Capacity Building and Training

In order to update the available information on the main current and future constraints on wheat production and human capacity development, a survey covering nineteen developing countries, including major wheat producers, was conducted prior to the 2006 International Symposium on Increasing Wheat Yield Potential in Ciudad Obregon, Mexico. The results emphasize the substantial yield losses associated with a number of critical abiotic, biotic and socioeconomic constraints, and indicate their global prevalence. The most important constraints on wheat production are heat (affecting up to 57% of the entire wheat area in surveyed countries), competition with weeds, and diseases (both affecting up to 55% of wheat area). Of the socioeconomic constraints listed and evaluated by respondents, access to mechanization and availability of credit were the most often highlighted. The most-reported infrastructural constraints were insufficient resources for field station operations. When evaluating the importance of research partnerships to achieve national wheat program goals, respondents from all 19 countries assigned the highest importance to partnerships with international agricultural research centers. The most desired outputs from these include development and exchange of germplasm and assistance in capacity building and knowledge sharing. These findings confirm the anticipated constraints and needs over the next 10–20 years and affirm the importance of international agricultural research centers in providing support to address them.

Aims: The overall objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of human capacity building on performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to examine the current human capacity building approaches used by SMEs in Kisumu; and to assess the impact of human capacity building on the performance of SMEs in Kisumu.
Study design: a descriptive survey design was used to undertake the study.
Place and duration of the study: The target population was drawn from the 7012 businesses that are licensed by the Municipal Council of Kisumu of which 80 percent are SME’s (Kisumu Municipal Office, June 2013, 2010).  The study took a period of one month.
Methodology applied: The sample consisted of 320 respondents selected from owners and staff of SMEs in
Kisumu municipality. Primary data was collected from the proprietors/managers of the SMEs with the aid of semi-structured structured questionnaires. Data pertaining to the objectives of the study was analyzed using descriptive statistics, which includes measures of central tendency, measures of variability and measures of frequency among others. In order to determine the relationship between human capacity building and SMEs performance, correlation and regression analyses were undertaken. In addition, bar charts, pie charts and graphs were used. The information was presented and discussed as per the objectives.
Results: Findings of the study show that the main training approaches were used by the SMES include the following: formal training approaches only, on-the job-training approaches only; job-specific training approaches only; a combination of formal training approaches and on-the job-training approaches; and a combination of formal training approaches, on-the job-training approaches and job-specific training approaches.
Conclusions: Based on findings of the study, the following conclusions were made: Research, management, and
policy development of training in the SME sector needs to be more open and flexible in order to address the idiosyncratic nature of SME requirements; research, management and policy instruments of training support will need to interact with, and be responsive to, the subtle distinctions of context that will moderate what is more appropriate, and more likely to be welcomed, in the small business sector; and if training is to be offered to SMEs it should encourage as little time away from the workplace; it should be flexible and inexpensive.
Keywords: Human Capacity Building, performance, small and micro enterprises.

This paper draws on the knowledge management and absorptive capacity theoretical framework to argue that there is a significant knowledge gap between nationals and the expatriate managers, which are important in building local managerial capacity and enhancing organizational performance in the emerging markets. The relationship between expatriates knowledge and capacity building was explored with a moderating factor of willingness to share knowledge and to some degree problems of skills adaptability to local environment. The data show that expatriates population in the study using the 9-box performance-potential grid may not necessarily be superior to all nationals but those expatriate managers with superior technical and managerial competence are essential for local managerial capacity building and development in the emerging markets. The regulatory agencies ability to monitor and ensure that only competent expatriates are employed was discussed.

Benchmarking ini dilaksanakan sebagai rangkaian kurikulum Pendidikan
dan Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Tingkat IV Angkatan XXV Kementerian Agama yang dilaksanakan oleh Balai Diklat Keagamaan Padang. Benchmarking ini mengambil Lokus di Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara tanggal 29 September – 2 Oktober 2015. Tujuan pelaksanaan Benchmarking ini adalah untuk membuka wawasan serta
memberikan pengetahuan bagi kami, para peserta agar memiliki pola pikir yang lebih profesional dalam hal memberikan pelayanan publik.

Governments are developing early warning systems (EWSs) to protect citizens from hazards. However, distrust of authorities hampers disaster prevention. Some literature criticizes EWS as a linear model with a top–down approach whose technological aspects receive more attention than human contributions do. We examine barriers and bridges to promote resilience and vulnerability reduction through an educational project on disaster risk reduction (DRR) and EWSs in São Luiz do Paraitinga, Brazil. We study a DRR learning module at a high school and analyze social representations that emerge from this experience. Student participants developed hands-on research, integrating interdisciplinary science methodologies. They established a Committee for Disasters Prevention and the Protection of Life (Com-VidAção) to promote a social protection network. Through this project, we identify some variations in vulnerability and windows of opportunity to enhance resilience.

When international organizations expand and proliferate, why do they fail to spread more evenly in their policy sphere? To answer this question, this article builds on organizational ecology theory, which was recently introduced into the study of international organizations. However, rather than studying each population separately, as previous studies have done, this article investigates how distinct populations with overlapping niches shape each other's evolution. It argues that when inter‐population competition occurs, the first population to occupy its niche at a high density limits the long‐term development of other populations. This is the case even if emerging populations may temporarily enjoy a higher growth rate. The argument is illustrated by a study of the relations between four populations of technical assistance providers in the field of intellectual property. By doing so, the article brings for the first time inter‐ population relations in the study of international organizations and provides an explanation for the persistent concentration of international organizations in specific areas of the governance space.

Public open spaces offer social, health, environmental and economic benefits to cities and their residents. As planners seek to realize these benefits and respond to human demand, different approaches have emerged; ranging from the opportunistic use of land as it becomes available, to more systematic methods. In Saudi Arabia, the current approach is predominantly opportunistic and purely quantitative, which presents a challenge to the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs (MoMRA) as it seeks to meet the National Transformation Program goal of increasing public open space per capita from 3.4 m 2 to 3.9 m 2. This study set out to identify ways of improving the planning and design of public open spaces in Saudi Arabia, by reviewing 20 open spaces (five each in Taif, Hail, Tabuk, and Abha) and interviewing municipality officers. The findings of this review indicate that MoMRA and the municipalities in Saudi cities need to adopt a system of collaboration to support the implementation of public open spaces, by: 1) introducing qualitative design guidelines in order to reduce dependence on the square meter measure and encourage smart design and location of open spaces within the urban fabric; 2) creating incentives for further connectivity of public spaces at the city-wide level; and, 3) improving the functions of open spaces to match community needs through a more participative approach, including citizen engagement. Responding to these key challenges will require the capacity to be built in both MoMRA and the municipalities, to unblock the expertise that local planners and designers have in the urban transformation of Saudi cities and to ensure that decision-making processes are effective. These changes will benefit from a public open space typology, and a system and network to be implemented country-wide.

Public open spaces offer social, health, environmental and economic benefits to cities and their residents. As planners seek to realize these benefits and respond to human demand, different approaches have emerged; ranging from the opportunistic use of land as it becomes available, to more systematic methods. In Saudi Arabia, the current approach is predominantly opportunistic and purely quantitative, which presents a challenge to the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs (MoMRA) as it seeks to meet the National Transformation Program goal of increasing public open space per capita from 3.4 m 2 to 3.9 m 2. This study set out to identify ways of improving the planning and design of public open spaces in Saudi Arabia, by reviewing 20 open spaces (five each in Taif, Hail, Tabuk, and Abha) and interviewing municipality officers. The findings of this review indicate that MoMRA and the municipalities in Saudi cities need to adopt a system of collaboration to support the implementation of public open spaces, by: 1) introducing qualitative design guidelines in order to reduce dependence on the square meter measure and encourage smart design and location of open spaces within the urban fabric; 2) creating incentives for further connectivity of public spaces at the city-wide level; and, 3) improving the functions of open spaces to match community needs through a more participative approach, including citizen engagement. Responding to these key challenges will require the capacity to be built in both MoMRA and the municipalities, to unblock the expertise that local planners and designers have in the urban transformation of Saudi cities and to ensure that decision-making processes are effective. These changes will benefit from a public open space typology, and a system and network to be implemented country-wide.

Many people have worked for decades to try and decrease health inequalities – unfair and preventable differences in health across different population groups. Yet such inequalities persist. Excellent toolkits for assessing policy impact have already been created but we identified a need for something versatile which could be used in many different situations beyond research and policy, including capacity building and knowledge exchange activities, dissemination, evaluation, etc.

To address this need, the Health Inequalities Assessment Toolkit (HIAT) was developed to help researchers, practitioners and other professionals incorporate efforts to reduce health inequalities into their work.  The HIAT was developed collaboratively by NHS and Local Authority partners, public advisers and staff from Lancaster, Central Lancashire and Liverpool universities as part of the Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care North West Coast (CLAHRC NWC).

We are always keen to include real-life examples of HIAT assessments as these provide lots of ideas for how the tool can be used in different situations. If you use the HIAT please let us know! It can accessed online here: http://hiat.org.uk/

This study aims to explore the transformation of the universities by means of the techno-parks. The university-industry-government partnership, which forces to make changes in the universities and "human capital." It is so clear that the reasons are not only national, but also supranational where innovation and knowledge are taken as drivers of the competitiveness and growth. The transformation in the higher education is seen as the marketization of the universities by means of generating technological knowledge, which is commodified in the global market economy. The effects of the techno-parks are serious on the academic missions of universities, while changing innovation system so that the misssions of universities are redefined. Hence, knowledge as a commodity can be sold in the market and techno-parks and universities have become the headquarters of corporations. The analyses show that universities are not capable of absorbing the increasing demand so that techno-parks open new liberalization in commodification of knowledge. The transformation towards entrepreneurialization has profoundly produced different problems-inequalities, segregation, and social injustices.

Being the first ISP (Information Service provider) to the society role of the librarians has undergoing drastic change. In the Knowledge management era only upgrading the technological skills doesn't help the librarian alone. Soft skills which adds value to the professional library services helps to create visibility. The present paper throws the light on Steps involved in professional development and how LIS professionals can be groomed. Library is a service oriented profession. Providing the effective service is the sole motto of the every librarian. In the present world the role of the librarian has changed drastically in terms of facilitating the information. Added to this changing technology scenario has posed challenges in providing the quality information to the users. The amount of information coming out of print and electronic form is tremendous. In this context it is necessary for librarian to develop and master the skills and techniques of accessing, consolidating and to communicate the relevant information to the users.In the information and knowledge age, specialists in information management are essential. They are needed to provide the competitive edge for the knowledge-based organization by responding to the urgency and critical information needs. Information, both internally and externally produced, is the lifeblood and it is essential for innovation and continuing learning. A successful library involves leadership and diligent management. The management perspective starts with establishing goals and objectives, planning for implementation, determining value and promoting community and stakeholder relationships. Along with the professional competencies one should develop personal competencies which are also a part of core competencies. The personal competencies represent a set of attitudes, skills and values that enable practitioners to work effectively and contribute positively to their organizations, clients and profession. These competences should enable communicators to demonstrate and, to remain flexible and positive in an ever-changing environment. Over a period of time it is believed that the traditional library services were purchase, archive and to act as a gateway. Due to the emerging Technological revolutions and ever changing needs of the users librarians' role has changed from marking and parking of documents to facilitate the information needs of

This paper examines the necessity of strengthening capacity for effective implementation of Economic recovery and growth plan (ERGP) in Nigeria. The paper utilises a desk review of concepts and dimensions of capacity building, strengthening and development. It identifies tangibles and intangibles capacities. Specifically, crucial areas of focus were articulated and specific actions were identified.  We suggest that government should introduce legislation, processes and procedures as well as commitment of funds and materials in conjunction with training, mentoring, coaching, process and system reviews, and the formulation of appropriate laws and regulations  to address the political, attitudinal and value constraints to achieving the goals and targets of the ERGP.

This is an abridged version of the full Health Inequalities Assessment Toolkit (HIAT) for busy professionals so that they can quickly identify and understand the information they need. The HIAT was developed by the NIHR CLAHRC NWC. The toolkit aims to be relevant to applied research, evidence synthesis, knowledge exchange, implementation and evaluation. It includes questions to help you consider the causes of health inequalities and how you could address some of these. The full version can be accessed online, where you can find extra resources such as readings, films, activities and case studies providing more information and examples. Visit the website here: www.hiat.org.uk.

Problem Statement: Transferring technology from university labs to startups at techno-parks is expensive and takes time. Therefore, blended learning has been using to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of technology transfer.
Research Questions: In this study, how the blended learning can significantly affect the technology transfer from the university labs to the startups at the university technology parks is studied.
Purpose of Study: The purpose of this paper is to provide an alternative practice model called blended learning at the technology parks to enhance the effective and efficient technology transfer experiences. Hence, the design, methodology, and approach in technology transfer have changed by empowering the blended learning-online, mobile, and face to face learning.
Research Methods: In this study, 46 participants were randomly selected and randomly placed into a technology transfer group (n=23) and a control group (n=23). The data were collected through intensive interviews and analyzed by using Atlas.ti 7. The learning experiences and outcomes were articulated and compared through pre and post tests, including the control groups.
Findings: The results showed blended learning had increased motivation of the participants. Most (89%) of the participants agreed they could not find time and money even though they needed the intensive know-how in terms of the technology transfer in their field that they could reach from the experts at the university. They learnt additional info to improve their products and services.
Conclusions: The experiences in blended learning could open new perpectives in empowering the startups in technology transfer. The shareholders at the university labs and startups could not find enough time and even money to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the technology transfer. Hence, face to face learning on online and mobile can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the technology transfer.

Key Words: Technology Transfers, Techno-parks, Higher Education

This article shares the learnings of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)'s experience of adapting its sexual violence care training for its staff and missions in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in 2019. It explores some of the implications of MENA operational and sociocultural specificities for MSF's training approach, as well as theoretical and practical aspects of working in sexual violence response in specific settings and addressing contextual structural barriers to survivors' accessing such services. It contributes to sharing knowledge among practitioners about adapting a sexual violence training approach for different contexts.

Methods employed included a scoping review of literature; qualitative data collection via consultations with MENA organisations and interviews with MSF experts and staff working in Yemen, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey and Greece; collaborative content adaptation and issue integration; translation in Arabic and proofreading; testing of training modules in different settings; and feedback integration.

The adaptation work shows the importance of context and suggests that culturally and contextually adapted training bears potential for effectively strengthening staff members' survivor-centered skills and attitudes, as well as technical knowledge and skills in care provision. The revision process shows that the overall approach of the training is constitutive to its effectiveness since the approach to-in addition to the substance of-most core principles and elements bears the potential to make training more acceptable and effective in encouraging staff reflectivity on local existing social and gender norms and their own beliefs and attitudes.

The article concludes that capacity-building efforts alone must not be overestimated in their ability to mobilize change in complex settings but highlights their potential to catalyze change if embedded in institutional longstanding efforts involving operational strategies, political advocacy and organizational culture. The process represents a first step which needs to be further tested, evaluated and continuously fed by MSF practice-based knowledge and dialogue with other organizations around response and training approaches and practices.

Public open spaces offer social, health, environmental and economic benefits to cities and their residents. As planners seek to realize these benefits and respond to human demand, different approaches have emerged; ranging from the opportunistic use of land as it becomes available, to more systematic methods. In Saudi Arabia, the current approach is predominantly opportunistic and purely quantitative, which presents a challenge to the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs (MoMRA) as it seeks to meet the National Transformation Program goal of increasing public open space per capita from 3.4 m 2 to 3.9 m 2. This study set out to identify ways of improving the planning and design of public open spaces in Saudi Arabia, by reviewing 20 open spaces (five each in Taif, Hail, Tabuk, and Abha) and interviewing municipality officers. The findings of this review indicate that MoMRA and the municipalities in Saudi cities need to adopt a system of collaboration to support the implementation of public open spaces, by: 1) introducing qualitative design guidelines in order to reduce dependence on the square meter measure and encourage smart design and location of open spaces within the urban fabric; 2) creating incentives for further connectivity of public spaces at the city-wide level; and, 3) improving the functions of open spaces to match community needs through a more participative approach, including citizen engagement. Responding to these key challenges will require the capacity to be built in both MoMRA and the municipalities, to unblock the expertise that local planners and designers have in the urban transformation of Saudi cities and to ensure that decision-making processes are effective. These changes will benefit from a public open space typology, and a system and network to be implemented country-wide.

This report is an evaluation of the Executive Short Course managed by the Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies “Addressing Sexual Violence in Conflict and Emergency Settings” (‘the Course’) and covers the eight years that the Course has operated since it was first developed in 2014. The Course was designed to provide mid-level and senior humanitarian managers with the knowledge, competencies and skills required to conceive multidisciplinary survivor-centred interventions in the field of sexual violence response and prevention, adapted to specific contexts and as an integral part of humanitarian operations.

An extreme environment poses challenges, and forces one to implement solutions that require
mixing state-of-the-art techniques with local knowledge and resources, to achieve results that
are appropriate, effective, and sustainable in the long term. This is the case at Dangeil, Sudan,
site of a first-century CE Kushite temple and cemeteries. Archaeological excavation and
conservation were initiated in 2000 by the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums
(NCAM), Sudan, in cooperation with the British Museum. This paper presents the
methodological approach applied at Dangeil as an example of effective sustainable
conservation. Key aspects have been sourcing and use of local materials, a capacity-building
programme and knowledge diffusion through the local community. A robust social and
economic relationship with the community has provided the support crucial to ensure the
success of the project thus far, and its long-term sustainability. Following the construction of
a protective site shelter, on-going work aims to open an interpretation centre on-site and a
museum in a nearby town, where finds from excavations (including a well-preserved Kushite
wall painting, detached in 2018) will be displayed. Given the isolation of Sudan and
remoteness of Dangeil, ‘going local’ has been both a necessity and a virtue. Co-operation
between the international missions, the NCAM and local communities will further increase
protection for this endangered heritage.

La simplificación administrativa es un objetivo y una práctica constante de la gestión pública. De ella se ha dicho que es un concepto polisémico (PAREDES MORALES, 2011: A11), en el que conviven elementos de política con una serie de principios (normas). En el Perú, el Derecho ha querido regularla desde hace ya algunos años, imponiéndole primero obligaciones (a través de una ley), y luego objetivos (a través de políticas), encargando su cumplimiento a instituciones como la Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros (a través de la Secretaría de Gestión Pública) y el INDECOPI (a través de su Comisión de Eliminación de Barreras Burocráticas). En este trabajo sustento que ni la vía legislativa ni la de las políticas han tenido los efectos que la población y las empresas precisan para el normal desarrollo de sus actividades (los primeros) y para la generación de riqueza (los segundos); y que por ello, es necesario acometer un esfuerzo adicional en la formación de los directivos públicos y la capacitación adecuada de los servidores públicos en general.