Conversational Analysis

Diese beiden lexikalischen Partikeln wurden bewusst ausgewählt, da gut und schön jeweils Äquivalente als positive Bewertungsadjektive mit einem propositionalen Gehalt und in Wörterbüchern notierten Bedeutungen haben. Dadurch sind die Partikeln hinsichtlich des lexikalischen Materials nahverwandt, allerdings tritt gut deutlich häufiger als schön als Diskurspartikel auf." (S. 5)

les reForMulatioNs réParatriCes daNs l'iNterPrétatioN de CoNFéreNCe a b s t r a c t. Woroch Justyna, Les reformulations réparatrices dans l'interprétation de conférence [repair reformulations in conference interpreting]. studia romanica Posnaniensia, adam Mickiewicz university

les reForMulatioNs réParatriCes daNs l'iNterPrétatioN de CoNFéreNCe a b s t r a c t. Woroch Justyna, Les reformulations réparatrices dans l'interprétation de conférence [repair reformulations in conference interpreting]. studia romanica Posnaniensia, adam Mickiewicz university

This is an unofficial catalogue of the first 46 Boxes of c150 boxes of the Harvey Sacks Archive. It was produced over three visits to UCLA in 2017, 2018, 2019 and with the help of Terry Au-Yeung, Wu Xiaoping, and Rachel Chen. The visits were supported by a Grant from the University of Macau. The catalogue is partial, incomplete and with unknown errors due to the nature of the work and the materials but we hope it may be interesting and useful.

Budynek gimnazjum mińskiego mieścił salę teatralną w dobudowanym w roku 1801 skrzydle, zaprojektowanym przez architekta Fiodora Kramera. Posiadające dwa rzędy okien pomieszczenie ulokowane było na pierwszym piętrze. Sala była niewielkao długości 14 i szerokości 8,5 m, jej widownia posiadała miejsca na parterze i balkonie. Pomiędzy widownią a sceną wydzielono podłużną przestrzeń dla orkiestry. Zbliżona do powierzchni kwadratu scena miała 3-4 rzędy kulis i tło szerokości 5 m. Z zascenia przechodziło się do garderoby1. Teatrzyk, jak przewi dziano w projekcie architekta, zaopatrzono w kurtynę płócienną malowaną z pod nośnikiem, dwa piece i drewnianą podłogę. Cztery kolumny jońskie podtrzymy wały balkon przylegający do ściany wejściowej. Ponadto widownię okalał gzyms zdobiony w ząbki i rozety2.

In this paper I analyse agency through conversational alignment within trilingual transnational families living between the Antioch region in southern Turkey, where the eldest members were born, and France or Germany, where they migrated and where the members of the youngest generation were born. Focusing on language practices across three generations, based on conversational analysis of multilingual corpora recorded during ethnographic fieldwork, I explore agency within family language policy. The language repertoires of the members of these families include resources in Arabic, Turkish and the national languages of the country where they live (mostly French or German). In this transnational context, participants present varied profiles and asymmetrical language resources in their different languages. The analyses of their intergenerational conversations show the use of all languages, even the heritage language Arabic, by the youngest participants, encouraged by mutual alignments of language and of choice of varieties between grandparents and grandchildren.

Aizuchi, feedback and insertion are the 3 important elements in a Japanese language conversation. Aizuchi and feedback can be categorized as short utterance. This paper discussed short utterance in a conversation between native speakers and non-native speakers of Japanese language based on writer's research findings. This is because in general, students of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) have problems in constructing a real-life conversation in Japanese language. This paper tried to analyze the conversational situation between two Malaysian tour guides and two Japanese tourists. The face-to-face conversation occured when the tour guides brought the tourists to Aquaria KLCC (G1&T1) and Istana Negara (G2&T2). This research intended to expose the conversation between the culture of native speaker and non-native speaker as a reference to students who are learning Japanese language.

“I can find no disagreement with 'the concept of the level playing field'.
I work on a day-to-day basis to support this concept.
Many people support this concept.
Many people don't think about this concept.
Many people work against this concept.
It appears to me that the measure of the concept arises in praxis.
To some degree the 'concept of the level playing field' is similar to what Pizzorno refers to when he talks about 'rationality' - that rationality does not sit outside any event - rationality is calibrated within and 'by' an event.
The concept of the level playing field is a mode of thought like rationality and justice and is therefore subject to its context i.e. the context within which the level playing field is a term that is meaningful and accessible to those within that context.
It could be similar also, to what Stiegler calls a 'consistence' something that is an 'a priori'  -  a pre-given that does not 'exist' but 'consists of'- e.g. - justice is a consistence whereas the law is what exists.”

Dr Neil Peach, an Australian continental philosopher, 3 August 2024

The outcome and consequences of results from examination tests need to be communicated in a way that can be easily understood by the patient, encouraging them to follow the advice that has been given by the practitioner. For a number of reasons, the delivery of findings and advice to the patient is a highly complex communicative activity.1 The content of information given can vary widely in length and seriousness. In addition, patients can vary in their capacity to understand information delivered and in their ability to cope with ‘bad news’. Finally, the ways in which findings and advice are communicated can have a significant impact on patient adherence and compliance with management recommendations.

This paper studies a type of question-answer sequences which accomplish what can be considered as a delicate activity due to its projected sequential development. In contrast with other formats of question-answer sequences with different functions (i.e. eliciting information, checking the questionee’s knowledge, etc.), here the studied format seems to count on the questionee’s lack of knowledge, consequently projecting the questioner’s own answer. This hypothesis is examined through a detailed analysis of video-recorded guided tours in French and Italian. The paper describes the different sequence trajectories occurring after the guide’s question, and the difficulties both participants may find in dealing with the procedure.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the sociolinguistic functions and frequency of Teacher’s Code Switching (CS) in the content and language integrated (CLIL) Lesson. Furthermore, our purpose is to reveal students’ and teacher’s attitudes towards teacher’s code-switching in CLIL lesson. After a brief review of the literature concerning CLIL and the issue of code-switching the case study of teaching Math (Educational discourse) in one of the private schools in Tbilisi will be outlined as data, gathered by means of anonymous questionnaires, which were administered among students in the abovementioned Math classes. Moreover, the qualitative research aims to single out the number of teacher’s CS examples and analyze the interview with math’s teacher. The results show that there are 36 cases of teacher using L1 (Georgian) in 10 lessons (9 hours). Math’s teacher’s CS behavior mostly serves (1) the conversational function of interjection; (2) the classroom functions of introduci...

Objective: To evaluate the short-term outcomes of three total hysterectomy techniques. Material and method: We performed an observational retrospective study of 2527 patients aged 27 to 86 years who underwent hysterectomy for benign gynecologic disorders at the University of Chile's Clinical Hospital between January 1997 and December 2005. The variables analyzed were related to the surgery itself (including operating time and intrasurgical complications) and to the postoperative period (including postoperative complications). Finally, a comparative analysis of costs was made. Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables and the t test for comparison of two means was used for continuous variables. Results: Operating time required an average of 124 minutes for total laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH), 98 minutes for vaginal hysterectomy (VH), and 119 minutes for abdominal hysterectomy (AH); the lower operating time required for VH was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Postsurgical complications were significantly more frequent in AH, followed by VH and finally LH. The mean length of hospital stay was 2.7 days for VH, 3.1 days for AH, and 2.3 days for LH, and this difference was statistically significant. Cost analysis showed that LH was the most expensive procedure, followed by AH and finally VH. Conclusions: This study suggests that in our hospital VH is less expensive than LH. The latter presents some advantages over AH, including include fewer complications, shorter operating times, and shorter hospital stays.

Drawing on drafts and other material from the Harvey Sacks archive this paper examines the development of one of the defining papers of Conversation Analysis, A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation (Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson 1974). The discussion examines four drafts of the paper along with correspondence between the authors and with William Bright the editor of the journal Language where it was published. The four drafts trace the development of the paper from a 13-page draft to the final 106-page final draft submitted to the journal. By exploring the drafts as they evolved the discussion highlights the development of the central ideas in the paper, the distinctive style of the paper as it is revised, the changes of authorship, and the role of the editor of Language, William Bright, in helping to shape the paper through his own detailed reviews.

Cet article présente le dossier thématique de la revue.

Marcos, I., & Morier, C. (2023). Présentation. Centenaire de René Thom (1923-2023) : hommage sémiotique et morphodynamique. Estudos Semióticos, 19(1), i-xxviii. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1980-4016.esse.2023.210388

Körperliche wie seelische Gesundheit ist ein hohes individuelles und gesellschaftliches Gut und Grundrecht. Häufig wird die Gesundheit durch ihr Gegenteil, d. h. in der Verständigung über Krankheit, thematisiert. Der gesellschaftliche Austausch über Krankheiten, Gesundheitsrisiken und Behandlungsmethoden ist untrennbar mit Sprache verknüpft (Busch/Spranz-Fogasy 2015); die Sprache ist „[…] das zentrale Medium, um medizinisches Wissen herzustellen, zu systematisieren, zu tradieren und auszutauschen.“ (Busch/Spranz-Fogasy 2015: 336). Ausgehend von dieser Prämisse wurde das Netzwerk „Linguistik und Medizin“ gegründet, um die Forschungstätigkeiten der verschiedenen linguistischen Disziplinen, die an den Verbindungslinien von „Sprache – Wissen – Medizin“ arbeiten, zu bündeln: Forschungsdesiderate sollen kooperierend bearbeitet und die interdisziplinäre Anschlussfähigkeit zwischen linguistischen und medizinischen, psychiatrischen sowie salutogenetischen Forschungsbereichen auf- und ausgeba...

To promote social consciousness and a sense of responsibility, educational proposals organised around the principles of technology-enhanced project-based language learning (Dooly & Sadler,2016) should engage students in a process of reflecting upon and responding to crucial social issues. Thus, in this paper we will present a project carried out by two groups of primary students who launched a solidarity campaign to collect money for four Syrian children living in a refugee camp in Greece. The project was implemented in a cross-disciplinary Arts and Crafts class taught through English and resulted in significant outputs in English (those addressed to the Syrian children) and in Catalan (those targeted at the local community). First, we outline the student-led project and then we analyse some fragments of student plurilingual practices during the project development that demonstrate their learning gains. Our findings reveal that our meaningful contextualised cross-disciplinary projec...

Family members are significantly affected by the consequences of hearing impairment and can potentially play an important role in a client's hearing rehabilitation. This paper uses two types of interaction analysis (Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) and Conversation Analysis (CA)) to examine family member participation in a corpus of 17 video-recorded initial audiology appointments. RIAS results demonstrated that family members' primary active communication role in consultations involved information provision. The CA findings supported this, and additionally identified that when family members provided additional information, it was often in disaffiliation with clients' descriptions. In particular, disaffiliation arose concerning the extent of the client's hearing difficulties and the client's hearing rehabilitation needs. These 'disagreements' between clients and family members are analysed in detail, including how they were typically responded to by the audiologist. The implications of these disagreements are discussed in relation to family-centred care and effective rehabilitation in audiology.

The term ‘preferred’ is used in conversation analytic research on preference to describe how people systematically time/position and design their social actions in interaction when there are relevant alternatives possible. ‘Preferred’ has been used to refer to:
• an action that structurally aligns and cooperates with a prior conversational turn’s initiated course of action/project/activity;
• the design of an action—both sequence-initiating (FPP), and sequence-responding (SPP)—that is straightforward and fluent, and delivered at the earliest moment when it may be initially relevantly performed.

TEZ8589Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2011.Kaynakça (s. 91-94) var.xi, 95 s. : res., tablo ; 29 cm.This study aimed to investigate how learners and teachers construct identities in the language classroom, what identities they actively construct in classroom interaction with their instructors and classmates, and the linguistics resources they rely on in constructing these identities. The data were obtained from 6 classroom recordings from Level 2 classes at YADYO School of Foreign Languages, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. The data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using Conversation Analysis (ten Have, 1997) and Frame Analysis (Goffman, 1976; Robeiro, 2006). Findings suggest that second language teacher and second language teacher identities are not single-body identities, but rather, they are composed of sub-identities of &quot;&quot;Classroom Manager,&quot;&quot; &quot;&quot;Teach-er,&quot;&quot; and &quot;&quot;Friend&quot;&quot; for the second language te...

La proliferación, en los últimos años, de los modelos de lenguaje impulsados por las investigaciones en inteligencia artificial ha hecho que lingüistas de todas las disciplinas se interesen por estudiar las estrategias de estos modelos para generar un lenguaje que imita al de los seres humanos. El objeto de este trabajo es el estudio de la interacción con uno de estos modelos de lenguaje artificial, en concreto de ChatGPT-3. Para ello, se ha analizado un corpus de seis textos que contienen interacciones completas entre un interlocutor humano y este modelo de lenguaje. Se han segmentado los textos tomando como unidad básica de análisis la intervención,

Es scheint, als fehle in der Diskussion über die Homöopathie der Bezug zu den Grundlagen. Es wird stillschweigend vorausgesetzt, dass die Form der Medizin, die auf dem cartesianischen Wissenschaftsmodell beruht, die einzige sei. Sie ist aber nur eine der Strömungen der Heilkunst, welche viel früher entstand. Argumente gegen die Homöopathie erwachsen vor allem aus den nutzlosen Versuchen, die Wirkungsweise homöopathischer Medikamente innerhalb des cartesianischen Paradigmas zu erklären. Stattdessen sollten wir auf die neuen Informationstheorien vertrauen, die nicht nur für die Informationstechnologien, sondern auch für die Physik insgesamt entscheidend sind.

Today&#39;s society has different expectations from communication between doctor and patient than it had in the past centuries. People want to be informed about their illness and participate in the decision making process about possible treatment. Studies show that lack of information can be a main cause of low compliance. Effective communication skills are therefore requirement for every doctor. This is a particularly important issue when doctors treat patients from a foreign country. Language barrier and being in a stressful situation can negatively affect the communication between doctor and patient. In such situations patient information materials can endorse and complete the communication process between doctor and patient. This master thesis focused on text-type conventions for patient information materials in Polish and German. The analysis of package leaflets and patient information leaflets shows which text-type conventions should be considered in a translation process. Ano...

Clinicians engage in interactions with migrant patients that often experience low health literacy levels and linguistic barriers. Institutions are tasked to provide adequate interpreting services and ensure effective communication strategies. Among these, the teach-back (TB) method allows clinicians to check the patient's level of understanding by asking them to repeat what they have understood after health information is delivered. Despite its relevance in mono-/bilingual consultations, studies on TB when an interpreter is present are scarce. Drawing on case-study research and conversational analysis, this paper examines a dataset of interpreted-mediated interactions involving TB and occurring in a Spanish hospital. We aim to I) isolate instances of TB, II) detect scenarios where TB is used, III) develop an exploratory and descriptive analysis of two illustrative cases, and IV) provide suggestions for interpreter-clinician collaborative usage of TB in migrant healthcare provision.

Keywords: Healthcare interpreting, Teach-back, Health literacy, Cross-cultural communication, Case-study, Conversational analysis, Interprofessional collaboration

Korekta i opracowanie indeksu: Szczepan Całek Publikacja finansowana przez Wydział Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego ze środków MNiSW przyznanych na finansowanie badań naukowych. Kwerenda zagraniczna w Grenoble sfinansowana w ramach międzynarodowego projektu "Echanges et Partages franco-polonais en contexte européen: littératures, culture et sciences humaines", finansowanego z programu regionalnego SCUSI 17 przez francuski region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

This study examined the sociolinguistic analysis of some Akan proverbs. With this, the analysis predicated on the social contexts that bring about the use of the proverbs and their sociolinguistic implications. The data sourced from the research participants were analysed alongside Dell Hymes' (1974) "Ethnography of Communication", which also served as the theoretical framework that underpinned the study. In all, twenty one (p.21) proverbs were analysed which saw the various factors of communication, as postulated by Hymes (1974) coming to bear. Discussing the analysis, it was indicated that the home is the place where proverbs are mostly used. The time for the use of proverbs also saw the evening dominating in the data analysis. With the addressers under participants, men were found to be the people who mostly use proverbs in the Akan society. Anybody, be it a man, woman or child in the Akan society, qualifies to be addressed with proverbs, per the analysis in this study. The end of the use of Akan proverbs is to encourage, rebuke, admonish and warn the addressee. Finally, the key, which also manifests as the tone under which a particular proverb is used saw serious tone as the most frequently used tone in the analysis, as most Akan proverbs are used to direct the paths of its members, whenever they go wayward.

Ihre Forschungen ist nunmehr ganz festgestellt, daß Millionentheile die größten Wirkungen äußern. Empfangen Sie hier den Millionsten Theil einer lyoner Salami, den mir Herr Ernst für Sie übergab. Er wird bei Ihnen, falls die Homöopathie irgendwie eine Wahrheit ist, die Wirkung thun wie ein ganzer." 1

Ihre Forschungen ist nunmehr ganz festgestellt, daß Millionentheile die größten Wirkungen äußern. Empfangen Sie hier den Millionsten Theil einer lyoner Salami, den mir Herr Ernst für Sie übergab. Er wird bei Ihnen, falls die Homöopathie irgendwie eine Wahrheit ist, die Wirkung thun wie ein ganzer." 1

This work is an attempt to analyze how men and women communicate gender identity by using stereotypical traits in a chat line environment, through quantitative and qualitative data. In Study 1 (Coding & Counting Approach, Herring, 2004), 80 same-sex conversations (40 men and 40 women; 40 Italians and 40 Chileans), carried out in public chatrooms were analyzed using some Project H-Codebook categories and the X². The categories taken into consideration were:

Ovo istraživanje bilo je usmereno na ispitivanje promena u procesu donošenja odluka koje pod uticajem vršnjačke interakcije donose desetogodišnjaci. Pokušali smo da utvrdimo da li deca u grupi donose odčuke drugačije nego kada iste odluke donose samostalno. U prvoj fazi istraživanja, koja je podrazumevala individualno donošenje odluka, testirano je 139 učenika četvrtog razreda. Na osnovu njihovih odgovora formirano je 10 trijada za eksperimentalnu grupu. Kontrolnu grupu činilo je 31 dete sa istom strukturom početnih odgovora kao u eksperimentalnoj grupi. U drugoj fazi su deca iz kontrolne grupe još jednom samostalno odlučivala, dok su deca u eksperimentalnoj grupi donosila grupne odluke. Nalazi su pokazali da su ispitanici iz kontrolne grupe zadržavali svoje prethodne odluke, dok su ih deca u eksperimentalnoj grupi menjala pod uticajem vršnjaka, tako da su u grupi donosili manje rizične odluke. Ovaj nalaz može biti posledica uticaja konteksta u kojem je vršeno istraživanje (škola), ali i sadržaja korišćenog zadatka. Kvalitativna analiza socijalne interakcije pomogla nam je da razumemo tok grupnog donošenja odluka. Pronašli smo nekoliko mehanizama koji govore o tome kako deca menjaju svoju prvobitnu odluku u trijadi (pozivanje na mišljenje autoriteta, konverzaciona pasivnost, pravilo većine itd.), kao i o tome kako uspevaju da zadrže svoju odluku (konverzaciona aktivnost i argumentacija). Ključne reči: desetogodišnjaci, socijalna interakcija, donošenje odluka, analiza konverzacije 1 Članak je nastao kao rezultat rada autora na projektima podržanih od strane Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (brojevi projekata: 179034, 47008, ON 179033 i 179018).

Когнитивное интервью помогает вернуть исходный смысл пилотажу в социологическом исследовании. Когнитивные процессы в интервью стартуют с интерпретации вопроса и составляющих его терминов, включают этап формирования мнения и выработки суждения о нем и завершается редактированием ответа. Задачи когнитивного интервью-исследовать понятия, слова и концепты обыденного языка; вытаскивать смыслы, ассоциации и эмоции, связанные с предметом исследования; обнаруживать барьеры, блокирующие изложение респондентом своей позиции; оценивать уверенность в своем мнении, а также готовность корректировать свою точку зрения; формировать свое понимание «обыденной теории» изучаемого феномена и т.д. Под каждую задачу можно выстраивать оригинальную стратегию когнитивного интервью, но важно понимать, что изучаем, каким должен быть результат и что с ним команда исследователей будет делать. Ключевые слова: когнитивное интервью; коммуникация с респондентом Заданный вопрос всегда живет своей жизнью. Полицейский и врач, психотерапевт и адвокат, пикапер и телефонный мошенник опытным путем постигают эту практику. Они немедленно видят эффект от своих вопросов, и это позволяет им собирать и пересобирать успешные паттерны общения в наиболее распространенных ситуациях. Социологу есть чему у них

Unser Kapitel nimmt das Sprechen über Angst bzw. Angstbehaftetes in Arzt-Patient-Gesprächen mit Kindern und Jugendlichen in den Blick. Unser Interesse gilt dabei den interaktiven Verfahren, mittels derer Angst thematisiert und gemeinsam bearbeitet wird-unabhängig davon, in welcher Form und von wem das Thema Angst ins Gespräch eingeführt wird. Nach einer kurzen Vorstellung unseres Analysekorpus erläutern wir an Beispielsequenzen wiederkehrende Typen und Formen der interaktiven Bearbeitung von Angst aus unserem Korpus, bevor wir versuchen die Untersuchungsergebnisse daraufhin zusammenzufassen, inwieweit sie unserer Meinung nach diagnose-und/oder therapiebezogen genutzt werden können. 2. Projektkontext und Untersuchungskorpus Seit 2013 widmet sich unsere Arbeitsgruppe der gesprächslinguistischen Analyse von Arzt-Patient-Interaktionen. Anamnesegespräche mit Kindern und Jugendlichen, die zur Abklärung noch nicht klar diagnostizierter, möglicherweise neurologisch bedingter Störungen dem Leiter des Sozialpädiatrischen Zentrums am Ev. Krankenhaus Oberhausen bzw. dessen Kolleginnen und Kollegen 1 vorgestellt werden, werden mit einem Aufnahmegerät aufgenommen und von der Bielefelder Arbeitsgruppe mit Hilfe der Software EXMaRALDA (Schmidt 2009) als GAT2-Basistranskripte transkribiert (Selting et al. 2009). Unser Korpus besteht aktuell aus 28 Anamnesegesprächen mit jugendlichen Anfallspatienten 2 , die zwischen 1 Wir möchten an dieser Stelle den kooperierenden Kolleginnen und Kollegen am Evangelischen Krankenhaus Oberhausen, aber auch den Patientinnen und Patienten sehr herzlich für ihre Mitarbeit danken. 2 Hier und im Folgenden sind stets Personen männlichen und weiblichen Geschlechts gleichermaßen gemeint; aus Gründen der einfacheren Lesbarkeit wird im Folgenden das Maskulinum als generische Form verwendet.

This study focuses on the values and culture in the e-folklore. The objectives of the study were to identify and discuss the values in the song lyric ‘The Stork and the Mouse Deer’. The song was taken from phone application in the compilation of the ‘Kingfisher stories’ copyrighted by Dewan Bahasa and Pustaka. The e-folklore was rewritten from the Malay folklore stories. The results of the study showed that the stork has more values as compared to the mouse deer. The stork has good, honest, trust, believe, helpful and concern towards others by giving advices while the mouse deer has good values as in being clever and brilliant. It can be seen that the good values will be disseminated through the e-folklore in order to ensure the readers understand the true meaning of the each values and adapt the values in their everyday lives. This study has used the Malay Methodology theory by Hashim Awang (1994) which states that in all aspects of life there are ways in dealing with life, trust a...

We study the usefulness of hateful metaphors as features for the identification of the type and target of hate speech in Dutch Facebook comments. For this purpose, all hateful metaphors in the Dutch LiLaH corpus were annotated and interpreted in line with Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Critical Metaphor Analysis. We provide SVM and BERT/RoBERTa results, and investigate the effect of different metaphor information encoding methods on hate speech type and target detection accuracy. The results of the conducted experiments show that hateful metaphor features improve model performance for the both tasks. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the effectiveness of hateful metaphors as an information source for hate speech classification is investigated.

Natural language inference (NLI) in the legal domain is the task of predicting entailment between the premise, i.e. law, and the hypothesis, which is a statement regarding a legal issue. Current state-of-the-art approaches to NLI with pre-trained language models do not perform well in the legal domain, presumably due to a discrepancy in the level of abstraction between the premise and hypothesis and the convoluted nature of legal language. Some of the difficulties specific to the legal domain are that 1) the premise and hypothesis tend to be extensive in length; 2) the premise comprises multiple rules, and only one of the rules is related to the hypothesis. Thus only small fractions of the statements are relevant for determining entailment, while the rest is noise, and; 3) the premise is often abstract and written in legal terms, whereas the hypothesis is a concrete case and tends to be written with more ordinary vocabulary. These problems are accentuated by the scarcity of such data in the legal domain due to the high cost. Pretrained language models have been shown to be effective on natural language inference tasks in the legal domain. However, previous methods do not provide an explanation for the decisions, which is especially desirable in knowledge-intensive domains such as law. This study proposes to leverage the characteristics of legal texts and decomposes the overall NLI task into two simpler sub-steps. Specifically, we regard the hypothesis as a pair of a condition and a consequence and train a conditional language model to generate the consequence from a given premise and a condition. The trained model can be regarded as a knowledge source for generating a consequence given the query consisting of the premise and the condition. After that, when the model receives an entailment example, it should generate a consequence similar to the original consequence, and when it is a contradiction example, they should be dissimilar since the model is trained on entailment examples only. Then, we compare the generated consequence and the consequence part of the hypothesis to see whether they are similar or dissimilar by training a classifier. Experimental results on datasets derived from the Japanese bar exam show significant improvement in accuracy from prior methods.

Bedeutung von professioneller Kommunikation in der Medizin "Medizinische Kommunikation" durchdringt alle Bereiche des medizinischen Handelns in vielfältigen Formen. Mündliche Kommunikation verbindet die Mitglieder unterschiedlicher Gesundheitsberufe und die Patienten in Anamnesegesprächen, Visiten, Aufklärungsgesprächen, Dienstübergaben, Teambesprechungen, Instruktionen für Jungärzte, Telefonaten etc. oder auch "nebenbei" in Anweisungen am OP-Tisch, Bitten um Mitarbeit bei der körperlichen Untersuchung usw. Unzählige schriftliche Texte sichern die Leistungen von Krankenbetreuungsinstitutionen wie Patientenakten, Arztbriefe, Überweisungen, Rezepte, Krankschreibungen oder Beipackzettel. Noch viel weiter führt uns die Konzeption der "Gesundheitsgesellschaft" (Kickbusch 2006), die eine weitgehende Durchdringung moderner Gesellschaften mit Fragen der Gesundheit und Krankheit postuliert, in der sich auch Gesellschaftsbereiche wie Wirtschaft, Medien, Recht, Erziehung maßgeblich dem Gesundheitsdiskurs verschreiben: keine Zeitung und kein Fernsehen ohne Gesundheitsrubrik, Millionen von Intemetseiten zur Gesundheit, Lebensmittel mit Gesundheitsinformationen, Gesundheit als Erziehungsziel etc. Wenn wir im Folgenden in dieser Fülle den Fokus auf mündliche Arzt-Patient-Interaktion setzen, dann geschieht dies zunächst aus der praktischen Notwendigkeit der Beschränkung, aber auch weil diese Interaktionsform nach wie vor als zentrale Produktionseinheit des Gesundheitswesens (Hart 1998) gesehen werden kann oder, wie es Epstein et al. (1993) formulierten, im "Herz der Medizin" liegt: Hier werden die meisten Diagnosen erstellt, hier werden Behandlungspläne entwickelt und entschieden und damit die relevanten ökono

The main goal of this contribution is to present a methodological framework to study Networked Flow, a bio-psycho-social theory of collective creativity applying it on creative processes occurring via a computer network. First, we draw on the definition of Networked Flow to identify the key methodological requirements of this model. Next, we present the rationale of a mixed methodology, which aims at combining qualitative, quantitative and structural analysis of group dynamics to obtain a rich longitudinal dataset. We argue that this integrated strategy holds potential for describing the complex dynamics of creative collaboration, by linking the experiential features of collaborative experience (flow, social presence), with the structural features of collaboration dynamics (network indexes) and the collaboration outcome (the creative product). Finally, we report on our experience with using this methodology in blended collaboration settings (including both face-to-face and virtual m...

Question answering requires close attention to the common ground to determine what the questioner wants to know. Because attentiveness to others is more likely to be a self-defining goal when the self is thought of as interdependent with others rather than independent of others, we predicted that self-construal influences attentiveness to the common ground. In Experiment 1, participants' temporary self-construal was manipulated through a priming technique. As predicted, interdependence-primed participants were more likely than independence-primed participants to take the recipient's knowledge into account and avoided providing redundant information in a self-administered questionnaire. Drawing on chronic differences in self-construal, Experiment 2 replicated these findings with participants from independent (Germany) and interdependent (China) cultures. Throughout, participants' differential attentiveness to the common ground resulted in differential question order effects, raising important methodological issues for cross-cultural research.

The author uses spoken discourse taken from a live television political news debate to reveal the techniques and strategies used by three interlocutors as they attempt to achieve their goals and agendas. Frameworks from the fields of conversation analysis (henceforth CA) and genre analysis are used to analyse the data. The data show how the interaction starts within the constraints of a television news interview before becoming combative as the interlocutors jostle to achieve their personal goals and agendas. The paper also notes audience involvement and who the interlocutors are addressing during their turns.

SUMMARY� This� work� is� part� of� a� research� that� aims� to� analyze� vocatives� that� function� as� insults� in� Plautine� comedies� and� to� determine� the� contexts,� motivations,� effects� and� purposes� that� these� elements� acquire� in� them.� This� article� focuses� on� the� insults� that� arise� in� what� we� call� &quot;interactional� reaction&quot;� to� both� non�괂Ġverbal� and� verbal� attacks� from� a� interlocutor.� In� the� first� case� we� examine� the� insults� prompted� by� the� negative� behavior� of� the� interlocutor,� previous� to� or� simultaneous� with� the� conversation,� whereas� in� the� second� we� analyze� insults� derived� from� the� words� of� the� interlocutor.� Presentamos� aqui� parte� de� una� investigacion� mas� amplia� que� analiza� el� valor� pragmatico� y� conversacional� de� los� vocativos� que� actuan� como� insultos� en� todas� las� comedias� de� Plauto.� En� este� analisis� atendemos� a� la� pluralidad� de� contextos� en� que� aparecen� ...

Este trabajo es parte de una investigación que tiene como objetivo el análisis de los vocativos que funcionan como insultos en las comedias de Plauto y que busca determinar los contextos, las motivaciones, los efectos y las funciones que estos elementos adquieren en ellas. En concreto este artículo se centra en los insultos que aparecen en lo que llamamos "reacción interaccional" a un ataque no verbal y a un ataque verbal del interlocutor. En el primer caso examinamos los insultos motivados por la conducta negativa del interlocutor, previa o simultánea a la conversación, y, en el segundo, vemos los insultos derivados de las palabras del interlocutor.

Dans le cadre du projet LUDESPACE, nous proposons une methodologie pour une analyse des interactions (sociales, spatiales, corporelles et langagieres) entre les joueurs, et entre les joueurs et la console, dans le temps et l&#39;espace d&#39;une situation de jeu video. L&#39;etude de ce type d&#39;interactions releve d&#39;une situation complexe a documenter, necessitant des donnees audio et video. Selon la situation de jeu, nous avons defini une methodologie d&#39;enregistrement specifique que nous presenterons. Pour une premiere etude, nous avons mene une analyse linguistique sur la maniere dont les joueurs font reference a un avatar/ un personnage lorsqu&#39;ils ne l&#39;identifient plus sur l&#39;ecran, et le moment ou les joueurs produisent ces references dans le deroulement de l&#39;action du jeu. Nous avons constitue une collection d&#39;extraits a partir de deux situations de jeu video : l&#39;une correspond a une partie en reseau sur ordinateur a huit joueurs, l&#39;autre a...

Self-service analytics empowers end users to prepare the information they need in a timely manner. It is not a new concept of business analytics and has long been supported by self-service tools. End users access these tools to create information by performing drag-and-drop operations. However, a conversational approach to self-service analytics is emerging, driven by advances in AI and natural language processing. Conversational self-service analytics allows to obtain information by formulating requests in natural language. This article discusses the opportunities for information generation associated with this new approach, as well as the requirements for its successful application. The results are based on experiences gained in several projects where conversational self-service analytics has been implemented.