated individuals, namely incarcerated mothers, is focused upon.  Questions addressing stigmatization issues, psychological implications, sociological factors, and education are discussed.  Travis Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory is used as a tool to evaluate the effectiveness of prison nursery programs.  The main inquiry is based on this social bond theory.  Whether or not the prison nursery concept is a real solution to prevent future delinquency in children who may otherwise not have the opportunity to bond with their parent is addressed. 
Conclusions:
Through interdisciplinary research it was concluded that sudden separation and intermittent exposure to incarcerated parents can cause lasting social/emotional issues that may have a long-term effect on development, which has the potential to lead to future delinquency.  Through programs that encourage parent and child bonding, recidivism and delinquent behavior is prevented/reduced, though aggression in these children remains a lasting concern. 
Keywords: parental incarceration, corrections, mothers, inmate, behavior, social bonding, delinquency, prison nursery, aggression

Questo non è il solito libro sul carcere. Non rientra nella abbondante memorialistica penitenziaria; non è un'inchiesta giornalistica sul degrado del carcere in Italia; non è un saggio accademico sul quanto e il come sia cambiata l'esecuzione penale nella tarda modernità. Prigioni è un originale saggio di sociologia dell'organizzazione penitenziaria, in cui il carcere viene visto per quello che è: un'istituzione complessa, in cui convivono e al cui funzionamento concorrono diversi soggetti, dalla cui relazione dipende la corrispondenza tra il suo output e la sua mission istituzionale.

A b s t r A c t In many countries throughout the world, the justice sector is characterised by high levels of staff turnover, often associated with the particular stresses embedded in the criminal justice working environment. This phenomenon is, in many countries, most acutely manifested in the prison sector. This study focuses on the Turkish and Slovenian prison sectors and compares results with identical studies undertaken in both countries. This paper utilises the Job Effective Wellbeing Survey (JAWS) to explore job satisfaction (JS) of staff in Turkish and Slovenian prisons. The intent of this study is to investigate whether there are statistically significant differences between the JS levels of prison officers in these two countries, and to explore the role of national culture within these results. This study has a number of unique features. It is the first study that compares the JS of prison staff in Turkish and Slovenian contexts. It is also one of the few known studies that has focused on JS utilising the JAWS survey instrument for prison staff specifically. Finally, this study provides a research base for further international research focusing on prisons as workplaces, and provides opportunities for cross-cultural comparisons. A c r o s s-c o u n t ry c o m pA r i s o n o f w o r k p l A c e w e l l b e i n g A m o n g p r i s o n s tA f f A s s o c i a t e p r o f e s s o r J u l i a n b o n d y A s s o c i a t e p r o f e s s o r g o r a z d m e s k o D r s e r p i l A y t a c D r m e h m e t e r y i l m a z A s s o c i a t e p r o f e s s o r n u r a n b a y r a m

This study offers a roadmap to employing and expanding the Persuasion Knowledge Model (Friestad & Wright, 1994) as a useful theoretical framework for studying persuasive misinformation and corrections. Within the context of correcting vaccine-related misinformation, this experimental study (N = 1,067) indicates that the source of misinformation has significantly more influence on the belief of misinformation and on behavioral intentions than correction sources, bringing new urgency to the gatekeeping responsibilities of social media.

SÍNTESE. 'Mudar a Justiça' significa alterar a essência da abordagem do sistema, adotar agendas mais ambiciosas, ousadas, delineadas explicitamente para promover mudanças – primeiramente, no foco do sistema, nas formas tradicionais de responder ao crime e aos múltiplos problemas decorrentes. Exige dar lugar à adequada capacitação da sociedade para responder a malfeitos e conflitos, reparar danos infligidos, reintegrar vítimas e infratores, e, estabelecer as bases de uma segurança pública sustentável. Mudar exige, em segundo lugar, alterar a missão do sistema, para que este seja conduzido não mais por políticas ou reformas, mas por prioridades fundamentadas em valores. Finalmente, mudar quer dizer alterar o modo corrente de interação no seio do sistema e deste com os usuários e a população em geral – diminuir a dependência em relação à lógica burocrática e confiar cada vez mais em consenso e participação, transformando profundamente a experiência de todos e cada um com o sistema de justiça. A esta agenda corresponde uma nova visão de comunidade, que emerge de uma ordem social decomposta, de um lado, entre o realismo fundado no poder e na tutela, e, de outro, o liberalismo baseado na lei e no empoderamento. Na esteira da ‘crise’ do sistema de justiça, assim como à face da complexidade cada vez maior do comércio, das finanças, das comunicações, da saúde, do ambiente, dos direitos humanos, da violência, desordem e criminalidade, torna-se cada vez mais urgente um controle social efetivo baseado em inovação normativa e institucional.

This article provides a brief introduction to the field of Convict Criminology (CC). It tackles six main topics that would interest audiences unfamiliar with CC. These include: What is Convict Criminology? Who counts as a Convict Criminologist? What is the history of CC? What has CC accomplished? What have been the major criticisms of CC? and What has been CC’s response to these criticisms? The article concludes by both summarizing the contents of the piece and makes some suggestions for the future.

Correctional Service of Canada and the provincial prison systems have a duty to provide incarcerated individuals with health services that are comparable to those in the community, but they have failed to do so during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are inherent practical difficulties to implementing health care in prisons. In addition, prison demographics include a higher proportion of populations that are vulnerable to disease. These factors together mean that the prison response to COVID-19 must involve depopulation and the implementation of guidelines provided by public health agencies in all institutions. So far, the measures taken have been insufficient, as is evidenced by the rapid rates of spread of COVID-19 within prisons compared to the community. An overreliance on segregation of incarcerated individuals as a preventive measure raises concerns under s. 7 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the Charter) and international human rights. There are also equality concerns under s. 15 of the Charter, given the high proportion of Indigenous people in prison. Ultimately, some prison systems’ failure to respond adequately to the pandemic impedes the successful flattening of the curve and will likely prolong the life of COVID-19 in the community. It highlights the urgency of the much-needed prison reforms that have been overlooked for decades.

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In an important 1984 paper, “The Moral Education Theory of Punishment,” Jean Hampton justifies the practice of inflicting painful criminal punishments if and only if punishment is morally educative. Hampton’s suggestion forms the point of departure for this paper on Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment. Below, I show that Dostoevsky agrees with Hampton that punishment should aim at moral reform; however, Dostoevsky presents no evidence that self-punishment or legal punishment reliably cultivates respect for law, legal authority, oneself, or for others as moral agents. Instead, Dostoevsky’s post-Siberian writings are highly critical of Russian criminal justice, and emphasize that moral education comes through dialogue, reflection, and criticism. This highly individualized treatment may be experienced as painful, but it does not have to result from, and it may even be impeded by, legal “hard treatment.”
Keywords: moral education; punishment; Dostoevsky; rehabilitation; crime

El documento sistematiza la normativa penitenciaria en Chile y explora los principales mecanismos judiciales y administrativos de reclamación en conflictos penitenciarios. La línea argumentativa apunta a que las dificultades normativas provienen de la ausencia de respeto político a la población penitenciaria y a la independencia que mantiene el poder ejecutivo sobre el sistema penitenciario en general.

The research seeks to determine if participation in art therapy programs while incarcerated will lower the offender’s chance of recidivism – the act of being re-arrested and re-admitted to the corrections system after prior release. Within the global community, the culture of incarceration within the United States is unique in terms of its rate of incarceration and its tendency to afford lengthy sentences to those who commit non-violent crimes. Additionally, most American prisons have developed internal and administrative cultures that typically result in jails and prisons being places of psychological harm. By conducting a systematic review of the literature, this research will clarify the current state of research regarding art therapy in corrections and present qualitative meta-data supporting the hypothesis that those who participate in art therapy while incarcerated may demonstrate a lowered rate of recidivism post-release. Finally, this research would be used to advocate for the implementation of art therapy programs in jails and prisons as an institutional norm, establishing art therapists as mental health professionals with the same usefulness in the justice system as court and jail psychologists.
Keywords: Corrections, jail, prison, art therapy, recidivism

THIS IS YOUR CUE: TIME TO TAKE ACTION
Call upon the community or general public, parents and youths, mental health professionals, physicians and nurses, educators, Facebook and other internet social media, religious groups, athletes, celebrities, secular and SBNR, school administrators, news media, Hollywood, academia, scientists, employers and employees, business owners and managers, private individuals and public officials, to join their talents, opportunities, and influence to support student mental health and end school shootings. Sharing this article is one way you can help https://www.academia.edu/35809557