Consumption Preferences

Background: HIV infection leads to a decreasing immune response, thereby facilitating the appearance of other infections, one of the most important ones being HPV. However, studies are needed for determining associations between immunodeficiency caused by HIV and/or the presence of HPV during the course of cervical lesions and their degree of malignancy. This study describes the cytological findings revealed by the Papanicolaou test, laboratory characteristics and HPV molecular profile in women with and without HIV infection. Methods: A total of 216 HIV-positive and 1,159 HIV-negative women were invited to participate in the study; PCR was used for the molecular detection of HPV in cervical samples. Statistical analysis (such as percentages, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test when applicable) determined human papillomavirus (HPV) infection frequency (single and multiple) and the distribution of six types of high-risk-HPV in women with and without HIV infection. Likewise, a logistic regression model was run to evaluate the relationship between HIV-HPV infection and different risk factors. Results: An association was found between the frequency of HPV infection and infection involving 2 or more HPV types (also known as multiple HPV infection) in HIV-positive women (69.0% and 54.2%, respectively); such frequency was greater than that found in HIV-negative women (44.3% and 22.7%, respectively). Statistically significant differences were observed between both groups (p = 0.001) regarding HPV presence (both in infection and multiple HPV infection). HPV-16 was the most prevalent type in the population being studied (p = 0.001); other viral types had variable distribution in both groups (HIV-positive and HIV-negative). HPV detection was associated with <500 cell/mm 3 CD4-count (p = 0.004) and higher HIV-viral-load (p = 0.001). HPV-DNA detection, <200 cell/mm 3 CD4-count (p = 0.001), and higher HIV-viral-load (p = 0.001) were associated with abnormal cytological findings. Conclusions: The HIV-1 positive population in this study had high multiple HPV infection prevalence. The results for this population group also suggested a greater association between HPV-DNA presence and cytological findings. HPV detection, together with low CD4 count, could represent useful tools for identifying HIV-positive women at risk of developing cervical lesions.

This study was carried out to determine the factors affecting the consumption preferences of individuals living in the city center of Sivas. The sample of the study consisted of 388 people living in the city center of Sivas and determined easily by sampling method. Data were collected by face to face survey method. Frequency Analysis and Cross Table Analysis were applied to the data obtained in the study. At the end of the study, it was seen that individuals looked at the country of origin when they were buying, avoided buying Chinese goods, bought the product because they were useful and functional, they bought more clothes from the internet, they made their online purchases by smart phone and they mostly used credit cards as a means of payment.

Tuketicilerin cevrimici satin alma durumu bircok faktorden etkilenebilmektedir. Bu faktorlerden biri de tuketici guvenidir. Tuketiciler icin cevrimici alisveris, fiziksel alisveristen daha fazla belirsizlikler icermektedir. Ozellikle hizli tuketim mallarinda cevrimici alisveris yapilmasi bu durumu daha da zorlastirmaktadir. Bu calismanin amaci, cevrimici supermarket alisverisinde tuketici guvenini etkileyen faktorlerin belirlenmesidir. Arastirmada 483 tuketiciye anket uygulanmis ve anket sonuclarina gore cogu tuketici, yuz yuze alisverise kiyasla cevrimici supermarket alisverisine guvenmediklerini belirtmislerdir. Ancak, fiziksel iade kosullari, hizli ve hasarsiz teslimat ve devlet destekli bir isaretin varligi gibi faktorlerin mevcut olmasi durumunda tuketicilerin cevrimici supermarket alisverisine olan guvenlerinin artacagi sonucuna ulasilmistir.

Rising food security and safety concerns in developing countries have highlighted the importance of establishing efficient and dependable food distribution systems, which necessitate a thorough understanding of consumers and their needs. Thus, this study unravels consumer segments, their preferences, and socio-economic composition so that stakeholders in Pakistan’s mandarin (locally known as Kinnow) industry can improve their practices and supply consumers’ desired quality. Primary data were collected through an intercept survey of 540 mandarin consumers in four major cities of Pakistan. Collected data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis, Mean ANOVA, and Post-Hoc tests for consumer segmentation and profiling. The study classified consumers into three groups: ‘value seekers’ (45.74%), ‘Kinnow lovers’ (26.85%), and ‘perfectionists’ (27.41%) related to their choice of various attributes of fresh mandarin fruits. The three segments significantly differed in their preferences...

Background: HIV infection leads to a decreasing immune response, thereby facilitating the appearance of other infections, one of the most important ones being HPV. However, studies are needed for determining associations between immunodeficiency caused by HIV and/or the presence of HPV during the course of cervical lesions and their degree of malignancy. This study describes the cytological findings revealed by the Papanicolaou test, laboratory characteristics and HPV molecular profile in women with and without HIV infection. Methods: A total of 216 HIV-positive and 1,159 HIV-negative women were invited to participate in the study; PCR was used for the molecular detection of HPV in cervical samples. Statistical analysis (such as percentages, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test when applicable) determined human papillomavirus (HPV) infection frequency (single and multiple) and the distribution of six types of high-risk-HPV in women with and without HIV infection. Likewise, a logistic regression model was run to evaluate the relationship between HIV-HPV infection and different risk factors. Results: An association was found between the frequency of HPV infection and infection involving 2 or more HPV types (also known as multiple HPV infection) in HIV-positive women (69.0% and 54.2%, respectively); such frequency was greater than that found in HIV-negative women (44.3% and 22.7%, respectively). Statistically significant differences were observed between both groups (p = 0.001) regarding HPV presence (both in infection and multiple HPV infection). HPV-16 was the most prevalent type in the population being studied (p = 0.001); other viral types had variable distribution in both groups (HIV-positive and HIV-negative). HPV detection was associated with <500 cell/mm 3 CD4-count (p = 0.004) and higher HIV-viral-load (p = 0.001). HPV-DNA detection, <200 cell/mm 3 CD4-count (p = 0.001), and higher HIV-viral-load (p = 0.001) were associated with abnormal cytological findings. Conclusions: The HIV-1 positive population in this study had high multiple HPV infection prevalence. The results for this population group also suggested a greater association between HPV-DNA presence and cytological findings. HPV detection, together with low CD4 count, could represent useful tools for identifying HIV-positive women at risk of developing cervical lesions.

Rising food security and safety concerns in developing countries have highlighted the importance of establishing efficient and dependable food distribution systems, which necessitate a thorough understanding of consumers and their needs. Thus, this study unravels consumer segments, their preferences, and socio-economic composition so that stakeholders in Pakistan’s mandarin (locally known as Kinnow) industry can improve their practices and supply consumers’ desired quality. Primary data were collected through an intercept survey of 540 mandarin consumers in four major cities of Pakistan. Collected data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis, Mean ANOVA, and Post-Hoc tests for consumer segmentation and profiling. The study classified consumers into three groups: ‘value seekers’ (45.74%), ‘Kinnow lovers’ (26.85%), and ‘perfectionists’ (27.41%) related to their choice of various attributes of fresh mandarin fruits. The three segments significantly differed in their preferences...

The size of the global market for fresh food packaging was estimated at USD 123.4 billion in 2020, and it is anticipated to increase at a CAGR of 5.0% from 2021 to 2028. Over the course of the forecast period, diet-and health-conscious customers are anticipated to drive growth in demand for organic fresh food goods such fruits, vegetables, and dairy. Additionally, to appeal to a consumer base in the area who is concerned about the environment, a rising number of foodservice operators and retail chains in different economies are predicted to move from plastic packaging to a sustainable alternative. Thus, it is anticipated that the aforementioned causes will increase demand for eco-friendly fresh food packaging. Sales of minimally packaged vegetables and fruits are rapidly increasing since many agencies, organizations and celebrities are engaged to create their awareness in terms of convenience and healthiness. Present study trying to investigate the consumer buying perception towards these packaged fruits and vegetables. The buying perception has been investigated through implementing a consumer survey in Prayagraj City of Uttar Pradesh State of India. The first part of the survey tool consisted of demographic profiles of respondents (n=385). The second part of the survey tool was administered to randomly selected consumers (n=385). The likelihood of buying minimally packaged vegetables and fruits tends to be higher among city residing educated consumers in compare to consumers with rural background. Search attributes emerge in terms of importance during the purchasing stage, while experience attributes gain importance after consuming the packaged vegetables and fruits. The most important motivation for purchasing packaged vegetables and fruits relates to convenience and speed, especially for consumers who buy this product during weekends. Although health and nutritional value scored relatively low in terms of importance during the purchasing and consumption stages of packaged vegetables and fruits, many of the studies revealed that consumers with a high awareness of the health are less attached with packaged vegetables and fruits in compare to fresh one.

Bankacilik sektorunde 1990’larda artan rekabet bankalar icin faiz-disi gelirin onemini artirdi. Bankalar faiz-disi urun satmanin yollarini aramaya basladilar ve kredi musterilerini hedef sectiler. Bankalar bu amaclarini gerceklestirmek icin yeni fiyat stratejileri ortaya koydular ve faiz ile faiz-disi gelir arasinda baglanti kurdular. Bu baglamda, musterilerin kredi faizi fiyat bilgileri farkliliklari eski gunlere donuste anahtar bir rol oynamakta. Bu calisma, Kim vd. (2003)’un modelini, musterilerin farkli fiyat bilgisi seviyesini goz onunde bulundurarak, kredilerden alinan bankacilik ucret ve komisyonlarini entegre ederek genisletmektedir. Teorik calisma kredi fiyati ile bankacilik ucret ve komisyonlari arasindaki negatif iliskiyi ortaya koymaktadir. Dahasi bu negatif iliskinin bankanin fiyat bilgisi az olan musteriler sayesinde daha fazla k â r elde etmesinde rol oynadigini ortaya koymaktadir.

Rising food security and safety concerns in developing countries have highlighted the importance of establishing efficient and dependable food distribution systems, which necessitate a thorough understanding of consumers and their needs. Thus, this study unravels consumer segments, their preferences, and socio-economic composition so that stakeholders in Pakistan’s mandarin (locally known as Kinnow) industry can improve their practices and supply consumers’ desired quality. Primary data were collected through an intercept survey of 540 mandarin consumers in four major cities of Pakistan. Collected data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis, Mean ANOVA, and Post-Hoc tests for consumer segmentation and profiling. The study classified consumers into three groups: ‘value seekers’ (45.74%), ‘Kinnow lovers’ (26.85%), and ‘perfectionists’ (27.41%) related to their choice of various attributes of fresh mandarin fruits. The three segments significantly differed in their preferences for quality attributes, consumption and purchase preferences, and socio-economic composition. The study highlights the implications of understanding consumer preferences and market segmentation for private and public stakeholders in the mandarin industry. The existence of consumer segments with distinct quality preferences urges value chain actors to upgrade and align their practices with consumer requirements. The study findings provide insights for deciding relevant crop/cultivar mix with due consideration to geographically distinct consumer segments and land suitability. The findings may also be useful to relevant public-sector institutions in developing policies and programs for the development of the horticultural industries in Pakistan.

This study was carried out to determine the factors affecting the consumption preferences of individuals living in the city center of Sivas. The sample of the study consisted of 388 people living in the city center of Sivas and determined easily by sampling method. Data were collected by face to face survey method. Frequency Analysis and Cross Table Analysis were applied to the data obtained in the study. At the end of the study, it was seen that individuals looked at the country of origin when they were buying, avoided buying Chinese goods, bought the product because they were useful and functional, they bought more clothes from the internet, they made their online purchases by smart phone and they mostly used credit cards as a means of payment.

Purpose-The purpose of this study is to classify the consumers according to their attitudes towards e-shopping and their differences in eshopping adoption levels, to determine the characteristics of the acquired consumer groups, and make suggestions to businesses for encouraging these consumers to do online shopping. Methodology-Data were collected through a questionnaire from a convenience sample of 340 consumers living in Ankara. Descriptive analysis and Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were done. Findings-Participants were classified into 4 groups considering whether and how often they do online research and shopping, and consumer profiles are defined in terms of how those people evaluate Internet shopping specific factors and their perspectives of Internet shopping. Generally, it can be said that those who adopt e-shopping are mostly 18-29 years old, high-income and well-educated consumers. Conclusion-The findings show that consumers are actively using the Internet even before the purchasing stage, and that different strategies should be developed to encourage consumers to do e-shopping since they have different behaviors and attitudes towards eshopping.

Research problem/aim: Turkey has a strategic importance in honey production. National or regional data on the consumption of honey, an important part of which is exported in our country and subject to new research every day, is not sufficient. This research was planned and conducted in order to determine honey consumption amounts, consumption preferences and purchasing behaviors of student of university at Kayseri.Method: Research was conducted between February and September 2015 at two different universities, one foundation university and one state university, in Kayseri with the largest student potential. The study was completed with a total of 2178 students in line with the opinion of a Statistics Expert. The data were collected by the researchers using questionnaires. SPSS package program was used to evaluate the obtained data.Findings: Mean age of the students was 22.3±3.17. Only 12.5% of the participants were consuming honey daily. 12.1% of the participants were not consuming ...

Bu çalışma Sivas ili şehir merkezinde yaşayan bireylerin tüketim tercihlerinde etkili olan faktörlerin neler olduklarını tespit etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Sivas ili şehir merkezinde yaşayan ve kolayda örnekleme metoduyla belirlenen 388 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Veriler yüz yüze anket metoduyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilere Frekans Analizi ve Çapraz Tablolar Analizi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda bireylerin ürün alırken menşei ülkeye baktıkları, Çin mallarını almaktan kaçındıkları, ürünü kullanışlı ve işlevsel olması nedeniyle satın aldıkları, internetten daha çok kıyafet aldıkları, online alışverişlerini akıllı telefon ile yaptıkları ve ödeme aracı olarak en çok kredi kartlarını kullandıkları görülmüştür.

ÖZ ABSTRACT Türkiye tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler bakımından oldukça zengin bir ürün çeşitliliğine sahiptir. Bu bitkilerin tedavi edici özelliği nedeniyle, insanlık tarihinden beri kullanılmakta olduğu bilinmektedir. Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler tedavi edici özelliğinin yanı sıra kozmetik sanayiinde ya da gıda maddesi olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla da her geçen gün ekonomik önemi daha da artar hale gelmektedir. Bayburt ilinde de bir çok tıbbi ve aromatik bitki hem çiftçiler tarafından üretilmekte hem de dağlık bölgelerinde, yaylalarında kendiliğinden yetişebilmektedir ve Bayburt'taki vatandaşlar tarafından tüketilmektedir. Özellikle doğada kendiliğinden oluşan bitkilerin yaygın bir biçimde toplanıp tüketildiği gözlemlenmektedir. Eldeki bu çalışma ile de doğada kendiliğinden yetişen bu tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin tüketiciler tarafından ne şekilde ve ne amaçla tüketildiği anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma bulgularında bitkilerin en çok gıda amaçlı daha sonra da tıbbi amaçlı tüketildiği görülmektedir. En çok toplanan bitki de labada (evelik) bitkisidir. Tüketiciler bu bitkilerin doğal, organik, güvenilir, sağlıklı ve iyileştirici olduğu kanısındadır. Bundan dolayı da bu bitkiler hızlı bir biçimde işletmenin ve pazarlamanın konusu haline gelmektedir. Turkey has quite a rich variety of products in terms of medicinal and aromatic plants. Because of the therapeutic properties of these plants, it has been known to be used since human history. Medicinal and aromatic plants are used for cosmetic industry or as a foodstuff in addition to their therapeutic properties. Therefore, its economic importance is increasing every day. A very medicinal and aromatic plant in the province of Bayburt is cultivated by farmers, besides in the mountainous regions and in the highlands, it is spontaneously formed and consumed by the citizens of Bayburt. In particular, it is observed that plants that spontaneously form in nature are widely collected and consumed. With this paper, it is tried to understand how and for what purpose these natural and medicinal plants are consumed by consumers. In the study findings, it is seen that plants are consumed mostly for food purposes and then for medical purposes. The most collected plant is the labada plant. Consumers believe that these plants are natural, organic, safe, healthy and curative. Therefore, these plants quickly become the subject of business and marketing.