Community Safety

Legislation: Antisocial Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 (c.12) *P.L. 343 Since the mid-1990s antisocial behaviour (ASB)-and responses thereto-have played a prominent role in both political discourse and the criminal justice system. Amidst significant focus on problems associated with ASB, there emerged a shift in governmental policies towards risk management and preventive-led interventions. 1 Not only was this shift aimed at providing a means of early intervention, it also had the objective of moving towards a more victim-oriented approach. 2 The criminal justice system had previously been accused of "safeguarding the rights of the accused" at the expense of paying sufficient attention to the harm suffered by victims and their needs, 3 hence the need for a more balanced approach. The cornerstone of the response to ASB was the antisocial behaviour order (ASBO), which was introduced under the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (the 1998 Act). 4 The enactment of the Antisocial Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 (the 2014 Act) sought to revolutionise the law on ASB by providing a more effective and flexible legal framework to local communities. 5 To this end, a raft of new measures was introduced. Some of these new measures, such as the Part 1 injunction, repealed and replaced pre-existing instruments, such as the ASBO, whereas others, such as the community trigger, 6 are completely new. This article offers new insights into the ASB regime by focusing on key developments under the 2014 Act. The article is structured in three parts. It begins by providing a critical analysis of the pre-2014 legal framework on ASB and the main challenges posed by it. Secondly, it offers a critical evaluation of the 2014 *P.L. 344 amendments focusing specifically on: i) the extended definition of ASB; ii) the repeal and replacement of both the ASBO and the post-conviction ASBO (CrASBO) by the injunction and the criminal behaviour order (CBO) respectively; and iii) the introduction of positive obligations. Thirdly, the article presents findings of an empirical study conducted with local enforcement agents focusing on the impact that the abovementioned developments have had on the daily administration of ASB at a local level. 7 Although there is extensive empirical research on the pre-2014 ASB framework, 8 this article delivers the first empirical data (that the author is aware of) on the implementation of the 2014 amendments. The findings of this study militate against some of the concerns raised about the potential misuse of the ASB legislation, e.g. the possibility of extending the scope of the law to purely innocent behaviour. This is due to a number of factors, such as the limited availability of resources and the presence of a review procedure. The findings of this study, however, should be approached with caution since the implementation of the ASB measures can vary considerably across England and Wales. The possibility, therefore, of using these measures in an arbitrary manner cannot be dismissed. This article argues that the findings of this study could assist in the formulation of a new code of practice for local enforcement agents through which the misuse of the ASB legislation can be prevented whilst ensuring a more coherent implementation of the relevant tools and powers. The initial response to antisocial behaviour As a line of high profile cases, such as that of Fiona Pilkington suggests, 9 ASB can range from everyday incivilities, such as noisy neighbours, to behaviour already proscribed by the criminal law, such as criminal damage, and can have a devastating effect on people's quality of life. 10 Certain kinds of ASB, especially those situated at the lower end of the spectrum, can be dismissed as too trivial to Page1

W artykule skoncentrowano się na kategorii społeczności lokalnej, a konkretnie na zrównoważonej społeczności lokalnej (ang. sustainable community), pojęciu, które jest popularne zwłaszcza w państwach anglosaskich. Przedstawiono formy współpracy władz z lokalną społecznością w celu poprawy bezpieczeństwa, znajdujące swój wyraz np. w realizacji koncepcji community policing. Badano, w jaki sposób ewoluuje obecnie lokalna społeczność, przywołując kategorię zrównoważonej społeczności lokalnej. Artykuł kończy podsumowanie, zawierające wnioski płynące z przeprowadzonych badań.

Sustainable Communities and Their Safety: Experience of the Anglo-Saxon Countries

The article focuses on the category of the community and sustainable community, the concept that is well-known in the Anglo-Saxon countries. The author has explored forms of cooperation of the community with the local authorities aimed at improving safety such as community policing. The author has elaborated how communities are evolving reaching the category of sustainable communities. The article concludes with a summary containing the final conclusions.

This study examined the association between two characteristics of school climate (sense of community and teacher support, measured both at the individual and at the school level) and students' feelings of being unsafe at school. The study involved a sample of 49,638 students aged 10-18 years who participated in the 2010-2012 California Healthy Kids Survey. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), our findings revealed that, at the individual level, students perceiving higher levels of sense of community and teacher support at school were less likely to feel unsafe within the school environment. At the school level, sense of community was negatively associated with unsafe feelings, whereas there was no association between school-level teacher support and feelings of being unsafe at school.

This dissertation examines the struggles around community safety and the circulation of these struggles as part of a larger battle for autonomy by demilitarizing our communities and establishing radical democratic spaces of community renewal. Community safety challenges the epistemological foundations on which the policing power rests by making observable the multifaceted resistances to state practices and discursive formations of “security” that support capital accumulation, expropriation, and a variety of interconnected enclosures. This includes the articulation of racial regimes through violence as a strategy of composition and decomposition aimed at disaggregating working class power that advances what W.E.B. Dubois theorizes as the “white working class bargain.” By focusing on the “social factory” this dissertation will make visible the impact of a low intensity war directed at women, the household, and the community. In addition, this work will chronicle policing strategies and practices in the current conjuncture as a low intensity war that draws on earlier repressive and disciplinary forms of an ongoing colonial occupation working in conjunction with forms of biopower. Reading a proliferation of local struggles and selforganized activities through the state and capital's “prose of counter insurgency” allows for a research approach that takes seriously the community and the activities of women and families targeted by violence as a key site of struggle. Using a convivial research method that approaches these spaces as critical sites for the co-generation of knowledge, this work engages a series of interconnected struggles across the San Francisco Bay Area. These are struggles that seek to demilitarize targeted micro-regions and that at the same time exhibit a strategic set of investments organized around a “politics of care.” As grassroots oppositions, they challenge the racialized systems of violence
organized through the prison industrial complex and its growing reliance on militarized policing. I argue that the convivial space of community regeneration survives against the onslaught of America's investment in “democratic despotism” by reclaiming the social relations vital to community regeneration in order to provoke new understandings of resistance, autonomy and movement building both against and beyond the state.

Problems: It is important that nurses are aware of the importance of correct
communication, so it is fundamental to understand the implications that poor
communication can bring to their care delivery.
Rationale: Thus, this study becomes pertinent due the need to invest in the search for
current scientific evidence, for such an important and characteristic moment of nursing,
the shift change.
Objectives: This document intends to identify the benefits of a correct transmission of
information in the handover, for the nurse and, fundamentally for the patient.
Methodology: It was carried out an Integrative Literature Review (RIL), a research was
done on the online platforms B-on, Medline and RCAAP. When analyzing the literature,
we intend to answer the research question: What information should the nurse transmit
during the handover, taking into account the patient's self-care deficit in the different
human needs? "
In order to select the relevant articles, we used inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a total
of 5 scientific articles were obtained, which were later submitted to an analysis using the
P [I] [C] OD method.
Results: After analyzing the articles, the literature shows that the moment of the shift is
sometimes undervalued by nurses, and it has been verified that there is a wide range of
literature that advocates the importance of an assertive and effective communication for
reduction of error in clinical context. It has been observed that there are many barriers to
a correct transmission of information in the handover, as well as, which strategies the
nurses put in order for this moment to occur correctly, in order to minimize the error.
Having these skills can lead to less fatigue, increased productivity, effective time
management and improved quality in caring.
Conclusions: the shift is undoubtedly a fundamental moment for a guarantee of continuity
of care. Therefore, it becomes fundamental that an assertive and standardized
communication occurs, minimizing possible failures in the transmission of information,
so that the information the incoming nurse, can continue the care that the patient needs.
In this way it can lead to an increase of productivity, effective management of the time
and the improvement in quality of the care. It is necessary to realize that not all the
information produced by the nurses in the shift is relevant to the care guarantee, so it is
up to each nurse to define and find strategies so that at the moment of handover, the nurse
receiving the shift, can conceive, immediately, a care plan, as well as set priorities in
nursing care. The SBAR model is a protocol that has been introduced to manage the
information to be transmitted in handover and that have obtained excellent results, so it
was concluded that this methodology of transmission was the one that best suits the
theoretical assumptions of the continuity of nursing care.
Keywords: handover, shift change, health communication, continuity of care, patient
safety.

The Police Foundation is an independent think tank focused on developing knowledge and understanding of policing and challenging the police service and the government to improve policing for the benefit of the public. The Police Foundation acts as a bridge between the public, the police and the government, while being owned by none of them.

So far, several fascinating and fancy stuff have been imagined by humans. Not all imaginations are bound to happen and could be experienced. However, the current pandemic (COVID-19) seems, and now is set to surpass beyond what a human brain could have imagined. A deep socio-economic scar is in the process of being created and nobody yet knows how deep this wound is going to penetrate. At this juncture, we have congregated to produce a book entitled “Dissecting the COVID-19 Pandemic”,  through the facades of global socio-economic impact.
It is our pleasure to try to compile what we have seen and hence present the factual accounts to the people post February 2020, and for the days to come. It is a history unfolding, an array of events in front of the human kind. Our effort in witnessing, reviewing, compiling, and binding is definitely going to be a memorabilia of the time it has witnessed. It is said that “seeing is believing”, and here, the authors have factually seen and have by now certainly believed that COVID-19 is not just a simple flu. The pandemic crises of COVID-19 has shaken the world, and its impact is multidimensional and has adversely influenced many aspects of human life. Globally, over 22 million people were infected, and over 4.5 million have died in 215 countries, when this book was in the press. The eight chapters of this book cover various facades of the coronavirus crises, plus their impact globally and particularly in Nepal. The information is relevant to many developing countries.
The chapters are written by science scholars,  engineers, media
analysts, development experts, and scientists in allied disciplines in Australia and Nepal. The contributing authors have both knowledge and experiences of Nepal and overseas in the subject matter and have provided evidence-based information. Our publication efforts and contribution to Nepal and Nepali diaspora deserve special mention. We hope this book will generate enough interest and stimulate significant discourses among scholars,  policymakers, and the community at large to advocate for an inclusive health, disaster risk reduction (DRR), diplomacy and migration policy to overcome future pandemic challenges.
Finally, we acknowledge the support of NRNA-Australia, Nepal
Science Foundation Trust-SK & TT Department, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Embassy of Nepal-Canberra, Federation of Nepalese Community Associations of Australia (FeNCAA),  Australasian Nepalese Medical and Dental Association-Australia (ANMDA), and Aawaran publication for their support to bring out this book.

Nowadays, most of people are faced with stress and like to keep calm, especially in their leisure time. So, community center plays an important role as the hub of community development. Nevertheless, the Malaysian community center is not being used effectively and these faces with lack of participation. The present paper is a review article aiming to present the important aspect for increasing participation in the Malaysian community center. The research is roughly divided into three phases that includes the development and assessment of: physical factors, functional factors and perceptual factors. This study tries to propose a design framework for the successful community center that enhance participation and integration in Malaysia.

This paper addresses the question: What is at stake in
reframing ‘social problems’ as problems of feeling? In the
Northern Territory, the political discourse on ‘social
problems’, such as the prevalence of criminal offences
involving alcohol, is commonplace in representations of
Aboriginal Australia. This political discourse problematises
Indigenous, alcohol-related crime, by measuring the
success or failure of state sponsored intervention. This
paper argues that this discourse fundamentally
misrepresents the ‘social problem’ of the Aboriginal
consumption of alcohol because it averts the existence of
feelings. Further, I claim that the aversion of (and to)
feeling is embedded in the politics of race in the
Australian imaginary. In order to understand how the
discourse on ‘social problems’ functions, I draw attention
to what I call the ‘institutionalisation of feeling’ and the
‘racialisation of feeling’. Drawing on examples from
policy, political talk, and academic representation, I
endeavour to show how the institutionalisation and
racialisation of feeling are interconnected processes that
colour multiple aspects of Aboriginal contact with the law.
I therefore contend that what is at stake in reframing
‘social problems’ as problems of feeling is the capacity to
critically analyse the social construction of racist thought.

The doctoral dissertation addresses under-reporting of homophobic violence and examines the various barriers that stand in the way of disclosing incidents to the police. The study employs a mixed method approach and draws on the experiences and perspectives of two groups; gay, lesbian, and bisexual people and members of the police in Slovenia. The main research questions examined attitudes towards homosexuality and experiences with recording and investigation of homophobic incidents among police, explored factors that influence the decision to report homophobic violence, and defined the role of police and LGBT organisations in responding to homophobic incidents. The dissertation also argues that responding to this type of violence cannot and should not only be the responsibility of the police and affected communities, but that effective response should also include agencies skilled in providing effective victim support. With this argument, the study positions homophobic violence and its implications within the domain of social work. The dissertation argues that the theoretical and practical basis of social work as a science and profession is right for professionals to start tackling the issue of homophobic violence and crime, to engage in discourse of hate crime policy development and to liaise with members of the LGBT community, offering their expertise and knowledge from the field of victim support.

The incidence of crimes against people is on the rise everywhere in the world, which is also true for the cities in Turkey. As the latest trends in crime and violence have affected all countries, urban crime and violence, limiting urban social and economic development, has become a central preoccupation of governments. Thus, all countries strive to ensure safety and security for their citizens and to increase the quality of their lives. One way to ensure safety and security for citizens in cities can be through humane and effective crime prevention. Although central governments have the main responsibility to prevent crimes and provide safe and secure cities for their citizens, local governments have a primary responsibility to foster safe and secure communities in cities. In this context, this article aims to explain the key roles local governments have to play through good governance in making our cities safe and secure for generations to come. With this purpose in this article first, the concepts of crime prevention, community safety and security, and effective crime prevention strategies in terms of urban environment were dealt with. Second, a framework for community safety and security together with the basic elements of the -Local Government Approach‖ to community safety and security were put forward. Then, the role of local governments in enhancing community safety and security was mentioned. Finally, this article seeks to suggest a set of recommendations and strategies for policy and action that can help to reduce urban insecurity and increase safety. It is believed that this article will significantly raise local awareness of the current threats to the safety and security in cities and assist in the identification of appropriate policy responses at the local level. Bu çalışma 02-04 Şubat 2018'de Antalya / Kemer'de düzenlenenen Uluslararası Multidisipliner Akademik Çalışmalar Sempozyumunda bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. 792 Asst. Prof. Mehmet Murat PAYAM / Asst. Prof. Murat SEZİK

This dissertation examines the struggles around community safety and the circulation of these struggles as part of a larger battle for autonomy by demilitarizing our communities and establishing radical democratic spaces of community renewal. Community safety challenges the epistemological foundations on which the policing power rests by making observable the multifaceted resistances to state practices and discursive formations of “security” that support capital accumulation, expropriation, and a variety of interconnected enclosures. This includes the articulation of racial regimes through violence as a strategy of composition and decomposition aimed at disaggregating working class power that advances what W.E.B. Dubois theorizes as the “white working class bargain.” By focusing on the “social factory” this dissertation will make visible the impact of a low intensity war directed at women, the household, and the community. In addition, this work will chronicle policing strategies an...

W artykule skoncentrowano się na problematyce kształtowania bezpiecznych przestrzeni, przedstawiając to zagadnienie z perspektywy realizacji założeń human security, czyli bezpieczeństwa jednostki ludzkiej, inaczej ludzkiego bądź człowieka. Współcześnie trzy główne koncepcje, popularne zwłaszcza w Stanach Zjednoczonych oraz w Wielkiej Brytanii, są kluczowe dla rozwiązań w zakresie kształtowania bezpiecznych przestrzeni. Są to: „przestrzeń obronna”, zapobieganie przestępczości przez projektowanie środowiskowe oraz druga generacja zapobiegania przestępczości przez projektowanie środowiskowe. Beneficjentem bezpieczeństwa przestrzeni zurbanizowanej jest człowiek, ponieważ rozwiązania stosowane w zakresie kształtowania przestrzeni miejskiej mają na celu przede wszystkim ograniczanie bądź eliminację przestępczości zagrażającej jednostkom. Jest to zatem istotna zbieżność z przesłankami human security. Szukając genezy powstania wspomnianych trzech nurtów, zwrócono uwagę na znaczenie czynników społecznych, uwypuklonych zwłaszcza przez Jane Jacobs. Omówiono zainteresowanie problematyką kształtowania przestrzeni miejskich, promującej human security, Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych (ONZ), uwidocznione np. w działalności jednej z agend ONZ – Programu Narodów Zjednoczonych ds. Osiedli Ludzkich (The United Nations Human Settlements Programme – UN-HABITAT).

Objectives: Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service (CFRS) has experienced a strategic shift in their community safety work, this has involved the delivery of a fire safety intervention, the Home Safety Assessment (HSA). The primary objective of this study was to explore the impact of this intervention. The second objective was to investigate the role of self-efficacy in the uptake of fire safe behaviours.
Design: This research was conducted within a wider mixed methods PhD study into the implementation of the HSAs by CFRS. This phase of the research employed a cross-sectional survey design investigating whether individuals changed their behaviour to be more fire safe in their home.
Methods: Participants completed a questionnaire, with questions focussing on the rating of the HSA, behavioural change in response to the advice, and their self-efficacy in continuing with the advice given. 2000 residents from across Cheshire were randomly selected to receive the postal questionnaire, and 311 completed questionnaires were returned.
Results: A majority of the participants agreed that they took steps to make their home safer since the HSA (N=183), they still follow the majority of the advice (N=211), and they regularly test their smoke alarm (N=193). Self-efficacy was positively correlated with taking steps to make their homes safer (r=.495, p=.000), and, still following the advice given during the HSA (r=.523, p=.000).
Conclusions: The study highlights the usefulness of the HSA in promoting fire safety and suggests that those with higher self-efficacy are more likely to continue with fire safe behaviours after the HSA.

Criminology is the study of the relationships between crime and society.  This paper focuses on various aspects of this relationship using criminological theories as a starting point.  The causes of crime and crime rates are highly emotive and value laden topics, and claims made about crime rates and criminal activity reveal contradictions and prejudices. Criminological theories allow us to make sense of facts by making statements about the relationships between observable phenomena.

The Queensland Government has set up a Parliamentary Inquiry into Criminal Activity -

http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/work-of-committees/committees/LACSC/inquiries/current-inquiries/CrimeInquiry2014.

The terms of reference for the inquiry include recommendations on:

Strategies to prevent and reduce criminal activity in Queensland;
   
Measures to curb criminal activity and reduce rates of recidivism; and
 
Making Queensland the safest place to raise a family.

You are required to write a submission to the Inquiry, incorporating your knowledge of the literature relating to the various issues canvassed.

The submission is in the order of 5000 words.

A key challenge for public criminology is the translation between concepts employed in policy discourse and those used by social scientists. Given that concepts constitute social problems and they can have multiple meanings for policy-makers and social scientists, then deliberation about what they signify matters in understanding how these actors can talk to, rather than past, one another in framing policy discourse about crime and revealing alternative policy agendas. This challenge is accentuated in the comparative context of European criminology, which is characterized by competing tendencies to generalize about problems of 'Freedom, Security and Justice' and to recognize the variegated problems and cultures of control across Europe. In this context, the presumption of universality can mistranslate concepts of crime and control by obscuring contextual insight, while the presumption of particularity can inhibit cross-cultural dialogue and deliberation. The paper explores this challenge in relation to the concept of 'urban security', which is prevalent in the policy discourse on social crime prevention, particularly in Central and Southern Europe. To establish the provenance, prevalence and significance of this concept, the paper discusses findings from a policy Delphi that structured deliberation about the meaning of urban security among criminologists sampled from the European Society of Criminology and policy-makers sampled from the European Crime Prevention Network. It concludes with reflections on the value of deliberative methods, such as the policy Delphi, for the cross-cultural validation of criminological constructs in comparative research.

Ballymun, in North Dublin, was the most significant high-rise housing estate project conceived in the Republic of Ireland. It was developed to address a severe housing crisis that erupted in the 1960s, leaving hundreds of families in unsafe living conditions. In an attempt to solve the problem, Dublin Corporation (now Dublin City Council) built one of the largest public housing estates in Europe to accommodate these families. The Ballymun Towers, comprising seven separate buildings, were built between 1966 and 1969. Each building was fifteen stories high, with ninety flats to each tower and six to each floor. When the families first arrived in 1966, they were delighted to have luxuries such as hot running water, central heating, flush toilets and lifts. However, this enthusiasm waned as the area became victim to lack of investment, with poor public amenities and services and increasing unemployment. By the 1980s, Ballymun was experiencing severe social problems with increasing levels of drug dealing and crime. This triggered widespread community mobilisation to address these issues.
The objective of this research was to obtain the views of the residents of the electoral district of Ballymun C - Shangan, Coultry and Whiteacre Crescent (referred to throughout this document as Ballymun), regarding the positive and negatives of living there and to elicit opinions as to what was necessary to improve the quality of life in the locality. It also sought to collect information around people’s perceptions of crime, safety and well-being, and to establish the levels of community involvement among the participants. Ballymun C was chosen because of the high level of general public order problems in this area. This research will serve to support the implementation of the Integrated Offender Management Programme (IOMP), as the Ballymun Local Drugs Task Force intend to monitor the community’s response during the first 24 months of the programme in order to evaluate its effectiveness.

This study examined the association between two characteristics of school climate (sense of community and teacher support, measured both at the individual and at the school level) and students' feelings of being unsafe at school. The study involved a sample of 49,638 students aged 10-18 years who participated in the 2010-2012 California Healthy Kids Survey. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), our findings revealed that, at the individual level, students perceiving higher levels of sense of community and teacher support at school were less likely to feel unsafe within the school environment. At the school level, sense of community was negatively associated with unsafe feelings, whereas there was no association between school-level teacher support and feelings of being unsafe at school.

Campus communities are vulnerable from trustworthy and safety amongst community members in most of Universities in Tanzania. The mobile application technology can be earmarked as an important tool to build safe and trusted communities in Universities considering the fact that the use of Mobile application is increasing amongst students in Universities. This has been real at Mzumbe University and University of Western Cape where they started to develop Mfunzi App and UDUBSit respectively and now working in their campuses. The process has its challenges which may lead to the failure of the project and being perceived as useless concept while it has got a valuable contribution to the community. This research paper assesses the students' motivation, acceptance and engagement in Mfunzi mobile Application deployed at Mzumbe University on 1 st November. The study will also analyse the overview of students into Mfunzi and the concept of Community buildup whether being valid in their context or not. The research paper will further suggest on the ways to improve the processes of deploying campus community mobile applications in Universities.

In recent years, the ideas and methods of Policing have evolved, the issues of crime prevention and community safety are no longer in the hands of the police. Clifford Shearing states that policing is every bodies business (Edge Magazine, 2001). The rise of community policing, the National Crime Prevention Strategy, the establishment of community forums, and the constitutional push for cooperative governance and the realisation that it does not all work as planned – motivated the Civilian Secretariat for Police to write the policy on Community Safety forums.
This paper is divided into four main sections, section one reviews the available literature. The paper will aim to sketch the backdrop from which the policy was created. The paper will start with the assumption that safety is a constitutional right, it will discuss the literature of Community Policing, Polycentric governance and crime as a poly-crisis, and discuss Community forums as a co-operative governance response. The second part will explore the South African policy on Community Safety forums, review the legislative backbone and outline the policy structure. The third section discusses the limitation of the Policy and Community Safety Forums in South Africa and finally the Paper will suggest recommended responses to the shortcomings of the policy.

Crime prevention is everyone's responsibility-law enforcement officers, community members, social groups, businesses and governments who all need to be sensitized about prevention strategies for ensuring community safety. Interpretive paradigm was used within a qualitative research approach. We adopted a descriptive research design. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from all the participants that were purposively chosen. Six crime prevention officers, that were selected using snowball sampling, were individually interviewed. Data were further collected from twenty-eight members of community policing forums in three focus group discussions and six members of the inner council in the fourth focus group discussion. Qualitative thematic analysis was used. The findings revealed that some community policing forum members abused their skills and knowledge to commit crime than fight it. The findings demonstrated that community policing is effective in reducing crime. However, it transpired that the forums faced several challenges such as: lack of airtime to make calls, lack of incentives to motivate members, female members experiencing difficulty at night because they were afraid while others were not released by their partners to go to work. Although the community policing forums enhanced social change towards crime in various communities, there are negative implications for women serving as members of the forums.

This seminar presents the findings from three years of doctoral research. The multidisciplinary research draws on criminology and applied anthropology to develop an intercultural concept of Indigenous community safety. The research fieldwork was undertaken in 2016 and includes 19 semi-structured interviews and 55 questionnaires in a remote Arnhem Land community. This concept of Indigenous community safety: 1) embraces the strength based elements of kinship, dreaming and ceremonies 2) identifies neighbourhood problems which need to be addressed for the community to improve safety and wellbeing 3) develops a solution orientated approach for changing unsafe behaviours.

This seminar aims to engage key government and non-government stakeholders in a dialogue about the practicalities of this community safety model. Findings suggest that neighbourhood problems - including gambling, interpersonal violence, substance misuse and youth delinquency - pose considerable challenges for personal safety. Flow on effects of these neighbourhood problems cause social stress and compromise employment and educational opportunities. The data suggests that strategies for addressing these challenges need to build on Kunwinjku values as the foundation for enabling healthy, respectful relationships. Strength-based solutions are required to engage elders and young people in a process of transgenerational learning according to the practices of Bininj law.

Biography

Simone Georg is currently a PhD scholar at the Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, Australian National University. In the past three years, she has presented at several international and local conferences in the fields of criminology, public policy and Indigenous studies. Prior to undertaking a PhD, Simone worked in various policy roles across the Australian Public Service including in Indigenous Affairs, remote service delivery and housing research.

This report documents how the United Neighbours community-based project began, the processes used, highlights a handful of best practices and provides reflections & recommendations from United Neighbours members (residents, staff and community partners alike). The goal is to share our learning’s with the broader community including other Community Health & Resource Centres, those interested in crime prevention through community development approaches and anyone that takes interest in our project and/or would like more information about “how to” replicate such an initiative at the neighbourhood level.

‘Post-liberal’ and ‘hybrid’ forms of peace sparked hopes that alternative approaches to the hegemony of the Western-centric ‘liberal peace’ were already existent and could be further institutionalized. Thus, the identification and incorporation of the needs, values and ideas of populations and vulnerable groups into post-conflict peace- and statebuilding were thought to make the predominant technocratic and culturally violent liberal framework more sensitive and context-driven. This idea, however, was shown to be grounded in merely cursory empirical research and to downplay the trajectories of governmentality and ideological embeddedness in post-imperial societies. In this chapter, I will show how everyday forms of peace and patterns of post-liberal and hybrid peacebuilding can be embedded in counter-hegemonic projects. While ostensibly expressing a modality of ‘post-liberal’ or ‘hybrid’ peace, the discourses and practices I examine can be seen to instantaneously endorse forms of ‘authoritarian conflict management’, which prioritise order and stability over a more fundamental discussions of post-conflict justice, minority rights and livelihoods. Drawing on biographical and fieldwork observation data as well as relevant literature, I will show how people in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan emphasize the importance of order, harmony and stability and thus end up endorsing the management and containment of conflict rather than its transformation.

A consultation report provided to the Ardjumarllal Aboriginal Corporation  on the preliminary findings of my doctoral research. This report is designed to be a plain English report for community members and practitioners. The report was presented to the Corporation with extensive consultation (i.e. sitting down and having a yarn about 'knowledge sharing').

Legislation: Antisocial Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 (c.12) *P.L. 343 Since the mid-1990s antisocial behaviour (ASB)-and responses thereto-have played a prominent role in both political discourse and the criminal justice system. Amidst significant focus on problems associated with ASB, there emerged a shift in governmental policies towards risk management and preventive-led interventions. 1 Not only was this shift aimed at providing a means of early intervention, it also had the objective of moving towards a more victim-oriented approach. 2 The criminal justice system had previously been accused of "safeguarding the rights of the accused" at the expense of paying sufficient attention to the harm suffered by victims and their needs, 3 hence the need for a more balanced approach. The cornerstone of the response to ASB was the antisocial behaviour order (ASBO), which was introduced under the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (the 1998 Act). 4 The enactment of the Antisocial Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 (the 2014 Act) sought to revolutionise the law on ASB by providing a more effective and flexible legal framework to local communities. 5 To this end, a raft of new measures was introduced. Some of these new measures, such as the Part 1 injunction, repealed and replaced pre-existing instruments, such as the ASBO, whereas others, such as the community trigger, 6 are completely new. This article offers new insights into the ASB regime by focusing on key developments under the 2014 Act. The article is structured in three parts. It begins by providing a critical analysis of the pre-2014 legal framework on ASB and the main challenges posed by it. Secondly, it offers a critical evaluation of the 2014 *P.L. 344 amendments focusing specifically on: i) the extended definition of ASB; ii) the repeal and replacement of both the ASBO and the post-conviction ASBO (CrASBO) by the injunction and the criminal behaviour order (CBO) respectively; and iii) the introduction of positive obligations. Thirdly, the article presents findings of an empirical study conducted with local enforcement agents focusing on the impact that the abovementioned developments have had on the daily administration of ASB at a local level. 7 Although there is extensive empirical research on the pre-2014 ASB framework, 8 this article delivers the first empirical data (that the author is aware of) on the implementation of the 2014 amendments. The findings of this study militate against some of the concerns raised about the potential misuse of the ASB legislation, e.g. the possibility of extending the scope of the law to purely innocent behaviour. This is due to a number of factors, such as the limited availability of resources and the presence of a review procedure. The findings of this study, however, should be approached with caution since the implementation of the ASB measures can vary considerably across England and Wales. The possibility, therefore, of using these measures in an arbitrary manner cannot be dismissed. This article argues that the findings of this study could assist in the formulation of a new code of practice for local enforcement agents through which the misuse of the ASB legislation can be prevented whilst ensuring a more coherent implementation of the relevant tools and powers. The initial response to antisocial behaviour As a line of high profile cases, such as that of Fiona Pilkington suggests, 9 ASB can range from everyday incivilities, such as noisy neighbours, to behaviour already proscribed by the criminal law, such as criminal damage, and can have a devastating effect on people's quality of life. 10 Certain kinds of ASB, especially those situated at the lower end of the spectrum, can be dismissed as too trivial to Page1

As a result of the 7 February 2009 (‘Black Saturday’) bushfires, 173 Victorians perished in Australia’s worst bushfire disaster to date. In the aftermath, attention has been focused largely on these fatalities. We argue that important lessons can also be learned from the experiences of those who did not perish, but lived despite being on the margin of survivability during the extreme conditions. Transcripts of 301 interviews with survivors, conducted by members of the Bushfire CRC Taskforce for the 2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission, were re-examined. It was judged that 33 of those interviewed survived conditions so adverse that they might well have died. It was concluded, tentatively, that the major contributor to “deep survival” by the majority of these interviewees was that they were able to maintain their mental focus on acting in such a way as to maximize their chances of surviving the extreme environment. Analysis of the interview transcripts suggests that in spite of physical distress and the pressing danger of their situation, they: (a) retained control over fear; and (b) maintained their attentional focus on the major threats to life and the implications of these threats for actions.

""In the last few years security has become a major policy concern. The demand for predictability, certainty and control seems endless. Ideals of Liberté, Égalité Fraternité seem to have been replaced by Securité, Securité, Securité. Rights and values that were once taken for granted are now traded-off, in the hope that this will contribute to building safer environments in the era of ‘global terror’ and ‘a world of terror and missiles and madmen.’

Much has been written about this process at the global, geopolitical, post-9/11 level (Graham 2010, Klein 2007, Lyon 2003, Martin & Petro 2006), but the impact of these developments at the local level, as well as the local role in the shaping of these processes is still under-researched. While most of the things that are written about cities in the 21st century mention or expose some of the trends that inform the major shift outlined above, many fail to connect the dots and provide a comprehensive picture of how the local sphere is redefining and asserting its role in a globalised world.

A close look at recent local policies in the light of such global processes reveals a counter-intuitive picture. A picture where the rhetoric about the potential of the urban sphere to foster participation, creativity, social capital and accountability meets a practice of revanchism, exclusion and punitivism (Smith 1996, Bannister and Kearns 2009, Garland 2001). The picture is of a society that preaches respect, but where respect is always a demand for the self, not a practice towards others (Sennett 2003). Cities where deviancy is ‘defined up’ and new local by-laws and police powers increase the sphere of the ‘not allowed’, the dangerous and the anti-social – all in the name of security.

Could our cities be at the forefront of the ‘exclusionary urge’? Could it be that for all the academic talk about the potential of the local government, in terms of representation, responsibility, accountability, etc. ( Jones and Stewart 1983, Wolman 1990), the possibility of new landscapes of justice and security is being eroded in our streets and squares?""

Case study about afterschool programming, university-community partnerships, community violence and perceptions of "urban" neighborhoods. Excerpt from the book: Sociocultural Issues in Physical Education: Case Studies for Teachers (2014). More information on the book can be found at: https://www.amazon.com/Sociocultural-Issues-Physical-Education-Teachers/dp/1475808291 and https://books.google.com/books?id=mgGkBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA28&dq=Sociocultural-Issues-Physical-Education&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid_YHgvcXSAhWGdSYKHQJFDycQ6AEIIzAB#v=onepage&q=Sociocultural-Issues-Physical-Education&f=false

Why is Australia so prone to fires? Have we made things better or worse? Is it possible to live in the Australian bush and be safe from fire?
No other continent on Earth is as susceptible to bushfires, over such a large area, as Australia. Fires are an ongoing part of our history, ecology and culture. Yet, despite repeated disasters across all states throughout the last two centuries, we seem to be no better at surviving bushfires today than we were when fires burnt though the first European settlements. A Future in Flames is a personal journey to find out what we have learnt from the lessons of the past and to understand why, after so many years, people are still dying in bushfires.