Biometrics And Identity

Gait recognition is a technique that identifies or verifies people based upon their walking patterns. Smartwatches, which contain an accelerometer and gyroscope have recently been used to implement gait-based biometrics. However, this prior work relied upon data from single sessions for both training and testing, which is not realistic and can lead to overly optimistic performance results. This paper aims to remedy some of these problems by training and evaluating a smartwatch-based biometric system on data obtained from different days. Also, it proposes an advanced feature selection approach to identify optimal features for each user. Two experiments are presented under three different scenarios: Same-Day, Mixed-Day, and Cross-Day. Competitive results were achieved (best EERs of 0.13% and 3.12% by using the Same day data for accelerometer and gyroscope respectively and 0.69% and 7.97% for the same sensors under the Cross-Day evaluation. The results show that the technology is sufficiently capable and the signals captured sufficiently discriminative to be useful in performing gait recognition.

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The term 'biometrics' refers to a measurable characteristic that is unique to an individual such as fingerprints, facial structure, the iris or a person's voice. In recent years, there have been rise in the number of applications based on fingerprint based biometric systems and have been successfully applied to different areas as diverse as transportation, health-care, agriculture, and hospitality industry to name a few. In this paper, an attempt is made to solve recurrent lecture attendance monitoring problem in developing countries using fingerprint based biometric technology that records the attendance of the student by using a hand held fingerprint sensor. The application of fingerprint based biometric to student attendance monitoring as developed and deployed in this study is capable of eliminating time wasted during manual collection of attendance, improves the reliability of the attendance records and an opportunity for the educational administrators to capture classroom statistics for allocation of appropriate attendance scores and for further managerial decisions(Karthik, SI, BN, & Adler, 2015 ).

Effective management of projects is increasingly becoming important for organisations to remain competitive in today's dynamic business environment. The use of benchmarking is widening as a technique for supporting project management. Benchmarking is the search of best practices that will lead to superior performance in some business activity. Benchmarking has been recognised as one of the most responsive evaluation tool for performance improvement within organisations by creating a culture of continuous improvement from learning best management practices. This paper presents how benchmarking principles can be applied to improve project management process and performance. The benefits and challenges of benchmarking management of projects are also discussed.

Identifying attackers is a major apprehension to both organizations and governments. Recently, the most used applications for prevention or detection of attacks are intrusion detection systems. Biometrics technology is simply the measurement and use of the unique characteristics of living humans to distinguish them from one another and it is more useful as compare to passwords and tokens as they can be lost or stolen so we have choose the technique biometric authentication. The biometric authentication provides the ability to require more instances of authentication in such a quick and easy manner that users are not bothered by the additional requirements. In this paper, we have given a brief introduction about biometrics. Then we have given the information regarding the intrusion detection system and finally we have proposed a method which is based on fingerprint recognition which would allow us to detect more efficiently any abuse of the computer system that is running.

The focal point of security is preventing unauthorized access or loss of customer or company data. Texas Instruments proposes these solution components for activating biometric security of a technological infrastructure. Methods and documented standards are being developed, as biometrics is a newcomer to the cyber security scene. The National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) declared that interoperability is the cornerstone of success for biometrics and deployment requires both national and international standards. Standards have been developed but, rapid innovations coupled with the unconditional data interchange formats and technical interference, result in products that don’t meet established standards.

Fish identification is crucial for the survival of our threatened fish species. In this paper, a novel and robust biometric-based approach was proposed to identify fish species. The proposed approach consists of three phases. In the first phase, different features were extracted from fish images. In this phase, Weber's Local Descriptor (WLD) and color moments were used to extract texture and color features, respectively. Due to the high di-mensionality of WLD features, in the second phase, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was applied to reduce the number of features and to discriminate between different classes. In the third phase, the AdaBoost classifier was used to identify fish species. We have collected a dataset that consists of four classes/species. To validate the results of the AdaBoost classifier, a comparison between three well-known classifiers (Naive Bayesian, k-Nearest Neighbor, and Multilayer Perceptron) was performed. The experimental results proved that our approach achieved excellent results (approximately 96.4%). Moreover, our model has been tested against different real challenges such as image rotation and image translation, and the proposed model achieved promising results.

Vehicle registration and licensing systems have been in existence for decades. However, there has been over 55% increase in the number of reported stolen vehicles which have not been recovered in the last 3 years. Therefore, there is need to improve on its existing systems by incorporating anti-theft capability of vehicles using fingerprint biometric technology. In developing the Secured Vehicle Registration System (SVRS), data on vehicle registration, renewal and change of ownership procedures were collected from the Motor Licensing Office at Osogbo. Unified Modelling Language (UML) tools was used for the system design, to illustrate the whole system in a clearer way, and implemented using JavaScript, PHP scripting language, HTML, XAMPP SQLServer and the Mantra MFS100 fingerprint scanner. The system performance was evaluated by authenticating registered vehicle owner biometric to calculate the Accuracy, Average Response Time (ART) and Apdex Score. The result of the evaluation using 288 fingerprint templates of 72 vehicle owners shows the False Accept Rate (FAR) of 0.0% and False Reject Rate (FRR) of 2.1%, which is equivalent to a system accuracy of 97.9%. The ART for the fingerprint execution matching is 36.3 microseconds while the overall system satisfaction Apdex score recorded was 0.73, which denotes a satisfying system. The high-speed verification method uses the lowest computational power and execution time to deliver accurate results through making a match or non-match against stored templates. The developed system demonstrated its ability to link vehicle(s) to its respective owner(s) and also function as an automatic identity verification system for vehicle owners using VIN and fingerprint. The system has the ability to be employed for preventing fraudulent change of ownership and also help reduce delay in processing vehicle license.

The problem of voting is still critical in terms of safety and security. This paper deals with the design and development of a web-based voting system using cloud computing and aadhaar card in order to provide a high performance with high security to the voting system. We also use web technology to make the voting system practical. The proposed Online Voting System allows the voters to authenticate using aadhaar no which is then matched with an already saved within a database that is retrieved from aadhaar card database of the government. The voting system is managed in a simpler way as all the users must login by aadhaar card number and password and click on his/her favorable candidates to cast the vote. This will increase the voting percentage in India and reduces the cost of voting process. By using aadhaar card identification it provides enough security which reduces the false votes.

This article analyses the development of three EU migration databases and their significance for the internal control of irregular migrants. Because borders and immigration policy alone cannot stop irregular migration, many governments turn to internal migration control on settled irregular migrants. Surveillance of this group is aimed at their exclusion from key societal institutions, discouraging their stay and ultimately, the deportation of apprehended irregular migrants. These are policies in which identification of irregular migrants is crucial. In this age, registration and identification mean computerized and networked databases. The member states of the EU are currently developing a network of databases in the field of (irregular) immigration. The Schengen Information System (II), the Eurodac database and the Visa Information System are vast databases, often including biometric data, aimed at controlling migration flows and identifying and sorting legal and irregular migrants. These systems are able to ‘re-identify’ parts of the population of irregular migrants on the basis of digital traces of their migration history. It is argued that the digital infrastructure that is now growing past its infancy is developing into a formidable tool for the surveillance of irregular migrants in Europe.

A biometric passport, also known as an e-passport, ePassport or a digital passport, is a combined paper and electronic passport that contains biometric information that can be used to authenticate the identity of travelers. It uses contactless smart card technology, including a microprocessor chip (computer chip) and antenna (for both power to the chip and communication) embedded in the front or back cover, or center page, of the passport. Electronic passports include contactless chip which stores personal data of the passport holder, information about the passport and the issuing institution. In its simplest form an electronic passport contains just a collection of read-only files, more advanced variants can include sophisticated cryptographic mechanisms protecting security of the document and / or privacy of the passport holder. The passport's critical information is both printed on the data page of the passport and stored in the chip. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is used t...

The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of
user acceptance of Biometric Technologies (BT) at outdoor
music festivals in the United Kingdom. While research on such
technologies, such as facial recognition is limited in the events
context, they have already been deployed at music festivals to
deal with issues of security, safety and crowd management.
Using an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), a
self-administered questionnaire was completed by young
adults in the United Kingdom who had previously been to a
music festival. The study found factors such as privacy, reliability and accuracy did not have a significant impact on user
acceptance. Other factors, such as trust, compatibility and convenience were found to have a significant positive impact on
perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and attitude to
use. As the findings indicate that accuracy and privacy do not
impact BT acceptance, the paper explores how organizers can
be transparent and accountable as to their intentions to use
BT, so as to justify the usefulness of BT to attendees, artists,
regulators and authorities.

Population increase, complex government service expansion and urgency for effective public service delivery to the citizens have made the application of Information and Communication Technologies for development of public service delivery increasingly indispensable to any nation. This is the epoch of e-governance and administration, where Information and Communication Technology innovations powered by the combination of hardware and software technologies to produce ease, accuracy, precision, efficiency and effectiveness in control of human and material management of the public. Hence, the efficacy of a national central database cannot be ignored, as researches from various authors have proven that this fosters e-government. Thus, this study proposed a model for the design, implementation, usage and maintenance of Nigerian National Central Database, which will serve as the driven force for the implementation of unified national identity cards, so as to curtail, if not completely exterminate, data multiplication, fraud and impersonation among host of others.

KEYWORDS: Data multiplication, Database, Parastatals, National Identity Card, Security.

ABSTRACT
Employees are the backbone of any company therefore their management plays a major role in deciding the success of an organization. Each employee in the database is associated with a position can be added and edited when need arises. Over the years the process of manual attendance has been carried out which is not only time consuming but also provides erroneous result. Automated time and attendance monitoring system provides many benefits to organizations. This reduces the need of pen and paper based manual attendance tracking system. Following this thought, this paper discussed how employers indirectly gather information on their employees in the workplace. The means used in achieving this aim is through e-monitoring and surveillance. In this project, a finger print module is implemented with the Employee tracking system to register employee data and allow access to the system, with this employers can monitor the attendance system of employees more effectively and from data collected can form a result for each employee.

Reliable identity management must be built with an accurate user identity recognition method. This recognition usually is the core of the authentication method which is the essential part of any identity management system. The authentication must carefully be designed, especially when it is used among different service providers. The authentication is a user identity verifying and protecting mechanism. It consists of three main components, user identity attributes, the verification method, and the log-in mechanism. The log-in component has great impact on authentication, when the user needs to be authenticated to be given access to several service providers. In addition, the verification of the claimed user attributes, involve the decisive role in the authentication because it will produce the final decision of the identity proving process, so it is important to be accurate and intelligent as much as possible. In this paper, a central intelligent biometric authentication approach is proposed; this authentication is based on the Mel-frequency Cepstral coefficients (MFCC) voice attributes, fuzzy classifier, and client-server model as log-in mechanism. The proposed fuzzy classifier depends on the fuzzy set inner product and a predefined threshold. This classifier is designed as an intelligent identity verification method. The experiments show 95.45% accuracy in offline user authentication using ELSDSR dataset.

Biometric data in documents One of the highlighted missions of the European Union is to assure the establishment of the area of freedom, security and justice for the app. 500 million inhabitants residing in twenty eight Member States. For the citizens of the EU the highest priority is the security, what is constantly threatened and " harassed " by – among others – the terrorism, organized crime, drug trafficking, human-trafficking, and the illegal migration as well. One of the leading challenges of the EU, what has to face with is not else than the illegal migration. All the immense efforts taken as well as twenty years of fight against illegal are so far in vain. Those people, who are starving from day to day, fighting for their own survival and living in the deepest poverty, they will not give up, and in the hope for a better life (meaning for them is that they have " only " food for every day and they do not have to see the suffer of their children) they take the road to the unknown, of what it was heard that it is a good place to live. To sustain the security and assure the possibility of free movement it is essential to state and determine the identity both of the EU and third country nationals without doubts. The free movement and stay inside the Schengen area result a new type of challenge, as beside those who entered and stayed illegally, it is essentially to filter out those who entered legally but their staying become illegal. The security requires identifying everybody both at the external borders and inside of the Schengen Area. The question is only that what kind of methods, what kind of controlling mechanisms could reach the security in such a way that the right for free movement of the EU citizens will not be restricted and to respect the personal rights in the meantime. The answer for the method could be the biometrics, what could be defined in the best way like quantifiable physiological and behavioural features, of which measures are suitable to identify an individual person. Consequently the biometrics use those features or capabilities of the human being for identification, what is unique and can be handled by technical equipment. During the biometrical identification these human features can serve for the person identification.

Authentication plays a very critical role in security related applications. This is obvious from the breaches of information systems recorded around the world. This has become a major challenge to ecommerce and many other applications. One of the techniques that is implemented today to improve information security is biometrics, and this is gaining attention as the days go by. Having realized its value, biometrics is used in most systems today for the verification and identification of users as it overcomes the problems of being stolen, borrowed, forged or forgetting. In this paper therefore, we show the origin and types of biometrics, their areas of application, and what to look out for in selecting a biometric technology.

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Biometric verification refers to an automatic verification of a person based on some specific biometric features derived from his/her physiological and/or behavioral characteristics. A biometric verification system has more capability to reliably distinguish between an authorized person and an imposter than the traditional systems that use a card or a password. In biometrics, a person could be recognized based on who he/she is rather than what he/she has (ID card) or what he/she knows (password). Currently, biometrics finds use in ATMs, computers, security installations, mobile phones, credit cards, health and social services. The future in biometrics seems to belong to the multimodal biometrics (a biometric system using more than one biometric feature) as a unimodal biometric system (biometric system using single biometric feature) has to contend with a number of problems. In this paper, a survey of some of the unimodal biometrics will be presented that are either currently in use across a range of environments or those still in limited use or under development, or still in the research realm.

Solved – Fingerprint Enrollment, Verification and Identification Module using DigitalPersona U.are.U 4500 & 4000B in C#., if you have being looking for source code on how do I capture fingerprint in C# by using DigitalPersona 4500 & 4000B SDK or how to use biometric fingerprint scanner in c#, then you are at the right place, because your problem has being solved.

Our Module is very simple and easy to use in accordance with the demands of your application needs. The Module provides more advanced solution, suitable for those who need more freedom in creative. The functions in the module are not too basic, the functions concept are instant, you simply call the functions required for registering and verify fingerprints then the module will do the registration process and verification process without you directly involved in it. The registration process will produce a fingerprint template in a binary format that is easy to be stored in SQL Database and distributed. When you want to identify a finger, the templates are used to compare the fingerprints scanned. You will get the results of the verification whether the same finger or not. Our module will greatly save your time to integrate fingerprint technology into any application required. You can use our module on biometric fingerprint attendance system in c#.

ID2020 and partners launch program to provide digital ID with vaccines
The ID2020 Alliance has launched a new digital identity program at its annual summit in New York, in collaboration with the Government of Bangladesh, vaccine alliance Gavi, and new partners in government, academia, and humanitarian relief.
The program to leverage immunization as an opportunity to establish digital identity was unveiled by ID2020 in partnership with the Bangladesh Government’s Access to Information (a2i) Program, the Directorate General of Health Services, and Gavi, according to the announcement.
“We are implementing a forward-looking approach to digital identity that gives individuals control over their own personal information, while still building off existing systems and programs,” says Anir Chowdhury, policy advisor at a2i. “The Government of Bangladesh recognizes that the design of digital identity systems carries far-reaching implications for individuals’ access to services and livelihoods, and we are eager to pioneer this approach.”
Gavi CEO Seth Berkley says that 89 percent of children and adolescents who do not have identification live in countries where the organization is active. “We are enthusiastic about the potential impact of this program not just in Bangladesh, but as something we can replicate across Gavi-eligible countries, providing a viable route to closing the identity gap,” he says.
A partnership was also formed earlier this year between Gavi, NEC, and Simprints to use biometrics to improve vaccine coverage in developing nations.
“Digital ID is being defined and implemented today, and we recognize the importance of swift action to close the identity gap,” comments ID2020 Executive Director Dakota Gruener. “Now is the time for bold commitments to ensure that we respond both quickly and responsibly. We and our ID2020 Alliance partners, both present and future, are committed to rising to this challenge.”
ID2020 also announced new partnerships and provided progress reports on initiatives launched last year. Since last year’s summit, the ID2020 Alliance has been joined by the City of Austin, UC Berkeley’s CITRIS Policy Lab and Care USA.
The City of Austin, ID2020, and several other partners are working together with homeless people and the service providers who engage with them to develop a blockchain-enabled digital identity platform called MyPass to empower homeless people with their own identity data.
A pair of inaugural pilot programs launched last year in partnership with iRespond and Everest have each made progress, ID2020 says. The iRespond program has improved continuity of care for more than 3,000 refugees receiving treatment for chronic conditions from the International Rescue Committee in Thailand, according to the announcement, while Everest has assisted with the provision of access to critical energy subsidies and a range of additional services with secure and user-centric digital identities without relying on a smartphone.

Many teachers and students in Nigerian institutions of learning find teaching and learning a herculean task and very boring because of the obsolete methods of teaching and learning in this sector of the Nigerian economy. New innovative and IT-driven approach will be used in this research to help improve the quality of teaching and learning in Nigerian schools. This research will try to find a solution to this problem, where both students and teachers will enjoy teaching and learning respectively in an environment where effective teaching and learning is the target objective.

Accurately identifying a person is the most critical process in biometrics-based security applications, and issued for recognizing and determining an individual identity based on his or her physical or behavioral characteristics including finger-prints and face.
Biometric based identification system has been widely utilized in many security applications. Biometrics is a marvelous technology that is lower in cost, faster and more accurate. Over the last couple of decade, biometric based recognition systems have been widely investigated, a number of biometric features have been studied tested and successfully deployed in application including information security, law enforcement, surviollance, forensics, smart cards, access control, time/place control points and computer networks.
This describes background information and verification system (AFIVSs), face Recognition Systems (FRSs) and multi-modal biometric system (MMBSs), respectively.

Tema rada su biometrijski osobni podaci – daktiloskopija. U radu se govori o samom pojmu biometrije, definira se biometrija kao znanost te se dalje obrađuje jedan dio biometrije primjenjene u daktiloskopiji. Prvi  dio obuhvaća uvodno razmatranje, odnosno donosi kratak prikaz same strukture rada. Drugi dio govori o biometriji, gdje se ona pobliže definira kao znanost te su navedene vrste biometrijskih metoda. Treći se bavi samom temom rada – daktiloskopijom te objašnjava pojam daktiloskopije. Također se govorio o početcima korištenja daktiloskopije kao metode identifikacije te se objašnjava građa i svojstva ljudske kože, osnovni oblici i način daktiloskopiranja

Access control systems restrict access to a secured premise or other secured devices (like a safe) only to
authorized persons. In this design a biometric (fingerprint based) access control system was developed with
added versatility: remotely Adding/Removing users and monitoring the system’s operation via a GSM Phone.
The administrator phone sends SMS commands to the system to put it in the desired operating modes (as
security situations arise) and to add/remove users of the premise; thus, the system can work both independently
and as dictated by the administrator. The main components are a Fingerprint Module, a GSM/GPRS modem, the
door & its control circuitry, and an AT89C52 microcontroller. The microcontroller polls the SMS received by
the GSM modem, interprets it to puts the system in the desired mode, sends appropriate SCAN/DELETE/ADD
command to the fingerprint scanner, opens/closes the door at each access request by any user (registered or not)
based on the present system mode and command it receives from the scanner. The microcontroller’s code is
written in ASSEMBLY language using KEIL MICRO-VISION3 emulator/debugger. At completion, the system
quite responded in the four set modes: it adds/deletes user fingerprints appropriately, shuts-off when instructed,
opens/closes the door when a registered fingerprint is recognized, displays messages appropriately on the LCD
screen and receives/sends the appropriate SMS to the Administrator’s phone.

Among all the biometrics, fingerprint based identification is one of the most mature and proven technique. Surface fingerprint characteristics, can be obscured during imaging by moisture, dirt or wear which has become a challenge. Multispectral imaging technology, on the other hand, was specifically developed to overcome the fingerprint-capture problems commonly found with conventional fingerprint systems in less-than-ideal conditions. This technology uses multiple sources and types of light and advanced polarization techniques to extract unique fingerprint characteristics from both the surface and subsurface of the skin. This paper focuses on vulnerabilities and the increasing wave of criminal activities occurring at Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) where quick cash is the prime target for criminals rather than at banks themselves. A biometric measure as a means of enhancing the security for banking system for both customer’s & bankers also. We also proposed a total elimination of ...

How and why has it come to pass that children as young as 12 in the UK are being injected with a novel form of mRNA technology that is unlicensed, has no long-term safety data, and remains in clinical trials until May 2023? This article traces the path by which the unthinkable became an alarming reality between October 2020 and September 2021 and also follows developments since then. Working chronologically, the actions and claims of the manufacturers, the regulators, politicians, and in particular the establishment media in promoting “COVID-19 vaccination” for children are examined. The actions taken by policy makers are juxtaposed to scientific evidence available showing that there has never been any rational justification for the mass rollout of “COVID-19 vaccines” to children. The rollout has been predicated on shifting narratives, obfuscations, faux justifications, outright lies, regulatory capture of supposed guardians of the public interest, and mass propaganda. Evidence of actual and potential injuries to children has accumulated from before the beginning of the rollout, in spite of repeated attempts to cover it up, and yet, the under-12s are now also in the crosshairs and children are being targeted for “booster shots.” A clear picture emerges of collusion and corruption at the highest levels in forcing through an agenda that runs contrary to public health, democracy, and freedom. It is becoming clear that the rollout to children has nothing to do with “SARS-CoV-2” and everything to do with ongoing efforts to refashion the international monetary system in the image of central bank digital currencies and biometric IDs. In pursuit of that agenda, the transnational ruling class has revealed that it is willing to maim and kill children knowingly, creating enormous potential for a backlash as the public becomes aware of what is being done.

Information is an important part of any system. In the academic world, information is especially very important and essential. Students have to register for courses, take attendance, quizzes, and exams and as well as check their scores. Years after graduating from the school, students come back asking for transcript. It is therefore very important to handle students’ records in a way that is accessible, maintainable and secure. The manual method of cumulating and storing student record is often prone to various degrees of human error and is also unsecured making it exposed to unauthorized personnel. This paper presents the design and development of a biometric student
record management that provides an interface between student and the institution to enable prompt checking of grades, as well as track their progress and efficiently record each student’s attendance for every lecture attended through the use of a biometric device. The methodology used in developing this system is the waterfall methodology and this was used because it is a one dimensional model, meaning it is very easy to implement and also the documentation is done at the beginning of the software development. During the course of this research, it was realized that developing a biometric student record management system was a herculean task. This system was given to random students to use and 90% of them loved the interactive nature of the system. A projection of record growth in relation to student population and system requirement was carried out in the study.

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In the current scenario the way banking and transaction system is changing in the world, the validation, authentication and confirmation of a person is very important and should be of more concern. Authentication and verification has always been the part to worry about the security and confidentiality of the consumers. In the rapid changing environment it's not easy to maintain integrity and authenticity of persons. There is a lot of risk to losing money and identity if we lose our ATM PIN. If it is hacked by someone then we can lose entire money. To prevent all these frauds we need some foolproof security solution which we can use along with the current available technology. Biometric is one of the technologies which we can combine with the current technology. We can use fingerprints, iris scan, palm scanning along with the PIN authentication and verifications. Even we can use voice recognition also. Combination of such technologies may help in reducing the ATM frauds and hence can improve the security level of other financial transactions.

user using his/her ID and fingerprints into a database after feature extraction. These features form a template that is used to determine the identity of the user, formulating the process of authentication. The enrolment process is carried out by an administrator of the attendance management system. During authentication, the biometrics of the user is captured again and the extracted features are compared with the ones already existing in the database to determine a match. After a successful match, attendance is marked against the user’s id used in matching the templates. The work utilized a fingerprint reader as the input to acquire images, developed program that has fingerprint recognition and identification system as well as database to store user’s information. The database comprises the fingerprint templates and other bio-data of the users together with the attendance records made by the users. Figure 1 shows the architecture of the proposed attendance management system.

Fingerprint-Based Attendance Management System (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259973859_Fingerprint-Based_Attendance_Management_System [accessed May 16, 2017].

The field of Biometrics is an ever-expanding research area formed of different perceptions and theories from identity to verification. This can be fascinating with numerous aspects usually leading to authentication and security. Biometric identification involves capturing a physical element of an individual, which can be later used for verification by running multiple checks against stored data. It uses different methods to pattern match an individual and has always proven difficult to replicate. This is because each individual has a unique set of characteristics and no matching traits even in the case of identical twins. This research report presents an overview of various authorization and authentication techniques currently making use of biometrics technology. Moreover, a brief overview of biometric history is discussed to give an insight where it all began and how the use of technology has advanced its development. There is a variety of biometric authentication technologies used in today’s society, which are explored. One aspect to consider when deliberating about the use of biometric systems and how each application method has evolved is; at what point does the matter of security become an invasion of privacy?

At various points in its existence, the Indian state has deployed technologies to govern the nation. Recently, the state has undertaken a number of large-scale projects to make use of digital technology. The most controversial of these is the Unique Identity (UID) project, which is registering biometric, along with demographic, information about residents. This paper seeks to understand what is at stake politically in this technological intervention. It aims to explore the political logics and consequences of such a biometric system. It argues that UID re-imagines the economy and the state–citizen relationship as a series of transactions. Theoretically, the main thrust of this paper is to understand the “general economy of power”, as Michel Foucault calls it, which is unfolding in India around the issues of capitalist growth, inequality, social protection and terrorism—and UID signals the technological potential for the convergence of these concerns.

Gesichter hinterlassen heute digitale Spuren: Von allgegenwärtigen Kameras erfasst und algorithmisch ausgewertet, werden sie massenhaft zu Datenprofilen verknüpft. Operative Porträts geht den verstreuten Anfängen dieser Entwicklung nach.
Wie wurden Gesichter zu Objekten eines Blicks, der in ihnen nach lesbaren Informationen sucht? Wann wurde es vorstellbar, dass von jedem Individuum endlose Bilderserien zirkulieren? Und welche Konzepte von Individualität sind in die Verfahren algorithmischer Erkennung eingeflossen?
Das Buch von Roland Meyer verfolgt diese Fragen entlang einer Bildgeschichte der Identifizierbarkeit, die eine Geschichte privater wie künstlerischer Porträtpraktiken mit einer Medienarchäologie erkennungsdienstlicher Identifizierung verschränkt. So macht es einen fundamentalen Funktionswandel des Porträts in der Moderne sichtbar: vom repräsentativen zum operativen Porträt.

Bibliographie 190 Sitographie 192 Filmograhie 193 Les derniers numéros de la collection Passerelle 194 11 01 LA NOTION DE FRONTIÈRE DANS UN MONDE GLOBALISÉ 11 PRÉFACE 12 12 A. PETITE HISTOIRE DES FRONTIÈRES PARTIE I LA NOTION DE FRONTIÈRE DANS UN MONDE GLOBALISÉ 13 Les frontières, plus proches de nous que jamais ANNE-LAURE AMILHAT SZARY Géographe, spécialiste des frontières Les frontières, réalités longtemps lointaines et immatérielles dans la vie de la majorité des femmes et des hommes, se donnent aujourd'hui en spectacle : les murs envahissent nos écrans, ceux qui tentent de les franchir sont intégrés dans nos débats politiques au point de les saturer. Comment expliquer un tel retournement, et surtout, quel sens politique lui donner ? Carte scolaire allemande en 1871 : « La migration des races, 500 ap. J.C. » CC BY 2.0 PARTIE I LA NOTION DE FRONTIÈRE DANS UN MONDE GLOBALISÉ LES FRONTIERES : FILMOGRAPHIE SELECTIVE LES FRONTIERES : FILMOGRAPHIE SELECTIVE

The objective of this work is to automatically recognize faces from video sequences in a realistic, unconstrained setup in which illumination conditions are extreme and greatly changing, viewpoint and user motion pattern have a wide variability, and video input is of low quality. At the centre of focus are face appearance manifolds: this thesis presents a significant advance of their understanding and application in the sphere of face recognition. The two main contributions are the Generic Shape-Illumination Manifold recognition algorithm and the Anisotropic Manifold Space clustering.

The Generic Shape-Illumination Manifold algorithm shows how video sequences of unconstrained head motion can be reliably compared in the presence of greatly changing imaging conditions. Our approach consists of combining a priori domain-specific knowledge in the form of a photometric model of image formation, with a statistical model of generic face appearance variation. One of the key ideas is the reillumination algorithm which takes two sequences of faces and produces a third, synthetic one, that contains the same poses as the first in the illumination of the second.

The Anisotropic Manifold Space clustering algorithm is proposed to automatically determine the cast of a feature-length film, without any dataset-specific training information. The method is based on modelling coherence of dissimilarities between appearance manifolds: it is shown how inter- and intra-personal similarities can be exploited by mapping each manifold into a single point in the manifold space. This concept allows for a useful interpretation of classical clustering approaches, which highlights their limitations. A superior method is proposed that uses a mixture-based generative model to hierarchically grow class boundaries corresponding to different individuals.

The Generic Shape-Illumination Manifold is evaluated on a large data corpus acquired in real-world conditions and its performance is shown to greatly exceed that of state-of-the-art methods in the literature and the best performing commercial software. Empirical evaluation of the Anisotropic Manifold Space clustering on a popular situation comedy is also described with excellent preliminary results.

Iris is a powerful tool for reliable human identification. It has the potential to identify individuals with a high degree of assurance. Extracting good features is the most significant step in the iris recognition system. In the past, different features have been used to implement iris recognition system. Most of them are depend on hand-crafted features designed by biometrics specialists. Due to the success of deep learning in computer vision problems, the features learned by the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) have gained much attention to be applied for iris recognition system. In this paper, we evaluate the extracted learned features from a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (Alex-Net Model) followed by a multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to perform classification. The performance of the proposed system is investigated when extracting features from the segmented iris image and from the normalized iris image. The proposed iris recognition system is tested on four public datasets IITD, iris databases CASIA-Iris-V1, CASIA-Iris-thousand and, CASIA-Iris-V3 Interval. The system achieved excellent results with the very high accuracy rate.

As there is a rapid increase in technology development increase in identity theft, consumer fraud, threat to personal data also increasing day by day. The methods developed earlier to secure personal information from theft were not efficient and safe. Biometrics were introduced when there was a need of technology to secure personal information more efficiently. The old fashioned traditional approaches such as Personal Identification Number(PIN), passwords, keys, login id can be forgotten, stolen or lost. In biometric authentication system, a user does not need to remember any passwords or carry any keys. Like humans recognize each other by physical appearance and behavioural characteristics biometric systems makes use of physical characteristics like fingerprints, facial recognition, iris recognition to distinguish between a genuine user and an impostor. Initially biometric identification methods were developed to enhance security in government and corporate sectors, but nowadays it has made its way to almost all the private sectors like Banking. Finance, Home safety and security, Healthcare, Commercial safety and security etc. Since biometrics samples and templates of a biometric system which has single biometric feature to recognize a user can be replaced and duplicated, a new idea of fusion of multiple biometric identification technology has been introduced called multi modal biometric recognition systems which makes use of two or more biometric characteristics of an individual to identify as a genuine user or not.

Over the past decade, biometrics technology has evolved from a technology used primarily in forensics and a narrow scientific and technological field to an indispensable technology in public and private sectors ex¬panding into areas calling for advanced security. Biometric technologies provide high levels of security and reliability to address requirements related to identification and verification of personal identities. In light of the ever increasing requirements for robust identity management, biometrics industry is evolving to play a central role in shaping the future economy. This article provides a comprehensive overview of biometrics technologies, its functions, areas of application, related international standards, and recent advances in the field. The second part of the article looks at the application of biometrics in the government sector worldwide, and the emerging pivotal role of biometrics in consolidating the foundations of the digital economies and sheds light on the experiences of the United Arab Emirates in deploying different advanced biometrics technologies in a wide range of applications. It also outlines the government plans to develop an identity management infrastructure to address multiple strategic objectives, some of which are related to revolutionizing public services and supporting the development of the digital economy.

Abstract - With the wide acceptance of online systems, the desire for accurate biometric authentication based on face recognition has increased. One of the fundamental limitations of existing systems is their vulnerability to false verification via a picture or video of the person. Thus, face liveness detection before face authentication can be performed is of vital importance. Many new algorithms and techniques for liveness detection are being developed. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the most recent approaches and their comparison to each other. Even though some systems use hardware-based liveness detection, we focus on the software-based approaches, in particular, the important algorithms that allow for an accurate liveness detection in real-time. This paper also serves as a tutorial on some of the important, recent algorithms in this field. Although a recent paper achieved an accuracy of over 98% on the liveness NUAA benchmark, we believe that this can be further improved through incorporation of deep learning.

Index Terms — Face Recognition, Liveness Detection, Biometric Authentication System, Face Anti-Spoofing Attack.

International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), Vol. 13, No. 10, October 2015

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ISSN 1947-5500

Employees use the biometric clocking system to clock 'in and out' simply by pressing their finger onto the scanner of the clock. Computerized biometric employee clocking system is an automated process that verifies workers identity and captures employee traits with high speed (in one second or less) with high levels of accuracy. Computerized biometric employee clocking systems that are well managed are crucial in the overall performance of any organization. An effective computerized biometric system should address attendance timing, employee identification, and payroll computation. An effectively implemented computerized employee clocking system should lead to more accurate employee attendance records, eliminate the practice where employee clock in and out for their colleagues 'buddy punching', more authentic identification of workers, and more accurate payroll computation for workers, which leads to happier and productive employees.

Security is one of the major challenges faced by individuals, organizations, and the world at large. The evolution of technology assists in solving this menace of insecurity and with the continuous growth in technology; several techniques have been used in tackling this problem of insecurity, starting from traditional systems like the door locks with handles to automated doors. In recent times, most of these doors lock security systems are based on microcontrollers, GSM, GPS, sensors, biometrics like eye scanner, fingerprint, face recognition, password, etc., and each of these techniques has its advantages and disadvantages. The developed system involves the design of a prototype door access control system that will control the access of personnel to a location/office using voice recognition and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) authentication techniques. The system at first detects the movement of a person and prompts the person for verification. If verified either by voice or by RFID, the door automatically opens and closes after 5 seconds. The aim of this developed system is to restrict the access of an office/location using Radio Frequency Identification and voice recognition authentication, thus offering security to the lives and properties of people.

This article presents the approach followed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) national ID scheme to register its population for the new smart ID card it launched in 2005. It presents how the organisation reengineered its operations to achieve its strategic objectives. It also presents some of the experienced challenges, and how they were dealt with. Some key management consideration areas were also listed for the purpose of sharing knowledge and experience in the field.

Mandatory registration of prepaid SIM cards is a policy that a number of governments have adopted in recent years. It requires consumers to provide proof of identity in order to activate a prepaid mobile SIM card.
There is some doubt concerning the effectiveness of the regulation of the minister of communication and information number 12 year 2016. Also, we face too many SPAM and fraud issues and would know to prevent them by encouraging SIM card registration approach , and the possibility to implement the SIM registration method based on Fingerprint in Indonesia.
This research is using benchmarking with other country and we use regulatory impact analysis to come out with good quality of regulations.
The research methodology apply with qualitative research and quantitative approach.
From the Indonesia statistic we found that the population in Indonesia is 259.1 million in year 2016. However, the mobile users are about 326.3million. Or equaled with 126% from total population. Regarding to the statistic the pre-paid users are 99% from the total users.
The spam and handling show that the best solution for handling and control spam and fraud through registration prepaid sim cards by the right identity and based on the fingerprint.
Most of the respondents know about the regulation no 12 year 2016. But, not all of them register their sim cards by their right data (right identity). So, that is enough for this study to got result of regulation no 12 year 2016 is not really effective and useful.
The spam and fraud control and handle once we register our sim cards numbers with the right data / right identity.
Based on the questionnaires responded and depth interviews, they support implementation 0f sim card registration based on fingerprint method.
Key words: Regulatory impact analysis(RIA), Benchmarking, biometric, Simcard

Abstract - Due to the need for strong security for customer financial information in the banking sector, the sector has started the introduction of biometric fingerprint measures in providing securities for banking systems and software. In this paper, we have carefully explained the methodology of using this technology in banking sectors for customer verification and authentication. The challenges and opportunities associated with this technology were also discussed in this paper.

Keywords: Security, Biometric, Fingerprint, Bank

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