Concept Development

The quality of nursing care as perceived by hospitalized patients with advanced illness has not been examined. A concept of quality nursing care for this population was developed by integrating the literature on constructs defining quality nursing care with empirical findings from interviews of 16 patients with advanced illness. Quality nursing care was characterized as competence and personal caring supported by professionalism and delivered with an appropriate demeanor. Although the attributes of competence, caring, professionalism, and demeanor were identified as common components of quality care across various patient populations, the caring domain increased in importance when patients with advanced illness perceived themselves as vulnerable. Assessment of quality nursing care for patients with advanced illness needs to include measures of patient perceptions of vulnerability. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:299–315, 2010

Bu çalışmada; bilgi işlemsel düşünme kavramının gelişim süreçleri ve eğitime yansımaları incelenmiştir. Derleme yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen bu inceleme çalışması; kavramın ortaya çıkışından günümüzün eğitim perspektifinde temel bir beceri olarak kabul edilmesine kadar ortaya konan başlıca çalışmaları sentezleyerek kavrama ilişkin bir bakış açısı oluşturmaktadır. Teknoloji öğretimine yeni bir bakış açısı getiren ve bunu insanın akıl yürütme sistemiyle açıklayan bilgi işlemsel düşünme kavramı, eğitimin tüm dallarına etki eden yeni bir yöntem sunmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bilgi işlemsel düşünme kavramıyla bütünleştirilen beceri setinin dünyanın farklı ülkelerinde eğitim ortamlarına ve uygulamalarına yansımaların üzerinde durularak, öğrencilerin sahip olması beklenen becerileri planlarken dikkate değer önemine de vurgu yapılmaktadır.

Bakgrund och problem: Sedan år 1983 har det funnits revisionsplikt för alla aktiebolag i Sverige. Detta grundades på debatten som uppstod år 1980, där man fick upp synen på ekonomiska brottsligheten som tog de mindre bolagen med storm och det skulle motverkas genom att införa plikt om revision (Agélii & Karlsson, 2008, Sid. 74-75). Utredningen att avskaffa revisionsplikten förslag är att 96 % av alla aktiebolag som inte är noterade i börsen och dem företag som inte uppfyller gränsvärdena som regeringen satt upp, ska slippa revisionen som är lagstadgad (Agélii & Karlsson, 2008, Sid. 13-14). Ett sådant beslut kommer att föra med sig stora konsekvenser som kommer att påverka företagets administration och pålitlighet. Hur kommer detta beslut att påverka de små aktiebolagen? Syfte: Syftet med arbetet är att granska, utvärdera och få en uppfattning av de små aktiebolagens attityd och ställning inför lagen om avskaffandet av revisions plikt. Resultat och slutsatser: De mindre företagens ställning till avskaffningen av revisionsplikten är olika då vissa företag kommer bevara revisionen och andra väljer avskaffa den då lagen träder i kraft. I länderna Danmark och Finland har man avskaffat revisionsplikten men ändå väljer många företag i dessa länder att bevara revisionsplikten då den funkar som en kvalitets stämpel. Att företag får välja om de ska bevara eller avskaffa revisionsplikten är den viktigaste tanken.

Present thesis relies on sustainable approach and the Innovative Conceptual Engineering Design. Concept development of a food-growing unit on Mars is a part of a challenge named "Sustainable Human Habitation of Mars" stated by NASA's Epic Challenge Joensuu educational program. The thesis is a result of my collaboration with BioMars team that represents our vision on a food-growing system, which should be able to function independently beyond the Earth. The project at hand was carried out according to the ICED methodology, which should require not only teamwork but also individual brainstorming and personal responsibilities. Thus, the current thesis should be considered as an outcome of activity within a field of design sustained by teamwork in terms of knowledge in engineering. A concept idea of a food-growing unit was designed based on an implementation of algae and insect breeding as well as aeroponics as the main system for plant cultivation. The food-growing system was developed while taking into account Mars' environment as well as In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) to sustain humans on the Red Planet.

This is a quantitative study of the credit preferences of the smallest micro enterprises with an annual turnover less than 10 million SEK. Micro enterprises are small enterprises with less than 10 people employed and an annual turnover of less than 2 million euro. The purpose of the study is to compare micro enterprises due to branch and size of the company and investigate how their preferences are for external long loans and for a special tax shield, periodiseringsfond that can be seen as a hybrid of external and internal financing. Due to the rules for the tax shield periodiseringsfonder in Sweden it is micro enterprises that are limited which are studied. Theoretical framework is based on asymmetric information theory, more specifically in the pecking order theory, POT depending on size of the company and trade off-theory depending on branch and preferences for credit. The chosen branches are manufacturing and services, which are considered to differ regarding credit preferences. The manufacturing sector has more material assets, making it easier for them to obtain external credit. The service sector on the other hand, with more immaterial assets would then prefer more internal generated financing. A number of hypotheses are tested with chi 2. From the study it appears that branch matters, as it's a significant result that the service sector have greater preferences for tax shields as financing than the manufacturing sector. For size there were no significant results.

The means of design and manufacturing require a shift of course to meet with the need of a future sustainable consumption. Innovative design strategies to create emotionally durable products have emerged from the research fields of sustainable design and user attachment. Emotionally durable products can contribute to change the pattern of consumption and therefore restrain manufacturing globally. However, most of these strategies are inadequate as design methods. In order to actuate such strategies into design concepts, new methods are needed. This lead to the research question: How can the combination of research from psychology and design affect designers' ability to create sustainable product concepts? This article introduces the new design approach "psychology-based design approach" (PSYDA) were research from design and psychology are combined. The expected learning outcome through the use of the PSYDA in design education is to be able to create a design process in order to evoke specific feelings through product concepts. The PSYDA was the basis for a case study arranged for students in product design education. This lead to the definition and illustration of the design parameter named "inclusive exclusivity" i.a., seemingly contradictory values, combined in one solution. The analysis of the case study indicates that the approach can be used as a tool to define and create product concepts that evoke feelings of user attachment. Working with PSYDA seemed to have had a good effect on the learning environment since the approach urged students to think beyond the traditional design process.

This article explores how to design for product longevity. The design approach Contexts of Experience (COE) makes the basis for this interdisciplinary study which combines research on consumer-product attachment (CPA) and related psychological mechanisms, design and design practice. The conceptual design approach COE was explored through a case study with student projects on master's level in product design and interviews. One specific project namely the "Spa radiator" that to a great extent infused various experiences as part of the product made the main subject for this study. Through the case analysis done by concept mapping, five different Levels of Activation (LoA) were disclosed: cognitive, motional, relational, perceptive and imaginative. The activation dimension identified is argued to have emerged primarily through the process of making experiences for different contexts of use and the awareness of psychological mechanisms, facilitated by the COE approach. The COE approach seems therefore to contribute to the making of products that facilitate the modelling of memories and associations through user activation. As these emotions and thoughts are potentially tied up to the product it seems essential to create functions that elicit different levels of activation in order to design for product longevity and hence the environment. Memories can furthermore contribute to the commercial value of products since the experiences they elicit are closely tied to brand value. The LoA is therefore suggested as an analytical and creative tool in order to evaluate the ability of a design concept to stimulate CPA, in addition to the COE approach.

Denna studie undersöker huruvida Private Equity-bolag lyckas skapa bestående operationellt värde i förvärvade portföljbolag. Studien beaktar mått som reflekterar utvecklingen för olika intressentgrupper i syfte att åskådliggöra Private Equity-bolagens sammantagna bidrag till värdeskapande. Undersökningen är av kvantitativ karaktär och är baserad på ett urval av 19 svenska bolag som under åren 1999-2008 förvärvats och avyttrats av ett Private Equity-bolag. Studien genomförs genom att studera utvecklingen av finansiella nyckeltal samt därtill kompletterande mått för intressenters välstånd under perioden mellan förvärv och avyttring samt tre år efter avyttring. För att justera för makroekonomiska och branschövergripande fluktuationer har portföljbolagens utveckling jämförts med en jämförelsegrupp bestående av branschkonkurrenter. Den sammanvägda slutsatsen är att den begränsade positiva utveckling vi observerar under holdingperioden gradvis försämras under de första tre åren efter avyttring. Ur ett intressentperspektiv konstateras att ingen intressentgrupp drabbas av direkta försämringar vare sig under holdingperioden eller tre år därefter.

Population Services International (PSI) is an international NGO working to improve outcomes in developing countries through behavior change communications and the social marketing of health products and services. Consumer insight is central to PSI's social marketing strategy because it informs which messages to promote and which products and services to offer to make the concept of healthy behavior change attractive to consumers. Qualitative research provides rich insight by exploring consumers' values, feelings, thoughts, intentions, barriers, motivators, culture, and social norms that affect their behaviors and use of products and services. In this paper, we describe how PSI's qualitative research program developed from 2003 to 2013, and how using an interpretive approach and more appropriate data collection methods improved our consumer insight and marketing planning process.

We take this opportunity to offer a few remarks on the background and motivation for this edited collection of chapters that aim to seek new frontiers for theories of mathematics education. This book grew out of the 29 th meeting of the International Group of the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME) in Melbourne, 2005, where we co-organized a research forum on theories of mathematics education (see English and Sriraman 2005). This led to our production of two ZDM issues on theories of mathematics education, which consisted of extended versions of the papers presented at the research forum in addition to complementary theoretical perspectives that were not present in the forum (see Sriraman and English 2005, 2006). Numerous handbooks have been published since 2005 that have provided grist for the theoretical foundations of our field (e.g., Alexander and Winne 2006; Campbell 2005; English et al. 2008; Lester 2007), and suggest that the identity of our field is continually developing (Sriraman 2009). There are newer developments in numerous areas within mathematics education such as complexity theory, neurosciences, critical theory, feminist theory, social justice theory, networking theories, and semiotics. This first book in the new Springer series Advances in Mathematics Education is the ideal platform to take an avant garde look at theories of mathematics education, using the two ZDM issues on theories as a point of departure. The book synthesizes the past and orients towards newer frontiers by synergizing areas that have been developing rapidly in the last five years. After 13 months of very intense activity with the cast of 50+ contributing authors, we have finally succeeded in bringing together a substantial book on theories of mathematics education. The task was by no means easy given the extremely tight deadline; indeed the book would not have been possible without the excellent cooperation of each and every author. The book comprises of 19 parts consisting of 59 prefaces, chapters and commentaries, with ∼30% of the chapters coming from the two previous ZDM issues on theories (Sriraman and English 2005, 2006). The chapter by Judith Jacobs on feminist pedagogy comes from a 1994 issue of ZDM, and the chapter by Gerald Goldin on problem solving heuristics, affect, and discrete mathematics comes from a 2004 issue of ZDM.

Date: 2019-05-04
Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 ECTS
Institution: The School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University
Authors: Philip Der Nercessian, Michel Jeangey 930919 880814
Title: The alarming state of the payment system: A literature review of the current monetary payment system in Sweden, and Bitcoin as an alternative payment system
Tutor: Esbjörn Segelod
Keywords: Payment system, fractional reserve banking, full reserve banking, Bitcoin and Crypto
Research: Does the current monetary payment system in Sweden need to be reviewed? What are the alternative solutions and what criteria’s should be applied to them?
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate what risks the current monetary payment system used in Sweden is exposed to, as well as to which alternative solutions can be applied, and to investigate whether Bitcoin can be part of the solution. Furthermore, a detailed review will be made of the various payment systems currently used in Sweden and its various components in order to thereby draw some conclusions.
Method: This study is a literature study based on four factors, full reserve banking, fractional reserve banking, current payment system and Bitcoin. By examining these depths to gain a broader understanding of the different components influence on each other, and thereby being able to draw the conclusion generated by the work. For this study, we have used a qualitative method, more specifically a content analysis with inductive approach.

From a Vygotskian sociocultural perspective, second language teacher development is viewed as a continuing, cooperative, dialogical, and dialectical process which hinges on the interactions between teacher educators and teachers as they engage in teacher education initiatives. According to Johnson (2015), it is crucial that studies in the area focus on the dynamics within these initiatives, investigating what teachers learn while participating in them and how this knowledge impacts their teaching activity. In this context, looking into the interplay between the mediation offered by teacher educators and how teachers refract such a mediation through their perezhivanie is fundamental to grasp how the environmental structure (i.e., the social situation of development) is created, as well as understand its potential to shape the ways teachers come to know their professional landscape and teach. With this in mind, drawing on Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory (1978, 1987), the present study is aimed at investigating how a teacher educator’s mediation and its refraction by two ESL teachers during a series of dialogic activities forged the social situation of development that promoted robust reasoning teaching and pedagogically informed instructional practice. Data were collected during 8 cycles of dialogic practices that involved narrative writing, video-recording of actual classes and moments of synchronous interaction between the teacher educator and teachers. During these cycles, specific aspects of the teachers’ professional activity that they considered troublesome were explored. As interactions progressed and the teacher educator became more familiarized with the teachers’ needs, responsive mediation was offered to have them intentionally revisit – through ideal forms (Vygotsky, 1994) – their thinking and practice in order to develop more robust views of the profession. The interplay between the mediation and the teachers’ refractions of it resulted in ZPD activity (Holzman, 2018), moments of cognitive/emotional dissonance (Johnson; Worden, 2014; Johnson; Golombek, 2016), and higher levels of intersubjectivity (Wertsch, 1984;1985), which shaped the new environmental structures that pushed the teachers towards expert-like ways of thinking about their teaching and making pedagogically sound instructional choices. Results indicate that both teachers were able to take up the academic concepts introduced as they built upon them to plan and teach their lessons, articulated the reasoning behind their intentions and actions, and ultimately resolved their concerns. The study shows that deliberately capitalizing on academic concepts to have teachers (re)structure their thinking and practice has great potential to foster the development of robust reasoning, which may result in well-founded instructional choices. The interplay between the teacher educator and teachers displays how responsively addressing teachers’ concerns may push them ahead of themselves as they experience the mediation offered through the lens of their perezhivanie, which shapes the extent to which what they encounter on the social plane is internalized. The data illustrate the value of a Vygotskian approach to teacher education, putting the dialectical relationship between the dyad teacher educator-teacher under the spotlight as it was the very co-construction of the social situation of development that led to robust reasoning teaching and pedagogically informed instructional practice.

An exploratory study was conducted to investigate firstly, the contextual problems first-year university students experienced at their respective schools and secondly, the subject related-problems that they could be bringing to science classes and which could later affect their understanding of science concepts. The study is grounded in constructivism. A questionnaire was administered to all the 2007 First-year B.Ed (FET) Natural Science students at the Central University of Technology, Free State. The contextual problems identified by respondents included school, educator, examiner and student-related problems. Subject specific problem areas were identified in biology, chemistry and physics. The paper also reports on the preliminary results of some teaching interventions implemented in the three subjects. A Force Concept Inventory (FCI) test was administered to the physics students, and a concept test for chemistry group. Concept mapping as a teaching and learning strategy has been...

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersoka om det forekommer ett samband mellan riskjusterad avkastning hos 161 Europafonder och dess arliga avgift. Vi anvander oss av Jensens Alpha och Information Ratio som riskjusterade avkastningsmatt for var och en av fonderna. De har raknats ut genom data av veckovisa NAV-kurser, uttryckta efter avdrag for avgifter, mellan april 2014 och mars 2019. Varje fond ar riskjusterade genom ett jamforelseindex som Morningstar anser vara det mest lampade utifran deras standardiserade kategorisering. Sambandet undersoktes genom att utfora en regression mellan respektive avkastningsmatt och fondernas arliga avgift. Utifran regressionerna observeras inget statistiskt signifikant samband pa 5%-signifikansniva. Det betyder att en fond med hogre avgifter inte nodvandigtvis genererar varken en hogre eller lagre riskjusterad avkastning jamfort med en fond med lagre avgift. Detta signalerar en tendens att den effektiva marknadshypotesen kan bli gallande i dess halvs...

The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge regarding the effect anchor investors have on price and volatility for a company during its IPO. Methodology The study uses a quantitative method and deductive approach. A central aspect in the choice of methodology is the limited available data, since anchor investors on the Swedish market is a fairly new phenomenon. This has been handled by using matching control groups, where companies using anchor investors have been matched with those that are not. The data is then primarily handled descriptively, but also through regressions as support. Theoretical perspectives The theoretical perspective is based on fundamental theories regarding initial public offerings, focusing on underpricing and its connection to information asymmetry. Empirical studies regarding anchor investors, return and volatility are also used as a basis for the analysis. Empirical foundation The data consists of 66 initial public offerings, whereof 24 used anchor investors. The initial public offerings were listed at Nasdaq OMX Stockholm and First North between 2015/01-2016/03. The data was collected through the prospectuses of each IPO, and Nasdaq OMX Nordics official website. Conclusions The tentative results indicate that using anchor investors leads to higher overpricing (which can be viewed as a lower underpricing), higher returns and a lower volatility during the first month of trading. Statistical significance is reached for the variables volatility and returns for the first month. Definitioner och centrala begrepp Börsintroduktion Processen då ett företag noteras på börsen (Berk & DeMarzo, 2014). Ankarinvesterare Ankarinvesterare är större investerare som inför en börsintroduktion förbinder sig att teckna en viss mängd aktier i utbyte mot en garanterad tilldelning (Chee Keong, 2009). Underprissättning Underprissättning är när priset i slutet av första dagen överstiger priset i början av dagen vid en börsintroduktion (Berk & DeMarzo, 2014). Volatilitet Volatilitet visar hur mycket en aktie svänger eller varierar i pris och är en vanlig metod för att mäta marknadsrisk (Berk & DeMarzo, 2014).

Investeringsfond inom Vatten och Avlopp. Bakgrund och problem: En av de mest grundläggande system som vi använder dagligen är vatten och avloppssystem som brukar förkortas med benämningen VA. Vattenförsörjningen och hanteringen av avlopp faller på kommunen, och de är skyldiga enligt Vattentjänstlagen att förse vattentjänster till kommunalinvånarna. Det ökade investeringsbehovet för reinvesteringar och ny-investeringar inom VA-verksamheten kommer med komplexitet speciellt när hela VA-fond fenomenet är nytt för kommunerna och man inte riktigt fått stark förståelse för det i praktiken. Det har resulterat i misstolkningar i regelverket för VA-fond och att använda VA-fond som finansieringsalternativ för att täcka dessa investeringsbehov. Det har lett till att fler rättsfall har uppstått där VA-kollektivet och huvudmännen har fått klargöra sig inför rätten. Syfte: Syftet med undersökningen är att se hur den rådande praxis ser ut hos dem utvalda huvudmän samt hur deras redovisningsval väl avspeglar Vattentjänstlagen och dess föreskrifter. Avgränsningar: Vi har undersökt 60 kommuner och fastställde 10 utvalda kommuner med Va-fond. Syftet med avgränsningen är att vi vill besvara vår forskningsfråga samt följdfrågan till vår forskningsfråga på ett mer väl och djupgående sätt. Metod: Vi har fastställt 10 av 60 slumpvalda kommuner som har VA-fond och tolkat deras finansiella rapporter, därefter har vi genomfört intervjuer med flertal förespråkare inom VAverksamhet och dess regleringar för insamling av primärdata som kommer ligga till grund för vår empiri samt sekundärdata i form av rättsfall. Empiriskt resultat & Slutsatser: De insamlade empiriska data med koppling till teorin konstaterar att det förekommer ett tydligt redovisningsval av överskott. Avsättnings praxis till investeringsfond i studien är att överskott direkt återförs till VA-fond. Vid redovisande av överskott förekommer det tydlig redovisningspraxis vilket är att bokföra överskottet som kortfristig skuld i balansräkningen. Men vid återföring av den förekommer det en variation där en del huvudmän tar bestämt belopp från överskott årligen såsom Lidköpings kommun och andra huvudmän som tar bestämt belopp (VA-Uppsala) enbart från de ackumulerade överskott. Det finns huvudmän som har kombinerat både och det är bland annat VA-huvudman Mölndal. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ett förslag till vidare studier är att granska flertal VAhuvudmän djupgående i form av intervjuer med flertal redovisningsansvarig som har infört investeringsfond och hur de har hanterat tolkning av vattentjänst lagens 30 § och dess förarbeten.

There has been an increase in the amount and complexity of traffic on Dutch inland waterways. Traffic management shifted from local traffic control to corridor traffic management. Due to these changes, operators in nautical traffic management centers experience difficulty to gain and maintain sufficient situation awareness. In our previous research, three groups of deficiencies of current situation awareness support have been identified. To overcome these deficiencies, a theoretical framework for information engineering user interface concepts was developed and used for designing three interface concepts. A coherent, an integrated and a context-dependent adaptable user interface were designed and implemented as testable prototypes. To support the process of information engineering, we combined user-centered design techniques with the formalism of set theory, directed graphs and semantic networks. From a methodological point of view, these proved to be useful both in conceptualization and implementation of the concepts. The usability of these concepts was tested in a simulator environment. The results show that the implemented prototypes represent an important improvement compared to the traditional interface solutions currently used by nautical traffic management operators. However, it was recognized that the coherent user interface implementation still suffered from a number of deficiencies. The context-dependent adaptable user interface was evaluated most positively.

There has been an increase in the amount and complexity of traffic on Dutch inland waterways. Traffic management shifted from local traffic control to corridor traffic management. Due to these changes, operators in nautical traffic management centers experience difficulty to gain and maintain sufficient situation awareness. In our previous research, three groups of deficiencies of current situation awareness support have been identified. To overcome these deficiencies, a theoretical framework for information engineering user interface concepts was developed and used for designing three interface concepts. A coherent, an integrated and a context-dependent adaptable user interface were designed and implemented as testable prototypes. To support the process of information engineering, we combined user-centered design techniques with the formalism of set theory, directed graphs and semantic networks. From a methodological point of view, these proved to be useful both in conceptualization and implementation of the concepts. The usability of these concepts was tested in a simulator environment. The results show that the implemented prototypes represent an important improvement compared to the traditional interface solutions currently used by nautical traffic management operators. However, it was recognized that the coherent user interface implementation still suffered from a number of deficiencies. The context-dependent adaptable user interface was evaluated most positively.

Artificial emotions of different varieties have been used for controlling behavior, e.g. in cognitive architectures and reinforcement learning models. We propose to use artificial emotions for a different purpose: controlling concept development. Dynamic networks with mechanisms for adding and removing nodes are more flexible than networks with a fixed topology, but if memories are added whenever a new situation arises, then these networks will soon grow out of proportion. Therefore there is a need for striking a balance that ideally ensures that only the most useful memories will be formed and preserved in the long run. Humans have a tendency to form and preserve memories of situations that are repeated frequently or experienced as emotionally intense (strongly positive or strongly negative), while removing memories that do not meet these criteria. In this paper we present a simple network model with artificial emotions that imitates these mechanisms.

Titel: Delningen av Electrolux-Husqvarna på egna ben Bakgrund och problem: Den 15 februari 2005 fattar styrelsen för Electrolux ett beslut om att avknoppa hela sitt utomhusproduktområde. Beslutet kommer efter larm från analytiker om en undervärderad aktie, samt ett ökande tryck från storägare om att komma med en långsiktig lösning på problemet. I och med avknoppningsbeslutet uppstår flera frågor. Vilka är de bakomliggande faktorerna till avknoppningen av Husqvarna från Electrolux-koncernen? Vilka blir effekterna av avknoppningen, och hur kommer kapitalstrukturen att se ut i de uppdelade koncernerna? Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera den del av Electrolux som kommer att utgöra den nya Husqvarna-koncernen, samt att illustrera tänkbara alternativ av hur avknoppningen från Electrolux-koncernen kan komma att se ut. Samtidigt försöker vi förstå de motiv som ligger till grund för avknoppningen och vilka effekter denna kommer att få främst för Husqvarna men även för Electrolux. Avgränsningar: Vi har valt att avgränsa uppsatsen till att fokusera på Electrolux utomhusproduktområde som vid avknoppningen år 2006 kommer att utgöra den nya koncernen Husqvarna. Företagsanalysen av Husqvarna har avgränsats tidsmässigt till att innefatta en djupare analys av företaget från år 2000 fram till 2004. Metod: Analysen av Electrolux har skett genom applicering av Trekantsmodellen, Fyrkantsmodellen samt Porters Femfaktormodell på information som inhämtats från såväl Electrolux årsrapporter som externa analyser. Alla siffror som analyserats har omräknats till 2004 års penningvärde i syfte att förbättra jämförbarheten. Delningen av Electrolux-Husqvarna på egna ben V 6.3.1 Styrkor 6.3.2 Svagheter 6.3.3 Möjligheter 6.3.4 Hot 7 SLUTDISKUSSION 45 7.1 Slutsats och egna reflektioner 45 7.1.1 Bakomliggande faktorer till avknoppningen 45 7.1.2 Avknoppningens effekter på de uppdelade koncernerna 7.1.3 Tänkbar finansiell struktur efter avknoppningen 7.1.4 Husqvarnas framtidsutsikter 7.2 Förslag till fortsatt forskning KÄLLFÖRTECKNING 47

Denna rapport är resultatet av en studie som har genomförts under vårterminen 2019 som ett kandidatarbete inom Industriell ekonomi på Chalmers tekniska högskola. Arbetet har utförts på institutionen för Teknikens ekonomi och organisation under avdelningen för Entrepreneurship and Strategy och omfattar 15 högskolepoäng. Vi vill börja med att rikta ett hjärtligt tack till vår handledare Anders Isaksson. Hans områdeskunskap, stora engagemang och kontinuerliga återkoppling har varit av största vikt för studiens genomförande. Vi vill också tacka Magnus Gustafsson på Avdelningen för fackspråk och kommunikation. De intresseorganisationer som har hjälpt oss att komma i kontakt med företag förtjänar också ett tack, liksom Nordic Tech List och Nordic 9 som har upplåtit sina databaser. Slutligen riktas ett särskilt tack till samtliga respondenter som tagit sig tid till att delta i studien. Ni har alla bidragit med mycket kunskap och många kloka insikter om ämnet, vilka har varit ovärderliga för studien.

Background. Concept analysis has identified three domains in the competent use of birth technology - interpersonal skills, professional knowledge and clinical proficiency - and tentative criteria for birth technology competence. Aim. Fieldwork was undertaken to observe, confirm and explore pre-defined attributes of birth technology competence. Method. The Swartz-Barcott and Kim (2000) hybrid model of concept development was expanded to include an ethnographic observation of theory in action. Findings. Key attributes of birth technology competence found in 'real-world' midwifery practice were skills in using the machines, decision-making and traditional midwifery skills. Conclusions. The confusion surrounding the use of technology in midwifery practice needs to be addressed by both professionals and educationalists. Midwives should be taught to value traditional midwifery skills alongside those of machine skills. The identification of a model of appropriate technology use is ...

The Effects of Positive Examiner Verbal Comments and Token Reinforcement on the CTONI-2 Performance of Early Elementary School Children Laura Cimini Seventy-two children were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions (i.e., verbal praise, token reinforcement, and standard administration groups) to study the effects of different incentive conditions on the CTONI-2 performance of 6-7 year old children. The participants in the token reinforcement condition were rewarded with tokens that were exchanged for reinforcers for providing CTONI-2 responses. The participants in the other conditions were verbally praised for their effort or received neutral comments following the same schedule. Mean scores for each group on the CTONI-2 Pictorial Scale, Geometric Scale, and Full Scale composite scores were compared using MANOVA and ANOVA procedures, respectively, and no significant differences were observed. The results were generally inconsistent with the literature that supports the hypothesis that young children perform better on an individually administered nonverbal intelligence test when given token reinforcement and/or verbal praise in comparison to groups who receive standard administration. However, analyses revealed potential interactions among demographic and condition variables that may inform future directions in the research of standardized testing.

This paper examines young children's concept of nature, paying attention to the role played by types of daily experience with nature on 832 children's constructions of the natural world. We observed the roles of three types of experiences, as determined by the children's place of residence (urban, rural mountain range and rural agricultural). Participants wrote what they thought about when hearing the word 'nature'. Content analysis revealed an overarching two-level conceptual structure formed with four underlying and interconnected themes. Level 1 includes the first theme, (1) Natural and Non-natural Elements and the second integrates the other three (2) the Human-Nature Relationship, (3) Emotional Experience of Nature and (4) Actions in Natural Settings. The type of daily experience with nature accounted for variability in children's concept of nature. These results reinforce the importance of considering the role played by personal and situational characteristics in shaping children's constructions of the natural world.

Sammanfattning Uppsatsens titel Konkursföretags hantering av Earnings Managementmättning via discretionary accruals, och med hänsyn till revisionsberättelse. Seminariedatum 2009-06-03 Ämne/kurs BUSM36, Magisteruppsats i Corporate and Financial Manegement, 15 högskolepoäng (15 ECTS) Författare Waqqas Ahmed och Ilyas Ersoy Handledare Göran Anderson Fem nyckelord Earnings management, konkursföretag, revisionsberättelse, Dicretionary accruals (DCA, DLA), T-test (medelvärde). Syfte Att undersöka hur svenska konkursföretag hanterar EM; 1. Om konkursföretag med ren revisionsberättelse har tendens att skifta resultat uppåt åren innan konkurs, än jämförbara friska företag. 2. Om konkursföretag med oren revisionsberättelse har tendens att ha konservativ beteende (nedjusterar resultat) åren innan konkurs, än jämförbara friska företag, år 0,-1,-2. Metod Kvantitativ metodval har använts för datainsamling och för att utföra regressioner. Uppsatsen har en deduktiv ansats. Teori Undersökningen grundar sig i tidigare forskning på earnings management samt konkursföretags hantering av earnings management med hänsyn till revisionsberättelser.

El presente articulo se origina en la situacion problema tica que plantea la lectura y el aprendizaje disciplinar a  partir de los denominados textos teoricos en el primer ciclo de la formacion universitaria. Nuestro proposito es exponer algunas conclusiones, elaboradas en el marco del  Interaccionismo Social de Vigotski (1977, 1988), a partir  de los resultados de una prueba realizada con ingresantes a la Licenciatura en Ciencias de la Educacion de la  Universidad Nacional de Lujan, con la finalidad de indagar el nivel de comprension que tienen estos alumnos del  material que deben leer cuando comienzan sus estudios  superiores. Asi, en primer lugar expondremos algunos  aspectos metodologicos de la prueba mencionada, para  luego presentar las ideas cierre anunciadas, referidas al nivel de comprension alcanzado por los participantes. Para finalizar nos detendremos en algunas reflexiones  acerca de las posibles consecuencias que podria tener  este nivel de comprension sobre la practi...

Syftet med denna studie är att studera fenomenen underprissättning samt underprestation bland börsintroduktioner på svenska marknaden under perioden 2005-2016. Metod: Deduktiv ansats med kvantitativ data. Utifrån variabler kopplade till teorier genomfördes regressionsanalys samt hypotestester för att avgöra signifikans och förklaringsgrad Teoretiska perspektiv: Teorier inom underprissättning och långsiktig underprestation. Huvudsakligen teorier från Jay R. Ritter som är oerhört inflytelserik inom området men även från andra framstående forskare. Flertalet jämförelsestudier bl.a från den svenska marknaden av Fredrik Ljungqvist.

This article explores how to design for product longevity. The design approach Contexts of Experience (COE) makes the basis for this interdisciplinary study which combines research on consumer-product attachment (CPA) and related psychological mechanisms, design and design practice. The conceptual design approach COE was explored through a case study with student projects on master's level in product design and interviews. One specific project namely the "Spa radiator" that to a great extent infused various experiences as part of the product made the main subject for this study. Through the case analysis done by concept mapping, five different Levels of Activation (LoA) were disclosed: cognitive, motional, relational, perceptive and imaginative. The activation dimension identified is argued to have emerged primarily through the process of making experiences for different contexts of use and the awareness of psychological mechanisms, facilitated by the COE approach. The COE approach seems therefore to contribute to the making of products that facilitate the modelling of memories and associations through user activation. As these emotions and thoughts are potentially tied up to the product it seems essential to create functions that elicit different levels of activation in order to design for product longevity and hence the environment. Memories can furthermore contribute to the commercial value of products since the experiences they elicit are closely tied to brand value. The LoA is therefore suggested as an analytical and creative tool in order to evaluate the ability of a design concept to stimulate CPA, in addition to the COE approach.

This study tests two financial valuation models empirically by valuing three stocks from three industries, with the purpose of studying how well valuation models work empirically and to make a forecast. The models which will be tested are residual income valuation and discounted cash flow. Nine stocks will be picked strategically from the Swedish stock market and additional analysis will follow in the analysis chapter.

An exploratory study was conducted to investigate firstly, the contextual problems first-year university students experienced at their respective schools and secondly, the subject related-problems that they could be bringing to science classes and which could later affect their understanding of science concepts. The study is grounded in constructivism. A questionnaire was administered to all the 2007 First-year B.Ed (FET) Natural Science students at the Central University of Technology, Free State. The contextual problems identified by respondents included school, educator, examiner and student-related problems. Subject specific problem areas were identified in biology, chemistry and physics. The paper also reports on the preliminary results of some teaching interventions implemented in the three subjects. A Force Concept Inventory (FCI) test was administered to the physics students, and a concept test for chemistry group. Concept mapping as a teaching and learning strategy has been...

Background. No standard definition exists for the concept "persistent pain self-management" or how it should be defined in relation to older adults. Poorly defined concepts can result in misunderstandings in the clinical setting and can hinder research through difficulties identifying or measuring the concept. Objective. To ascertain attributes, referents, antecedents, and consequences of the concept older adults' persistent pain self-management and develop a theoretical definition. Design. Rodgers evolutionary model of concept analysis was used to systematically analyze articles from the academic and grey literature (N = 45). Data were extracted using standardized extraction forms and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings. This concept was discussed in three ways: as an intervention, in reference to everyday behaviors, and as an outcome. Five defining attributes were identified: multidimensional process, personal development, active individuals, symptom response, and symptom control. Patients' perceived need and ability to manage pain with support from others is necessary for pain self-management to occur. Numerous physical, psychological, and social health consequences were identified. A theoretical definition is discussed. Conclusions. Our findings have clarified existing use and understanding regarding the concept of older adults' persistent pain self-management. We have identified three areas for future development: refinement of the attributes of this concept within the context of older adults, an exploration of how providers can overcome difficulties supporting older adults' persistent pain self-management, and a clarification of the overall theoretical framework of older adults' persistent pain self-management.

Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Den finansiella marknaden har alltid varit ett föränderligt område och utvecklingen av tekniken på marknaden under det senaste årtiondet har bidragit med innovativa och komplexa verktyg för handel av värdepapper. Det finns dock en problematik kring informationshantering och en svårighet av att analysera en mängd data på kort tid. Algoritmisk handel kan därför vara till en stor fördel för att ta bättre investeringsbeslut. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att studera avkastningen av svenska algoritmiska fonder under en period om tre år, 2019 till 2021, för att sedan jämföra det med den globala aktiemarknadens avkastning. Studien tar reda på om användandet av algoritmisk handel faktiskt genererar högre avkastning än världsindex för aktiemarknaden. Metod: För studien har en kvantitativ metod använts där fondernas och världsindex finansiella data för perioden 2019 till 2021, samlats in, analyseras och sammanställts. För att kunna fullfölja uppsatsens syft...

Objects: This study aimed to evaluate the Executive Function (EF) domains in a group of profoundly deaf children treated with cochlear implant (CI) in comparison to normal hearing (NH) children. The secondary aim was to evaluate the influence exerted by the age at cochlear implant activation on EFs. Materials and Methods: 32 children were enrolled into two groups: group A of 17 CI users with a mean age of 8.78 years and group B of 15 NH subjects with a mean age of 7.99 years (SD + 2.3). All subjects were tested using the following tests: the subtests for working memory of the neuropsychological evaluation battery for the developmental age (Batteria di valutazione neuropsicologica per l’età evolutive), inhibition and control of the impulsive response—CAF, and the tower of London test. Results: No children with CIs scored within the normal range in the tests administered for the evaluation of EF domains. The same scores were significantly lower when compared with scores obtained by NH...

Arbetet behandlar kontrollsystemen hos måltidsindustrin i Ryssland. Det är av intresse för mig eftersom jag ursprungligen kommer från Ryssland och har nu gått igenom en restaurangmanagerutbildning i Sverige. Det är intressant studera hur kontrollsystemet ser ut i ett annat land. Det kan vara intressant för någon som skulle vilja arbeta inom ryska livsmedelsindustrin eller den som intresserad i att genomföra en djupare studie kring ryska kontrollsystem. Arbetet berör organisationer som utför kontrollen inom måltidsindustrin i Ryssland och beskriver dess funktioner och regelverk. Informationen är hämtad genom kvalitativa intervjuer som genomfördes i Ryssland under en vårmånad 2014. Undersökningen visar att respondenterna anser att det finns ett mycket välutvecklat och strukturerat kontrollsystem som över tid har utvecklats självständigt och idag utvecklas vidare i samarbete med internationella organisationer och i enlighet med internationella standarder

This article examines how Community Health Workers (CHWs) build trust with low-income women of color who have a historical distrust of the healthcare system, and are at risk for maternal-child health disparities. This qualitative study used a grounded theory methodology guided by Charmaz's inductive social constructivist approach. Data were collected using openended semi-structured interviews and focus groups with CHWs who worked in community-based and hospital-based programs in California, Oregon, Illinois, Texas, South Carolina, New York, and Maine. Thirty-two CHWs participated, with 95% of participants being of Latinx and African American ethnicity. They served women from Latinx, African American, and Migrant communities. The CHW communication strategies represent aspects of respect and client-centered care and are applied in the development of a theoretical framework. CHWs were able to build and sustain trust at the initial encounter through these specific strategies: 1) addressing immediate needs related to social determinants of health; 2) embodying mannerisms and dress; 3) speaking appropriately to the client's age, culture, and knowledge; 4) easing client's fears through locus of control, and 5) allowing for time flexibility. These findings have implications for practice through interventions to train healthcare providers to build trust with low-income women of color who have a historical distrust of the healthcare system and who are at risk for maternal-child health disparities. Future research is recommended to explore how the communication trust-building constructs also benefit all other groups at similar risk, including those with mental health disorders and infectious diseases. The findings indicate specific communication strategies through which trust can be built, beginning at the initial encounter with lowincome women at risk for maternal-child health disparities and who have a historical distrust of the healthcare system.

hospitalaria según la NOM-034-SSA3-2013". Participación en la investigación e intervención en el proyecto PAPIIT y "NUTRIRME ES PAN COMIDO". Son cosas chiquitas. No acaban con la pobreza, no nos sacan del subdesarrollo, no socializan los medios de producción y de cambio, no expropian las cuevas de Alí Babá. Pero quizá desencadenen la alegría de hacer, y la traduzcan en actos. Y al fin y al cabo, actuar sobre la realidad y cambiarla, aunque sea un poquito, es la única manera de probar que la realidad es transformable.

This article reports the results of a multiple case study that sought to understand how textile design students engaged in Digital Reflective Practice (DRP) and how such engagement related to creativity. Theoretically informed by symbolic interactionism and constructivism, the study incorporated the views of textile design teachers, heads of departments and students in four different higher education institutions in Pakistan. The findings suggest that the use of digital tools for reflection in textile design studio courses can enhance students' creativity, selfconsciousness or awareness, and understanding of tasks and concept development. The creative process also entailed new possibilities of expression, presentation and meaning making by revisiting their work.