Byzantine coins

Investigating coins of the Byzantine archetypes from Bakhtak Leilan castle
Leilan is located on the southern side of Malakan city, 160 km from the center of the East Azarbaijan province.
The historic castle of Bakhtak, located in Lilan with over 50 hectares, is one of the largest sites of the Parthian and Sasanian periods in East Azarbaijan province. The discovery of 23 coins of the Byzantine Empire during the reign of the western side of the castle of Bakhtak Leilan has added to the historic significance of this huge enclosure.
The historic castle of Bakhtak has been registered on the 2780 record in the National Iranian Book List, and the first archaeological studies of this place have been performed by Mr. Wolfram Klies.
During the studies to date these coins, it was discovered that these coins belong to Constantine Tenth (1059-1067) and Romans IV the Byzantine emperor Diogenes (1068-1071) (Romans IV was the Cappadocian military nobleman and It was the date of the rule of the Seljuk regime (1194 AD) and the age of wars between the Seljuk and Byzantine states, the famous contemporary battle of the history of multiplying these coins, "the military commander was in the time of Constantine Tenth Ducas." The incident took place in 463 AH / 1071 AD between the Alb Arsalan Sultan Seljuqi and Romanus Diogenes of the Byzantine emperor, and in Hyatt victory of Alp Arslan, it was. " This war is known as the "Malazgerd war" because it was near the Malazgerd area.

The present paper is about ten byzantine coins identified as belonging to a private collection from Bucharest, Romania. The actual pieces are been identified by the author as nine anonymous Folles types dating back X-XI century AD and one a signed follis of Constantine X Doukas reign (1059-1067 AD). The actual finding place of the coins is unknown, generally identified as Constanta Couty, Romania The individual pieces are described in a catalog.

El imperio bizantino 1 , tomado como un ente autárquico del imperio romano de occidente, fue uno de los más longevos de la historia. Duró más de 1000 años transitando toda la Edad Tardoantigua y Edad Media, siendo trascendental para el contexto político y religioso de la Edad Moderna y Contemporánea. Como mencionábamos, siempre que se nombra la Edad Media la referenciamos con la caída del imperio romano, la decadencia del saber, las cruzadas, los caballeros, el feudalismo... No obstante, el imperio romano en realidad no cayó y continuó durante toda la Edad Media gracias al imperio que modernamente llamamos «Bizantino», manteniendo la grandeza de la cultura griega 2 y romana por varios siglos más. Esta porción del imperio romano continuó siendo rica, poderosa, ilustrada y culta, mientras Europa Occidental se encontraba debilitada, dividida, sumida en la ignorancia y la barbarie. Ni Europa, ni América serían como son en la actualidad, si el imperio bizantino no hubiese frenado el avance musulmán a Europa, al menos hasta su caída en 1453 d.C., cuando Europa se encontraba ya fortalecida para defenderse por sí sola. La relevancia histórica del imperio bizantino pudo lograrse, en gran parte, gracias a los cambios generados en sus inicios, entre ellos la «Reforma monetaria de Anastasio» que veremos más adelante.

Théodebert Ier de Metz, roi d’Austrasie de 533/4 à 547/81, rompit avec la tradition centenaire de la monnaie pseudo-impériale en Gaule en devenant le premier roi en Occident à frapper une monnaie d’or à son nom, plutôt qu’à celui de l’empereur byzantin. La plupart de ses légendes monétaires sont extraordinaires par la titulature qu’elles adoptent et les solidi de sa dernière série se trouvent très proches des séries byzantines. Ces caractéristiques, propres au monnayage de Théodebert Ier, font de ses séries en or des groupes séparés du reste de monnaies frappées en Gaule

Arab-Byzantine coinage typically refers to the issues between about AD 650 and 720, when familiar Byzantine designs were copied by the early Muslims before they developed their own. This paper is about a much later “Arab-Byzantine” coin that does not seem to be listed in the most commonly used references on Byzantine or Islamic coins. The coin appears to have been copied by the Muslims around 1100 to 1150, during the age of the First and Second Crusades, a period of instability in the Arab world.

Experts have recently reported false bronze nummi with large reverse monograms of late Roman Imperial and Ostrogothic leaders. The experts include Alain Gennari and other members of Lamoneta.it, but not the present author. He is simply presenting this supplement to his paper “The Ricimer Monogram with Its Mysterious Additional A” and informing readers about the likelihood of spurious pieces thought to be of modern Serbian origin. His previous paper presented two Ricimer pieces, and here he presents two pieces with monograms interpreted as Eraric’s by some sources, but as mere fantasies by others. Some disagreement regarding authenticity appears to remain among some  experts and dealers.

This article tries to determine a potential dating of the so-called Curmsun Disc from a philological perspective. One interpretation of the inscription of the disc is: Harald “Bluetooth” Gormson, king of the Danes, Scania, Jumne in the diocese of Aldinburg. The conclusion of the philological analysis is that the disc most likely is produced before the introduction of the g-rune around year 1000 as Gormson is transliterated as CVRMSVN and not GVRMSVN. Two different transliterations of the word king strengthen this theory. The coin inscriptions of four Hiberno-Norse Kings during the 10th century use the transliterated word CVNVNC for king while the coin inscription of Sihtric around year 1000 uses the transliterated word CVNVNG for king after the introduction of the g-rune. The use of Old Norse like the word Taner on the Curmsun Disc ends in coin inscriptions in the beginning of the 11th century which furthermore strengthens a manufacturing date before year 1000. As Scania was concurred towards the end of Harald Bluetooth´s life the disc was most likely produced after year 980. In the middle of the 980s Sweyn Forkbeard rebelled against his father Harald Bluetooth. A decree from empress Theophanu that confirmed or reinstalled Harald on the throne could have been issued as Harald ought to be preferred over Sweyn in the Holy Roman Empire. Theophanu may have ordered bishop Egizo to manufacture the Curmsun Disc with help from her fellow citizens in Jumne

The David and Rachel Herman Byzantine Coins Collection that comprises over 1800 coins, took approximately half a century to form. There are coins representing more than 17 mints, struck within an enormous time span of almost one thousand years, from the end of AD 5th Century to the 14th Century.
Mr. Herman’s fascination with ancient history and the Late Roman Coinage began during the early 1970s when his career took him to work and live in different countries, including Germany, Greece and Turkey. Recognizing the importance of research in forming a collection, he acquired reference books and catalogues, which were very limited during those years. He started to collect late Roman coins when most people were predominantly interested in the coinages of early city-states or Roman emperors. Beauty is in the hand of the beholder was Mr. Herman’s motto, and his fascination with the beauty of the Late Roman coins led him to a joyful and passionate journey of years of meticulous research, walking through street vendors to coin shops, and finally, following online auctions in recent years. With great patience, he tried to find the coins that would fill in a blank area, and he was always on the lookout for those previously unrecorded coins, which are famously known as miniature libraries of history.
The collection includes gold, silver and bronze coins struck in the name of many Roman emperors and anonymous coins as well as contemporary imitations, over-struck, double-struck, and counter-marked coins. While examples of coins from a considerable number of mints and various coin minting workshops called officina enrich the catalogue, the significant number of previously unpublished coins certainly add to the value of this publication.
Like many collectors, Mr. Herman knew he was only a custodian to the collection, which he brought together with great passion and scholarly approach. His desire to share his coins with the broadest possible audience inspired him to donate the collection to the UBC Museum of Anthropology in 2015.

  Bekircan Tahberer
      Numismatist-Historian
    September 2020

All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Second Edition Cover illustrations: Solidus of Justinian II (enlarged 5:1) ISBN 0-88402-274-9 iii Preface T his publication essentially consists of two parts. The first part is a second edition of Byzantine Coinage, originally published in 1982 as number 4 in the series Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection Publications. Although the format has been slightly changed, the content is fundamentally the same. The numbering of the illustrations,* however, is sometimes different, and the text has been revised and expanded, largely on the advice and with the help of Cécile Morrisson, who has succeeded me at Dumbarton Oaks as advisor for Byzantine numismatics. Additions complementing this section are tables of values at different periods in the empire's history, a list of Byzantine emperors, and a glossary. The second part of the publication reproduces, in an updated and slightly shorter form, a note contributed in 1993 to the International Numismatic Commission as one of a series of articles in the commission's Compte-rendus sketching the histories of the great coin cabinets of the world. Its appearance in such a series explains why it is written in the third person and not in the first. It is a condensation of a much longer unpublished typescript, produced for the Coin Room at Dumbarton Oaks, describing the formation of the collection and its publication. * The coins illustrated are in the Dumbarton Oaks and Whittemore collections and are reproduced actual size unless otherwise indicated. Weights are given in grams.

This paper addresses the circulation of Early Byzantine coins produced between 491 and 641 CE and found in 41 archaeological excavations in Beirut Central District, covering significant parts of the Byzantine city of Berytus. The purpose of the study is to identify the pattern of coin supply throughout this period with a re-examination of previous assumptions. A comparative analysis is established with numismatic data found in neighboring sites in order to highlight common and distinctive patterns of supply at the regional level.

This fifth installment of the SCP project catalogue includes coins of two Wei dynasties in China; the Mahakshatrapa, the Gupta Empire and some successors, the Kidarites, two different Alchon Hun states, and the Pallava, in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan; the Aksumite Empire centered on northern Ethiopia and Eritrea; and the Ostrogoths in Italy and the Vandals in Tunisia. Most of all, there are late Roman and early Romaion (Byzantine) coins, a few billon but mostly bronze or copper: from Egypt, perhaps, and from Turkey, Greece, Serbia, Croatia, Italy, and France; unofficial imitation probably from Israel; and uncertain mint, unknown provenance—all too many coins.

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CC = Creşterea colecţiilor, Cabinetul numismatic de la Biblioteca Academiei Române CCA = Cronica cercetǎrilor arheologice din România CCDJ = Culturǎ şi civilizaţie la Dunǎrea de Jos, Muzeul Dunǎrii de Jos, Cǎlǎraşi CN = Cercetări numismatice, Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a României CH = Coin Hoards, London Caiet = Caietul Seminarului special de ştiinţe auxiliare. Opuscula numismatica, Universitatea din Bucureşti. Facultatea de Istorie Filosofie. Dacia = Dacia. Recherches et découvertes archéologiques en Roumanie, Bucarest. Dacia. NS = Dacia. Revue d'Archéologie et d'Histoire Ancienne, Nouvelle Serie, Bucarest. Danubius = Dabubius, Complexul muzeal Galați Dobroudja = Dobroudja, Silistra Et.Hist. = Etudes Historiques, Sofia GB = Glasul bisericii, Bucureşti Hierasus = Hierasus, Anuar al muzeului judeţean Botoşani Ilfov = Ilfov. File de istorie, Bucureşti, 1978. Ist.Geo = IstorikoGeografica, Thessalonic. Istros = Istros, Muzeul Brǎilei LMI 2004 = Legea Monumentelor Istorice, 2004 MN = Il Mar Nero Muz. Naţ = Muzeul Naţional, Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a României, Bucureşti Materiale = Materiale şi cercetǎri arheologice, Seria veche MCA.SN = Materiale şi cercetǎri arheologice, Serie nouǎ Minalo = Minalo, Sofia Gheorghe MĂNUCU-ADAMEŞTEANU 8 Mousaios = Mousaios, Buletin ştiinţific al Muzeului judeţean Buzău. NC = Numismatic Chronicle, Londra Numizmatika = Numizmatika, Sofia Peuce = Peuce. Studii şi comunicări de istorie şi arheologie, Muzeul "Deltei Dunării", Tulcea PeuceSN = Peuce. Serie Nouă, Studii şi cercetări de istorie şi arheologie, Institutul de Cercetări Eco-Muzeale, Tulcea. PH = Prace Historyczne, Polonia Pontica = Pontica, Muzeul de Istorie Naţională şi Arheologie, Constanţa. SCIV(A) = Studii și cercetări de istorie veche (și arheologie) RA = Revista arheologică (serie nouă), Academia de Științe a Moldovei, Institutul Patrimoniului Cultural, Centrul de Arheolgie, Chișinău RESEE = Révue des Etudes Sud-Est Européenes, Bucarest Rev. Ist = Revista istoricǎ, Bucureşti RIR = Revista Istorică Română, Bucureşti RM = Revista Muzeelor RRH = Revue Roumaine d'Histoire, Bucureşti SCN = Studii şi cercetǎri de numismaticǎ, Bucureşti. St. Cl. = Studii clasice, Bucureşti. Studii = Studii. Revista de istorie, Bucureşti 9

Il contributo indaga sulla vendita della collezione di monete bizantine dell’ex diplomatico Tommaso Bertelè (1892-1971) al Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection di Georgetown (Washington, DC) effettuata in Svizzera. Il lavoro riflette su varie circostanze, come il fatto che la vendita sia stata tenuta segreta per vari anni e sull’eventualità che sia avvenuta in maniera non regolare (o non del tutto) in base alle leggi allora vigenti.

Articolo completo su Torrossa: http://digital.casalini.it/10.1400/285715

ENG:
Numismatic goods, a case study: the export of the Bertelè’s collection to Switzerland and its transferal to the Dumbarton Oaks (USA; 1956, 1969), an episode of missed (or impossible) protection?

Abstract: This paper explores the disposal of the byzantine coins’ collection of the former diplomat Tommaso Bertelè (1892-1971) towards the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection in Georgetown (Washington, DC) via Switzerland. The work reflects on various circumnstances, like that the selling was kept secret for several years and on the eventuality that it may have occurred in a not regular way (or not completely), accordingly to those days’ Italian laws.

Апстракт: Рад презентује археолошке налазе новца пронађене на вишеслојним локалитетима из рановизантијског периода, са подручја шире околине Крушевца. У хронолошком смислу, обухваћен је период од касне антике (спорадични налази новца) до слома ромејског света, на самом крају VI века. Утврђења су свакако била насељена у касноантичком периоду, нарочито након немира и разарања изазваних варварским упадима у IV веку. Судећи по налазима новца, јасно је да је готска војна супремација крајем IV века довела до редукције у циркулацији новца, док је хунска доминација средином V века потпуно зауставила наведену циркулацију. За време владавине цара Анастасија, уз успон и успостављање централне власти долази и до нормализације у циркулацији новца, што потврђује откривени нумизматички материјал. Након столећа уте мељења и јачања византијске државе, нарочито у време велике Јустинијанове обнове, интензивираће се проток новца. Он ће крајем VI века потпуно замрети продором Авара који ће потпуно елиминисати утицај Византије на овај део Балкана. Последњи налази новца са утврђења у крушевачком крају припадају ковању Јустина II, док се у суседним областима проналазе и примерци који припадају ковањима Тиберија и Маврикија. Кључне речи: касна антика, Kрушевац, утврђења, рана Византија, циркулација новца. Kрушевачки крај, који смо одабрали за тему нашег рада, у географском смислу обухвата простор Расинског округа, који је са западне стране омеђен планинским масивом Копаоника, а са источне брдовитом зоном Мојсињских планина и сплетом висова од Ђуниса према Великом Шиљеговцу. Са севера, крушевачки крај затвара долина Западне Мораве, а са југа планински ланац Великог Јастрепца. Нумизматички материјал који обрађујемо потиче из фундуса Народног музеја у Крушевцу и са археолошких истраживања која је обављао Завод за заштиту споменика културе Краљево. Већина утврђења о којима ћемо говорити су вишеслојна и висинска, 443 НАУЧНИ ЧЛАНАК -ОРИГИНAЛAН НAУЧНИ РAД UDK 904:737.1.033.2(497.11)"05" ; 069.51:737.1(497.11) ID=187756300

ÖZ İdeolojide kadının ikinci sınıf vatandaş olarak algılandığı Bizans toplumunda doğuştan asil, güzel, dindar, doğurgan, erdemli, şefkatli imparatoriçeler; her zaman önemli ve ayrıcalıklı bir yere sahip olmuşlardı. Bu kadınlara imparatorlukta önemli görevler verilmiş ve saraydaki önemli görevlerinin yanında resmigeçitlere, bayramlara ve devlet törenlerine imparatorluk görevlisi olarak katılmaları sağlanmıştır. İmparatoriçe imgesi, bir iktidar imgesi olarak imparatorluğun dişil tarafını sembolize ederken imparatorluk ideolojisini tamamlıyordu. Bu bağlamda, imparatoriçe tasvirleri de imparatorluk gücünün ve imparatoriçenin resmi görevinin bir sonucuydu. Bu tasvirler; iktidarı ve hakimiyeti tüm imparatorluğa yaymayı amaçlarken, imparatorluk otoritesini, prestijini ve statüsünü sağlamlaştırmıştır. Sikke gibi devletin resmi sanatı üzerinde yer alan imparatoriçe tasvirleri ise onların otoritesini anlamada anahtar role sahiptir. Sikkeler üzerinde yer alan tasvirlerde imparatoriçe; imparatorun yanında augusta, küçük oğlunun naibi anne imparatoriçe ya da tek olarak yer alırken topluma önemli mesajlar da verilmek istenmiştir. Bu makalede 780-1204 yılları arasındaki Bizans sikkeleri üzerindeki imparatoriçe tasvirlerinin yaşanan siyasi ve sosyal olaylar ile bağlantısı ve sikkelerin Bizans'ta imparatoriçe imgesini anlamadaki rolü ve önemi incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; sikkeler üzerindeki imparatoriçe tasvirlerinin bir iktidar imgesi olarak kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir.

Natural noble, beautiful, religious, fertile, virtuous and compassionate empresses were always significant and privileged in Byzantine society where woman was perceived as a second class citizen in ideology..  These women had important tasks in the empire and were ensured to attend in parades, feasts and state ceremonies as an imperial official in addition to their fundamental duties in the palace. The empress image symbolized the feminine side of the empire as a power image and completed the empire ideology. In this context, empress depictions were the result of empire power and official duty of the empress in Byzantine society. These depictions reinforced the authority, prestige and status of the empire while aiming to spread the power and domination throughout the empire. Empress depictions on official art of the state like coins had a key role in understating their authority. While the empress took place as agusta beside the emperor, as regent mother empress of her little son or alone on the coin depictions, it was objected to give significant messages to the society. In this article Byzantine coins dating between 491 and 1453 have been examined and determined the ones with empress depictions, the connection of these depiction types with political and social events, and the role and importance of coins in the meaning of empress image in Byzantium. As a result, it has been determined that empress depictions on coins were used as a power image.

This paper traces the late ancient coinage of Egyptian Alexandria, the home of the influential Neoplatonistic philosopher Hypatia. The coins name and depict the Eastern Roman Empire's rulers, reflecting their roles in the establishment of Christianity and efforts to eradicate paganism. Though most rulers were emperors, some empresses also exerted power during the conflict. Hypatia, though not a ruler, was a highly sophisticated and influential woman who would have been able to see evidence on her coins of evolving Christian-pagan tensions. Unfortunately, paganism was often confounded with Hypatia's Neoplatonism. Thus, the ultimate victory of rigidly enforced anti-pagan Christianity led to Hypatia's demise.

This study is the preliminary examination of resilience and edition of total 106 coins found in the
excavations between 2005 and 2010 in Myndos ancient city located in the Gümüşlük town of Bodrum
district of the Muğla city. Ayça Güzelsoy, post graduate student, is contributed to this project as scholarship
student.
14 of the coins found in the Myndos are dated 4th or 5th century AD, and 72 of them are dated to
Early Byzantine period. The earliest coin found in the Myndos Ancient city excavations is the Kos Island
coin dated 2nd-1st century BC. The latest coin is the Middle age crusader coin dated 13th century AD in the
settlement stratigraphy. The latest finding in Myndos is a Greek lepton dated to 1878. Thereby, we find
that the housing in Myndos is continued till 13th century AD with the help of the coins found during the
excavations.

The article focuses on the presence of Byzantine coins at Cyrene and in Cyrenaica. New findings from the Italian archaeological excavations and from the coin cabinet of the Archaeological Museum of Cyrene allow to define a very different situation from what previously appeared. In particular, they clearly show the relationship with Egypt, even not long after the Arab conquest. Byzantine coins still continue to be documented in small quantities after the mid-seventh century and there are signs of their widespread presence also in X and XI centuries.

The article focuses on some coins of Eastern mints, which are part of some Veneto collections containing local finds, from Veneto or from North-Eastern Italy. A Parthian tetradrachm, probably found at Poian (Belluno), is very interesting: perhaps the coin came here during the Middle Ages following the same ways of the Islamic currency in Europe

L’articolo si focalizza su alcune monete bizantine e di origine orientale, le quali fanno parte di collezioni venete contenenti reperti locali, dal territorio veneto o dall’Italia settentrionale. Di particolare interesse è una tetradracma partica probabilmente dalla località Poian (BL): presumibilmente la moneta giunse qui durante il Medioevo seguendo i canali di diffusione del numerario islamico in Europa