This paper deals with the performance analysis of both linear (LE) and widely linear (WLE) equalization processes studied in the symbol spaced mode (SSE) as well as in the fractionally spaced one (FSE). This analysis is evaluated -using... more
This paper explores the impact of impairments such as phase noise (PN), additive white gaussian noise (AWGN), and in-phase and quadrature (IQ) imbalance distortions in corrupting transmitted signals across a point-to-point terahertz (THz)... more
Today technological process makes possible surface control of producing parts which is needful for product quality guarantee. Geometrical structure of part surface includes form, proportion, accuracy to shape, accuracy to size, alignment... more
In this paper, two cooperative communications schemes with inter-relay interference (IRI) management are proposed for wireless multiuser decode-and-forward (DF) relay networks. The schemes are based on a DF half-duplex (HD) relaying... more
The great social and economic impact of earthquakes has made necessary the development of novel structural health monitoring (SHM) solutions for increasing the level of structural safety and assessment. SHM is the process of comparing the... more
Wireless communications has become one of the fastest growing areas in our modern life and creates enormous impact on nearly every feature of our daily life. In this paper, the performance of M-ary modulations schemes (MPSK, MQAM, MFSK)... more
![Figure 1 Block diagram of digital communication system based on M-ary (MPSK, MQAM MEFSK) modulation scheme. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of presented communication system model utilizing M-ary (MPSK, MQAM, MFSK) modulation scheme. This is a point-to point communication system model [8]. The figure indicates the step by step operation of each functional block. At the transmitter side, the input binary data stream obtained from the recorded voice signal. The retrieved binary data stream is passed through the other required steps (source of encoder channel coder) as the signal has to transmit. Our main observation is concentrated to the nex block (M-array modulator) of the considered communication system model where we were planned to vary the modulation order of different modulation schemes to analysis thei performances. The performance and characteristics of a system is significantly depended on the choice of digital modulation scheme. There is no basic rule for choosing a scheme. However one scheme is better than other depending of the channel, required levels of performance anc arget hardware trade-offs [9]. Nevertheless, it also must be considered the required data rate atency, link budget as well as available bandwidth. At the receiver side, the received signal is demodulated, and passed through the other subsequent blocks in order to reproduce the transmitted speech signal.](https://figures.academia-assets.com/110394103/figure_001.jpg)
![The closed forms of Eq.(1) are equations (3) and (4) for first and second approximation, respectively. These equations can be applied to calculate the error probability in terms of SNR per bit. It is necessary to increase the transmitted power in order to maintain the same performance level for higher M. But we can not say the Eq.(1) is a closed form. Therefore, we have to calculate it numerically, which is not so easy. To do this, we have to take some approximations to calculate the error probability. If we apply union boundary conditions and variants then the Eq.(1) can be written aa 3.2. Error probability of MQAM The bit error probability Pyg4m for M-ary QAM modulation scheme is given by [10, 11]](https://figures.academia-assets.com/110394103/figure_002.jpg)
![Figure 4: Reproduction of transmitted voice at receiving end for the value of EbDNo=6dB after transmitting through AWGN channel [a) MPSK, b) MQAM, c) MFSK for M=2].](https://figures.academia-assets.com/110394103/figure_006.jpg)
![Figure 6: Reproduction of transmitted voice at receiving end for the value of EoDNo=6dB after transmitting through AWGN channel [a) MPSK, b) MQAM, c) MFSK for M=4].](https://figures.academia-assets.com/110394103/figure_007.jpg)
![International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications IJCSEA) Vol.1, No.3, June 2011 Figure 8: Reproduction of transmitted voice signal at receiving end for the value of EbNo=6dB after transmitting through AWGN channel [a) MPSK, b)MQAM, c)MFSK for M=16].](https://figures.academia-assets.com/110394103/figure_008.jpg)
Self-absorption of spectral lines is known to lower the performance of analytical measurements via calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. However, the error growth due to this effect is not clearly assessed. Here we... more
In this paper, we propose an asymmetric adaptive modulation scheme for a heterogeneous two-way relay network (TWRN). In this scheme, due to the heterogeneity of the TWRN, different modulation schemes with different bit rates are assigned... more
The growth of wireless communication technologies has been producing the intense demand for high-speed, efficient, reliable voice & data communication. As a result, third generation partnership project (3GPP) has implemented next... more
In this work, the authors have explored the average bit error rate (BER) and ergodic capacity (EC) of a frequencyselective channel consisting of multi-hop and multi-branch (MHMB). Each hop consists of multiple paths and signal travels in... more
V pričujoči magistrski nalogi se ukvarjamo z analizo strojnih prevodov, opravljenim s prevajalnikom Google za jezikovni par angleščina-slovenščina. Prevajalnik Google je zgrajen po modelu umetnih nevronskih mrež, ki po strukturi obdelave... more
In this paper, we analyze the performance of a new cooperative diversity scheme based on best relay selection with interferences at relay nodes, only relay node can be affected by interference. For the selection scenario, only a best... more
In this paper, we investigate the performance of selecting the best protocol between amplify and forward (AF) and decode and forward (DF) in multiple relay networks with multiple interferences at relays. In the selection scheme, the best... more
As a benefit of sophisticated interference cancelation 4 techniques, full-duplex (FD) transceiver design may become feasi-5 ble, even possibly on the aggressive timescale of fifth-generation 6 (5G) wireless communication systems. Hence,... more
The biggest challenge for natural language processing systems is to accurately identify and classify the handwritten characters. Accurate Handwritten Character recognition is a challenging task for humans too as the style, size and other... more
The growth of wireless communication technologies has been producing the intense demand for high-speed, efficient, reliable voice & data communication. As a result, third generation partnership project (3GPP) has implemented next... more
For high data rate ultra wideband communication system, performance comparison of Rake, MMSE and Rake-MMSE receivers is attempted in this paper. Further a detail study on Rake-MMSE time domain equalizers is carried out taking into account... more
Cooperative communication describes strategies to transfer the data from a source to a destination by employing relay nodes between them. It is considered as one of the most efficient techniques to overcome fading in wireless networks... more
Cooperative communications is a promising technology to improve the performance of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a novel relay selection scheme combined with feedback and adaptive forwarding in cooperative... more
In this paper, we study multi-hop cooperative transmission protocols using fountain codes. The proposed protocols can reduce the end-to-end delay and number of stages compared to those in conventional multi-hop transmission. Various... more
The measurement of parts roundness is a very important for manufacturing industry (for crankshafts, camshafts, bearings and guides measurement). The manner of determining the form deviations influences the accuracy and functionality of... more
Self-absorption of spectral lines is known to lower the performance of analytical measurements via calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. However, the error growth due to this effect is not clearly assessed. Here we... more
![Table 1: Electron density n,, plasma temperature T, and plasma diam- eter along the line of sight L, deduced from the spectra analysis (see SM 2.2). The calculation of the spectral radiance according to eq | is implemented in an iterative measurement proce- dure that allows us to deduce the plasma properties in- cluding the elemental composition from the best agree- ment between measured and computed spectra [20].](https://figures.academia-assets.com/92557394/table_001.jpg)
The cooperative communication becomes an important research topic in the field of wireless communication technique to improve the speed and reliability of communication over long distance and curvbed surface. The distance is increasing... more
Wireless communications has become one of the fastest growing areas in our modern life and creates enormous impact on nearly every feature of our daily life. In this paper, the performance of M-ary modulations schemes (MPSK, MQAM, MFSK)... more
The bit error rate (BER) performance analysis of maximum-likelihood (ML) based decode and forward (DF) cooperative diversity systems has been a subject of consid- erable interest. Exact analysis of ML-DF transmission has been considered a... more
In this paper we derive a general and closedform expression for the bit error probability of square M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) for a Rayleigh fading channel.
This study proposes a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to model the Rainfall-Intensity-Duration-Frequency (RIDF) relationship. The study is carried out under two scenarios. In scenario I, a data set with a length of 50 years is... more
In this paper we analyze the symbol error probability (SEP) of a cooperative multihop parallel relay network in Rayleigh fading channels for-ary Phase-shift keying (-PSK) modulation. The general closed form expression of the SEP is... more
The growth of wireless communication technologies has been producing the intense demand for high-speed, efficient, reliable voice & data communication. As a result, third generation partnership project (3GPP) has implemented next... more
Recent theoretical studies of communication systems show much interest on high-level modulation, such as M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM), and most related works are based on the simulations. In this paper, a simulation model... more
![increases. This is due to the proportional relation between the signal power and the noise variance [14] which relation is implemented in the AWGN Channel block (see Fig. 1). Figure 3. Constellation diagram of 64-QAM for Eb/No=100 dB and PNLD= = -60 dBc/Hz.](https://figures.academia-assets.com/86263921/figure_003.jpg)
![The constellation diagram displayed by the first Scatter Plot Scope! in Fig. 8 is almost the same as the original constellation diagram that is shown in [1]. The similarity is due to the high value of the Eb/No ratio in the channel (Eb/No=100 dB). Figure 8. Constellation diagram of 256-QAM for Eb/No=100 dB and without the presence of phase noise.](https://figures.academia-assets.com/86263921/figure_008.jpg)
![The dependence of the BER on Eb/No ratio for different values of the input signal power is also examined. The value of the input signal power is varied from 0.5 W to 4 W. With each variation, the model is simulated. The set of the simulated BER curves for values [0.5 1 2 4] W of the input signal power is presented in Fig. 11. It can be seen in Fig. 11 that with increasing the input signal power, the BER also increases. This is due to the proportional relation between the signal power and the noise variance [14] which is equivalent to proportionality between the signal power and BER ratio. The numerical results, obtained with Eb/No=18 dB and PNLD = -60 dBc/Hz, show that the increase of the input signal power from 0.5 W to 4 W, results in an increase of the BER value from 1.3095E-4 to 5.8251E-2.](https://figures.academia-assets.com/86263921/figure_010.jpg)
33 www.ijeas.org Abstract— Cylindrical parts are critical elements in many engineering equipment. To perform correctly, their dimensions and cylindricity should be within specified tolerances. Cylindrical parts can be checked using... more
![Figure 1 Cylindricity extraction strategies: a- bird cage, b- roundness profile, c- generatix, d- points, and e-helical convergence than GA does. Extraction strategies include; Bird-cage extraction strategy, Roundness profile extraction strategy, Generatrix extraction strategy, Points extraction strategy, and helical strategy (Figure 1). When extraction is made by any of the above strategies, only a limited number of sample points of the cylinder are considered [15, 17]. For this reason and because of different instrument designs and specific implementation of the strategies, differences may occur in the measurement results unless care is taken to select a set of points which, for the purpose of the specific assessment, is adequate to represent the cylindrical feature. Barini E. M., et al [18] considered uncertainty analysis during the measurement of complex surfaces using point-by-point sampling on a tactile CMM. The authors studied the effect of four important factors on the uncertainty; sampling density, measurement strategy, probe configuration, and alignment. The study proved that the main factors affecting the results are measurement strategy, sampling density and the interaction of both factors. Vrba, I., et al [19] investigated the manner in which the sampling strategy and the evaluation method influence the assessment of cylindricity error on a coordinate measuring machine. The two parameters considered are sampling strategy and cylindricity evaluation methods. It was concluded that sampling strategy has much greater influence on estimated cylindricity error than the evaluation method.](https://figures.academia-assets.com/85556255/figure_001.jpg)
Water crises is one of the most important problem of current era, as a huge amount of water wasted every year especially in residential and industrial. Improper timings and extensive electric consumption are one of the hectic issues faced... more
3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme.
In this paper, we investigate the performance of selecting the best protocol between amplify and forward (AF) and decode and forward (DF) in multiple relay networks with multiple interferences at relays. In the selection scheme, the best... more
3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme.
Digital technologies are transforming the field of medical training, simulation and modeling. Advances in the field of virtual Augmented Reality (AR) and virtual simulation are described in detail, particularly as they relate to medical... more
Exact-form results are presented for integrals involving higher-order power of the one dimensional Gaussian Q-function over identical and nonidentically distributed multichannel Rayleigh fading with maximal ratio combining (MRC). The... more
Reliable vehicular communications is fast becoming a necessity. Vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, which is critical for safety, is often interrupted when vehicles travel in tunnels. Leaky Feeder (LF) or radiating cable have... more
![Figure 3. Simulation for a mathematical model of the multipath impulse response. The base band impulse response can be written as [14] where 4 (t), T; (t), and 0; (t) are random variables expressing indicate the amplitude, excess delay, and phase shift of multiple paths, respective to the reference path /. In addition, L is the number of multipath components at the measurement instant. 6(.) represents the Dirac delta function. The received signal is given bv](https://figures.academia-assets.com/77586938/figure_003.jpg)
![where gQAmM = sa. Simon and Divsalar in [17], generalized the alternative representation of the Gaussian Q function to the two-dimensional case and showed in particular so the conditional probability P (E \ {7} )-1") under the AWGN channel can be written as](https://figures.academia-assets.com/77586938/figure_004.jpg)
For high data rate ultra wideband communication system, performance comparison of Rake, MMSE and Rake-MMSE receivers is attempted in this paper. Further a detail study on Rake-MMSE time domain equalizers is carried out taking into account... more
Motivated by recent works involving multi-antenna fixed relay cooperation, this paper investigates the performance of fixed multi-antenna relay networks, where the source node communicates with the destination node via two fixed... more
Researchers are developing more applications based on Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare services. Proper health care services are the major requirements now a days due to constant increase in the population. These days a major... more
For high data rate ultra wideband communication system, performance comparison of Rake, MMSE and Rake-MMSE receivers is attempted in this paper. Further a detail study on Rake-MMSE time domain equalizers is carried out taking into account... more
Wireless communications has become one of the fastest growing areas in our modern life and creates enormous impact on nearly every feature of our daily life. In this paper, the performance of M-ary modulations schemes (MPSK, MQAM, MFSK)... more
The aim of this paper is to show how cooperation among nodes of a wireless network can be useful to reduce the overall radiated power necessary to guarantee reliable links among the network nodes. The basic idea is that if the links... more
Wireless communications has become one of the fastest growing areas in our modern life and creates enormous impact on nearly every feature of our daily life. In this paper, the performance of M-ary modulations schemes (MPSK, MQAM, MFSK)... more