Constellation

In the frame of the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) Space Component programme, the European Space Agency (ESA) undertook the development of a European Radar Observatory (Sentinel-1), a polar orbiting two-satellite constellation for the continuation and improvement of SAR operational services and applications. Satellite and payload are being built to provide routine, day-and-night, all-weather medium (typically 10 m) resolution observation capability. Ground infrastructure is provided for planning, mission control, data processing, dissemination and archiving. Free and open data access is provided. Data quality of the Sentinel-1 data products is shown along with uncertainty estimation of retrieved information products confirming specified performance and indicating application growth potential. The unique data availability performance of the Sentinel-1 routine operations makes the mission particularly suitable for emergency response support, marine surveillance, ice monitoring and interferometric applications such as detection of subsidence and landslides.

Aboriginal Australians have been observing the stars for more than 65,000 years, and many of their oral traditions have been recorded since colonisation. These traditions tell of all kinds of celestial events, such as the annual rising of stars, passing comets, eclipses of the Sun and Moon, auroral displays, and even meteorite impacts. But new research, recently published in The Australian Journal of Anthropology, reveals that Aboriginal oral traditions describe the variable nature of three red-giant stars: Betelgeuse, Aldebaran and Antares. This challenges the history of astronomy and tells us that Aboriginal Australians were even more careful observers of the night sky than they have been given credit for.

Apoyado en el material de archivo de la Teoría estética, este artículo aborda el tema de la exigencia tardía de reelaboración de la Darstellung, elemento fundamental de la constelación. Al parecer, Adorno buscaba una radicalización de la parataxis, figura ampliamente atribuida a su forma de escritura por la bibliografía secundaria. Se nota, sin embargo, que tales comentarios trataron la presencia de la parataxis de modo generalizado en toda su obra y se pre- senta la hipótesis de que únicamente el último escrito de Adorno podría ser precisamente llamado "paratáctico". Pues, aunque la parataxis pueda ser encontrada en otros escritos, la trayectoria de la obra de Adorno parece culminar en un modo de organización paratáctico que excede el mero recurso a tal figura. Se toma entonces el concepto de estilo tardío (Spätstil) como telón teórico para ese replanteamiento, explorando la apropiación adorniana de Beethoven y de Hölderlin. Finalmente, se enuncia la tipología de lo paratáctico elaborada por Adorno, buscando demostrar el empleo de esas construcciones en la presentación de la Teoría estética.

Grounded in Aesthetic theory’s archived material, this paper discusses the theme of the necessity to overwork Darstellung, a fundamental element of constellation. It assumes that Adorno was on a search for a radicalization of parataxis, a figure broadly credited to his writing style by commentators. However, one should remark that such commentaries have extended parataxis’ presence to all his works. On the contrary, this paper defends the hypothesis that only Aesthetic theory can precisely be called “paratactic”. Thus although one could find these constructions in his former writings, it seems that Adorno’s posthumous work culminates in a paratactic model of organization that exceeds its sporadic use. This paper takes late style’s concept (Spätstil) as a theoretical background of this overwork, and intend to explore Adorno’s interpretation of Beethoven and Hölderlin. Finally, it enunciates Adorno’s paratactic typology and tries to point some of these constructions in Aesthetic theory’s presentation.

With increasingly low-cost and power-efficient RF electronics being demanded by today's wireless communication systems, it is essential to keep up to speed with new developments. This book presents key advances in the field that you need to know about and emerging patterns in large-signal measurement techniques, modeling, and nonlinear circuit design theory supported by practical examples. Topics covered include: • novel large-signal measurement techniques that have become available with the introduction of nonlinear vector network analyzers (NVNAs), such as the LSNA, PNA-X, and SWAP • direct extraction of device models from large-signal RF dynamic loadlines • characterization of memory effects (self-heating, traps) with pulsed RF measurements • interactive design of power-efficient amplifiers (PAs) and oscillators using ultra-fast multi-harmonic active load-pull • Volterra and poly-harmonic distortion (X-parameters) behavioral modeling • oscillator phase noise theory • balancing, modeling, and poly-harmonic linearization of broadband RFIC modulators • development of a frequency-selective predistorter to linearize PAs

In the frame of the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) Space Component programme, the European Space Agency (ESA) undertook the development of a European Radar Observatory (Sentinel-1), a polar orbiting two-satellite constellation for the continuation and improvement of SAR operational services and applications. Satellite and payload are being built to provide routine, day-and-night, all-weather medium (typically 10 m) resolution observation capability. Ground infrastructure is provided for planning, mission control, data processing, dissemination and archiving. Free and open data access is provided. Data quality of the Sentinel-1 data products is shown along with uncertainty estimation of retrieved information products confirming specified performance and indicating application growth potential. The unique data availability performance of the Sentinel-1 routine operations makes the mission particularly suitable for emergency response support, marine surveillance, ice monitoring and interferometric applications such as detection of subsidence and landslides.

The Chapelle Notre-Dame-du-Haut in Ronchamp designed by Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, also known as Le Corbusier, has been studied, analyzed and explored by architects, theorists and historians ever since it was completed. Despite these studies, scholars have paid little attention to the east wall of the chapel as a unique architectural element. An important and iconic element within this project, it is distinguished by the turning statue of the Virgin Mary set in a cabinet within the wall and surrounded by small openings allowing light into the chapel. While the moving statue had always been part of the original design, the small openings -- the stars -- were not. Somehow and sometime the eastern wall became a sky when, at the beginning of construction, it was a wall. The story began with Le Corbusier’s slow design process, which allowed him to develop an evolving vision even after a design was finalized. His creative process allowed him to envision the building as a full scale model,...

A constellation of remote sensing small satellite system has been developed for infrastructure monitoring in India by using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Payload. The low earth orbit (LEO) constellation of the small satellites is designed in a way, which can cover the entire footprint of India. Since India lies a little above the equatorial region, the orbital parameters are adjusted in a way that inclination of 36 degrees and RAAN varies from 70-130 degrees at a height of 600 km has been considered. A total number of 4 orbital planes are designed in which each orbital plane consisting 3 small satellites with 120-degrees true anomaly separation. Each satellite is capable of taking multiple look images with the minimum resolution of 1 meter per pixel and swath width of 10 km approx. The multiple look images captured by the SAR payload help in continuous infrastructure monitoring of our interested footprint area in India. To support the mission, each small satellite is supplied with ...

O capítulo é versão expandida de uma comunicação apresentada no 1º Congresso Internacional Theodor W. Adorno, na PUC-RS. O texto entrecruza as considerações de Adorno a respeito das noções de Signo e Imagem que aparecem em sua aula inaugural de 1931 com a retomada dessas noções na Dialética do esclarecimento, obra escrita junto a Max Horkheimer. Conclui-se que, desde suas bases, esses dois elementos da ideia de constelação erigem uma tensão entre dois modos de pensamento, que constituem a noção adorniana de kosmos noetikos.

The book chapter is an extended version of a talk presented to 1º Congresso Internacional Theodor W. Adorno at PUC-RS. The text criss-cross Adorno's formulations of sign and image - the ones which appear at his inaugural speech on 1931 with those he elaborates on Dialectics of Enlightenment. It concludes that, since their first emergence, these elements of constellation's idea build a tension between two modes of thought, which constitutes Adorno's notion of kosmos noetikos.

ABSTRACT We apply an evolutionary strategies (ES) algorithm to the problem of designing modulation schemes used in wireless communication systems. The ES is used to optimize the digital symbol to analog signal mapping, called a constellation. Typical human-designed constellations are compared to the constellations produced by our algorithms in a simulated radio environment with noise and multipath, in terms of bit error rate. We conclude that the algorithm, with diversity maintenance, find solutions that equal or outperform conventional ones in a given radio channel model, especially for those with higher number of symbols in the constellation (arity).

In the frame of the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) Space Component programme, the European Space Agency (ESA) undertook the development of a European Radar Observatory (Sentinel-1), a polar orbiting two-satellite constellation for the continuation and improvement of SAR operational services and applications. Satellite and payload are being built to provide routine, day-and-night, all-weather medium (typically 10 m) resolution observation capability. Ground infrastructure is provided for planning, mission control, data processing, dissemination and archiving. Free and open data access is provided. Data quality of the Sentinel-1 data products is shown along with uncertainty estimation of retrieved information products confirming specified performance and indicating application growth potential. The unique data availability performance of the Sentinel-1 routine operations makes the mission particularly suitable for emergency response support, marine surveillance, ice monitoring and interferometric applications such as detection of subsidence and landslides.

The New Aesthetic and Art: Constellations of the Postdigital is an interdisciplinary analysis focusing on new digital phenomena at the intersections of theory and contemporary art. Asserting the unique character of New Aesthetic objects, Contreras-Koterbay and Mirocha trace the origins of the New Aesthetic in visual arts, design, and software, find its presence resonating in various kinds of digital imagery, and track its agency in everyday effects of the intertwined physical world and the digital realm. Contreras-Koterbay and Mirocha bring to light an original perspective that identifies an autonomous quality in common digital objects and examples of art that are increasingly an important influence for today’s culture and society. Influenced by a diverse range of figures, ranging from Vilem Flusser, Arthur Schopenhauer, Immanuel Kant, David Berry, Lev Manovich, Olga Goriunova, Ernst Mayr, Bruce Sterling and, of course, James Bridle, The New Aesthetic and Art: Constellations of the ...

Localisé au coeur de la cordillère de Vilcabamba, au Pérou, à quelque 150 km au nord-ouest de Cuzco, l'ancienne capita le de l'État inca, Choqek'iraw est l' un des rares sites préhispaniques et le seul de l'époque inca à posséder une grande mosaïque murale. Plusieurs indices la issent penser que les moti fs représentés ont une dimension cosmologique et que la façon dont ils sont agencés s'inspire de principes textiles, ce que cet article tentera de démontrer. Dans un premier temps, nous replacerons ce site dans son contexte géoculturel, en le décriva nt brièvement. Dans un second temps, nous détaillerons les principales caractéristiques des décors pour tâcher d 'en comprendre le sens. De fait, les thèmes représentés pourraient se fonder sur d'anciens mythes et renvoyer à des conceptions d 'ordre astronomique. [Mots-clés: Pérou , Andes, Inca, C hoqek'iraw, mosaïques, arehéoastrono mie, textile, pastoralisme.]

Tämän tutkielma tarkastelee mitä kriittinen ajattelu tarkoittaa kasvatustieteiden kontekstissa, miten sitä perustellaan kasvatustavoitteena ja millaista subjektiviteettia kriittisellä ajattelulla tuotetaan. Tutkimus on menetelmältään teoreettis-filosofinen. Sen teoreettisena lähtökohtana on Theodor Adornon käsitys filosofiasta konstellaationa, jossa pyritään hahmottamaan käsiteltävää ilmiöitä eri näkökulmista, samalla valottaen historiallis-yhteiskunnallista tilannetta jossa se ilmenee. Toinen metologinen viitepisteeni on Michel Foucault´n valtakriittinen filosofia, ja erityisesti hänen käsityksensä vallasta ja subjektiviteetin tuotannosta. Tutkimuksessani esitän, ettei kasvatustieteen kontekstissa voida puhua vain yhdessä kriittisyyden muodosta, vaan kriittisestä ajattelusta (critical thinking) ja kriittisestä pedagogiikasta, joilla on poikkeavat pyrkimykset. Kriittiselle ajattelulle keskeistä kriittisyydessä on objektiivis-rationaalinen ajattelu ja kriittiselle pedagogiikalle ideo...

Low was a reaction to having gone through that peculiar… that dull greenie-grey limelight of America and its repercussions; pulling myself out of it and getting to Europe and saying, For God's sake re-evaluate why you wanted to get into this in the first place? Did you really do it just to clown around in LA? Retire. What you need is to look at yourself a bit more accurately. Find some people you don't understand and a place you don't want to be and just put yourself into it. David Bowie, to Charles Shaar Murray, NME, 12 November 19771

The Space Technology 5 (ST-5) Project is part of NASA s New Millennium Program. ST-5 will consist of a constellation of three micro-satellites, each approximately 25 kg in mass. The mission goals are to demonstrate the research-quality science capability of the ST-5 spacecraft, to operate the three spacecraft as a constellation; and to design, develop and flight-validate three capable micro-satellites with new technologies. ST-5 is designed to measurably raise the utility of small satellites by providing high functionality in a low mass, low power, and low volume package. The whole of ST-5 is greater than the sum of its parts: the collection of components into the ST-5 spacecraft allows it to perform the functionality of a larger scientific spacecraft on a micro-satellite platform. The ST-5 mission was originally designed to be launched as a secondary payload into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). Recently, the mission has been replanned for a Pegasus XL dedicated launch into a...

In the frame of the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) Space Component programme, the European Space Agency (ESA) undertook the development of a European Radar Observatory (Sentinel-1), a polar orbiting two-satellite constellation for the continuation and improvement of SAR operational services and applications. Satellite and payload are being built to provide routine, day-and-night, all-weather medium (typically 10 m) resolution observation capability. Ground infrastructure is provided for planning, mission control, data processing, dissemination and archiving. Free and open data access is provided. Data quality of the Sentinel-1 data products is shown along with uncertainty estimation of retrieved information products confirming specified performance and indicating application growth potential. The unique data availability performance of the Sentinel-1 routine operations makes the mission particularly suitable for emergency response support, marine surveillance, ice monitoring and interferometric applications such as detection of subsidence and landslides.

This paper analyzes the placenta’s biological and ontological
underpinnings in human affectivity as it is generated. The
placenta as medial boundary constitutes a place for the encounter
and becoming of mother and child, not only as sapient beings, but
also in their very nature. Before and beyond the difference between
self and other, the placenta offers a model of affective symbiogenesis
where selves come into existence in and through the very materiality
of one another, contradicting the presumed “immunitary logic of selfpreservation.”

The section on placental (re)presentation crafts a placentology that accounts
for the possibility of ontogenetic becoming in the mother-childplacenta
triad, a becoming that breaks with a linear genetic history of
origin and authenticity to shape what I call the pregnant city. The paper
continues by discussing the placenta’s place and boundary function to
explain the place-making capacities that allow the realities of mother and
child to co-emerge. The paper concludes by discussing the hospitality
offered by the placenta, and how, even after its factual “demise,” the placenta
prominently remains present through its traces. The placenta’s residue
in the form of microchimeric, ritualized, and social traces reminds us
that organisms are all but static, but rather thoroughly mixed, prone to
change, and full of specters of future possibilities. Thus, the placenta and
its enduring traces encourage us to rethink the nature of our intertwined,
constantly altering identities, and to reinstall the original hospitality
made possible by the placenta.

This review of Martin Jay's recent published collection of essays examines his ongoing rethinking, supplementation, and revision of central themes-the negative and positive dialectics of historical totalization, the varieties and uses of conceptions of experience, the nature of visual cultures and scopic regimes, and the ambiguities of truth-construction in the public realm-that have been the focus of his major works since the 1970s. It argues that his more recent work indicates a gradual shift toward an affirmation of the kinds of paratactic and deconstructive thinking of adorno and Derrida as models for producing appropriate forms of historical consciousness and historical critique in the present, and it raises the question of how the issues of historical truth-telling, consensual collective identity, ethical action, and the cultural role of the critical intellectual are reformulated in this process.

This paper describes a new high performance cost effective Earth Observation Platform, the SSTL-300 and associated optical sensor suite, offering a 7-year mission lifetime with a very high operational availability, for a mission cost an order of magnitude less than commercial high resolution Earth observation spacecraft. The paper will detail the SSTL-300 main payload, a very high-resolution imager with panchromatic multispectral channels. The paper will also outline an additional payload, the Medium Resolution Imager (MRI), which offers the widest swath of any comparable Earth Observation spacecraft.

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a class of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) that is proposed to support uplink machine-type communication services. In an SCMA system, designing multidimensional constellation plays an important role in the performance of the system. Since the behavior of multidimensional constellations highly depends on the type of the channel, it is crucial to employ a constellation that is suitable for a certain application. In this paper, we first highlight and review the key performance indicators (KPIs) of multidimensional constellations that should be considered in their design process for various channel scenarios. We then provide a survey on the known multidimensional constellations in the context of SCMA systems with their design criteria. The performance of some of those constellations are evaluated for uncoded, high-rate, and low-rate LTE turbo-coded SCMA systems under different channel conditions through extensive simulations. All turbo-coded comparisons are performed for bit-interleaved coded modulation, with a concatenated detection and decoding scheme. Simulation results confirm that multidimensional constellations that satisfy KPIs of a certain channel scenario outperform others. Moreover, the bit error rate performance of uncoded systems, and the performance of the coded systems are coupled to their bit-labeling. The performance of the systems also remarkably depends on the behavior of the multiuser detector at different signal-to-noise ratio regions. Index Terms-Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), Sparse code multiple access (SCMA), low density spreading (LDS), multidimensional constellation, SCMA codebook, fading channels, message passing algorithm (MPA), bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM), key performance indicators (KPIs).

Cultures around the world find meaning in the groupings of stars and features in the Milky Way. The striking appearance of our Galaxy in the night sky serves as a reference to traditional knowledge, encoding science and culture to a memory space, becoming part of their overarching cosmologies. This paper examines traditional views of the Milky Way from cultures around the world, primarily in the Southern Hemisphere. These views comprise dark constellations: familiar shapes made up of the dark dust lanes in the Milky Way, rather than the bright stars. Some of the better-known examples include the celestial emu from Aboriginal traditions of Australia, and the llama in Inca traditions of the Andes. We conduct a comparative analysis of cultural perceptions of ‘dark constellations’ in the Milky Way, examining common cultural themes and meanings at the crossroads of Indigenous Knowledge and Western science with applications to topics ranging from Indigenous Studies to psychology.

Actuellement, on constate dans le domaine de la navigation, un besoin croissant de localisation par satellites. Après une course à l'amélioration de la précision (maintenant proche de quelques centimètres grâce à des techniques de lever d'ambiguïté sur des mesures de phase), la relève du nouveau défi de l'amélioration de l'intégrité du GNSS (GPS, Galileo) est à présent engagée. L'intégrité représente le degré de confiance que l'on peut placer dans l'exactitude des informations fournies par le système, ainsi que la capacité à avertir l'utilisateur d'un dysfonctionnement du GNSS dans un délai raisonnable. Le concept d'intégrité du GNSS multi-constellation nécessite une coordination au niveau de l'architecture des futurs récepteurs combinés (GPS-Galileo). Le fonctionnement d'un tel récepteur dans le cas de passage du système multi-constellation en mode dégradé est un problème très important pour l'intégrité de navigation. Cette thèse se focalise sur les problèmes liés à la navigation aéronautique multiconstellation et multi-système GNSS. En particulier, les conditions de fourniture de solution de navigation intègre sont évaluées durant la phase d'approche APV I (avec guidage vertical). En disposant du GPS existant, du système Galileo et d'un système complémentaire géostationnaire (SBAS), dont les satellites émettent sur des fréquences aéronautiques en bande ARNS, la question fondamentale est comment tirer tous les bénéfices d'un tel système multi-constellation pour un récepteur embarqué à bord d'un avion civil. En particulier, la question du maintien du niveau de performance durant cette phase de vol APV, en termes de précision, continuité, intégrité et disponibilité, lorsque l'une des composantes du système est dégradée ou perdu, doit être résolue. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est donc d'étudier la capacité d'un récepteur combiné avionique d'effectuer la tâche de reconfiguration de l'algorithme de traitement après l'apparition de pannes ou d'interférences dans une partie du système GNSS multiconstellation et d'émettre un signal d'alarme dans le cas où les performances de la partie du système non contaminée ne sont pas suffisantes pour continuer l'opération en cours en respectant les exigences de l'aviation civile. Egalement, l'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier les méthodes associées à l'exécution de cette reconfiguration pour garantir l'utilisation de la partie du système GNSS multi-constellation non contaminée dans les meilleures conditions. Cette étude a donc un intérêt pour les constructeurs des futurs récepteurs avioniques multiconstellation.

This paper proposes one possible concept for a dual frequency dual constellation GBAS architecture. It is based on a single frequency L5/E5a mode as primary processing scheme for best standard performance, a switch to an ionosphere free combination in case of ionospheric disturbances and supporting also classical GBAS approach service types (GAST) C and D for single frequency GPS-based CAT I and CAT II/III modes. The concept is supported by a proposal of how to transmit the required corrections in the existing capacity limited VDB broadcast and is backwards compatible to legacy GBAS. A discussion about the benefits and remaining issues of the proposed architecture concludes the paper.

This review of Martin Jay's recent published collection of essays examines his ongoing rethinking, supplementation, and revision of central themes-the negative and positive dialectics of historical totalization, the varieties and uses of conceptions of experience, the nature of visual cultures and scopic regimes, and the ambiguities of truth-construction in the public realm-that have been the focus of his major works since the 1970s. It argues that his more recent work indicates a gradual shift toward an affirmation of the kinds of paratactic and deconstructive thinking of adorno and Derrida as models for producing appropriate forms of historical consciousness and historical critique in the present, and it raises the question of how the issues of historical truth-telling, consensual collective identity, ethical action, and the cultural role of the critical intellectual are reformulated in this process.

Planche-Bandes d'épidotes concentriques soulignant la présence de 3 mëgacoassins "soudés" 31 Planche-Lentille de coussins et de brèche dans la lave massive 37 Planche 3A-Petit coussin ayant crû par bourgeonnement et encore relié â son "parent" 41 Planche 3B-Série de petits coussins séparés et un coussin-bourgeon entre de plus gros coussins. .. / 41 Planche 4A-Mégacoussins en formation reliés ensemble^ .... 42 Planche 4B-Bourgeon relié à un coussin plus gros par une croQte très mince 43 Planche 5-Coussins vus en 3 dimensions 44 Planche 6A-Pseudo-coussins formés par poiygonisation Planche 6B-Détail de 12a. Présence de croûtes et de hyaloclastite autour des polygones Planche 7-Petits polygones formés en bordure des coussins. 49 Planche 8-Microphotographie. Distribution fibroradiale de Vépidote dans des vésicules Planche 9A-Craquelures concentriques dans un coussin Planche 9B-Augmentation de l'espacement et de la dimension des craquelures dans la zone de bordure d'un coussin Planche 10-Brëchi fi cation produite par exfoliation Planche 11-Petits fragments provenant de la désintégration de fragments plus gros ou de petits coussins ... Planche 12-Petits coussins de forme elliptique ayec fragments de coussin Planche 13-Coussins amiboides Planche 14-Petite lentille de laye raassiye dont la bordure est entièrement bréchifiée Planche 15-Croûtes successives de 2 raëgacoussins adjacents.. 61 vii Planche 16-Lentille de brèche d'effondrement tardive dans un empilement de coussins 61 Planche 17-Coussins entourés de brèche 63

This essay attempts to mark the current phase of capitalist neoliberalism, in order to create a space for articulation, in both senses of the word: there is a need both to articulate, as in to connect together ideas, events and their consequences, and to articulate, as in to voice the dynamics, contradictions, and injustices to which they give rise. As Shock Doctrine (Klein 2007), draped in Austerity's mantle, enters the Common European Home, articulation as voice is an attempt to shatter, not silence, but the white noise generated by the mantra, "There Is No Alternative" (TINA). "Marking ' Austerity'" sets out to articulate in some detail the features of the New Great Purpose: Austerity, with particular emphasis on its performative dimensions. The essay will then introduce key aspects of how contributors to Forum Kritika: Performance and Domination configure acts of performance in circumstances of domination, before turning to emerging examples of alternative economies and concepts of social organisation, in which artists and intellectuals may use performance strategies in collective acts of imagining and creating circumstances better than this.

In the frame of the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) Space Component programme, the European Space Agency (ESA) undertook the development of a European Radar Observatory (Sentinel-1), a polar orbiting two-satellite constellation for the continuation and improvement of SAR operational services and applications. Satellite and payload are being built to provide routine, day-and-night, all-weather medium (typically 10 m) resolution observation capability. Ground infrastructure is provided for planning, mission control, data processing, dissemination and archiving. Free and open data access is provided. Data quality of the Sentinel-1 data products is shown along with uncertainty estimation of retrieved information products confirming specified performance and indicating application growth potential. The unique data availability performance of the Sentinel-1 routine operations makes the mission particularly suitable for emergency response support, marine surveillance, ice monitoring and interferometric applications such as detection of subsidence and landslides.

GANDER -for Global Altimeter Network Designed to Evaluate Risk -was an idea that was probably ahead of its time. Conceived at a time when ocean observing satellites were sometimes 10 years in the planning stage, the concept of affordable faster sampling through the use of altimeter-carrying microsats was primarily advanced as a way of detecting and tracking storms at sea on a daily basis. But, of course, a radar altimeter monitors changes in sea-level as well as surface wave height and wind speed. Here then is a system which, flown with more precise missions such as JASON 2, could meet the needs of ocean modellers by providing the greater detail required for tracking mesoscale eddies, whilst servicing forecasting centres and units at sea with near real-time sea state information. A tsunami mode, instantly activated when an undersea earthquake is detected by the global network of seismic stations, could also be incorporated.

This paper describes a new high performance cost effective Earth Observation Platform, the SSTL-300 and associated optical sensor suite, offering a 7-year mission lifetime with a very high operational availability, for a mission cost an order of magnitude less than commercial high resolution Earth observation spacecraft. The paper will detail the SSTL-300 main payload, a very high-resolution imager with panchromatic multispectral channels. The paper will also outline an additional payload, the Medium Resolution Imager (MRI), which offers the widest swath of any comparable Earth Observation spacecraft.

The FORMOSAT-3/COS MIC space craft con stel la tion con sist ing of six LEO sat el lites is the world's first op er a tional GPS Ra dio Occultation (RO) mis sion. The mis sion is jointly de vel oped by Tai wan's Na tional Space Or ga ni za tion (NSPO) and the United States' UCAR in col lab o ra tion with NSF, USAF, NOAA, NASA, NASA's Jet Pro pul sion Lab o ra tory, and the US Na val Re search Lab o ra tory. The FORMOSAT-3/COS MIC sat el lites were suc cess fully launched from Vandenberg US AFB in Cal i for nia at 0140 UTC 15 April 2006 into the same or bit plane of the des ig nated 516 km al ti tude. The mis sion goal is to de ploy the six sat el lites into six or bit planes at 800 km al ti tude with a 30-de gree sep a ra tion for evenly dis trib uted global cov er age. All six FORMOSAT-3/COS MIC sat el lites are cur rently main tain ing a sat is fac tory good state-of-health. Five out of six sat el lites have reached their fi nal mis sion or bit of 800 km as of No vem ber 2007. The data as re ceived by FORMOSAT-3/COS MIC sat el lites con stel la tion have been pro cessed in near real time into 2500 good ion o spheric pro files and 1800 good at mo spheric pro files per day. These have out num bered the world wide ra dio sondes (~900 mostly over land) launched from the ground per day. The pro cessed at mo spheric RO data have been as sim i lated into the Nu mer i cal Weather Pre dic tion (NWP) mod els for real-time weather pre dic tion and ty phoon/hur ri cane fore cast ing by many ma jor weather cen ters in the world. This pa per de scribes the FORMOSAT-3/COS MIC sat el lite con stel la tion sys tem per for mance and the mission results that span the period from April 2006 to October 2007; and reviews the prospect of a future follow-on mission.

Nietzsche’s Dionysus, admittedly, represents a direct provocation and an attack on the classical interpretation accepted since Winckelmann, an interpretation that elevates the Apollonian to its central point of focus; Nietzsche’s introduction of another principle to oppose it, rather than representing a genuine invention, in actuality bridges the small gap between Hegel and Hölderlin. If, namely, the Hegelian aesthetic from the very beginning points to Schein and Erscheinung – as necessary conditions of truth, for the truth would not exist if it were not to “superficially appear” (scheinen) and “make its appearance” (erscheinen), writes Hegel – Schein and Erscheinung would still nonetheless be bound up everywhere with the criterium of the absolute; after all, the untruth of the aesthetic rests squarely in the fact that it cannot do other than to draw upon the language of Erscheinung. For Hölderlin, on the other hand, the Dionysian advances to become a metapoetic symbol combining its...

The Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) is an international micro-satellite constellation, currently capable of providing 32m spatial-resolution, tri-band, multi-spectral imagery over a 600km swath of any location in the world, within a 24-hour period. These satellites are soon to be augmented by further spacecraft, each carrying an additional 4m resolution panchromatic imager. The spectral band selection for the DMC spacecraft has been deliberately chosen to be equivalent to that of the SPOT HRV multi-spectral imagers and bands 2, 3 and 4 of the LANDSAT Thematic Mapper. Previous satellites have used these bands in a multitude of application areas from land-use classification, crop yield assessments and vegetation stress monitoring, to burn scar mapping, urban growth modeling and insect threat assessment. However, the unique combination of high-swath, medium-spatial resolution and high-temporal resolution of the DMC opens up a new range of application areas: The system is found to be ideal for monitoring the development of fire risk over very short temporal scales using a combination of scene-derived vegetation indices, classification maps and external thermal data. Additionally, the DMC data provides a unique resource for higher resolution mapping of the fire effects (burn scars), without the need of extensive "stitching" of images. Similarly, timely data on flooding can be obtained, and changes monitored on a daily basis. Already the DMC satellites have provided image data for humanitarian relief efforts in Darfur and following the recent Asian tsunami.

Introduction: Determining the frequency, geographical distribution and severity of electrical activity, (which converts water vapor to hydrogen peroxide) has important implications for the compatibility of the Martian atmosphere and surface with organics. Severe electrical discharges can also be a hazard for humans and robots. Electrical activity, created by charge separation in convective dust storms, has been detected through Earth-based observations [1], but little is known about the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. The emissions were seen intermittently during a 3½ hour period out of a total of about 60 hrs of observation over three weeks. More detailed exploration of these discharges can be obtained by Mars orbital measurements augmented by ground-based observations with the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) during mission tracking passes. Ground-based Observations: The Deep Space Network (DSN) has on-site signal processing equipment capable of automatically detecting Mars electrical activity. DSN antennas are pointed almost continuously at Mars. The equipment could detect such emission as effectively as the equipment used by Ruff et al. [1] to make the original detection. New signal processing equipment, for which a prototype is currently being developed, could better characterize such activity. Procedures and software would need to be developed to automate radio monitoring of Mars for such activity. Array of Orbiting Sensors: A detection system orbiting Mars would be many orders of magnitude more sensitive, even with less capable receivers and hemispherical antennas. This is because the electrically active region fills a far greater fraction of the beam of an orbiting antenna than any Earth-based antenna. Satellite-based Networking: A constellation of small communication relay satellites, providing surface and orbiting sensors and roving humans with a timedelay-tolerant packet-switched network could operate as such sensor system for electrical activity, and provide discharge location information. Such a constel-

COSMO-SkyMed is a Dual-Use program, devoted to produce both civilian and military applications, and as such it is required to have a fast response time, to manage conflicts and to optimize resources. In order to provide operational continuity to COSMOSkyMed mission, the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and Italian Ministry of Defense (It-MoD) are conceiving the next generation of the system.

Vil 2.7 Apports des recherches en ce qui concerne les attitudes du personnel enseignant de niveau postsecondaire envers la « clientèle émergente » 2.8 Besoins du personnel enseignant quant au soutien et à l'encadrement de la « clientèle émergente» 46 CHAPITRE III CADRE MÉTHODOLOGIQUE 51

This paper introduces a family of bandwidth efficient modulation schemes called quadrature multiplexed continuous phase modulation (QM-CPM). QM-CPM can be thought of as an alternative to smooth pulse-shaped quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Like pulse-shaped QAM, QM-CPM modulates smooth continuous signals onto the in-phase (I) and the quadrature-phase (Q) channels, but these signals are derived from CPM signals instead of being filtered to attain their desired smoothness and spectral properties. QM-MSK (QMminimum shift keying) is developed and is shown to double the bits/Hz over MSK while maintaining MSK's normalized minimum distance of d 2 min = 2.0. Classes of M 2-ary QM-CPFSK (QM-continuous phase frequency shift keying) signals are derived from constant envelope M-ary CPFSK signals to construct bandwidth efficient modulation schemes which are comparable to and offer advantages over pulse-shaped QAM.