Blockchain technology in financial sector

This research proposes a novel blockchain-based strategy for maintaining data integrity in multi-cloud storage systems based on Chain-Code and Homomorphic Verifiable Tags (HVT). The concept combines cryptographic commitments and system modelling with Data Owners (DOs), Cloud Service Providers (CSPs), and a Blockchain Network to provide a safe and transparent data verification framework. Data owners encrypt their data and create promises using the Pedersen commitment scheme to ensure confidentiality and integrity during transmission to CSPs. CSPs generate local signatures and work together to build aggregated signatures that are recorded on the blockchain, allowing for decentralised and immutable integrity checks. The suggested method's scalability and efficiency are validated by an experimental evaluation performed on a conventional computer configuration comprising an Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-10210U CPU, 8.0GB RAM, and a 64-bit OS, utilising SHA-256 and SHA-512 hashing algorithms. The results reveal that the logarithmic time cost increases as the number of DOs grows, demonstrating the system's robustness. Comparative analysis with other blockchain-based schemes regularly demonstrates improved performance, notably in terms of reduced time costs with additional CSPs, highlighting the method's scalability in large-scale implementations. The approach, which uses Chain-Code and HVT, improves confidence through decentralised verification, which is crucial for assuring data security and reliability across several cloud platforms. This systematic approach not only ensures data integrity from encryption to verification, but it also lays the groundwork for future research into optimising system resilience and investigating

Insurance distribution is changing, with contestability in insurance quotes rising. -Substantial price variation currently exists between insurers. -"Winners curse" may become an increasing issue in quotingunless the insurance industry responds to this in their pricing and approach -Profitability may decline in the industry until adjustments can be made -Several strategies can be employed by different parts of the insurance value chain to respond / profit from the change. The impact of the internet / information revolution is affecting the distribution of many products by: -reducing distribution costs -allowing easier comparison of prices -those industries that have substantial knowledge content in their product are susceptible to copying. Changes can affect the evolution and viability of different business models.

Islamic finance has emerged as a transformative force in the agricultural sector, offering a Sharia-compliant alternative to conventional financing methods. This study explores the role of Islamic financial inclusion in empowering smallholder farmers, with a particular focus on Central Java, Indonesia. The theoretical framework is based on financial inclusion theories, which emphasize the impact of accessible capital on productivity and economic development. Unlike conventional financing systems, Islamic financial mechanisms eliminate exploitative elements such as excessive collateral requirements and high-interest rates. Institutions such as Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMTs) and Islamic rural banks have played a crucial role in facilitating ethical finance, fostering social justice, and integrating farmers into the halal supply chain. A significant aspect of this study is the analysis of the growth trajectory of Sharia-compliant agricultural financing. Data from 2020 to 2024 indicate a substantial increase in capital allocation to the sector, driven by government-led initiatives such as the Sharia Economy Master Plan 2019-2024. Additionally, the rise of fintech-based Islamic financing solutions has enabled seamless digital transactions for agribusinesses, further accelerating financial inclusion in rural areas. The adoption of blockchain for halal certification ensures transparency and trust in the value chain, while peer-to-peer (P2P) lending and crowdfunding have provided alternative funding sources for farmers. The case study of rice cooperatives in Demak, Central Java, highlights how the integration of Sharia-compliant e-wallets and AI-driven supply chain financing has minimized transaction costs, reduced financial risks, and enhanced market linkages. Despite these advancements, regulatory challenges persist. A stronger regulatory framework is needed to standardize halal certification processes and incentivize Islamic fintech startups to enhance penetration in rural agricultural sectors. Furthermore, this study underscores the long-term potential of integrating green sukuk (Islamic bonds) into agribusiness funding mechanisms. This approach can position Indonesia as a global leader in environmentally responsible halal farming, promoting sustainability while adhering to Sharia principles. The novelty of this research lies in its empirical validation of Islamic financing's role in rural development, its large-scale analysis of fintech-driven halal agricultural financing in Indonesia, and its exploration of blockchain-driven halal certification mechanisms. These contributions offer valuable insights into the evolving landscape of Islamic finance and its impact on agricultural sustainability. The findings of this study not only provide a foundation for future research but also offer practical recommendations for policymakers, financial institutions, and agricultural stakeholders seeking to enhance financial accessibility and economic resilience in rural communities.

There are several issues and solutions regarding the theoretical connection between digital money and economic growth. There are issues with digital currency's distribution, stability, and compatibility with fiat money. Although this structure theoretically allows stability of price, however, sensible monetary regulation and its effective distribution continue to be more pressing concerns. The study examined how digital currency affects Nigeria's economic growth. The average annual value of bitcoin (BTC) and Binance coin (BNB) were used to analyze digital currency, while the gross domestic product was used to gauge economic growth. Ex-post facto method was adopted by the study. Data from secondary sources spanning a decade (2014-2023) was used in the study. However, data on the gross domestic product was taken from the CBN Statistical Bulletin, while the metrics of digital currency (BTC and BNB) were taken from Coinmarketcap online platform. Descriptive statistics, correlation and panel regression analysis were used to examine the collected data. According to the results, there was no discernible impact of either Bitcoin or Binance on the GDP of Nigeria between 2014 and 2023. The analysis concludes that the average value of bitcoin and binance coins has no significant effect on Nigeria's GDP. As a result of this, when thinking about regulating cryptocurrencies, the Nigerian government was advised to implement safeguards against the currency's extreme volatility and susceptibility to illicit activity in the country.

This working paper introduces OmniGaza, a novel, blockchain-based digital infrastructure initiative designed to reshape the landscape of sovereign development finance in Africa. Traditional development finance institutions, often burdened by complex conditionalities and opaque processes, have frequently proved ineffective in delivering sustainable and equitable growth, whilst also compromising African nations' sovereign control. OmniGaza presents a paradigm shift: a sovereign- controlled, decentralised platform designed to dismantle bureaucratic inefficiencies, eliminate exploitative financial intermediaries, and empower African nations with direct access to capital markets—redefining transparency, efficiency, and economic self-determination.
OmniGaza leverages a secure and immutable blockchain infrastructure to safeguard data sovereignty, automate compliance, and establish an incorruptible financial ledger—ensuring that participating nations retain full autonomy over their economic assets. Smart contracts automate key processes, reducing bureaucratic red tape and mitigating the risk of corruption. The platform's open-source nature fosters collaboration and accountability. This paper argues that OmniGaza's innovative approach empowers African countries to control their own economic futures, attracting investment on their own terms and fostering a more equitable and prosperous future. By leveraging the power of blockchain technology, OmniGaza provides a secure, efficient, and transparent mechanism for capital formation, directly addressing the shortcomings of conventional development finance models and ushering in a new era of African-led development. The platform's potential to streamline sovereign bond issuance and facilitate direct investment promises significant reductions in transaction costs and processing times.

OmniGaza WhitePaper (2025): Decentralizing Development & The Future of Sovereign Finance in Africa © 2025 by David Okiki Amayo Jr. (a.k.a. Trevor Mwendwa) is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Blockchain has come a long way from being a niche technology powering cryptocurrencies to becoming a game-changer across industries. As blockchain trends continue to evolve, businesses and individuals alike are looking for ways to stay ahead. What does the landscape of blockchain technology trends look like in 2025? Let's break it down, from the fundamentals to the most exciting blockchain future trends shaping the industry. What is Blockchain? A Quick Refresher At its core, blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that records transactions securely and transparently. Unlike traditional databases, it relies on a distributed network of nodes that verify and store data, making it resistant to fraud and cyber threats.

The integration of Machine Learning (ML) and Blockchain technology is revolutionizing supply chain management, logistics, shipping, and freight forwarding by enhancing operational efficiency, security, and transparency. This study systematically reviews 102 high-quality peer-reviewed studies published before 2023 to assess the impact of ML and Blockchain in optimizing various aspects of supply chain networks. The findings indicate that ML-driven predictive analytics significantly improve demand forecasting, inventory optimization, and route planning, reducing operational costs and enhancing decision-making accuracy. Simultaneously, Blockchain technology ensures immutable record-keeping, automates contract execution through smart contracts, and mitigates fraud risks by enhancing supply chain transparency. The review highlights that the integration of ML and Blockchain provides greater advantages than their independent applications, with 71 studies confirming that AI-enhanced Blockchain frameworks improve supply chain resilience and logistics efficiency. Additionally, 48 studies demonstrate that ML-driven anomaly detection, when paired with Blockchain validation, reduces fraudulent transactions by 50%, enhancing trust and data integrity in freight operations. Furthermore, the findings suggest that 56 studies support the role of ML-Blockchain integration in sustainable logistics, with fuel consumption reductions of up to 25% and enhanced environmental compliance through Blockchain-enabled carbon footprint tracking. Despite these advantages, 31 studies report scalability challenges related to ML's high computational demands, while 29 studies identify Blockchain's transaction processing limitations as a barrier to large-scale implementation. These challenges necessitate further research into hybrid solutions and infrastructure optimization to fully realize the potential of ML and Blockchain in modern supply chain systems. This review provides comprehensive insights into how these technologies are transforming logistics and freight forwarding, offering valuable perspectives for researchers, policymakers, and industry practitioners aiming to enhance global supply chain efficiency.

This study aims to develop and validate a Predictive AI-Based Supply Chain Visibility Framework (PASCVF) tailored for airline logistics management. Employing a mixed-methods approach within a Design Science Research framework, the research integrates advanced digital technologies—including IoT, RFID, blockchain, and AI-driven predictive analytics—to enhance operational transparency, reduce lead times, and optimize inventory management. Data were collected from major international airlines using structured interviews, operational records, and simulation modeling. The results reveal significant improvements, including a 20% reduction in lead time, a 25% decrease in stock-out frequency, and a 5–10% reduction in Cost per Available Seat Kilometer (CASK). These findings provide empirical support for the framework, offering actionable insights for enhancing strategic decision-making and operational resilience in the aviation industry. The study contributes to academic theory by extending digital transformation models and has practical implications, recommending that airline executives invest in integrated digital solutions to achieve sustainable performance gains.

The study examined the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sukuk market by contrasting the stock and bond markets' stability and variability. A range of macroeconomic factors, including gold, crude oil, and VIX, in addition to COVID-19 metrics, were examined to determine their significant impact on these markets using multiple regression and GARCH models with robust standard errors. The findings of our study indicate that all the markets were significantly and negatively affected by the pandemic. However, the stock market shows the highest volatility and sensitivity, but the sukuk and bond markets display stable volatility and sensitivity. Notably, the sukuk market appeared as the least volatile and least sensitive during the pandemic, as evident from our findings. The macrolevel factors like crude oil negatively affect the sukuk and bond markets, while VIX and EPUUS exacerbate greater stock volatility. The investigation underscores sukuk's robustness in relation to conventional instruments. This research has filled an important gap in the literature by providing empirical data on the performance of Sukuk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The deeper understanding developed in this study will be useful for policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders in both Islamic and conventional financial markets on how Islamic financing promotes economic stability during global upheavals. Especially, it will help investors seeking a more resilient alternative to traditional investment instruments in making their effective portfolios.

This paper explores the integration of Business Process Management (BPM) with blockchain technology to enhance pension systems, using Hungary as a case study. Specifically, it addresses scientific challenges related to data access management, regulatory compliance, and system scalability within blockchain-based pension frameworks. This study investigates how BPM can improve the transparency, efficiency, and security of blockchain applications in pension administration by optimizing workflows and automating compliance with regulations such as GDPR. By analyzing operational flow diagrams and implementing architectural models, this paper presents an innovative approach to pension management, demonstrating significant improvements in service quality and operational efficiency. Findings from this research provide empirical evidence of the benefits of BPM-enhanced blockchain systems, offering insights applicable to pension systems beyond the Hungarian context, including examples from other countries.

This scientific research aims to revolutionise the conventional lending process by providing a thorough framework for the creation of a blockchain-based lending platform. The framework provides improved transparency, automation, and risk assessment capabilities by merging Marlowe smart contracts, data science analytics, and transparent transaction recording on the Cardano blockchain. The article discusses and evaluates in detail the benefits, difficulties, and factors to be taken into account while putting such a framework into practice. In the conclusion, the suggested framework has the potential to expedite loan procedures, enhance decision-making, and promote confidence among financial ecosystem participants.

The integration of Machine Learning (ML) and Blockchain technology is revolutionizing supply chain management, logistics, shipping, and freight forwarding by enhancing operational efficiency, security, and transparency. This study systematically reviews 102 high-quality peer-reviewed studies published before 2023 to assess the impact of ML and Blockchain in optimizing various aspects of supply chain networks. The findings indicate that ML-driven predictive analytics significantly improve demand forecasting, inventory optimization, and route planning, reducing operational costs and enhancing decision-making accuracy. Simultaneously, Blockchain technology ensures immutable record-keeping, automates contract execution through smart contracts, and mitigates fraud risks by enhancing supply chain transparency. The review highlights that the integration of ML and Blockchain provides greater advantages than their independent applications, with 71 studies confirming that AI-enhanced Blockchain frameworks improve supply chain resilience and logistics efficiency. Additionally, 48 studies demonstrate that ML-driven anomaly detection, when paired with Blockchain validation, reduces fraudulent transactions by 50%, enhancing trust and data integrity in freight operations. Furthermore, the findings suggest that 56 studies support the role of ML-Blockchain integration in sustainable logistics, with fuel consumption reductions of up to 25% and enhanced environmental compliance through Blockchain-enabled carbon footprint tracking. Despite these advantages, 31 studies report scalability challenges related to ML's high computational demands, while 29 studies identify Blockchain's transaction processing limitations as a barrier to large-scale implementation. These challenges necessitate further research into hybrid solutions and infrastructure optimization to fully realize the potential of ML and Blockchain in modern supply chain systems. This review provides comprehensive insights into how these technologies are transforming logistics and freight forwarding, offering valuable perspectives for researchers, policymakers, and industry practitioners aiming to enhance global supply chain efficiency.

Modern physical marketplaces are places of trust and security where the trust is built on reputation of previous deeds but when it comes to the digital domain we have traditional architecturally centralized marketplace with no transparency or responsibility to resolve the matters of a growing audience and have a hard time applying the same principles as real-world marketplaces due to outdated models of business methodologies that are still in use. The problem is based on the consensus of this complex system where we need a separate eco-system to provide a history of participants to judge reputation, middle man to oversee transactions and resolve all occurring disputes and make trustworthy transparent transaction information to be available to anyone. All of the above key problems can be mitigated by applying Blockchain, a new data structure which uses distributed i.e decentralized ledger technology to help secure the networks of transactions. BlockMart in this paper aims to be a smart, distributed online e-commerce marketplace application for assets, data, and service exchange in a peer-2-peer network of clients, which is powered by ethereum smart contracts and built using hyperledger fabric.

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative force in financial systems, offering enhanced security, transparency, and efficiency in banking, trade finance, and regulatory compliance. This study systematically examines the adoption trends, challenges, and impacts of blockchain integration in financial systems across developed and developing economies, utilizing a case study approach. A total of 38 case studies were reviewed, encompassing financial institutions, trade finance networks, and government-backed blockchain initiatives to provide a comparative analysis of blockchain's effectiveness in different economic contexts. The findings reveal that blockchain adoption has significantly reduced fraudulent transactions by 42%, expedited trade finance settlement times by 58%, and improved compliance efficiency by 49% in regulated financial environments. While developed economies benefit from clear regulatory frameworks and advanced digital infrastructure, developing economies leverage blockchain for financial inclusion, with mobile-based blockchain solutions increasing banking accessibility by 67% among unbanked populations in select cases. Furthermore, the study highlights blockchain's role in mitigating cyber threats, with blockchainsecured financial institutions experiencing a 47% decline in cyberattacks and improved fraud detection accuracy by 31% through AI-driven blockchain models. Additionally, blockchain integration with artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing has enhanced real-time financial monitoring, trade authentication, and secure data management, demonstrating its growing role in financial digitalization. Despite regulatory and infrastructure challenges, blockchain presents a robust framework for fostering secure, efficient, and inclusive financial transactions globally. This study provides valuable insights for financial institutions, policymakers, and technology developers seeking to maximize blockchain's potential in reshaping global finance and trade ecosystems.

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative force in financial systems, offering enhanced security, transparency, and efficiency in banking, trade finance, and regulatory compliance. This study systematically examines the adoption trends, challenges, and impacts of blockchain integration in financial systems across developed and developing economies, utilizing a case study approach. A total of 38 case studies were reviewed, encompassing financial institutions, trade finance networks, and government-backed blockchain initiatives to provide a comparative analysis of blockchain's effectiveness in different economic contexts. The findings reveal that blockchain adoption has significantly reduced fraudulent transactions by 42%, expedited trade finance settlement times by 58%, and improved compliance efficiency by 49% in regulated financial environments. While developed economies benefit from clear regulatory frameworks and advanced digital infrastructure, developing economies leverage blockchain for financial inclusion, with mobile-based blockchain solutions increasing banking accessibility by 67% among unbanked populations in select cases. Furthermore, the study highlights blockchain's role in mitigating cyber threats, with blockchainsecured financial institutions experiencing a 47% decline in cyberattacks and improved fraud detection accuracy by 31% through AI-driven blockchain models. Additionally, blockchain integration with artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing has enhanced real-time financial monitoring, trade authentication, and secure data management, demonstrating its growing role in financial digitalization. Despite regulatory and infrastructure challenges, blockchain presents a robust framework for fostering secure, efficient, and inclusive financial transactions globally. This study provides valuable insights for financial institutions, policymakers, and technology developers seeking to maximize blockchain's potential in reshaping global finance and trade ecosystems.

The OECD promotes the 2015 version of the Principles of Corporate Governance as a means "to support investment as a powerful driver of growth". But how realistic is this ambition? This article provides a critical assessment of the operation and impact of these Principles. It maps the governance model of the Principles and discusses their impact on state legislation and corporate governance at the firm level. It concludes that there are various problems with the operation of the Principles insofar as they are regarded as a universal benchmark, while they can be a useful "common frame of reference" for the debate about corporate governance reform in academia and practice.

This paper aims to discuss and inform the people regarding the applications of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in the field of Supply Chain Management (SCM). This furthermore discusses things about the basic components of SCM and the factors to be considered when adapting technology in this area. This paper also discussed related studies that were conducted showing how WSN helps SCM. Lastly, this paper talked about the advantages of using WSNs.

FinTech financial technology operates as a revolutionary sector that implements critical changes to service delivery mechanisms for unbanked and underbanked groups throughout the United States. The research evaluates FinTech advancement as a method to enhance financial technology while assessing its ability to remove obstacles faced by disadvantaged groups. The research examines recent FinTech solutions through case studies and statistical data and theoretical frameworks while evaluating mobile banking and peer-to-peer lending in their role to extend financial access across the United States. The research analyses quantitative banking and payment and lending data to demonstrate how FinTech tools reduce financial exclusivity. The evaluation of digital wallet success and online lender market growth along with mobile payment adoption establishes critical relationships illustrating these technological approaches to financial accessibility enhancement. The study demonstrates how FinTech solutions make banking products more accessible and affordable to low-income groups and rural dwellers and diverse communities for superior financial services delivery. The innovations demonstrated dual benefits by reducing transaction costs at the same time they raised credit availability and improved reading skills so new groups entered traditional financial networks. The research indicates that government financial regulation works alongside FinTech service growth to protect the consumer while the expansion occurs. The research findings demonstrate how FinTech brings transformative changes to financial technology making sure that all groups with past financial service barriers become part of the formal financial system. The need exists to continuously enhance FinTech solutions while guaranteeing they can be used safely and equally by people from all walks of society.

Amid the changes in the economy and the development of strategic strategies, the area of advertising has grown through different periods. The purpose of the paper is to research specific publicity ways of thinking in four periods of development, deals, show, and promotion of relationships that consume begun in the manufacturing uprising and continued to go into the 3 thousand years. Eventually, the methods of reasoning promoting would be distinguished based on rules such as basic topics, entertainers, time skyline, power emphasis, and so on, with the intention of obtaining a full view of this influence.

Nell’ambito del settore finanziario, l’intelligenza artificiale può essere impiegata per varie finalità, molte delle quali caratterizzate da grandi potenzialità; al contempo, l’utilizzo di tali strumenti pone rilevanti sfide. Il contributo intende, in primo luogo, indagare se la regolazione e supervisione finanziaria - nel fronteggiare le insidie poste dalle applicazioni dell’intelligenza artificiale - siano tenute a conformarsi al principio di neutralità tecnologica. In secondo luogo, alla luce del regolamento (UE) 2024/1689 (AI Act) e all’evoluzione dei servizi, viene valutato quale sia l’approccio ottimale per garantire una piena tutela dell’investitore nei confronti dei roboavisors, anche nell’ambito di ambienti immersivi caratterizzati da interazioni phygital. , infine, analizzato il caso d’uso dei virtual worlds per dimostrare l’esigenza di regolare e supervisionare le applicazioni dell’AI in ambito finanziario adottando un approccio tech specific

There is a group-think problem in blockchain today. Lots of bad ideas (and one major one in particular) are frequently recycled. This causes problems when trying to decern on an academic level what is going on in the development space. To a well-meaning computer scientist, looking at a blockchain they may say, “oh it’s a database” or “oh it’s a self-verifying communications protocol” or even, “oh it’s an immutable ledger.” All of these are true, but if we understand the purpose of permissionless blockchain, permissionless systems, and global computing; we realize that these categories tend to confuse terms and detract from the technology breakthroughs that are right in front of us. Technologies that are already changing the world. We need to start asking not, “What can permissionless blockchains do?” Instead, we should ask, “What have they always done, and are still doing?” To do that, let us first explore the state of where we are in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, and Decentralized Finance.

Phil C. Naumann is a senior blockchain researcher for the Web3 data company moralis.com, which deals with on-chain real-time blockchain data.

This study systematically reviews the transformative impact of digital transformation in the banking sector, focusing on trends, technologies, and challenges that shape modern financial institutions. By analyzing 150 peerreviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025, this study highlights the critical role of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, and digital wallets in enhancing operational efficiency, customer experiences, and financial inclusion. The findings reveal how AI and ML drive predictive analytics, fraud detection, and personalized service delivery while mobile banking and digital wallets revolutionize accessibility and convenience, especially in underserved regions. Blockchain technology emerges as a game-changer, offering secure and transparent financial transactions, reducing costs, and fostering trust. The review also identifies significant challenges, including cybersecurity threats, regulatory compliance, and environmental implications, particularly the energy demands of digital infrastructures. Furthermore, this study highlights gaps in existing literature, such as limited long-term impact studies and insufficient cross-regional analyses. This comprehensive synthesis provides valuable insights for banking institutions, policymakers, and researchers seeking to align digital transformation initiatives with strategic, operational, and sustainability goals, ensuring a balanced approach to innovation and inclusivity in the financial sector.

Blockchain technology has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing data governance in financial pipelines by ensuring transparency, security, and data integrity. This paper examines how blockchain's decentralized and immutable ledger can address key challenges such as data breaches, compliance failures, and inefficient audit processes in the financial sector. It highlights blockchain's ability to enable real-time data monitoring, automated compliance checks through smart contracts, and secure transaction histories. By integrating blockchain into data governance frameworks, financial institutions can enhance regulatory compliance, reduce fraud, and improve operational efficiency, paving the way for a more secure and transparent financial ecosystem.

A leading banking institution faced the
challenge of integrating its core banking
system, Flexcube, with an external Anti-Money
Laundering (AML) system. The goal was to
streamline the customer onboarding process
while ensuring strict regulatory compliance.

This study explores the influence of financial technology (Fintech) innovations, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting, and blockchain technology on financial transparency and accountability through a qualitative literature review. By examining a diverse range of academic papers, industry reports, and case studies, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these factors contribute to enhancing financial transparency and accountability in the modern financial landscape. The literature review reveals that Fintech innovations, including mobile banking, peer-to-peer lending, and automated investment services, significantly improve financial transparency by providing more accessible and realtime financial information to stakeholders. These innovations enhance accountability by enabling more efficient and accurate tracking of financial transactions and performance. ESG reporting, which involves disclosing information related to a company's environmental impact, social practices, and governance structures, plays
a crucial role in promoting financial transparency. It ensures that stakeholders are informed about the non-financial aspects of a company’s operations, thereby fostering greater accountability and ethical business practices. The integration of blockchain technology further enhances transparency and accountability by offering a decentralized and immutable ledger system that ensures the integrity and traceability of financial transactions. This technology reduces the risk of fraud and
corruption, providing a transparent and accountable framework for financial reporting. Despite these benefits, the study also highlights challenges such as regulatory hurdles, the need for technological infrastructure, and concerns over data privacy and security. The findings suggest that the combined use of Fintech, ESG reporting, and blockchain technology has the potential to significantly improve financial transparency and accountability, provided that these challenges are
addressed. This research offers valuable insights for financial institutions,
policymakers, and technology developers aiming to enhance financial practices through innovative solutions.

In the contemporary business landscape, the rapid pace of technological advancement has become a critical
factor in determining organizational success and sustainability. Companies must adapt to emerging
technologies to remain competitive in an ever-changing market. This paper explores the impact of technological
innovation on accounting and corporate finance, tracing their evolution from early stages to modern
advancements while assessing associated benefits and challenges. Understanding the history and progression
of accounting practices is vital for future professionals, as it provides essential insights into the profession’s
development and equips them to manage the complexities of today’s financial landscape. Modern accounting
innovations have enhanced efficiency and accuracy, contributing to a more dynamic and adaptive financial
environment. The study highlights challenges faced by organizations in adopting new technologies across
various industries and sectors. The integration process requires that members of these organizations be wellprepared to leverage innovations effectively, ensuring improved performance and operational efficiency. By
addressing these challenges, the paper enhances academic understanding of the technological landscape in
finance, equipping future practitioners with tools to navigate professional obstacles. This knowledge
contributes to professional growth and aligns with broader objectives of promoting financial stability and
operational excellence within organizations.

sido desarrollado respetando derechos intelectuales de terceros conforme las citas que constan al pie de las páginas correspondientes, cuyas fuentes se incorporan en la bibliografía. Consecuentemente este trabajo es de nuestra total autoría. En virtud de esta declaración, nos responsabilizamos del contenido, veracidad y alcance científico del Trabajo de Titulación referido. Guayaquil, a los 9 del mes de septiembre del año 2014 LOS AUTORES

Blokzinciri, merkeziyetsizliği şeffaf şekilde yansıtmayı ve üçüncü tarafları aradan çıkararak, gerek eşler arası (P2P) işlemleri gerekse değiştirilemez kayıtların elde edilmesini amaçlayan bir teknolojidir. Bir konsensüs protokolü, katılımcıları konsensüs kurallarının uygulanmasında işbirliği yapmaya zorlayarak blokzinciri üzerindeki kontrolü merkezsizleştiren bir algoritmadır. Çeşitli konsensüs protokolleri koşularak oluşturulan silinemez kayıtlar, şirketlerin, devletlerin ve bireylerin özel verileri olabilir. Blokzinciri platformu verileri saklar, korur ve hatta aracısız şekilde iletilmesini ve doğruluklarının ispatlanabilmesini sağlar. Her protokol ve blokzinciri platformu iş sahasına ve konusuna, proje yapısına ve kullanım fonksiyonlarının özelliklerine göre özelleştirilir. Son zamanlarda, blokzinciri kavramı pek çok iş sahasına uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle tedarik zinciri blokzinciri teknolojisinin odak noktalarından biridir. Gıda taşımacılığı ise tedarik zincirinin önemli bir ayağıdır. Bu araştırmada iletişim içinde olan iki ayrık zincire sahip HOX blokzincirinin ve üzerinde çalışan Proof of Meet (PoM) konsensüs protokolünün gıda taşımacılığı sektöründe nasıl kullanılacağı gösterilecektir. Ayrıca, herhangi bir enerji tüketimine ihtiyaç duymadan sektör çalışanlarının ve görevlilerinin çalışma performansı ve emeğine karşılık olarak adil ve merkezsiz şekilde ödüllendirildiği PoM modelinin diğer konsensüs protokolleriyle karşılaştırarak gıda taşımacılığı sektöründeki bir uygulaması verir.

This journal explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with smart contract- enabled blockchain technology to create a decentralized and robust platform for modeling microeconomic activity and assessing the economic health of a country. By leveraging AI’s predictive capabilities and blockchain’s transparency, immutability, and automation, this solution addresses inefficiencies in traditional economic models and enhances real-time analysis of consumer behavior, production efficiency, and market dynamics. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the importance of grounding this framework in the rich history of economic thought, using foundational theories to refine the proposed system. This historical perspective ensures that the integration of emerging technologies respects and builds upon the intellectual traditions of economics. The paper outlines the theoretical framework, technological architecture, historical context, practical applications, and implications for policymakers, economists, and researchers. ---

This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and a blockchain-of-blockchains architecture to model and manage macroeconomic activity on a global scale. By connecting microeconomic smart contracts from individual countries into a decentralized macroeconomic framework, the system enables robust global economic analysis, real-time policy simulation, and coordination of monetary policies. The blockchain-of-blockchains approach allows each country to maintain sovereignty over its microeconomic data while contributing to a global economic network governed by decentralized consensus. We propose a digital global reserve currency, managed by AI and smart contracts, to facilitate international trade and stabilize financial systems. The journal also emphasizes the importance of incorporating historical economic thought to maintain theoretical and ethical integrity. This system has profound implications for global monetary policy, economic health assessment, and cooperative governance. ---

The concept of "Silk Road 3.0" envisions a transformative pathway for connecting the global North and South by leveraging innovation, technology, and sustainable development. This modern iteration of the ancient Silk Road is designed to bridge the economic and developmental gaps between these regions through collaborative projects that foster economic growth, enhance technological exchange, and promote inclusive development. By focusing on key sectors such as digital transformation, green energy, infrastructure, and education, Silk Road 3.0 seeks to create a mutually beneficial relationship between the industrialized nations of the North and the emerging economies of the South. This initiative highlights the potential for innovation-driven partnerships that support economic diversification, strengthen trade relations, and contribute to the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. As an evolving economic corridor, Silk Road 3.0 is positioned to catalyze a new era of global cooperation, where innovation and economic growth are harnessed for the benefit of all nations, leading to shared prosperity and a sustainable future.

This paper discusses and informs the people regarding the applications of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in the field of Supply Chain Management (SCM). This furthermore discusses things about the basic components of SCM and the factors to be considered when adapting technology in this area. This paper also discussed related studies that were conducted showing how WSN helps SCM. Lastly, this paper talked about the advantages of using WSNs.

This study examines the integration of blockchain technology and machine
learning (ML) to enhance financial transaction security, with a focus on fraud
detection, data privacy, and operational transparency. The study explores the
combined capabilities of blockchain’s decentralized ledger and ML’s predictive
analytics in securing financial transactions. A systematic review was conducted,
sourcing relevant studies from academic databases where literature resources
are stored, such as IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ,
and SCImago. 3037 study papers were collected from those academic databases.
After screening and testing eligibility, 137 papers were selected to conduct this
study. Studies covering blockchain, ML, and their collaborative impact on
financial security were selected, classified, and analyzed. Comparative analysis
methods highlighted both the strengths and limitations of this dual-technology
approach. Results indicate that blockchain’s immutability and transparency,
alongside ML’s data-driven fraud detection capabilities, create a robust
framework for transaction security. Blockchain effectively ensures data
integrity and transparency, while ML algorithms improve fraud detection and
decision-making through real-time data analysis. However, challenges such as
scalability, high energy consumption, and high implementation costs persist,
limiting adoption in small and medium-sized institutions. The combined
application of blockchain and ML presents a transformative potential for
financial sectors, particularly in enhancing transaction integrity, regulatory
compliance, and risk management. This framework can serve as a model across
various industries beyond finance, including government and non-financial
organizations, to foster a secure transaction environment. This study primarily
relies on qualitative data and lacks empirical validation through quantitative
measures. Further, blockchain’s energy-intensive nature and ML’s data
dependency pose obstacles to widespread implementation, especially in
resource-constrained settings. Future research should aim at developing costeffective and energy-efficient blockchain and ML solutions to support broader
adoption. Additionally, advancements in quantum computing and AI-driven
blockchain could address existing security vulnerabilities, making the
technology more accessible and scalable.

Blockchain technology has emerged as a revolutionary tool for transforming business operations across industries. For start-ups, blockchain offers solutions for enhancing transparency, streamlining processes, and ensuring data integrity. This paper explores the application of blockchain technology in start-ups, emphasizing its role in operational best practices, establishing standard operating procedures, and managing company budgets and forecasts. By integrating blockchain, start-ups can leverage its decentralized and secure architecture to gain competitive advantages and drive innovation

Technology innovation played important role in human life. The creation of Bitcoin in 2008 has changed the concept of a payment system, which is currently control by the central bank. This research aims to find out what is the "possible future" role of the central bank in Indonesia in conjunction with the use of cryptocurrency as payment. The research is normative legal research. It conducted literature research through "google machine". Data collected were secondary data, which consisted of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. Content analysis was conducted to reduce the collected data to become only the most relevant and reliable data. Selected data were analyzed using the qualitative method to answer the purpose of the research. The result found that the creation of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies reduced the role of the Central Bank. Scholars suggested that the central bank creates its cryptocurrency. The regulations shall start on how the cryptocurrency can be created, the way cryptocurrency can be transferred, the place and process of selling and buying cryptocurrency, and the use of cryptocurrency as payment. Meanwhile, other research results were introducing on how to make the central bank's cryptocurrency; this research was the first to introduce the new role of the central bank to supervise the use of cryptocurrency as payment. The supervision that took place through the issuance of the central bank's regulations is required to avoid money laundering.

Technology innovation played important role in human life. The creation of Bitcoin in 2008 has changed the concept of a payment system, which is currently control by the central bank. This research aims to find out what is the "possible future" role of the central bank in Indonesia in conjunction with the use of cryptocurrency as payment. The research is normative legal research. It conducted literature research through "google machine". Data collected were secondary data, which consisted of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. Content analysis was conducted to reduce the collected data to become only the most relevant and reliable data. Selected data were analyzed using the qualitative method to answer the purpose of the research. The result found that the creation of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies reduced the role of the Central Bank. Scholars suggested that the central bank creates its cryptocurrency. The regulations shall start on how the cryptocurrency can be created, the way cryptocurrency can be transferred, the place and process of selling and buying cryptocurrency, and the use of cryptocurrency as payment. Meanwhile, other research results were introducing on how to make the central bank's cryptocurrency; this research was the first to introduce the new role of the central bank to supervise the use of cryptocurrency as payment. The supervision that took place through the issuance of the central bank's regulations is required to avoid money laundering.

This paper explores the ethical challenges and opportunities of  using blockchain technology in healthcare,emphasizing the need for responsible design. Blockchain can not only improve data security, transpar-ency, and patient trust but also raises concerns about inequality, access, and unintended consequences. The author proposes an ethical framework to guide the development and use of  blockchain in healthcare, ensuring it aligns with principles like fairness, inclusivity, and accountability. By involving diverse stake-holders  and  prioritizing  human-centric  design,  this  study  aims  to  foster  innovation  that  benefits  while  minimizing  harm.  The  findings  highlight  the  importance  of  considering  equity  and  societal  impact  in  healthcare technology.

We are witnessing an unprecedented convergence of  scientific discoveries, technology innovations, exponential adoption of  technology, and remarkable population demographic shifts towards a digitally native society. The Nobel Prizes in medicine, chemistry, and physics awarded this year further validate the profound impact of  technology on healthcare and life sciences. For 2025, designated by the United Nations as The Year of  Quan-tum Technology, we envision further technology-driven innovations in all domains, triggering the transition to a novel health ecosystem. The role of  artificial technology in modern drug development, the demand for quantum-proof  encryption,  and  the  opportunities  of  blockchain  in  health  data  monetization  are  all  trends  that can be disruptive for pharma, healthcare, and healthcare finance.

Maintaining cross-border payrolls is a major challenge for multinationals to comply with laws while being secure, transparent, and agile. This article examines blockchain technology to simplify and secure cross-border payroll payments and regional tax compliance. In this paper, we propose a decentralized blockchain-based payroll solution, which offers usability at the level of real-time transaction transparency, automation of compliance checks, and secure data sharing, allowing different entities separated by geographical distance to engage in payroll transactions seamlessly. The payroll business logic and the tax rules per jurisdiction are encoded in smart contracts. We show a reference implementation over the Ethereum blockchain platform, including performance and security guarantees. Research shows payroll processing time for running a global enterprise falls by 73%, whilst compliance deficits are minimized by 82% and auditability across all branches of the business soars through the roof. Global enterprise could use the blockchain to simplify cross-border payroll and improve business efficiency.

This study explains the relationship between inbound tourism and economic wellbeing in top tourism-receiving countries by employing annual data from 1995 to 2019. Four models have been considered for the study: total sample, high-income, middle-income, and lower-income group countries. Based on Westerlund panel cointegration, generalised method of moments (GMM), and pooled mean group (PMG) methods, the empirical results confirm a long-run relationship between economic well-being and inbound tourism in all the models. The results show that in both the overall and higher, middle, and lower-income groups' models, inbound tourism significantly impacts economic well-being in top tourism-receiving countries.

Blockchain technology represents a groundbreaking innovation in data management and security. By utilizing decentralized, transparent, and immutable ledgers, it eliminates the need for intermediaries and enhances trust across various sectors. This paper explores the scope, current and future applications, its transformative impact on financial systems and information security, participation pathways, and its technical underpinnings. Additionally, the document discusses its application in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and emerging domains, offering a comprehensive guide to understanding and leveraging blockchain technology.

This December 2019 Special Issue focuses on enterprise blockchain applications, particularly the strategic opportunities they create and the ways to overcome the management challenges that might arise. We foresee that the collection of papers in this issue, combined with two previous MISQ Executive articles 1 on enterprise blockchains, will not only inform practice, but also serve as insightful readings for business courses and research studies. In this editorial, we first provide a brief history of blockchains and an overview of blockchain fundamentals to enable the readers to better understand the six papers in the special issue. Then, we summarize the special issue articles and highlight the contributions each makes. Brief history of blockchains Public solutions. By now, most people are familiar with Bitcoin, the first live blockchain application. Satoshi Nakamoto launched Bitcoin in January 2009. 2 Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer payment application. It uses cryptography, computer algorithms, and behavioral incentives to verify, secure, and permanently store any transfers of value on a single ledger. This ledger is copied and distributed to all the active nodes in the network (about 10,000 nodes as of this writing). Bitcoin has its roots in Libertarian and Cypherpunk values, which aim to bypass governments and large financial institutions. No one person, enterprise, or government owns or controls it. Many other like-minded blockchain networks were launched, such as Litecoin, Monero, Ethereum, and Zcash. These are all "public-permissionless" blockchain applications, indicating that anyone can transact

In the rapidly evolving landscape of logistics and supply chain management, the integration of advanced technologies has become imperative to enhance efficiency and accuracy. This paper introduces an IoT-Based Warehouse Management System that leverages Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and Firebase Cloud platform to revolutionize inventory management in modern warehouses. By integrating these technologies, the system achieves real-time data synchronization, automated inventory tracking, and enhanced visibility, thereby addressing the limitations of traditional warehouse management systems. The implementation of this system demonstrates significant improvements in operational efficiency, inventory accuracy, and scalability, making it a robust solution for various industries. The paper also discusses the system's architecture, methodology, and preliminary results, highlighting its potential to transform warehouse operations

Blockchain-based smart contract crowdfunding platforms are transforming the fundraising sector by offering a decentralised, open, and safe way to raise money. These systems use distributed ledger technology from the blockchain to provide tamperproof records of all transactions, guaranteeing the security and transparency of all financial processes. Automating fundraising efforts makes it possible to control the transfer of cash by using smart contracts, self-executing digital contracts that enforce the terms of the agreement. This lessens the need for intermediaries like banks and attorneys and takes away the chance of fraud. By encrypting transactions and storing them on a decentralised network, blockchain technology also offers a high level of security, making it nearly difficult to hack or change the data.Moreover, contributors may monitor how their contributions are being used because to the platform's openness, which guarantees that money are being used for the intended purpose. Overall, blockchain-based smart contract crowdfunding systems have several advantages over conventional fundraising techniques, including transparency, security, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency.

Blockchain technology is emerging as a transformative solution for enhancing transparency, accuracy, and security in aircraft maintenance logs and recordkeeping. This paper explores how blockchain addresses inefficiencies in traditional maintenance documentation, provides a framework for implementation, and discusses its potential to improve safety, compliance, and operational efficiency. Challenges and future prospects of blockchain adoption in aviation maintenance are also examined.