Brain cancer

With a mortality rate over 580,000 per year, cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, the emerging field of microfluidics can potentially shed light on this puzzling disease. Unique characteristics of microfluidic chips (also known as micro-total analysis system) make them excellent candidates for biological applications. The ex vivo approach of tumor-on-a-chip is becoming an indispensable part of personalized medicine and can replace in vivo animal testing as well as conventional in vitro methods. In tumor-on-a-chip, the complex three-dimensional (3D) nature of malignant tumor is co-cultured on a microfluidic chip and high throughput screening tools to evaluate the efficacy of anticancer drugs are integrated on the same chip. In this article, we critically review the cutting edge advances in this field and mainly categorize each tumor-on-a-chip work based on its primary organ. Specifically, design, fabrication and characterization of tumor microenvironment; cell culture technique; transferring mechanism of cultured cells into the microchip; concentration gradient generators for drug delivery; in vitro screening assays of drug efficacy; and pros and cons of each microfluidic platform used in the recent literature will be discussed separately for the tumor of following organs: (1) Lung; (2) Bone marrow; (3) Brain; (4) Breast; (5) Urinary system (kidney, bladder and prostate); (6) Intestine; and (7) Liver. By comparing these microchips, we intend to demonstrate the unique design considerations of each tumor-on-a-chip based on primary organ, e.g., how microfluidic platform of lung-tumor-on-a-chip may differ from liver-tumor-on-a-chip. In addition, the importance of heart-liver-intestine co-culture with microvasculature in tumor-on-a-chip devices for in vitro chemosensitivity assay will be discussed. Such system would be able to completely evaluate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of anticancer drugs and more realistically recapitulate tumor in vivo-like microenvironment.

Mark Haddon’s Polar Bears (2010) and Nick Payne’s Constellations (2012) are two recent British plays exploring the minds of women suffering from a disorder of the mind, either psychiatric or neurological: in Haddon’s play, Kay, an artist, is bipolar; in Payne’s play, Marianne, a scientist, has a brain tumour. Both works question the protagonists’ freedom of self-determination and highlight our sense of reality as a construct, using poetic structures which break with the traditional dramatic linearity of the conventional play. Indeed, instead of providing a chronological succession of scenes, they let the drama emerge from a random alternation of parallel scenarios to be read as probabilities. The contradictory, disordered fragments that make up the plays thus invite the reader-spectator, in a suggestive way, to welcome the dramatic possibilities of a story which is never settled or decided, instead of merely registering a given narrative. As a result, in providing structural metaphors for the female characters’ pathological states, these plays not only reflect on the tentative process of their own writing, they also challenge our perception of reality as a given and a single object – a view contested by the paradigm shift of quantum physics. While Marianne, in Constellations, explains the theory that "In the quantum universe, every choice, every decision you’ve ever and never made exists in an unimaginable vast ensemble of parallel universes", Kay, in Polar Bears, seems to experience Everett’s many-worlds interpretation from a first-person perspective, exclaiming, "We think there’s only one world. […] But there are so many worlds, aren’t there, one laid over the other. […] It’s so beautiful it makes me want to cry." This study looks at how these two plays, as instances of a “Theatre of Possibilities”, to use Jean-Pierre Sarrazac’s expression, explore mind and brain disorders to shape a dramatic space that gives rise to a subversive form of realism, based on the quantum principle of uncertainty. They resort to tropes – quantum principles and phenomena used as thematic and structural metaphors – as a means to portray our cognitive processes and, more specifically, to conjure up the hidden reality of pathological subjective experience, paralleled by and entangled with the most mind-blowing theories of modern science. I argue that in Payne’s and Haddon’s plays, the dramatic space becomes a place where quantum descriptions of reality and psychopathological distortions of reality tend to converge to form a consistent landscape/mindscape, making room for theatrical realism to be reinvented from the very matter of what should intuitively appear as the most delusional imaginings.

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Polar Bears de Mark Haddon (2010) et Constellations de Nick Payne (2012) sont deux pièces britanniques récentes qui explorent la psyché de personnages féminins souffrant soit d’un trouble psychiatrique soit d’une maladie neurologique : dans la pièce de Haddon, Kay, une artiste, est bipolaire ; dans la pièce de Payne, Marianne, une scientifique, déclare une tumeur cérébrale. En faisant dialoguer santé mentale, fonctionnement cognitif et mécanique quantique, les deux pièces interrogent la liberté et la capacité des protagonistes à s’autodéterminer malgré la maladie et, à travers la mise à mal des fonctions cognitives, mettent en lumière notre perception de la réalité comme construction subjective en utilisant des structures poétiques qui rompent avec la linéarité traditionnelle du drame conventionnel. En effet, au lieu de proposer un enchaînement chronologique de scènes déterminantes dont le déroulé crée progressivement l’univers de la fiction sur le mode indicatif, Polar Bears et Constellations se tissent toutes deux autour d’une alternance aléatoire de scénarios parallèles qui s’appréhendent sur un mode conditionnel comme autant de probabilités décrochées de la flèche du temps. Les fragments contradictoires et désordonnés qui les constituent invitent ainsi le lecteur-spectateur, par touches suggestives et non successives, à imaginer les possibilités d’une histoire sans résolution, qui n’est jamais fixée ou déterminée, au lieu d’enregistrer simplement les avancées d’un récit donné. Cet article vise à montrer que les hésitations et oscillations qui s’élaborent autour des états pathologiques des personnages féminins (et dont elles sont le résultat et le symptôme) mettent non seulement en abyme le processus même d’écriture (dimension métadramatique), elles nous encouragent également à interroger notre rapport au réel (dimension philosophique) non pas tant comme objet unique et extérieur au sujet qui l’observe, mais comme onde de probabilités ou écosystème d’états superposés dans lequel l’observateur lui-même joue un rôle déterminant. Ce changement de paradigme introduit par la physique quantique rencontre ainsi l’instabilité ou l’indécidabilité psychologique. Tandis que, dans Constellations, Marianne explique la théorie scientifique selon laquelle « dans l’univers quantique, chaque choix que l’on fait, chaque décision que l’on prend existe dans un ensemble infiniment vaste d’univers parallèles », dans Polar Bears Kay semble faire l’expérience directe, à la première personne, de la théorie des mondes multiples d’Everett (many-worlds interpretation) lorsqu’elle s’exclame, en proie à une phase maniaque : « On croit qu’il n’existe qu’un seul monde. […] Mais il existe tellement de mondes (so many worlds), n’est-ce pas, empilés les uns sur les autres. […] C’est si beau que ça me donne envie de pleurer. » Ce travail s’intéresse à la manière dont ces deux pièces illustrent ce que l’on pourrait appeler, avec Jean-Pierre Sarrazac, un « Théâtre des Possibilités » et explorent les maladies de l’esprit et du cerveau pour ouvrir un espace dramatique dans lequel se développe une forme subversive de réalisme postdramatique fondé sur le principe quantique d’incertitude (Heisenberg). Les tropes qui s’y déploient – principes et phénomènes quantiques utilisés comme métaphores thématiques et structurelles – permettent de rendre compte de nos processus cognitifs et, plus précisément, de la réalité cachée de l’expérience intime de la maladie, tout en mettant ces expériences en relation avec les théories les plus révolutionnaires de la science moderne. Chez Payne comme chez Haddon, l’espace dramatique devient le lieu où les descriptions quantiques et les distorsions psychopathologiques de la réalité tendent à converger pour former un paysage étonnamment cohérent dans sa relativité et permettre au réalisme théâtral de se refonder à partir de cela-même qui s’apparente intuitivement aux délires d’une imagination malade et à des dysfonctionnements cognitifs, pour finalement poser la question essentielle de notre libre-arbitre.

With a mortality rate over 580,000 per year, cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, the emerging field of microfluidics can potentially shed light on this puzzling disease. Unique characteristics of microfluidic chips (also known as micro-total analysis system) make them excellent candidates for biological applications. The ex vivo approach of tumor-on-a-chip is becoming an indispensable part of personalized medicine and can replace in vivo animal testing as well as conventional in vitro methods. In tumor-on-a-chip, the complex three-dimensional (3D) nature of malignant tumor is co-cultured on a microfluidic chip and high throughput screening tools to evaluate the efficacy of anticancer drugs are integrated on the same chip. In this article, we critically review the cutting edge advances in this field and mainly categorize each tumor-on-a-chip work based on its primary organ. Specifically, design, fabrication and characterization of tumor microenvironment; cell culture technique; transferring mechanism of cultured cells into the microchip; concentration gradient generators for drug delivery; in vitro screening assays of drug efficacy; and pros and cons of each microfluidic platform used in the recent literature will be discussed separately for the tumor of following organs: (1) Lung; (2) Bone marrow; (3) Brain; (4) Breast; (5) Urinary system (kidney, bladder and prostate); (6) Intestine; and (7) Liver. By comparing these microchips, we intend to demonstrate the unique design considerations of each tumor-on-a-chip based on primary organ, e.g., how microfluidic platform of lung-tumor-on-a-chip may differ from liver-tumor-on-a-chip. In addition, the importance of heart-liver-intestine co-culture with microvasculature in tumor-on-a-chip devices for in vitro chemosensitivity assay will be discussed. Such system would be able to completely evaluate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of anticancer drugs and more realistically recapitulate tumor in vivo-like microenvironment.

Ilmiah Divisi Neuro-Onkologi Departemen Bedah Saraf RSUD Dr. Soetomo-FK UNAIR 2 28.1 Introduction & Epidemiology  Medulloblastoma (MB) & atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT)  1 st children < 4 yo & 2 nd adolescents up to 19 yo.  Characteristics : malignant, undifferentiated cell morphology and disseminate throughout the CNS.  The most embryonal brain tumor, 10% of all pediatric brain tumor & the most common malignant childhood posterior fossa tumor.

Global Tumor Ablation Market Forecast & Regional Analysis 2023” Report Highlights:

• Exploring the Commercial Aspects of Tumor Ablation Therapy
• Recent Advances in Tumor Ablation Therapy
• Demand & Features of the Tumor Ablation Therapy
• Technological Aspect of Tumor Ablation Therapy
• Technology, Devices & Tools Involved in Tumor Ablation Therapy
• Clinical Status of Tumor Ablation Therapy in Various Cancer Types
• Global Tumor Ablation Therapy Market by Region, Technology & Mode of Treatment

“Global Cancer Vaccine Market & Pipeline Analysis” Report Highlights:
• Global Cancer Market Overview
• Personalized Cancer Vaccines: Progress & Possibilities
• Platforms for Cancer Vaccines Delivery
• Cancer Vaccines: Mechanism & Innovations
• Global Cancer Vaccines Clinical Pipeline by Phase, Indication, Company & Country
• Global Cancer Vaccine Clinical Pipeline: 289 Vaccines
• Marketed Cancer Vaccines: 12 Vaccines
• Regulatory Framework for Cancer Vaccines Development & Marketing

For a long time, one of my dreams was to describe the nature of uncertainty axiomatically, and it looks like I've finally done it in my co∼eventum mechanics! Now it remains for me to explain to everyone the co∼eventum mechanics in the most approachable way. This is what I'm trying to do in this work. The co∼eventum mechanics is another name for the co∼event theory, i.e., for the theory of experience and chance which I axiomatized in 2016 [1, 2]. In my opinion, this name best reflects the co∼event-based idea of the new dual theory of uncertainty, which combines the probability theory as a theory of chance, with its dual half, the believability theory as a theory of experience. In addition, I like this new name indicates a direct connection between the co∼event theory and quantum mechanics, which is intended for the physical explanation and description of the conict between quantum observers and quantum observations [4]. Since my theory of uncertainty satises the Kolmogorov axioms of probability theory, to explain this co∼eventum mechanics I will use a way analogous to the already tested one, which explains the theory of probability as a theory of chance describing the results of a random experiment. The simplest example of a random experiment in probability theory is the " tossing a coin ". Therefore, I decided to use this the simplest random experiment itself, as well as the two its analogies: the " "flipping a coin " and the " spinning a coin " to explain the co∼eventum mechanics, which describes the results of a combined experienced random experiment. I would like to resort to the usual for the probability theory " coin-based " analogy to explain (and first of all for myself) the logic of the co∼eventum mechanics as a logic of experience and chance. Of course, this analogy one may seem strange if not crazy. But I did not come up with a better way of tying the explanations of the logic of the co∼eventum mechanics to the coin-based explanations that are commonly used in probability theory to explain at least for myself the logic of the chance through a simple visual " coin-based " model that clarifies what occurs as a result of a combined experienced random experiment in which the experience of observer faces the chance of observation. I hope this analogy can be useful not only for me in understanding the co∼eventum mechanics.

The bio-medical image processing is the application of image processing to process medical data. The techniques of feature extraction and machine learning are efficient techniques brain tumor detection. In this paper, various brain tumor detection techniques are reviewed analyzed in terms of certain parameters. It is analyzed that textual feature extraction and classification techniques give maximum accuracy for the brain tumor detection.

While camel urine (CU) is widely used in the Arabian Peninsula to treat various diseases, including cancer, its exact mechanism of action is still not defined. The objective of the present study is to investigate whether camel urine has anti-cancer effect on human cells in vitro. Materials and methods: The annexinV/PI assay was used to assess apoptosis, and immunoblotting analysis determined the effect of CU on different apoptotic and oncogenic proteins. Furthermore, flow cytometry and Elispot were utilized to investigate cytotoxicity and the effect on the cell cycle as well as the production of cytokines, respectively.

Results: Camel urine showed cytotoxicity against various, but not all, human cancer cell lines, with only marginal effect on non-tumorigenic epithelial and normal fibroblast cells epithelial and fibroblast cells. Interestingly, 216 mg/ml of lyophilized CU inhibited cell proliferation and triggered more than 80% of apoptosis in different cancer cells, including breast carcinomas and medulloblastomas. Apoptosis was induced in these cells through the intrinsic pathway via Bcl-2 decrease. Furthermore, CU down-regulated the cancer-promoting proteins survivin, b-catenin and cyclin D1 and increased the level of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. In addition, we have shown that CU has no cytotoxic effect against peripheral blood mononuclear cells and has strong immuno-inducer activity through inducing IFN-g and inhibiting the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10. Conclusions: CU has specific and efficient anti-cancer and potent immune-modulator properties in vitro.

Can obesity, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, cancer and other cardiovascular diseases be prevented and reversed?
Absolutely!
How so? Very simple, just put out the oxygen that keeps the flame of these diseases burning!
Simply put, these modern ‘lifestyle’ diseases, as they are commonly called, are not so much obtained genetically or through heredity as they are obtained through a perverted eating lifestyle and habit. The genes you now have were obtained from your parents, who also obtained theirs from their parents. However, it beats the imagination that such diseases were not common in previous and earlier centuries. So, if it is hereditary, why are they surfacing now? Why did they not occur in our earlier ancestors?
The answer is simple: their lifestyles were different from ours and the problem is not with our genes, but with our diet and sedentary habits.
Many people have been able to manage and reverse their cardiovascular conditions through radical, and on some occasions, gradual, dietary changes.
You might wonder, why do medical science and the greatest physicians not know this?
Again, the answer is simple: medical science is not healthcare, it is disease care! Medicine is not supposed to heal the healthy, but the sick. It is based on three main arms: drugs/medicines (chemotherapy), surgery, and radiation. If your disease cannot be treated by any of these three arms, then medical science cannot help you!
In addition, physicians by their training cannot go outside these three arms of medicine to provide alternative healthcare. Physicians are not dietitians and they only prescribe drugs, not diet. And even dietitians and their standard dietetic recommendations, have failed to save their patients from these diseases.
In this brief diet plan for health, the author presents a background to good and sound health and suggests the simple foods that can secure a disease-free life.
That all may read and be able to apply these healthy principles for a sound and enduring health is the utmost aim of the Author.

283. INTERNATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 1,0001 ADULTS WITH ANAPLASTIC OLIGODENDROGLIAL TUMORS

Abstract 283 -

Neuro-Oncology 11, 563–699, 2009 (posted to Neuro-Oncology [serial online]. URL http://neuro-oncology.dukejournals.org; DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2009-034)

Andrew B. Lassman; Katherine S. Panageas; Fabio M. Iwamoto; Lisa M. DeAngelis; Andreana L. Rivera; Kenneth D. Aldape; Timothy F. Cloughesy; April Eichler; David N. Louis; Nina Paleologos; Barbara
Fisher; Lynn Ashby; Gloria B. Roldan; Gregory Cairncross; Patrick Y. Wen; David Schiff; Brandon G. Rocque; H. Ian Robins; Marc C. Chamberlain; Warren Mason; Susan Weaver; Richard M. Green; Francois G. Kamar; Suresh Jhanwar; Marc K. Rosenbaum; Lauren E. Abrey


INTRODUCTION: Treatment for anaplastic oligodendroglioma is controversial. Early results of randomized trials suggest procarbazinelomustine-vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy (CT) before/after radiotherapy (RT) improves progression-free but not overall survival (OS) compared with RT alone. We sought to compare CT alone with CT and RT and temozolomide with PCV.

METHODS: We identified adults diagnosed with anaplastic oligodendroglioma/oligoastrocytoma from 1981 to 2007, capturing initial treatment strategy. Median time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS: There were 590 (56%) men and 456 (44%) women, with a median age of 42 years (range, 18–88 years), treated with RT alone (n 5 201; 20%), CT and RT (sequential or concurrent; n 5 538; 51%), CT alone (n 5 205; 20%), or other strategies (n 5 102; 10%). Median TTP and OS were 3 and 6 years, respectively, with 5-year median follow-up among 523 (50%) surviving patients. We found that 1p/19q codeletion (n 5 311; 48% of 647 tested) correlated with longer OS (8.6 vs. 3.6 years; p , 0.0001) than no deletion (n 5 246; 38%), the strongest predictor of OS in a multivariate model accounting for treatment, age, extent of resection, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), and histology. Median TTP was longer (p 5 0.0002) following CT and RT than CT alone (4.0 vs. 2.8 years), but without improved OS (7.1 vs. 7.0 years), regardless of deletion status. In codeleted cases, median TTP was longer (p 5 0.017) following PCV alone (7.6 years; n 5 21) than temozolomide alone (3.2 years; n 5 69), remaining significant when controlling for confounders; median OS was longer (10.4 vs. 7.1 years) but did not reach significance (p 5 0.18) on early analysis (77% surviving).

CONCLUSION: Independent predictors of longer OS were 1p/19q codeletion, KPS, extent of resection, and AO histology. CT and RT lengthened TTP but not OS compared with CT alone. Among codeleted cases, median TTP was longer by .4 years following PCV alone than temozolomide alone, but had more toxicity and an unclear OS benefit on early analysis.

Background: The aim of this research is to figure out the effectiveness of the Sorush Cancer Treatment Protocol (SCTP) which is based on the Evolutionary Metabolic Hypothesis of Cancer (EMHC) and introducing the Specific Ketogenic Diet (SKD) plus Intravenous Ozone Therapy (IOT) in Phase (1) on 54 cancer patients, and combination of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy with vitamin/mineral and herbal supplementation beside the SKD and IOT in Phase (2) of this research on the remained 31 cancer patients.

Psychedelic drugs are some of the most powerful tools in the world for personal healing and psychological growth. Research at major medical centers over the past few years have shown remarkable results in the treatment of conditions such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety. Psychedelic drugs provide a path of treatment that is often more effective and rapid than other methods, and with many fewer side effects than pharmaceutical options. This paper will be focusing on hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and psilocybin and entheogens such as ayahuasca and ibogaine.

Abstract This research introduces Sorush Cancer Treatment Ptotocol (SCTP) based on successful cancer treatment methodology which has done by Dr. Somayeh Zaminpira and Dr. Sorush Niknamian in 54 cancer patients in Violet Cancer Institute (VCI), Combining Specific Ketogenic Diet (SKD)- which has 80% saturated fat, 15% Protein with the lowest glutamine and 5% complex-high fiber carbohydrate- and intravenous ozone therapy which has had marvelous results in the treatment of several cancers in human models. The aim of this protocol is to weaken and starve cancer cells, decreasing acidity, increasing the immune system response, decreasing the possibility of metastasis and decreasing the cachexia without any serious side effects in cancer patients. This protocol introduces mega vitamins and minerals plus several supplements based on some tried and true protocols mainly the Budwig and Bill Henderson Protocol (BHP) with serious revisions. The BHP incorporates principal components of the Budwig Diet which was developed in the early 1950s by German chemist Dr. Johanna Budwig (1908-2003). Budwig’s theory is based upon the work of Otto Warburg (1883-1970). Warburg was an earlier Nobel Prize Laureate (1931) for the discovery of the nature and action of the respiratory enzyme, the first of the so-called yellow enzymes, or flavoproteins. Warburg’s scientific efforts produced a large body of work and publications in highly respected journals such as Science (1928, 1956). According to Budwig, Warburg theorized that cellular respiration, like many chemical reactions, was dependent upon substrate availability, specifically a sulphydryl group and an unknown saturated fatty acid, which he failed to identify. According to Dr. S. Zaminpira and Dr. S. Niknamian, Cancer is an Evolutionary Metabolic disease (EMHC) and the main cause of cancer is the Butterfly Effect inside normal cells as a result of increasing the amounts of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).

Both the FCC and WHO have ignored the increased adverse effects that 5G will have worldwide on HEALTH and on the ENVIRONMENT. With respect to HEALTH EFFECTS, over the past two decades research on the effects of microwaves has clearly shown that as frequencies increase, and as wavelengths shorten and become more complex, and as it does with 5G, that harmful biological effects increase as well. Important replicated effects, observed in many different laboratories at very low levels of RF exposure, includes neurological damage in animals such as leakage of the blood brain barrier. 

In February of 2020 Blue Cross Blue Shield released a report that provides strong supporting evidence of an unprecedented increase in early onset Dementia, confirming an increase in Early Onset Dementia or in Alzheimer’s in humans AS PREDICTED from this research.  According to this report, in the 4 years between 2013 and 2017, early-onset dementia and Alzheimer’s disease combined diagnosis rates TRIPLED for adults aged 30 to 64, going up from 4.2/10,000 adults to 12.6/10,000 adults.  Autism in children shows a similar unprecedented increase.  "According to National Health data released last week, autism incidence among Irish children is now at 4.3%, an 82% rise in five years.

With respect to ENVIRONMENTAL Effects, the impact that digital technologies have on climate change through their  carbon footprint - almost entirely unreported by the media - includes the expected doubling of our human carbon footprint - from 4% to 8%, 2,400 million tons of CO2 by 2025 - should 5G replace what we currently have.  A prediction made BEFORE the acceleration in use of digital technologies because of pandemic restrictions worldwide.

Tahukah, fungsi otak juga bisa menurun seiring dengan pertumbuhan usia. Untuk itu kita harus tahu bagimana cara-cara untuk menjaga otak agar tetap berfungsi dengan baik meski usia sudah menua. Penuaan memang sudah pasti terjadi akan tetapi masih bisa diperlambat.

Ingin tahu Cara Memulihkan Sel Otak Yang Rusak secara alami ? hanya disini solusinya…

Cancer is the general name for a group of more than 100 diseases. Although cancer includes different types of diseases, they all start because abnormal cells grow out of control. Without treatment, cancer can cause serious health problems and even loss of life. Early detection of cancer may reduce mortality and morbidity. This paper presents a review of the detection methods for lung, breast, and brain cancers. These methods used for diagnosis include artificial intelligence techniques, such as support vector machine neural network, artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, with medical imaging like X-ray, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography scan images. Imaging techniques are the most important approach for precise diagnosis of human cancer. We investigated all these techniques to identify a method that can provide superior accuracy and determine the best medical images for use in each type of cancer.

P.108. UPDATED RESULTS OF A PHASE II TRIAL OF BEVACIZUMAB AND IRINOTECAN IN RELAPSED HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA
V. F. Keyrouz 1, E. Elias 1, G. Y. Chahine 1,2, Y. G. Comair 3, H. Dimassi 4, and F. G. Kamar 1,5; 1CHU Notre Dame des Secours – Universite ́ Saint Esprit Kaslik, Byblos, Lebanon; 2CHU Hotel Dieu De France – Universite ́ Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon; 3Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; 4Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; 5Clemenceau Medical Center – Johns Hopkins International, Beirut, Lebanon
BACKGROUND: Relapsed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a poor response to current chemotherapy and prognosis of patients with recurrent disease is dismal, with a median survival of 3–6 months. Numeral trials using bevacizumab, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), with or without chemotherapy, have reported excellent response rates using 10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg every 2 weeks, and allowed expedite FDA approval for its use as a second-line treat- ment in relapsed GBM. We performed a phase II trial of bevacizumab using 5 mg/kg only, with irinotecan (CPT 11) every 2 weeks as reported in the initial presentation by Stark Vance. In our interim analysis, we had demon- strated excellent response rates and similar results to others. This is an update of the final results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This phase II trial accrued 30 patients with recurrent GBM who received bevacizumab at 5 mg/kg and CPT 11 at 125 mg/m2 every 2 weeks, after failing radiation therapy and adjuvant TMZ. All patients on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) had their regimen changed to nonenzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (NEIAEDs) prior to receiving CPT 11. Patients with KPS ≥50% were allowed regardless of prior relapses. Patients were evaluated clinically and with contrast-enhanced MRI scan every 4 treatments of bevacizumab until pro- gression. RESULTS: All 30 patients were evaluable. Responses were assessed radiographically according to the MacDonald criteria and comparing T2 or Flair weighed Sequences; 19 patients (63%) had a documented response (CR + PR), 6 patients (20%) had stable disease (SD) and 5 patients (19%) progressed (PD). The average number of bevacizumab treatments received was 5.6 (1 – 20). The 6-month progression-free survival was 33.4%; 6-month overall survival was 66.7%, median overall survival was 8.7 months (36.3 weeks); median progression-free survival was 5 months (22.8 weeks). Several complications were reported: 3 DVTs and 2 PEs requir- ing IVC filter placement, 2 intracranial hemorrhages and one nonneurosur- gical complication. All patients had a clinical benefit and were taken off steroids rapidly after starting bevacizumab regardless of radiological response. Clinical and radiographic responses correlated well. Failures were mostly local progression in 12 cases, infiltrative nonenhancing (glioma- tosis like) in 10 cases and multifocal including subependymal and leptome- ningeal in 8 patients. CONCLUSION: Bevacizumab-based regimen for relapsed GBM demonstrates superior activity when compared with historical treatments. It is safe and improves overall quality of life in this patients’ cat- egory. Our results were as attractive as previously reported series despite lower KPS on enrollment, and using lower doses of bevacizumab.

Little progress has been made in the long-term management of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) for more than 40 years. The current standardof care (SOC) for GBM involves radiotherapy with concomitant adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. Perioperative corticosteroids are also administered to the majority of GBM patients. The current standard treatment strategy for GBM increases availability of glucose (from steroids) and glutamine (from radio-necrosis) in the tumor microenvironment. Emerging evidence indicates that GBM, like most cancers, is a metabolic disease displaying a robust Warburg effect. It is well documented that glucose and glutamine are major metabolic fuels that drive tumor progression. Recent evidence suggests that neoplastic cells with macrophage/microglia properties can contribute to the most invasive cell subpopulation within GBM. Glucose and glutamine are major fuels for myeloid cells as well as for the more rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Metabolic therapy exploits the biological differences between tumor cells and normal cells for the non-toxic targeting of the tumor cells. Studies in preclinical models show that calorie restricted ketogenic diets (KD-R), anti-glycolytic drugs, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy can reduce availability of glucose and glutamine in the tumor microenvironment while enhancing oxidative stress in tumor cells. The predominant ketone body (b-hydroxybutyrate) reduces oxidative stress in normal brain cells. The potential success of metabolic therapy was also seen in human glioma case studies suggesting that this therapeutic strategy could become a viable alternative to the SOC.

Malignant gliomas are the most common and deadly brain tumors. Nevertheless, survival for patients with glioblastoma, the most aggressive glioma, although individually variable, has improved from an average of 10 months to 14 months after diagnosis in the last 5 years due to improvements in the standard of care. Radiotherapy has been of key importance to the treatment of these lesions for decades, and the ability to focus the beam and tailor it to the irregular contours of brain tumors and minimize the dose to nearby critical structures with intensity-modulated or image-guided techniques has improved greatly. Temozolomide, an alkylating agent with simple oral administration and a favorable toxicity profile, is used in conjunction with and after radiotherapy. Newer surgical techniques, such as fluorescence-guided resection and neuroendoscopic approaches, have become important in the management of malignant gliomas. Furthermore, new discoveries are being made in basic and translational research, which are likely to improve this situation further in the next 10 years. These include agents that block 1 or more of the disordered tumor proliferation signaling pathways, and that overcome resistance to already existing treatments. Targeted therapies such as antiangiogenic therapy with antivascular endothelial growth factor antibodies (bevacizumab) are finding their way into clinical practice. Large-scale research efforts are ongoing to provide a comprehensive understanding of all the genetic alterations and gene expression changes underlying glioma formation. These have already refined the classification of glioblastoma into 4 distinct molecular entities that may lead to different treatment regimens. The role of cancer stem-like cells is another area of active investigation. There is definite hope that by 2020, new cocktails of drugs will be available to target the key molecular pathways involved in gliomas and reduce their mortality and morbidity, a positive development for patients, their families, and medical professionals alike.

The FCC fails to take into account the adverse effects that 5G will have on HEALTH and CLIMATE CHANGE. This second issue, the impact that digital technologies have on climate change through its carbon footprint - almost entirely unreported by the media - includes the expected doubling of our human carbon footprint - from 4% to 8%, 2,400 million tons of CO2 by 2025 - should 5G replace what we currently have. 

With respect to HEALTH EFFECTS, over the past two decades research on the effects of microwaves has clearly shown that as frequencies increase, and as wavelengths shorten and become more complex, and as it does with 5G, that harmful biological effects increase as well. Important replicated effects, observed in many different laboratories at very low levels of RF exposure, includes neurological damage in animals such as leakage of the blood brain barrier.  In February of 2020 Blue Cross Blue Shield released a report that provides strong supporting evidence of an unprecedented increase in early onset Dementia, confirming an increase in Early Onset Dementia or in Alzheimer’s in humans AS PREDICTED from this research.  According to this report, in the 4 years between 2013 and 2017, early-onset dementia and Alzheimer’s disease combined diagnosis rates TRIPLED for adults aged 30 to 64, going up from 4.2/10,000 adults to 12.6/10,000 adults. 

Autism in children shows a similar unprecedented increase.  "According to National Health data released last week, autism incidence among Irish children is now at 4.3%, an 82% rise in five years. One in 16 boys is affected."  And given the current Covid-19 pandemic, it seems important to emphasize that having a leaky blood-brain barrier - at the same time as having a viral infection - does NOT seem a good thing, and may well explain the brain damage and inflammation reported in some Covid-19 cases.  And as Panagopoulos has shown in his 2019 review, the extreme and unpredictable variability of real-life cell phone signals - which 5G will markedly increase - results in ever more complex and biologically harmful signals to living cells/organisms.

Background. There are reports that intense prolonged occupational exposure to non-ionizing radiation may increase risks for cancer. We previously have reported a sentinel cluster, of 7 workers with high exposures and short latent periods, and individual patients with brain cancer high occupational exposures and short latent periods. We present a sentinel case series (n=47, 40M, 7F) of cancer patients, referred to our medical unit with occupational exposures to non-ionizing radiation of all types.
Objectives. Our aims were to report the findings on tumour types, age of first diagnosis, and latency, to describe their exposures and to examine the hypothesis that latencies for all tumour types (solid tissue, hematolymphatic, testicular) were coherently related to high occupational exposures starting at young ages.
Methods. We divided the patients into groups by latency. We categorized each patient’s exposures in regard to types of radiation, far or near field exposure and direct body contact. For some we had data on frequencies, for others we provided assessments. We also present the patient data categorized by age of diagnosis. We used a case-case type comparison to examine latencies for tumour types [solid, hematolymphatic (HL), testicular].
Results. 15 patients developed cancer with latent periods of less than 5 years and 12 patients with latent periods between 5 and 10 years. The remaining 20 patients had longer latent periods between first occupational exposure to EMF and diagnosis of cancer. 6 patients (12.7%) had multiple tumours. 12 patients (25.5%) reported cancer cases in co-workers. In the <5 years latency group there were 8 hematolymphatic cancers, 3 testicular cancers and 6 solid tumours [head & neck (includingbrain) and GI tract]. In all latency groups there were patients who were exposed to intense levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF), to several types of EMF, or to EMF in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) or other exposures, and patients who had direct body contact with the equipment, were in direct focus of high radiation, or worked in small, electronically dense environments. Case classification by age showed shorter latencies with younger ages, but this association is complicated by the fact that shorter latencies co-vary with younger ages especially for testicular tumours. But patients with testicular and hematolymphatic tumours had shorter latencies than those with solid tumours.
Conclusion. Many of the patients were young and had extremely short latent periods, especially for HL and testicular cancers. The fact that latent periods for testes were very short, HL longer and solid stil llonger suggests a coherent and biologically plausible pattern of latency in relation to the onset of exposure to EMF and other agents. The findings strengthen the hypothesis that these exposures may possibly be the major cause of many of these tumours. The findings state the case for (1) better modelling of exposure sources and penetration into the body and (2) preventive and protective measures based on control of exposure at source, barriers, and personal protection.
Eur.J.Oncol., 16(1),21-54,2011

Individual exposure from smart meter radio frequency microwaves (RF) basically depends on three factors: 1. The power of the RF emitter that determines the maximum strength of the signal; 2. The % duty cycle (the percentage of time a smart meter transmits); and 3. Distance from the smart meter. The first factor can vary from model to model, the second two vary widely even for a single meter, depending on a variety of circumstances, including location and time of day.

Although omitted from California Council on Science and Technology’s 2011 report, applying the inverse-square law to CCST’s smart meter distance data, one can calculate the relative strength of the RF from a cell phone held to the ear, to that of a smart meter (50% duty cycle) “held to the ear,” one-half inch away. At that distance a smart meter also sends out about 20 times the RF of a cell phone on maximum power, and 100 times the RF of a cell phone on minimum power, 100,000 µW/cm2 for the smart meter, compared to 5,000 and 1,000 µW/cm2 for a cell phone.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant tumor within the brain. Generally classified as primary and secondary with several different subtypes, ample molecular biomarkers have risen throughout the years which have garnered the attention of researchers. The advancements in genomics and proteomics have allowed researchers to gather prominent molecular biomarkers. All these biomarkers are gathered by means of biopsy or bodily fluid sample collection and are quantitatively analyzed by polymerase chain reaction coupled with other computational technologies. This review highlights the significance, regulation and prevalence of molecular biomarkers such as O6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, epidermal growth factor receptor vIII, isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation and several others which expressed differently in different types and molecular subtypes of GBM. The discoveries and roles of GBM-specific microRNAs including miR-21 and miR-10b as biomarkers with promising prognostic values were also delineated. The role and mechanism of biomarkers in GBM tumorigenesis are essential in the development of therapy for patients suffering from the disease itself. Thus, this review also discusses the mechanisms, effects and limitations of therapy such as temozolomide, viral gene transfer, biomarker-based vaccines or even engineered T cells for more specific responses. Biomarkers have displayed a high value and could eventually be utilized as drug targets. It is hoped that by combining different aspects of the disease which present with different biomarkers could lead to the development of a robust, effective and innovative take on GBM therapy.

This investigation attempts to analyze the growth of brain cancerous tissue employing the technique of fractal geometry, specifically
computing the fractal dimensions. The fractal dimensions were determined using a box-counting method. The earliest stage showed
lowest fractal dimension (D), 1.6541. The intermediate stage showed maximum fractal dimension of 1.7016 while the last stage
available showed slightly lower D value of 1.6847. These results were found to be in agreement with those of previous studies on
certain cancer types. The use of fractal analysis in the diagnosis of cancer is discussed. It has been shown that the fractal dimension of
2D microvasculature networks can discriminate between normal versus tumor tissue. Fractal dimensions also differed between various
stages of malignancy.

Classic chemotherapy has little or no specificity for cancer cells, normally resulting in low accumulation at the tumor region (inefficacy), and in severe side effects (toxicity). This challenge has resulted in the development of several delivery strategies for chemotherapy agents to improve their concentration at the tumor site, simultaneously increasing their anticancer efficacy, while reducing the associated adverse systemic effects. In this work, the potential of drug delivery strategies involving the use of nanocarriers for controlling the biodistribution of antitumor drugs is deeply revised: passive targeting (through the enhanced permeability and retention effect, EPR effect) and active targeting (including stimuli-sensitive carriers and ligand-mediated delivery). Special attention will be also focussed on the recent approaches for overcoming multi-drug resistance. Finally, a general view of the problem of “nanotoxicity” in cancer treatment is also given.

Data mining has contributed various type of applications domains related to information technology, stock, marketing, healthcare and banking among them. Lung cancer is the most rapidly increase disease which is causing human death worldwide due to respiratory problems; this cancer disease has exceeded the death rate compared to breast cancer. This disease has characterized based on growth of uncontrolled cells. If this disease is not diagnosed at the early stages and cured before the second stage, it will increase the death percentage in human. This tissue will be spread rapidly to other parts of the body like brain, heart, bones, glands and liver. As from early research, there is no such tool for early detection of lung cancer disease in human.

Creatinine is a biological waste that is diffused in the blood and filtered by the kidneys to reduce blood waste content-oriented toxicity for maintaining homeostasis in the living body. In the current research, we have developed a sensing system for early detection of side effects of brain cancer chemotherapy on human kidneys by monitoring the rise in creatinine levels. High creatinine levels can lead to permanent incurable conditions such as acute kidney damage or acute kidney failure. The proposed research is related to the real-time detection of creatinine in an aqueous medium. The sensing system is able to determine concentrations within the range of 0.1 - 50 ppm. The sensitivity % curve presented aids in finding an unknown sample concentration from resistance values at a frequency of 100 Hz using the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The results highlight the future possibility of modifying this system for early levels of creatinine rise for preventing life-threatening conditions and providing indications to doctors in the form of parts per million (ppm) unit results where they can change the chemotherapy medicines or reduce the total drug regiments.

Malignant brain tumors represent one of the most devastating forms of cancer with abject survival rates that have not changed in the past 60 years. This is partly because the brain is a critical organ, and poses unique anatomical , physiological, and immunological barriers. The unique interplay of these barriers also provides an opportunity for creative engineering solutions. Cancer immunotherapy, a means of harnessing the host immune system for anti-tumor efficacy, is becoming a standard approach for treating many cancers. However, its use in brain tumors is not widespread. This review discusses the current approaches, and hurdles to these approaches in treating brain tumors, with a focus on immunotherapies. We identify critical barriers to immunoengineering brain tumor therapies and discuss possible solutions to these challenges.

Stereotaxy is a neurosurgical technique that can take several hours to reach a specific target, typically utilizing a mechanical frame and guided by preoperative imaging. An error in any one of the numerous steps or deviations of the target anatomy from the preoperative plan such as brain shift (up to 20 mm), may affect the targeting accuracy and thus the treatment effectiveness. Moreover, because the procedure is typically performed through a small burr hole opening in the skull that prevents tissue visualization, the intervention is basically "blind" for the operator with limited means of intraoperative confirmation that may result in reduced accuracy and safety. The presented system is intended to address the clinical needs for enhanced efficiency, accuracy, and safety of image-guided stereotactic neurosurgery for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) lead placement. The work describes a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided, robotically actuated stereotactic neural intervention system for deep brain stimulation procedure, which offers the potential of reducing procedure duration while improving targeting accuracy and enhancing safety. This is achieved through simultaneous robotic manipulation of the instrument and interactively updated in situ MRI guidance that enables visualization of the anatomy and interventional instrument. During simultaneous actuation and imaging, the system has demonstrated less than 15% signalto-noise ratio (SNR) variation and less than 0.20% geometric distortion artifact without affecting the imaging usability to visualize and guide the procedure. Optical tracking and MRI phantom experiments streamline the clinical workflow of the prototype system, corroborating targeting accuracy with 3-axis root mean square error 1.38 ± 0.45 mm in tip position and 2.03 ± 0.58 • in insertion angle.

Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) is an important medicinal plant, well known for its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of its action remain largely unknown. The apoptosis associated speck like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC) is central to inflammatory and cell death pathways in innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we show that fenugreek seed extract provides cytoprotection to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammed and nanosilica-treated fibroblasts via a reactive oxygen species independent pathway. All atom molecular dynamics simulations of ASC-ligand complex reveal that individual phytochemicals in fenugreek can bind to ASC via specific non-covalent interactions. These data show that a synergistic effect of fenugreek phytochemicals with the ASC protein alters its molecular properties resulting in altered cellular function. Such information is crucial to the development of targeted therapeut...