Corporate Ethics

Non-collateralised, good-intentioned, African Promoters of Infrastructural Investment Programs are challenged by a gamut of obstacles, not least, the Cost of Feasibilities Studies, Cost of Land Acquisition and requisite Technical Competencies. Whilst some Ethical Infrastructural Investment Firms i.e. Beyond

The question of who exactly is responsible for an organization's actions cannot be too carefully considered, as a clear understanding of this point is crucial from ethical, moral, managerial, and public perspectives. This article discusses how to justify a non-participant member's responsibility for the actions of other group members, establishing collective responsibility. The article develops a novel context-depended framework that solves this problem by supplying good grounds for perceiving organizations as organic entities, which is adequate for establishing collective responsibility. I suggest that to be responsible for the actions of an organization, one has to belong to that organization, even if one has not taken any part at any level in group actions. The more regular concept of causal responsibility is not applicable here since it cannot account for the responsibility of non-participant members.

This article investigates the discrepancy between companies' sustainability communication and their actual practices, introducing the expression "Green Slogans and Gray Behaviors." Coined by the authors, this expression goes beyond Greenwashing by capturing the complexity of corporate actions that oscillate between idealized statements and real behaviors. The research includes a qualitative theoretical review on Greenwashing, ESG, and sustainability, as well as the analysis of real company cases. The results highlight the need for a genuine commitment to sustainability, emphasizing the importance of transparency and authenticity in business practices. The critical analysis of corporate strategies from this new perspective allows for a more accurate assessment of organizations' commitment to sustainability.

Strategic leadership is critical in turbulent environments, enabling organizations to navigate uncertainty while maintaining stability and long-term objectives. This study explored how adaptive, transformational, and ethical leadership frameworks enhanced resilience and decision-making during crises, highlighting the integration of digital tools as a strategic enabler. It examined the role of strategic leadership in managing crises and turbulent environments, focusing on its impact on organizational resilience, decision-making, ethical governance, and digital transformation. The analysis highlighted the critical traits and strategies required for effective leadership in times of uncertainty and identifies actionable frameworks for future implementation. The study adopted a systematic review methodology, synthesizing findings from 20 empirical and theoretical studies published between 2000 and 2025. Peer-reviewed journal articles were selected based on their focus on strategic leadership, crisis management, and organizational resilience. Themes such as leadership styles, ethical governance, decision-making, and digital transformation were analyzed using a thematic framework. The review revealed that transformational leadership enhanced resilience by 82%, while ethical leadership improved organizational citizenship behaviors by 75%. Adaptive decision-making frameworks demonstrated a 45% improvement in accuracy, and digitally agile organizations reduced decision-making time by 50%. Digital tools increased crisis recovery rates by 60% and team productivity by 62%. The findings underscore the importance of anticipatory strategies, ethical frameworks, and technological integration in effective crisis management. However, gaps in the literature, including the lack of studies on public sector leadership, SME-specific strategies, and longitudinal research are critical areas for future exploration. Strategic leadership, characterized by adaptability, ethics, and technological integration, is essential for managing complexity and uncertainty. By aligning strategies with cultural norms and leveraging digital tools, organizations can enhance resilience and decision-making capabilities during crises. Organizations should invest in leadership training emphasizing adaptability, ethical governance, and digital literacy. Public sector and SME-specific frameworks must be developed, and longitudinal studies should be prioritized to assess long-term leadership efficacy. Such initiatives will prepare leaders to navigate future crises effectively.

The awareness is growing that companies have an important role to play towards achieving environmental sustainability, hence the importance of incorporating that concept within modern company law. The latest review of the Nigerian corporate legislation, the Companies and Allied Matters Act 2020, has seen the law imposing some environmental responsibility on directors for the impact of the company's operations on the environment in the communities where it carries on business operations. Using theoretical analysis, this paper examined this new development in the law and discovered that, aside from its potential to let directors get away with the company's environmental pollution occurring away from its immediate area of operations, the law also fails to demonstrate exactly how directors are to discharge the duty therein, and how stakeholders may monitor them in that regard. The paper thus recommends an amendment to this law, as well as requiring environmental and sustainability reporting by directors.

This paper aims to illustrate how entrepreneurial NFP organisational managers are faced with both financial and social dilemmas in today's society (Burnett, 2009; Frances, 2008). The focus is on notfor-profit organisations from a social entrepreneurship and social venture perspective (Burnett, 2008, Bornstein, 2004, Dees, 1998a; 1998b), and discusses a number of NFP revenues stream models. Business incubators and other social ventures as examples of not-for-profit organisations. Defining not-for-profit and social enterprise According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics there were just over 41,000 NFPs operating in Australia at the end of 2007, employing just under 890,000 people (ABS, 2007). Not-for-profits of all sizes and values form an important part of the Australian economy and contribute significantly towards economic growth in areas such as mental and physical health, social welfare, the arts, sport and education (Goldstein 2009; Tyler, 2005). Particularly, Edwards (2008) argues that without the functioning of NFPs and charitable organisations one would not be able to address pressing societal issues such as poverty, hunger, homelessness, and more recently, issues that tackle the sustainability of the way that communities consume the finite resources of the earth.

This study suggest there are certain similarities between accounting scandal and expected global crises such as: lack of reliable and accurate accounting information, markets` negligence of basic rules and price bobbles. All these factors have brought an erosion of public confidence. Setting up public confidence requires radical changes such as: tough accounting legislations like SOX, continuous improvement in GAAP, introducing of insurance mechanism on auditing reports etc. ÖZET Bu çalışma Amerika Birleişk Devletleri'nde ortaya çıkan muhasebe skandalları ile 2002 yılında bu skandalları sonlandırabilmek umuduyla yürülüğe sokulan Sarbanes-Oxley Yasası (Sarbanes-Oxley Act/SOA) incelenecektir. Ayrıca bu çalışma ile finansal krizler ile muhasebe skandalları arasındaki ilişki incelenmeye çalışılacaktır. Bu amaçla konuya muhasebeciler, denetçiler ve finansal piyasa uygulayıcıları açısından ayrı ayrı bakılacaktır.

Consider three examples of problematic corporate decision making: first, in 2002, employees were "less likely to have employer-provided insurance than thirty years ago," and the price of health care for those who do receive it is ever increasing. In fact, one-third of full-time employees do not have employer-provided health insurance, and this figure rises to over 85 percent for men and women in nonstandard employment. Second, while many employees are without health insurance, the compensation for chief executive officers and other executive officers has increased dramatically. For example, between 1989 and 2000, the average compensation of CEOs increased by 342 percent. CEOs made twenty-six times more than the typical worker in 1965, which increased to seventy-two times more by 1989, and further increased to 310 times more by 2000. Third, consider the well-publicized examples of corporate decisions to engage in fraudulent and unethical business practices. Managers have fixated on stock prices and profits, and, in the process, they have inflated their earnings, threatened the integrity of U.S. financial markets and destroyed major companies. Similarly, ongoing Medicare and Medicaid corporate fraud undermines the availability of health care for the poor and the elderly. These problems will not be solved by glib references to market ideology that claim markets alone adequately regulate corporate behavior. Nor will these problems be solved by assuming that a few bad apples were responsible. Indeed, only by examining the environmental context in which 214 SEATTLE JOURNAL FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE CORPORATE ETHICS AND GOVERNANCE IN THE HEALTH CARE MARKETPLACE decision making occurs will corporate ethics in the health care marketplace be furthered. This article is a brief overview of the importance of an organization's structure, policies, and practices in the establishment of an ethical climate. An organization's climate affects whether individual employees, as well as the leaders of the organization, make ethical or unethical decisions. Part II of this article begins by defining ethical climates and describes how they are ascertained. Part III discusses two contextual factors in more detail: workplace leadership and reward structures. Finally, this article concludes with some basic recommendations for motivating organizations to work toward creating ethical climates. Ethical climates refer to the ethical meaning attached by employees to organizational policies, practices, and procedure. 9 They are ascertained through employee and stakeholder questionnaires, focus groups, employee exit interviews, and the like. 10 The Ethics Resources Center, a nonprofit organization, provides an example of an ethical climate-employee questionnaire that covers issues such as corporate values, corporate decision-making criteria, corporate leadership, reward structures, and monitoring. Academic researchers have also developed an employee questionnaire that classifies corporate climates by their predominant ethical decision making criterion: self-interest, benevolence (caring), or principle. 12 Not surprisingly, self-interested climates are associated with more unethical decision making than benevolent and principled climates. Recently, Congress, the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC), and other governmental and non-governmental entities have responded to organizational wrongdoing by largely focusing on rules relating to conflicts of interest and codes of ethics. 14 While these are important subjects, no attention has been given to utilizing employee questionnaires or other

It attempts at putting in place some sense of 'sound moral values' within a company's employee population as regards how they could conduct business responsibly. The recent corporate scandals globally (which have been taken to unprecedented levels) have made managers and researchers to turn their attentions to questions of ethics management. This paper therefore examines how national culture influences 'sound moral values' in business enterprises. As the main objective of business enterprises is to maximise profit, this should be done within some acceptable 'sound moral values' or what can be referred to as business/corporate ethics. The study being qualitative relies on the interview research technique while employing primary and secondary sources of data collection. The study concludes that national culture determines corporate/business culture while corporate/business culture is fashioned after national culture. The implication of this is that multinational companies cannot expect that the same business ethics operating in their home countries can be 'exported' to the host countries. This is mainly because of differences in the culture of the host countries and the home countries. Secondly, a template of business ethics is therefore problematic if not impossible.

The role of the for-benefit corporate model could be central to Canada’s social innovation ecosystem. This paper investigates how legislated for-benefit models could pave the way for social enterprises to transform how Canadians address social needs and solve social problems. Design thinking and systemic design inform the research framework. A four-phase design cycle guides the research, with phases dedicated to analogous inspiration, documenting results, conducting analysis, and considering implementation. A comparison of corporate features places Canada’s social enterprise activities in the context of the United Kingdom and the United States. In-person interviews, an online questionnaire, and a survey of social entrepreneurs indicate that respondents, while mindful of the risks posed by getting the model wrong, are overwhelmingly positive about the for-benefit form. Comments reflecting the input of 75 respondents illuminate how the for-benefit corporate model can meet Canada’s soc...

This research aims to explore the factors influencing the sustainable enhancement of Islamic banking value, focusing on Islamic bank performance as a mediator and environmental disclosure as a moderator. It seeks to provide insights into sustainable financial practices aligned with Islamic Shariah values. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employs a quantitative approach using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data collected from three Islamic commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over a four-year period (2019-2022). The research investigates the relationships between Islamic intellectual capital (IIC), Islamic corporate governance (ICG), Islamic Maqashid Index (IMI), Islamic bank performance (PIB), environmental disclosure (ED), and the value of Islamic banks (VIB). Findings: The results indicate that Islamic intellectual capital and Islamic corporate governance have a negative impact on Islamic bank performance. Furthermore, Islamic Maqashid Index does not significantly influence the value of Islamic banks. However, Islamic bank performance positively affects the value of Islamic banks. Additionally, environmental disclosure moderates the relationship between Islamic bank performance and the value of Islamic banks positively. Research Limitations/Implications: The study is limited to a specific sample of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia and a four-year period. Future research could expand the sample size and duration to enhance the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, qualitative research methods could provide deeper insights into stakeholders' perspectives on environmental disclosure and its impact on Islamic banking value. Practical Implications: The findings suggest that Islamic banks should focus on improving their performance to enhance their value. Moreover, incorporating environmental responsibility into their operations can further bolster their legitimacy and stakeholder trust, ultimately contributing to sustainable financial practices. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the literature by examining the complex relationships between Islamic intellectual capital, corporate governance, Maqashid Sharia, bank performance, environmental Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4747846 2 disclosure, and bank value in the context of Islamic banking. It sheds light on sustainable financial practices aligned with Islamic values and provides practical insights for stakeholders in the Islamic banking industry.

In the contemporary digital era, academics are actively engaged in the rigorous exploration and debate of the new concept of Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR). CDR, distinct from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) due to its focus on the ethical development and use of technology, has emerged as a critical discourse, particularly for Big Tech companies. While it may seem logical that Big Tech's enormous influence on society should reflect an equally large obligation, regulation, and ethical responsibility, the film unveils a complex power struggle between big tech entities, stakeholders, governing bodies, and consumer behaviors. This raises the analytical question: What level of corporate digital responsibility (CDR) should be

In this study, we examine how the presence of multiple stakeholder identities influences the way in which individuals evaluate corporate reputations. Adopting a social identity approach to stakeholders, we investigate the mechanisms of the integration of consumers’ and job seekers’ identity perspectives in evaluating corporate reputations in some well-established market economies (Australia and Italy) and transition countries (Bulgaria and Russia). Drawing on data from 892 consumers and prospective employees, our findings are twofold. First, they reveal that the consumer’s identity influences the ways in which individuals assess companies’ reputations as potential employees. Second, individuals from well-established market economies seem to consider the consumer’s perspective on corporate reputation as an anchor for differentiation in 2 their job seeker perspective on corporate reputation. In contrast, in transition markets, individuals tend to “follow” the consumers’ values in defi...

This research paper explores the corporate ethical issues surrounding the Murdoch's Phone Hacking Scandal, which involved the British tabloid newspaper, News of the World, and its parent company, News Corporation (now known as 21st Century Fox). The scandal, which emerged in 2011, exposed illegal phone hacking practices used by the newspaper to obtain sensitive information about public figures, celebrities, and crime victims. This case study examines the ethical dimensions of the scandal, the role of key stakeholders, and the consequential influence on the media industry and News Corporation's reputation. The paper also analyzes the responses and measures taken by the company to address the ethical breach and restore public trust.

Public apologies are so prevalent in our social lives that they have become a subject of scholarly investigation all over the globe. The present study, which involves coding, frequency counting, and qualitative analysis, examines the strategic aspects of 16 public apologies issued to Filipino apologizees. The results of our analysis indicate that apologizers often choose varied knowledge types and draw upon presuppositions to strategically omit details that can negatively influence their credibility and the reception of their apology. More specifically, apologizers use the audience's presuppositions to avoid presenting common knowledge of the offense that may incriminate them further; they also omit the mention of future action that may hold them more accountable for their transgressions. Our present analysis bolsters the view that although the sincerity of public apologies cannot be exactly measured, they are still performed as part of image repair and management of interpersonal relationships.

Many firms are increasing their focus on their Supply Chain as a strategic factor. This focus has primarily emphasized cost reducing and risk minimizing, although some proactive companies began to manage their supply chain in a responsible way several years ago. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the part of the Corporate Social Responsibility literature that introduces responsibility to the field of supply chain management; furthermore, it processes public documents and Internet sites of major global firms suggesting a framework to implement RSCM practices. The aim of this article is the theoretical and practical foundation of potential research in the field of Responsible Supply Chain Management

The theory of Stewardship is not the new concept but it came in the light in 2010 when UK established its UK Stewardship code, which became the model code for many countries who made the code in their country on the line of UK code. The code comprises set of principles on how institutional investors are ought to act as shareholders of companies. This code works on the 'comply or explain' approach. This holds relevance in the backdrop of several irregularities found in the governance of many companies and several scams took place relating to the institutional investors. This topic became relevant in India after Uday Kotak Committee report on the corporate governance which recommended common Stewardship Code across sectors. Moreover, UK-India Financial Partnership also recommended for the same. In the light of the above needs, India must have a Stewardship Code based on the principle of transparency and accountability. India should frame its code based on the best international practices and also taking into consideration the special needs of the Indian Capital Market. This code will help in setting the accountability to the institutional investors. They need to participate in the investee company by way of voting and by way of participation in the meeting, which will help the ultimate investor's investment. This in a way will helpful for the Investee Company as well as for the investors/ beneficiaries. This paper focuses on a particular manifestation of this positive view of shareholder engagement as per stewardship code envisaged by Kotak Committee Panel and emergence of shareholders activism in India.

Co-Creation has attracted serious research attention in the recent past. Purpose of this paper is to review co-creation research, classify research articles according to the two approaches, content and process and on the basis of methodologies used in the articles and find the gaps in the literature for better co-creation research. A total of 110 articles from 53 refereed journals are classified into six categories on the basis of content approach: Value co-creation, cocreation, customer engagement, co-innovation, co-destruction and customer network. Research methodologies were classified into conceptual, empirical, descriptive, exploratory and experimental approaches. This study finds lacking in co-creation evaluation and implementation as well as better facilitation of co-creation value chain and processes. This paper could be helpful for business managers as well as for the firms to understand co-creation efficiency and to regain the customer's satisfaction, trust and loyalty to facilitate customers to innovate and enhance competitive advantage.

This article is an introduction to the selection of papers on "Business Ethics in Spain" included in this monographic issue of the Journal of Business Ethics. Specifically, this article is a survey of the development of the social, political, cultural and economic background of business in Spain since 1940, in order to show how the ethical values, attitudes and problems of the Spanish managers changed in these years. First, the global evolution of this background is explained, and then several relevant problems are discussed, namely those of the attitudes of business towards the State and the law (with an aside on the attitudes of society towards profit and wealth), corruption, and the grey economy, taxes, and irregular labour. The article concludes with a survey of the scientific developments of business ethics in Spain.

Many firms are increasing their focus on their Supply Chain as a strategic factor. This focus has primarily emphasized cost reducing and risk minimizing, although some proactive companies began to manage their supply chain in a responsible way several years ago. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the part of the Corporate Social Responsibility literature that introduces responsibility to the field of supply chain management; furthermore, it processes public documents and Internet sites of major global firms suggesting a framework to implement RSCM practices. The aim of this article is the theoretical and practical foundation of potential research in the field of Responsible Supply Chain Management

In this research we investigate the impact of television advertisement on children with special reference to confectionary product in Palayamkottai. A questionnaire was used in order to collect data on impact of television advertisement on children with special reference to confectionary product different school of Palayamkottai were visited in order to collected data .The respondent agreed with this statement that there is impact of television advertisement on children with special reference to confectionary product.

Indigenous cultural heritage plays an essential role in the building of the identity of indigenous peoples and thus its protection has profound significance for their dignity and the realization of their human rights. Although the recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights and cultural heritage has gained some momentum at the international law level since the adoption of the 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP),1 law and policy tend to favour macroeconomic notions of growth regardless of actual or potential infringement of indigenous entitlements.2 Many of the estimated 370 million indigenous peoples around the world have lost, or are under imminent threat of losing, their ancestral lands, because of the exploitation of natural resources.3 While the clash between economic development and indigenous peoples’ rights is by no means new, this chapter approaches this well known theme from a new perspective by focusing on international economic law. ...

This study develops a hybrid, bottom-up approach to field research, namely Rapid Situation Analysis, and implements it in Ghana. It draws on elements from two existing participatory methodological approaches: Rapid Rural Appraisal and Participatory Rural Appraisal. The approach was developed to suit the particular needs of investigating corporate social responsibility practices, sustainable development and poverty reduction through tourism, a fragmented sector which tends to be ambiguous and unstructured and lack cohesion (unlike, for example, agriculture or primary health care, both of which are familiar territory for Rapid Rural Appraisal and Participatory Rural Appraisal). The Rapid Situation Analysis bottom-up approach to data gathering was underpinned by supporting methods, including participant and direct observation, in-depth interviews, stakeholder focus groups and informal conversations. Moreover, the multiple methods were further enriched by the collection of visual data in the form of moving and still images. These research findings were fed back to the communities at the centre of the research.

Ethical Leadership" in modern multicultural corporations is first the consideration of different personal and cultural value systems in decision-making processes. Second, it is the assignment of responsibility either to individual or organisational causalities. The task of this study is to set the stage for a distinction between rational entities and the arbitrary preferences of individuals in economic decision making processes. Defining rational aspects of behaviour in economics will lead to the formal structures of organisational systems, which are independent of concrete but varying "values". Luhmann's "Theory of systems of communication" describes the internal dynamic forces of economic communication processes in terms of formal structures. On the other hand Habermas' "Theory of discourse" integrates the previous relationship between individual subjectivity and rational behaviour. Habermas gives an indication of how to separate subjective values and meaning from rational arguments in rational communication processes. The translation of these theoretical structures into practical applications for decision making processes and decision taking acts links the ethical, or valueoriented, context precisely to both individual and organisational areas of responsibility.

In view of the scope and scale of the latest scandals, e.g. Enron's maximum breaking bankruptcy, the re-discovery of ethics in business has received an impressive boost. By now even car salesmen have written ethics, ''a Code of Conduct'', e.g. in the USA or Poland. But there is no clear aim of the role ethics obtains in organizational settings as we may show in some small cases of practical approaches to deal with ethics in organizations. We discuss how ethics is the prerequisite to conduct any business and what advantages may be realized if a clear set of ethics is followed. We will discuss three practical examples. In cases of ethics-based valuesadded management of Siemens (Germany), Boeing (U.S.) and SAP (Germany) we explain the mechanisms of ethics in management to strengthen organizational success. We emphasize the importance of clear ethics-related communication processes in organizations. We explain the use of communication theories inside organizational processes to clarify communication about such an abstract topic as ethics. Finally, we point out how a management of ethical ideas and cultural values should be designed in business enterprises.

This case study reflects on a traumatic incident at an Invicta Watch event in 2015, exploring the psychological implications of mass hysteria and Stockholm Syndrome within a corporate setting. It also examines the influence of societal determinism in psychology and astrology on the author's journey through adversity and recovery, as detailed in the book "Hidden Paths" by Joan Manuel Quitian Ramos.

This paper presents some key findings of a quantitative study which assessed a group of Chinese educational leaders’ value orientations. A survey instrument “The Institutional Values Inventory” was used to investigate their perspectives on the values espoused by their institutions in terms of traditional Confucian ethics and values of hierarchical relationship, collectivism, humanism, and self-cultivation. It discusses implications for leadership preparation and practice in an increasingly globalized context.

The Arithmeticality and Mathematicality of Casualties - both Human and Infrastructural - are Critical to Determining Accountability, Responsibility & Culpability of Combatants and Complicity of their backers

Reported Israeli Casualties - 1,400
Reported Palestinian Casualties - 7,326
Reported UNRWA Casualties - 53
Reported Hostages - 220
Journalist Casualties - Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ - 29
Ps/ These statistics change as the hostilities continue

One reflects on this contemporary, but historical
subject of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict as a Casualty
of Centuries of the carefully choreographed and
orchestrated, systemic, Anti-African Holocaust, [both
in continental Africa and the African Diaspora]; and
therefore can relate with Victims of the Jewish
Pogrom and the Palestinian Occupation Pogrom. Historicity, Ethics, Equity, Peace and Justice drive my conscience to wade into the conversation for wise
resolution - to Alleviate Needless Suffering and Save
Precious Lives - Children, Elderly, Women, Patients
and most vulnerable in these societies.

One makes noimperialist Geopolitical nor Belligerent, Militaristic
Presumptions nor Pretensions, as I harbour none such
interests; excepting the craving for a lasting Peace
that is equally beneficial to Citizens of Independent, Sovereign Palestinian State alongside an Independent, Sovereign Jewish State of comparable
Military Capabilities, which stably coexist. Is this too
much to ask of humankind in general, beyond
Global Leadership? Very doable in my opinion & time
is of the essence!

Operationalising the notion of ethics, along with its applications in the field of entrepreneurship, has made possible the investigation of the influence exerted by the socio-cultural, economic, and legal environment on entrepreneurs' ethical behavior while they engage in the process of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of socio-cultural, economic, and legal factors on the development of business ethics. On the other hand, we analyze the influence of the development of business ethics on the entrepreneurial process. The population of the study contained 57 Tunisian young entrepreneurs in different sectors. In order to gathering the data required for measuring the study variables a questionnaire was developed. The results of the study showed that some personal traits as well as certain socio-cultural, economic, and legal factors influence their decision during the entrepreneurial process. It has been noticed that there are significant differences between the levels of development in the ethical orientation characterizing each phase of the entrepreneurial process. These differences are related to the entrepreneur's strategy, the organizational environment, and stakeholders' strategies.

It is no secret that things often work differently in China than what we are used to in the Western world. This paper aims to discuss how traditional Chinese beliefs, values and cultural norms impact Chinese Management styles. The paper outlineswhy Confucianism can be considered a management approach and howChinese culture influences decision-making, relationship, and change management.Furthermore, the paper highlights some recent developments related to technological advancements and Covid19 and their interplay with managerial approaches. Literature sources have been researched based on theirtimely relevance for the topic and their broad acceptance.

The concept of corporate responsibility (CR) has moved a long way over the past six decades, since Bowen's book titled Social Responsibilities of the Businessman marked a modern era of business and society research. In this article, we trace the development of business and society literature to provide contextual background to contemporary studies of CR. As well as looking backward, however, we also project forward arguing that fundamental changes in the current business environment are likely to propel CR to new heights in the future. In particular, we explore the mechanisms by which CR affects stakeholder behavior and suggest ways in which scholars and practitioners may want to apply advances from psychology to link CR strategy to human motivation and the notion of balance in organizations and society.

for useful comments on earlier drafts. The usual disclaimer applies. Living by the water with a view of the opposite shore ceaselessly reminded me of my place in the world. Then one day a bridge connecting the two shores of the Bosporus was built. When I went up on the �n�e aM� �M�' eycd (� �M�Mpc, Z �M�xcd ;� [ MM eMM �Mef �M� }' e� more �Ofe/ }' fo �M t/tf h�o ��or M bridge and surveyed the landscape, I realized it was even better and yet more lovely ta see the two shores at once. I felt that a bridge between the two shores created the best solution ever; it enabled the possibility of communicating with each shore without completely belonging to either. This unveiled the finest scenery of all.2 2

Public apologies are so prevalent in our social lives that they have become a subject of scholarly investigation all over the globe. The present study, which involves coding, frequency counting, and qualitative analysis, examines the strategic aspects of 16 public apologies issued to Filipino apologizees. The results of our analysis indicate that apologizers often choose varied knowledge types and draw upon presuppositions to strategically omit details that can negatively influence their credibility and the reception of their apology. More specifically, apologizers use the audience's presuppositions to avoid presenting common knowledge of the offense that may incriminate them further; they also omit the mention of future action that may hold them more accountable for their transgressions. Our present analysis bolsters the view that although the sincerity of public apologies cannot be exactly measured, they are still performed as part of image repair and management of interpersonal relationships.

A crise financeira que iniciou em 2008 fez surgir uma vaga de protestos contra a falta de transparência, de accountability e de responsabilidade tanto de instituições privadas como públicas. Naturalmente, destes protestos resultou o recrudescimento da ação reguladora e de controlo por via legislativa e resultou também um maior interesse académico sobre temas de ética corporativa. Os Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade podem desempenhar um papel importantíssimo na promoção de novas abordagens e formas de pensar a ética que, por aplicação exclusiva de pressões externas (e.g., legislação), muito dificilmente se materializarão. Com efeito, os Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade estão intrinsecamente ligados aos centros de decisão de empresas e instituições públicas num abraço que permite, por um lado, aceder a informação "sensível" e, por outro, intervir de forma orgânica. O presente artigo defende que a intensificação do uso da abordagem fenomenológica para o estudo do comportamento corporativo contribui para desmascarar comportamento perversos, mais comuns em tempos de crise. Defende que a abordagem fenomenológica ajusta-se perfeitamente aos Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade e, por isso, deveria ser mais usada. É este o posicionamento teórico da presente comunicação, que exemplifica com transcrições de casos reais do setor da construção paradoxos e incentivos perversos ocorridos em tempos de crise.

This an article derived from the dissertation "Multinational Corporation and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case Study of MTN Nigeria in Selected Local Government Areas of Niger State 2003-2019." The article summarized a part of the findings and recommends a solution to the void of corporate social responsibility in Niger State.

Zusammenfassung. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Forschungsfelder und methodische Aspekte der arbeits- und organisationspsychologischen Forschungsbeiträge, die in den Jahren 2004 und 2005 in 14 deutschsprachigen wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften publiziert wurden. Dabei zeigt sich eine Fokussierung der Arbeiten auf wenige Forschungsfelder, u. a. auf Eignungsdiagnostik/Personalauswahl, Belastung und Beanspruchung/Stress sowie organisationales Commitment und Extra-Rollenverhalten. Die arbeits- und organisationspsychologische Forschung findet ganz überwiegend im Felde statt. Es dominieren Analysen auf individualer Ebene; Gruppen oder Organisationen als Ganze stehen selten im Mittelpunkt der Analyse. Ursachen und Handlungsmöglichkeiten werden diskutiert.

A crise financeira que iniciou em 2008 fez surgir uma vaga de protestos contra a falta de transparência, de accountability e de responsabilidade tanto de instituições privadas como públicas. Naturalmente, destes protestos resultou o recrudescimento da ação reguladora e de controlo por via legislativa e resultou também um maior interesse académico sobre temas de ética corporativa. Os Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade podem desempenhar um papel importantíssimo na promoção de novas abordagens e formas de pensar a ética que, por aplicação exclusiva de pressões externas (e.g., legislação), muito dificilmente se materializarão. Com efeito, os Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade estão intrinsecamente ligados aos centros de decisão de empresas e instituições públicas num abraço que permite, por um lado, aceder a informação "sensível" e, por outro, intervir de forma orgânica. O presente artigo defende que a intensificação do uso da abordagem fenomenológica para o estudo do comportamento corporativo contribui para desmascarar comportamento perversos, mais comuns em tempos de crise. Defende que a abordagem fenomenológica ajusta-se perfeitamente aos Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade e, por isso, deveria ser mais usada. É este o posicionamento teórico da presente comunicação, que exemplifica com transcrições de casos reais do setor da construção paradoxos e incentivos perversos ocorridos em tempos de crise.

This paper suggests that some climate denialism is bullshit. Those who spread it do not display a proper concern for the truth. This paper also shows that this bullshit is harmful in some significant ways. It undermines the epistemic demands imposed on us by what we care about, by the social roles we occupy, and by morality. It is also harmful because it corrodes epistemic trust.

Purpose-To integrate agency and stakeholder theories with the Jacobs Value Distinction (JVD) thus presenting a micro and macro reconsideration of the JVD for a finer grained perception of the values underpinning corporate and global governance initiatives. Design/methodology/approach-By extrapolating the JVD-commercial and guardian-this chapter examines the roots of moral malaise in the modern global firm. Examples and a theoretical rationale are given for identifying why and how ethical-moral problems continue to occur. Findings-A metaphorical maelstrom is discernible in the global business environment and more turmoil, especially in balancing business values, is emerging for the managers of today's corporations. Application of the JVD predicts that under certain conditions the hybrid nature of the firm causes managers and shareholders to engage in morally risky behaviour. In further exploring the value basis of the 10 principles of the United Nations (UN) Global Compact, it is found that similar values conflict, Principles and Strategies to Balance Ethical, Social and Environmental Concerns with Corporate Requirements which intensifies the need for international business managers to beware the moral risks. Research implications-This viewpoint draws upon sound theoretical analysis and future studies should collate case analysis and practitioner interview data to further consolidate the findings. The viewpoint gives managers a useful tool for identifying conflicts of values underlying decisions and forms the basis for continuous improvement in the context of operational and strategic actions in international business. Originality/value of chapter-The integration of the JVD with agency and stakeholder theories is new and critique of the 10 principles of the UN Global Compact via the JVD has not happened previously. INTRODUCTION: FINDING FORM IN A STORM Our first slide into the abyss itself, from the belt of foam above, had carried us to a great distance down the slope; but our further descent was by no means proportionate. Round and round we swept-not with any uniform movement-but in dizzying swings and jerks, that sent us sometimes only a few hundred yards-sometimes nearly the complete circuit of the whirl. Our progress downward, at each revolution, was slow, but very perceptible.