Consistency Checking

We study topological as well as dynamical properties of BPS nonabelian magnetic monopoles of Goddard-Nuyts-Olive-Weinberg type in G = SU(N), USp(2N) and SO(N) gauge theories, spontaneously broken to nonabelian subgroups H. We find that monopoles transform under the group dual to H in a tensor representation of rank determined by the corresponding element in π 1 (H). When the system is embedded in a N = 2 supersymmetric theory with an appropriate set of flavors with appropriate bare masses, the BPS monopoles constructed semiclassically persist in the full quantum theory. This result supports the identification of "dual quarks" found at r-vacua of N = 2 theories with the nonabelian magnetic monopoles. We present several consistency checks of our monopole spectra.

We study consistency, satisfiability, and validity problems for collectively model checking a set of views endowed with labelled transitions, hybrid constraints on states, and atomic propositions. A PTIME algorithm for deciding whether a set of views has a common refinement (consistency) is given. We prove that deciding whether a common refinement satisfies a formula of the hybrid mu-calculus (satisfiability), and its dual (validity), are EXPTIME-complete. We determine two generically generated "summary" views that constitute informative and consistent common refinements and abstractions of a set of views (respectively).

The complexity of today-s software systems makes collaborative development necessary to accomplish tasks. Frameworks are necessary to allow developers perform their tasks independently yet collaboratively. Similarity detection is one of the major issues to consider when developing such frameworks. It allows developers to mine existing repositories when developing their own views of a software artifact, and it is necessary for identifying the correspondences between the views to allow merging them and checking their consistency. Due to the importance of the requirements specification stage in software development, this paper proposes a framework for collaborative development of Object- Oriented formal specifications along with a similarity detection approach to support the creation, merging and consistency checking of specifications. The paper also explores the impact of using additional concepts on improving the matching results. Finally, the proposed approach is empirically evaluated.

In this paper we present two approaches for solving robot manipulation tasks with articulated objects by using knowledge representation and reasoning languages and tools. Such languages and tools are used both for representing initial and final configurations from an ontology description and for planning the robot (manipulation) actions. In the first approach, standard PDDL language and solvers are used to plan those actions, and DL solvers for ontology consistency checking. In the second (ongoing) approach, ASP is employed as a unifying framework for both ontology checking and planning.

We present a hybrid approach for the Frequency Assignment Problem with Polarization. This problem, viewed as Max-CSP, is treated as a sequence of decision problems, CSP like. The proposed approach combines the Arc-Consistency techniques with a performed Tabu Search heuristic. The resulting algorithm gives some high quality solutions and has proved its robustness on instances with approximately a thousand variables and nearly ten thousand constraints.

The aim of our contribution is to introduce a database of linguistic forms and their functions built with the use of the multi-layer annotated corpora of Czech, the Prague Dependency Treebanks. The purpose of the Prague Database of Forms and Functions (ForFun) is to help the linguists to study the form-function relation, which we assume to be one of the principal tasks of both theoretical linguistics and natural language processing. We will also demonstrate possibilities of the exploitation of the ForFun database.

We introduce a substantial update of the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank, a parallel corpus manually annotated at the deep syntactic layer of linguistic representation. The English part consists of the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) section of the Penn Treebank. The Czech part was translated from the English source sentence by sentence. This paper gives a high level overview of the underlying linguistic theory (the so-called tectogrammatical annotation) with some details of the most important features like valency annotation, ellipsis reconstruction or coreference.

Cross-section data for the production of medically important radionuclide 124 I via five proton and deuteron induced reactions on enriched tellurium isotopes were evaluated. The nuclear model codes, STAPRE, EMPIRE and TALYS, were used for consistency checks of the experimental data. Recommended excitation functions were derived using a well-defined statistical procedure. Therefrom integral yields were calculated. The various production routes of 124 I were compared. Presently the 124 Te(p,n) 124 I reaction is the method of choice; however, the 125 Te(p,2n) 124 I reaction also appears to have great potential.

We measure the imprint of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) in the galaxy clustering pattern at the highest redshift achieved to date, z = 0.6, using the distribution of N = 132 509 emissionline galaxies in the WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey. We quantify BAOs using three statistics: the galaxy correlation function, power spectrum and the band-filtered estimator introduced by Xu et al. The results are mutually consistent, corresponding to a 4.0 per cent measurement of the cosmic distance-redshift relation at z = 0.6 [in terms of the acoustic parameter 'A(z)' introduced by Eisenstein et al., we find A(z = 0.6) = 0.452 ± 0.018]. Both BAOs and power spectrum shape information contribute towards these constraints. The statistical significance of the detection of the acoustic peak in the correlation function, relative to a wiggle-free model, is 3.2σ . The ratios of our distance measurements to those obtained using BAOs in the distribution of luminous red galaxies at redshifts z = 0.2 and 0.35 are consistent with a flat cold dark matter model that also provides a good fit to the pattern of observed fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation. The addition of the current WiggleZ data results in a ≈30 per cent improvement in the measurement accuracy of a constant equation of state, w, using BAO data alone. Based solely on geometric BAO distance ratios, accelerating expansion (w < -1/3) is required with a probability of 99.8 per cent, providing a consistency check of conclusions based on supernovae observations. Further improvements in cosmological constraints will result when the WiggleZ survey data set is complete.

We present TReMer+, a tool for consistency checking of distributed models (i.e., models developed by distributed teams). TReMer+ works by first constructing a merged model before checking consistency. This enables a flexible way of verifying global consistency properties that is not possible with other existing tools.

This paper reports a methodological proposal consisting of comparing the content of scientific articles represent in machine-processable format as triads Phenomenon-Semantic_Relation-Phenomenom with the content of Web public ontologies in order to identify traces of scientific discoveries reported by the article. Articles which content is poorly represented in those ontologies are strong candidates to report discoveries. The methodological proposal described will be the basis to the future development of an automatic procedure.

The problem of learning a computational model from examples has been receiving growing attention. For the particularly challenging problem of learning models of distributed systems, existing results are restricted to models with a fixed number of interacting processes. In this work we look for the first time (to the best of our knowledge) at the problem of learning a distributed system with an arbitrary number of processes, assuming only that there exists a cutoff, i.e., a number of processes that is sufficient to produce all observable behaviors. Specifically, we consider fine broadcast protocols, these are broadcast protocols (BPs) with a finite cutoff and no hidden states. We provide a learning algorithm that can infer a correct BP from a sample that is consistent with a fine BP, and a minimal equivalent BP if the sample is sufficiently complete. On the negative side we show that (a) characteristic sets of exponential size are unavoidable, (b) the consistency problem for fine BPs is NP hard, and (c) that fine BPs are not polynomially predictable.

Semistructured data has become prevalent in both web applications and database systems. This rapid growth in use makes the design of good semistructured data essential. Formal semantics and automated reasoning tools enable us to reveal the inconsistencies in a semistructured data model and its instances. The Object Relationship Attribute model for Semistructured data (ORA-SS) is a graphical notation for designing and representing semistructured data. This paper presents a methodology of encoding the semantics of ORA-SS in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and automatically validating the semistructured data design using the OWL reasoning tool -RACER. Our methodology provides automated consistency checking of an ORA-SS data model at both the schema and instance levels.

We report on observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) obtained during the 2003 January flight of BOOMERANG. These results are derived from 195 hr of observation with four 145 GHz polarization-sensitive bolometer (PSB) pairs, identical in design to the four 143 GHz Planck High Frequency Instrument ( HFI ) polarized pixels. The data include 75 hr of observations distributed over 1.84% of the sky with an additional 120 hr concentrated on the central portion of the field, which represents 0.22% of the full sky. From these data we derive an estimate of the angular power spectrum of temperature fluctuations of the CMB in 24 bands over the multipole range 50 l 1500. A series of features, consistent with those expected from acoustic oscillations in the primordial photonbaryon fluid, are clearly evident in the power spectrum, as is the exponential damping of power on scales smaller than the photon mean free path at the epoch of last scattering (l k 900). As a consistency check, the collaboration has performed two fully independent analyses of the time-ordered data, which are found to be in excellent agreement. Subject headingg s: cosmic microwave background -cosmology: observations -instrumentation: detectors

As part of the BIRD satellite mission, a GPS-based onboard navigation system (ONS) has been developed which supports the attitude control system, the geocoding of pay- load data as well the onboard time synchronization. In addition to the ONS functions, the GPS position data are applied to estimate the mean orbital elements and the ballistic coefficient of the SGP4 analytical orbit model using a Kalman filter. Based on the esti- mated mean elements, onboard eclipse predictions and station contact forecasts are performed and NORAD-compatible Twoline elements are generated. A combined space-ground autonomy is achieved, since the Twoline elements are transmitted from the BIRD satellite to an experimental ground station and thus allow an autonomous op- eration of the station without the need for a dedicated ground-based orbit interface.

Live sequence charts (LSCs) have been proposed as an interobject scenario-based specification and visual programming language for reactive systems. In this paper, we introduce a logic-based framework to check the consistency of an LSC specification. An LSC simulator has been implemented in logic programming, utilizing a memoized depth-first search strategy, to show how a reactive system in LSCs would response to a set of external event sequences. A formal notation is defined to specify external event sequences, extending the regular expression with a parallel operator and a testing control. The parallel operator allows interleaved parallel external events to be tested in LSCs simultaneously; while the testing control provides users to a new approach to specify and test certain temporal properties (e.g., CTL formula) in a form of LSC. Our framework further provides either a state transition graph or a failure trace to justify the consistency checking results.

A study was conducted during 1998 covering three Village Development Committees (VDCs) of Chitwan district, Nepal, to examine the consistency of results if carried out independently using formal and informal methods of information collection. Gender analysis (access and control profiles), and a face-to-face household survey (n = 123 households) were employed for this purpose. Gender differences in access to and control over household resources was studied. Results showed a consistent response from both household survey and gender analysis for most of the parameters studied, such as access to agriculture extension and veterinary services, participation in training, and community work. Gender response for control over resources, such as income from small animals was also similar from both methods. However, some of the parameters were not consistent in response. For example, there was no participation of women in control over income from cash crops and cereal crops and large animals as strongly indicated by gender analysis, which was not visible in the case of household survey. This raises a question about the reliability of using only one approach of information collection for rural development research. On the basis of these results, we suggest a combine approach of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection, which could be more reliable, informative and appropriate. The use of multiple methods also allows the researcher to cross-reference in order to validate the trustworthiness of information.

In this paper we propose a quasi-synchronous checkpointing algorithm and a low-overhead recovery algorithm based on it. The checkpointing algorithm preserves process autonomy by allowing them to take checkpoints asynchronously and uses communication-induced checkpoint coordination for the progression of the recovery line which helps bound rollback propagation during a recovery. Thus, it has the easertess and low overhead of asynchronous checkpointing and the recovery time advantages of synchronous checkpointing. There is no extra message overhead involved during checkpointing and the additional checkpointing overhead is nominal. The algorithm ensures the existence of a recovery line consistent with the latest checkpoint of any process all the time. The recovery algorithm exploits this feature to restore the system to a state consistent with the latest checkpoint of afailedprocess. The recovery algorithm has no domino effect and a failed process needs only to rollback to its latest checkpoint and request the other processes to roll back to a consistent checkpoint. To avoid domino effect, it uses selective pessimistic message logging at the receiver end. The recovery is asynchronousfor single process failure. Neither the recovery algorithm nor the checkpointing algorithm requires the channels to be FIFO. We do not use vector timestamps for determining dependency between checkpoints since vector timestamps generally result in high message overhead during failure-free operation. uses the checkpoints and message logs to restore the system to a consistent global state [12]. In the literature, several checkpointing schemes have been proposed for distributed systems. They can be broadly classified into two categories asynchronous and synchronous. In asynchronous checkpointing [3], processes take checkpoints periodically without any coordination with others. To recover from a failure, a process communicates with other processes to determine if their local states are causally related. If they are. processes that received messages which are responsible for causal dependencies, roll back to eliminate these causal dependencies. This process is repeated until the local states of all the processes are free from causal dependencies. This approach allows maximum process autonomy and has low checkpointing overhead. However, this approach may suffer from the domino effect, in which the processes roll back recursively while determining a consistent set of checkpoints. To reduce domino effect, Kim et al. [9] and Venkatesh et al. [17] use the dependency tracking and insert checkpoints before processing a new message that introduces dependency. Message logging [6, 7, 14, 161 and message reordering [ 191 have been suggested in the literature to cope with the domino effect.

Short period variations in polar motion are mostly caused by the system atmosphere- ocean impact. In this work we compare the geodetic and geophysical excitation. Geodetic excitation have been estimated on the basis of polar motion series with sub-diurnal temporal resolution obtained from VLBI observations. For our comparison we used two sets of geophysical data: first one is that of atmo- spheric and oceanic angular momenta (AAM, OAM) calculated during ERA-40 reanalysis project; second one contains AAM series derived from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis project and corresponding OAM series from the barotropic OGCM (Oceanic Global Circulation Model) model. Our analysis covers prograde diurnal frequency band.

We develop and test spectral Galerkin schemes to solve the coupled Orr-Sommerfeld (OS) and induction equations for parallel, incompressible MHD in free-surface and fixed-boundary geometries. The schemes' discrete bases consist of Legendre internal shape functions, supplemented with nodal shape functions for the weak imposition of the stress and insulating boundary conditions. The orthogonality properties of the basis polynomials solve the matrixcoefficient growth problem, and eigenvalue-eigenfunction pairs can be computed stably at spectral orders at least as large as p = 3,000 with p-independent roundoff error. Accuracy is limited instead by roundoff sensitivity due to non-normality of the stability operators at large hydrodynamic and/or magnetic Reynolds numbers (Re, Rm 4 × 10 4). In problems with Hartmann velocity and magnetic-field profiles we employ suitable Gauss quadrature rules to evaluate the associated exponentially weighted sesquilinear forms without error. An alternative approach, which involves approximating the forms by means of Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto (LGL) quadrature at the 2p − 1 precision level, is found to yield equal eigenvalues within roundoff error. As a consistency check, we compare modal growth rates to energy growth rates in nonlinear simulations and record relative discrepancy smaller than 10 −5 for the least stable mode in free-surface flow at Re = 3 × 10 4. Moreover, we confirm that the computed normal modes satisfy an energy conservation law for free-surface MHD with error smaller than 10 −6. The critical Reynolds number in free-surface MHD is found to be sensitive to the magnetic Prandtl number Pm, even at the Pm = O(10 −5) regime of liquid metals.

In models with a non-minimal Higgs sector, the lightest scalar state may be a neutral CP-even Higgs boson, whose properties are nearly identical to those of the minimal Higgs boson of the Standard Model. In such a scenario, the other Higgs scalars are significantly heavier than m Z ; their effects rapidly decouple from the low-energy theory. The decoupling limit of the most general CP-conserving two-Higgs doublet model is formulated. Detection of evidence for a non-minimal Higgs sector in the decoupling limit presents a formidable challenge for Higgs searches at future colliders.

We describe the automatic conversion of English Penn Treebank (PTB) annotations into Language Neutral Syntax (LNS) (Campbell and Suzuki, 2002a,b). In this paper, we describe LNS and why it is useful, describe the conversion algorithm, present an evaluation of the conversion, and discuss some uses of the converted annotations and the potential for extending the coverage to other languages. The work described here is in the spirit of other automatic re-annotations of PTB trees (e.g. , but differs in the nature of the output.

In this paper, we use Cluster data from one magnetopause event on 5 July 2001 to compare predictions from various methods for determination of the velocity, orientation, and thickness of the magnetopause current layer. We employ established as well as new multi-spacecraft techniques, in which time differences between the crossings by the four spacecraft, along with the duration of each crossing, are used to calculate magnetopause speed, normal vector, and width. The timing is based on data from either the Cluster Magnetic Field Experiment (FGM) or the Electric Field Experiment (EFW) instruments. The multi-spacecraft results are compared with those derived from various singlespacecraft techniques, including minimum-variance analysis of the magnetic field and deHoffmann-Teller, as well as Minimum-Faraday-Residue analysis of plasma velocities and magnetic fields measured during the crossings. In order to improve the overall consistency between multi-and single-spacecraft results, we have also explored the use of hybrid techniques, in which timing information from the four spacecraft is combined with certain limited results from single-spacecraft methods, the remaining results being left for consistency checks. The results show good agreement between magnetopause orientations derived from appropriately chosen single-spacecraft techniques and those obtained from multi-spacecraft timing. The agreement between magnetopause speeds derived from single-and multi-spacecraft methods is quantitatively somewhat less good but it is evident that the speed can change substantially from one crossing to the next within an event. The magnetopause thickness varied

The cryogenic limb array etaIon spectrometer (CLAES) onboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) has obtained the first global measurements of CF2C12 over six seasons, for which 388 days have been processed in data version 7 for the period from January 9, 1992, to May 5, 1993. The CLAES measurements provide a near- global view of this stratospheric species, greatly

In this letter, we propose an algorithm to detect the presence of forest fires using data from both geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites. The very frequent acquisitions of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager radiometer placed onboard the Meteosat Second Generation-9 satellite are used as main source for the algorithm, while the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer global vegetation index and the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer measurements are used to enhance the reliability of the detection. The problem is approached in a "global" way, providing the basis for an automated system that is not dependent on the local area properties. In cooperation with the Centre de Suivi Écologique (Dakar, Senegal), the proposed algorithm was implemented in a "Multisource Fire Risk Management System" for the Senegal area, as briefly described in this letter. A field campaign of one week was carried out in order to perform a validation of the system's detections, showing a good agreement with the fire coordinates measured on the ground. Furthermore, a consistency check was performed using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Rapid Response System, showing that more than 76% of high-confidence MODIS events are detected by the algorithm.

The accurate modeling of gravitational radiation is a key issue for gravitational wave astronomy. As simulation codes reach higher accuracy, systematic errors inherent in current numerical relativity waveextraction methods become evident, and may lead to a wrong astrophysical interpretation of the data. In this paper, we give a detailed description of the Cauchy-characteristic extraction technique applied to binary black hole inspiral and merger evolutions to obtain gravitational waveforms that are defined unambiguously, that is, at future null infinity. By this method we remove finite-radius approximations and the need to extrapolate data from the near zone. Further, we demonstrate that the method is free of gauge effects and thus is affected only by numerical error. Various consistency checks reveal that energy and angular momentum are conserved to high precision and agree very well with extrapolated data. In addition, we revisit the computation of the gravitational recoil and find that finite radius extrapolation very well approximates the result at J +. However, the (non-convergent) systematic differences to extrapolated data are of the same order of magnitude as the (convergent) discretisation error of the Cauchy evolution hence highlighting the need for correct wave-extraction.

With the availability of hybrid DRAM-NVRAM memory on the memory bus of CPUs, a number of file systems on NVRAM have been designed and implemented. In this paper we present the design and implementation of a file system on NVRAM called DurableFS, which provides atomicity and durability of file operations to applications. Due to the byte level random accessibility of memory, it is possible to provide these guarantees without much overhead. We use standard techniques like copy on write for data, and a redo log for metadata changes to build an efficient file system which provides durability and atomicity guarantees at the time a file is closed. Benchmarks on the implementation shows that there is only a 7 %degradation in performance due to providing these guarantees.

We propose a number of new Seiberg dualities of N = 1 quiver gauge theories. The new Seiberg dualities originate in new S-dualities of N = 2 superconformal field theories recently proposed by Gaiotto. N = 2 S-dual theories deformed by suitable mass terms flow to our N = 1 Seiberg dual theories. We show that the number of exactly marginal operators is universal for these Seiberg dual theories and the 't Hooft anomaly matching holds for these theories. These provide strong evidence for the new Seiberg dualities. Furthermore, we study in detail the Klebanov-Witten type theory and its dual as a concrete example. We show that chiral operators and their non-linear relations match between these theories. These arguments also give non-trivial consistency checks for our proposal.

The analysis of time-varying systems is attracting a lot of attention in the modelbased diagnosis community. In this paper we propose an approach to the diagnosis of such systems, relying on a component-oriented model; we provide separately a behavioral model, that is, knowledge about the consequences of different behavioral modes of the components, and a model of the possible temporal evolution of such modes (mode transition graphs). In the basic approach, we assume that the consequences of behavioral modes are instantaneous with respect to the transition between two modes; this allows us to decompose the solution of a temporal diagnostic problem into two subtasks: determining solutions of atemporal problems in different time points and assembling the solution of the temporal problem from those of the atemporal ones. Most of the definitions and machinery developed for static diagnosis can be re-used in such a framework. We then consider the consequences of some extensions. Even allowing for very simple temporal relations in the behavioral model leads to a more complex interference between reasoning on the behavioral models and the consistency check with respect to possible temporal evolutions. We also briefly analyze the case of adding quantitative temporal knowledge or probabilistic knowledge to the mode transition graphs. * This work was partially supported by CNR under grants 91.00916.PF69 and 91.02351.CT12.

In the present paper we introduce the notion of Variable Assignment Problem (VAP) as an abstract framework for characterizing diagnosis. Components of the system to be diagnosed are put in correspondence with variables, behavioral modes of the components are the values of the variables and a diagnosis is a variable assignment which explains the observations of the diagnostic problem, by considering the constraints put by the domain theory. In order to have a concise representation of diagnoses and to reduce the search ...

Cross-section data for the production of medically important radionuclide 124 I via five proton and deuteron induced reactions on enriched tellurium isotopes were evaluated. The nuclear model codes, STAPRE, EMPIRE and TALYS, were used for consistency checks of the experimental data. Recommended excitation functions were derived using a well-defined statistical procedure. Therefrom integral yields were calculated. The various production routes of 124 I were compared. Presently the 124 Te(p,n) 124 I reaction is the method of choice; however, the 125 Te(p,2n) 124 I reaction also appears to have great potential.

Our group is conducting an ongoing high precision laser spectroscopy experiment to measure the fine structure splittings in the helium atom. Discussed is the work done to improve and refine our newly designed and built apparatus over our previously used ...

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 5-year data provide stringent limits on deviations from the minimal, six-parameter Λ cold dark matter model. We report these limits and use them to constrain the physics of cosmic inflation via Gaussianity, adiabaticity, the power spectrum of primordial fluctuations, gravitational waves, and spatial curvature. We also constrain models of dark energy via its equation of state, parity-violating interaction, and neutrino properties, such as mass and the number of species. We detect no convincing deviations from the minimal model. The six parameters and the corresponding 68% uncertainties, derived from the WMAP data combined with the distance measurements from the Type Ia supernovae (SN) and the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) in the distribution of galaxies, are: Ω b h 2 = 0.02267 +0.00058 −0.00059 , Ω c h 2 = 0.1131 ± 0.0034, Ω Λ = 0.726 ± 0.015, n s = 0.960 ± 0.013, τ = 0.084 ± 0.016, and Δ 2 R = (2.445 ± 0.096) × 10 −9 at k = 0.002 Mpc −1. From these, we derive σ 8 = 0.812 ± 0.026, H 0 = 70.5 ± 1.3 km s −1 Mpc −1 , Ω b = 0.0456 ± 0.0015, Ω c = 0.228 ± 0.013, Ω m h 2 = 0.1358 +0.0037 −0.0036 , z reion = 10.9 ± 1.4, and t 0 = 13.72 ± 0.12 Gyr. With the WMAP data combined with BAO and SN, we find the limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r < 0.22 (95% CL), and that n s > 1 is disfavored even when gravitational waves are included, which constrains the models of inflation that can produce significant gravitational waves, such as chaotic or power-law inflation models, or a blue spectrum, such as hybrid inflation models. We obtain tight, simultaneous limits on the (constant) equation of state of dark energy and the spatial curvature of the universe: −0.14 < 1 + w < 0.12 (95% CL) and −0.0179 < Ω k < 0.0081 (95% CL). We provide a set of "WMAP distance priors," to test a variety of dark energy models with spatial curvature. We test a timedependent w with a present value constrained as −0.33 < 1 + w 0 < 0.21 (95% CL). Temperature and dark matter fluctuations are found to obey the adiabatic relation to within 8.9% and 2.1% for the axion-type and curvaton-type dark matter, respectively. The power spectra of TB and EB correlations constrain a parity-violating interaction, which rotates the polarization angle and converts E to B. The polarization angle could not be rotated more than −5. • 9 < Δα < 2. • 4 (95% CL) between the decoupling and the present epoch. We find the limit on the total mass of massive neutrinos of m ν < 0.67 eV (95% CL), which is free from the uncertainty in the normalization of the large-scale structure data. The number of relativistic degrees of freedom (dof), expressed in units of the effective number of neutrino species, is constrained as N eff = 4.4 ± 1.5 (68%), consistent with the standard value of 3.04. Finally, quantitative limits on physically-motivated primordial non-Gaussianity parameters are −9 < f local NL < 111 (95% CL) and −151 < f equil NL < 253 (95% CL) for the local and equilateral models, respectively.

We have used the Evans-Cummings (EC) nonequilibrium-molecular-dynamics (NEMD) heat-flow al- gorithm for liquid mixtures to calculate the thermal conductivity and the Dufour coefficient of a binary Lennard-Jones mixture. A consistency check has been carried out by applying the NEMD color- conductivity algorithm to evaluate the mutual diffusion and the Soret coefficients, which, according to the Onsager reciprocal relations, are equal. Further checking was carried out by comparing these NEMD results with equilibrium Green-Kubo calculations. This work extends that recently carried out by us [S. Sarman and D. J. Evans, Phys. Rev. A 45, 2370 (1992), hereafter referred to as I] to a much lower density and higher temperature than that studied in I. At this state point the Soret and Dufour coefficients are much larger than their corresponding triple-point values in I. This enables considerably more accurate checks of algorithm validity. The NEMD and the Green-Kubo estimates for the thermal conductivity and the mutual diffusion coefficients agree within statistical uncertainties of about 2%. The difference between the cross-coupling coefficients obtained by the various methods is more than twice as accurate as in I, namely, 6% compared to 15%. This provides a convincing check of the correctness of the EC algorithm. We have also developed a way of applying the EC algorithm that increases the accu- racy of estimates of the Dufour coefficient. When this method was applied to the triple-point fluid, the results agreed with those in I; however, the errors were reduced by a factor of 3.

CNF propositional satis ability (SAT) is a special kind of the more general Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). While lookback techniques appear to be of little use to solve hard random SAT problems, it is supposed that they are necessary to solve hard structured SAT problems. In this paper, we propose a very simple DPL procedure called Satz which only employs some look-ahead techniques: a variable ordering heuristic, a forward consistency checking (Unit Propagation) and a limited resolution before the search, where the heuristic is itself based on unit propagation. Satz is favorably compared on random 3-SAT problems with three DPL procedures among the best in the literature for these problems. Furthermore on a great number of problems in 4 wellknown SAT benchmarks Satz reaches or outspeeds the performance of three other DPL procedures among the best in the literature for structured SAT problems. The comparative results suggest that a suitable exploitation of look-ahead techniques, while very simple and e cient for random SAT problems, may allow to do without sophisticated look-back techniques in a DPL procedure.

In this paper, we address the problem of consistency checking for Euclidean spatial constraints. A dimension graph representation is proposed to maintain the Euclidean spatial constraints among objects. The basic idea is to project the spatial constraints on both X and Y dimensions, and the dimension graph is constructed on each dimension. By using the dimension graph representation, the problem of consistency checking is then transformed to a graph cycle detection problem. The consistency checking can be achieved with O(N+E) time as well as space complexity, where N is the number of spatial objects, and E is the number of spatial predicates in the constraint. The proposed approach to consistency checking for spatial constraints is faster than O(N 2) when the number of predicates is much smaller than N 2 and there are few disjunctions in the spatial constraint. The dimension graph and consistency checking algorithm can be used for points, intervals and polygons in 2 dimensional space. The algorithm can guarantee the global consistency.

The screening properties of fullerene molecules are described by means of a continuum model which uses the electronic wave functions of planar graphite as a starting point. The long-distance behavior of the system gives rise to a renormalizable theory, which flows towards a nontrivial fixed point. Its existence implies an anomalous dielectric constant. The screening properties are neither metallic nor insulating. Alternatively, the intramolecular screening is obtained from a simple approximation to the electronic wave functions. Intermolecular effects are also calculated. As a consistency check, it is shown that the observed polarizability of C 60 is well-reproduced.

With the availability of hybrid DRAM-NVRAM memory on the memory bus of CPUs, a number of file systems on NVRAM have been designed and implemented. In this paper we present the design and implementation of a file system on NVRAM called DurableFS, which provides atomicity and durability of file operations to applications. Due to the byte level random accessibility of memory, it is possible to provide these guarantees without much overhead. We use standard techniques like copy on write for data, and a redo log for metadata changes to build an efficient file system which provides durability and atomicity guarantees at the time a file is closed. Benchmarks on the implementation shows that there is only a 7 %degradation in performance due to providing these guarantees.

The angular distributions of protons after traversing thin polycrystalline Al targets ($15 nm) with an incident energy of 10 keV have been measured and an analysis of the targets by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques has been made. The separate influence of the different crystal characteristics and defects has been evaluated by numerical simulation considering the interaction of the ion with all the nearest neighboring atoms simultaneously. In the analysis we included the evaluation of the effects of lattice vibrations, oxide layers and foil roughness on the angular distributions. Previous experimental data in monocrystalline and polycrystalline Au targets has also been analyzed. For a consistency check a comparison with the results of the MARLOWE code for the simpler case of proton channeling in h1 0 0i Al has been performed. As in the case of Au, the present results indicate that the experiments can be explained in terms of a modified Moliere potential, and confirm the critical influence of crystal characteristics, in this case the amorphous oxide layer on the surface and the thermal vibration of the lattice atoms.

In this paper we present a new coarse grain approach to automated integrated (functional) testing, which combines three paradigms: library-based test design, meaning construction of test graphs by combination of test case components on a coarse granular level, incremental formalization, through successive enrichment of a special-purpose environment for application-specific test development and execution, and library-based consistency checking, allowing continuous verification of application-and aspect-specific properties by means of model checking. These features and their impact for the test process and the test engineers are illustrated along an industrial application: an automated integrated testing environment for CTI-Systems.

Software architecture is widely presented in multiple architectural views in order to address different concerns of stakeholders and to minimize complexities of presenting architecture in one model. Using multiple architecture views raised the problem of inconsistencies as views are interrelated and overlap with one another. This paper proposes a framework to help checking inconsistencies between architectural views. We firstly define the types of inconsistencies that might occur between multiple architectural views and then we propose a framework for checking inconsistencies between them. At the end a case study is provided to evaluate the framework.

Context. Fast line-driven stellar winds play an important role in the evolution of planetary nebulae, even though they are relatively weak. Aims. We provide global (unified) hot star wind models of central stars of planetary nebulae. The models predict wind structure including the mass-loss rates, terminal velocities, and emergent fluxes from basic stellar parameters. Methods. We applied our wind code for parameters corresponding to evolutionary stages between the asymptotic giant branch and white dwarf phases for a star with a final mass of 0.569 M⊙. We study the influence of metallicity and wind inhomogeneities (clumping) on the wind properties. Results. Line-driven winds appear very early after the star leaves the asymptotic giant branch (at the latest for Teff ≈ 10 kK) and fade away at the white dwarf cooling track (below Teff = 105 kK). Their mass-loss rate mostly scales with the stellar luminosity and, consequently, the mass-loss rate only varies slightly during the transition...

CST&#39;s Baby CareLink provides a &#39;collaborative healthware&#39; environment for parents of premature infants that incorporates just-in-time learning as one means of knowledge exploration and patient empowerment (1), (2), (3). As the Baby CareLink content base has continued to grow, it has become increasingly difficult for content prescribers to identify all relevant resources for parents at a given point in time