Biomassa

The models of growth seaweed Gracillaria biomass are constructed by examining the result observation of pattern growth seaweed Gracillaria biomass in the field. Then, these result are presented by drawing graphic behavior of growth seaweed Gracillaria biomass. This graphic shows that behavior of growth form sigmoidal curve. According to some references the model of growth seaweed Gracillaria biomass is models of logistic growth with constant carrying capacity. The result of analysis show that the amount of biomass to reach maximum when the amount of seaweed Gracillaria biomass same to the carrying capacity.

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Artikel ini menyajikan informasi ruang lingkup energi terbarukan, dan fokus pada pembahasan strategi dan teknik penelusuran artikel dari jurnal ilmiah melalui pembelian langsung secara online di laman (website) penerbit jurnal, berkomunikasi dengan penulis artikel, dan kunjungan ke laman universitas atau lembaga penelitian yang terkait.

Dalam strategi, delapan tahapan penelusuran artikel ilmiah disajikan, mulai dari penentuan tema, pemilahan judul dan pembacaan ringkasan (abstract) hingga pada pendayagunaan hasil bacaan tersebut pada artikel baru yang akan disusun oleh peneliti. Juga dilampirkan ringkasan dan beberapa contoh teknik penelusuran artikel sehingga pembaca dapat langsung memanfaatkannya sebagai panduan awal.

Penyerapan karbondioksida oleh vegetasi merupakan salah satu pengelolaan cadangan karbon yang penting dalam kehidupan. Aktivitas manusia telah memberikan kontribusi besar dalam peningkatan emisi karbondioksida yang memicu pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim bumi. Pengurangan emisi karbondioksida dilakukan dengan mengetahui karbon tersimpan yang ada pada vegetasi hutan melalui perhitungan biomassa. Pengamatan analisa karbon tersimpan dilakukan di Pulau Santolo, Pameungpeuk, Garut. Pulau santolo merupakan lahan yang digunakan sebagai tempat wisata yang memiliki vegetasi hutan sekunder seperti ketapang dan waru laut. Penghitungan biomassa dan analisa karbon tersimpan di Pulau Santolo bertujuan untuk menganalisa karbon tersimpan dalam tegakan pohon pada lokasi tersebut. Pengambilan data untuk karbon tersimpan dilakukan pada lima plot kuadrat berukuran 25 x 25 m dengan mengukur tegakan pohon, biomassa akar dan serasah. Biomassa serasah, tumbuhan bawah, akar serta batang tegakan dihitung berdasarkan persamaan alometri. Estimasi karbon tersimpan terbesar pada serasah adalah 1.325943 ton/ha. Estimasi karbon terbesar pada tumbuhan bawah adalah 1.7272 ton/ha. Estimasi karbon terbesar pada akar tegakan adalah 4.64833 ton/ha dan estimasi karbon terbesar pada batang tegakan adalah 17.80709371 ton/ha. Kata kunci : karbon tersimpan, biomassa, akar tegakan, batang tegakan, pulau santolo

O l e h : R i z q y A g u s t i a n B F a r a h S e n t i k a Ty a s R e s t u W D i a n M a r i s q h a S h a fi r a H a n i n d i t a M a r w a t i BIODIESEL Definisi Biodiesel Biodiesel adalah bagian dari kelu arga biofuel dan merupakan istil ah yang digunakan untuk mende finisikan bahan bakar yang digun akan sebagai pengganti bahan b akar diesel dan yang dihasilkan d ari sumber biologis: minyak nab ati dan / atau minyak hewani / l emak (Eric dan Byron, 2007).

Biomass from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) has the potential to be employed as raw material for renewable energy sources in Indonesia. EFB can be efficiently converted into valuable fuel products through gasification to produce syngas. Syngas is a suitable basis for added value products development. One of type biomass that has big potential to be utilized is palm EFB biomass. Research about methanol synthesis from various biomass has been done, though little research about methanol production based on EFB gasification. The purpose of this research is to simulate methanol plant model based on gasification of palm EFB. The method covers the step to perform a simulation of the model and methanol plant design. Electric power requirement has been investigated at 3 417 kW, and 67 % of its demand can be fulfilled by steam generation cycle and internal combustion engine (ICE) fuelled by off-gas, while the deficit fulfilled by diesel powered ICE. The flow rate of methanol produced is 85 % of EFB feed flowrate. Energy efficiency is 92 % once electricity energy added to liquid product energy content. The developed model reflects the initial step toward circular economy principals as well as the basis for analysis of the methanol production from EFB biomass gasification profitability.

Pemahaman tentang biomassa dapat diawali dengan pengertian, kemudian melangkah ke identifikasi tipe, sumber, karakteristik, target pengunaan, teknologi konversi, mata rantai penyediaan bahan baku mulai dari sumber hingga ke pabrik pengolahnya, strategi dan langkah taktis untuk mendayagunakan biomassa sebagai bahan baku bioenergi.

Melalui artikel ini akan disajikan kerangka pikir penulis dalam mempelajari biomassa sebagai sumber bahan baku energi terbarukan dan teknologi konversinya.

Resumo: Desde os mais longínquos tempos da existência humana até a época contemporânea, houve incessante busca e domínio da energia, essencial para a manutenção da vida humana. Inicialmente, utilizou-se a própria força física e o uso das fontes mais primárias da natureza - a água, os ventos, o sol e os animais. Mas a procura pelas novas fontes de energia sempre prosseguiram no mundo. A partir dos meados do século XX, houve uma intensificação da extração e uso do combustível fóssil, o petróleo, seguido de outras formas de fonte energética, como a nuclear, eólica, etc. A civilização teve grande impulso com utilização do petróleo, tornando-se assim a principal fonte energética e motor do desenvolvimento das nações do século XX até o presente momento. Mas consequências ambientais, como as mudanças climáticas e poluição ambiental, decorrentes do seu exacerbado uso, como também sua condição geopolítica e de finitude coloca em evidência a questão da renovação da matriz energética como condição essencial ao desenvolvimento das nações. A busca por novas fontes energéticas, limpas e renováveis passam a ser objeto de pesquisas tecnológicas. A biomassa, foco desta pesquisa, passa a ser considerada como uma das alternativas renováveis para a produção de combustíveis líquidos, como o etanol e o biodiesel. O Brasil é um grande detentor de tecnologia da produção cultura da cana-de-açúcar, assim como da produção de etanol e seus corolários, pois está localizado em posição estratégica, possuindo grande área cultivável e clima favorável. Assim, está em constante investigação de soluções técnicas e políticas públicas para aperfeiçoar e viabilizar a biomassa não só da cana-de-açúcar, mas também de outras fontes, como possibilidades na renovação da matriz energética brasileira. Paralelamente, a grande preocupação é a questão social envolvida no aperfeiçoamento tecnológico da produção da cana-de-açúcar e também do Zoneamento Agroambiental, que ainda não foi resolvida. Desta forma, o setor sucroalcooleiro tem sido alvo de muita preocupação, críticas, pesquisas e é objeto de políticas públicas entre o setor privado e público. A partir disso, esta pesquisa procura estudar e apresentar tanto as questões sociais e econômicas, como políticas envolvidas na geração da energia a partir da biomassa.

Abstract: Since the most remote times of human existence to the contemporary time, there was incessant search and control of energy, essential for the human life maintenance. Initially the physical strength itself and the use of the most primary sources of nature - water, wind, sun and animals, were used. But the search for new sources of energy has always continued in the world. From the mid-twentieth century, there was an intensification of the extraction and use of fossil fuel, oil, followed by other forms of energy source such as nuclear, wind and so on. The civilization has been increased greatly with the use of oil, thus becoming the main source of energy and motor for the development of the twentieth century nations up to the present. But environmental consequences, such as climate change and environmental pollution coming from its exacerbated use, as well as its geopolitical and finiteness conditions highlight the issue of renewal of the energy matrix as essential to the development of nations. The search for new, clean and renewable energy sources becomes the object of technological researches. The biomass, focus of this research, is now considered as a renewable alternative for the production of liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Brazil is a large holder of the production technology of sugar cane culture, as well as the production of ethanol and its corollaries, for it is located in a strategic place, and has large arable land and favorable climate. It is therefore in constant investigation for technical solutions as well as public policies to improve and facilitate not only the biomass of sugar cane, but also of other sources, as possibilities for the renewal of the Brazilian energy matrix. At the same time, the major concern is the social issue involved in the technological improvement of sugar cane production and also the Agro-Zoning, which has not been resolved yet. Thus, the alcohol sector has been the subject of much concern, criticism, research, and is the object of public policy between the private and public sector. This research tries to display and analyze the social and economic issues, as well as the political ones involved in generating energy from biomass.

Penggunaan pellet kayu (wood pellets) merupakan salah satu upaya
mendayagunakan biomassa menjadi bioenergi. Pemilihan Provinsi
Kalimantan Timur merupakan sinergis yang bakal menjadikan Indonesia
sebagai penyedia bioenergi terbesar dari Asia dan akan mengimbangi peran energi fossil untuk pasokan energi di Jepang, Korea Selatan, dan Taiwan.
Ide cemerlang untuk menghadirkan diskusi ini dengan pelaku usaha industri kehutanan yang akan mengubah pulau Kalimantan dari sekadar “areal panen” menjadi Sentra Produksi Bioenergi Nasional.
Semoga bahan proposal ini mampu menggugah anda !

Information on vegetation distribution and contents of biomass in sequestering carbon is very important in relation to support Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) project through carbon trade, and other purposes. A research to study forest biomass distribution by using Geographical Information System (GIS) has been conducted at forest area of Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Ambon. The aim of this research was to know distribution of vegetation, forest biomass, air temperature, light intensity, and to arrange the database of vegetation and its biomass contents, air temperature and light intensity through GIS approach. The database can be used to support CDM or REDD project and efficiency of energy consumption for building with surrounding vegetation area. The result showed that biomass distribution at the forest area 0.85 ha can be classified at three classes i.e. high biomass 0.39 ha (46%), middle biomass 0.31 ha (37%), and low biomass 0.15 ha (17%). By using GIS, this forest biomass distribution has been presented on the map of biomass distribution including map of vegetation, air temperature, light intensity distribution and its non spatial data. Abstrak Informasi mengenai distribusi vegetasi dan kandungan biomassa dalam penyerapan karbon sangat penting dalam mendukung proyek Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) melalui perdagangan karbon dan tujuan lainnya. Studi mengenai distribusi biomassa hutan dengan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG) telah dilaksanakan pada areal hutan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Pattimura Ambon. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui distribusi vegetasi, biomassa hutan, suhu udara, dan intensitas cahaya matahari serta menyusun pangkalan data vegetasi hutan berikut kandungan biomassanya serta suhu udara dan intensitas cahaya matahari melalui pendekatan SIG. Tesedianya pangkalan data dimaksud akan bermanfaat dalam mendukung proyek CDM atau REDD dan efisiensi penggunaan energi berbagai gedung yang dikelilingi dengan vegetasi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa distribusi biomassa pada areal hutan seluas 0,85 ha telah berhasil diklasifikasikan kedalam 3 (tiga) kelas yaitu sebaran biomasa tinggi 0,39 ha (46%), sedang 0,31 ha (37%), dan rendah 0,15 ha (17%). Melalui penggunaan SIG, distribusi biomassa hutan tersebut telah dapat disajikan dalam peta distribusi biomassa, termasuk peta distribusi vegetasi, suhu udara, intensitas penyinaran matahari dan data non spasialnya. Kata kunci: distribusi biomassa, kandungan karbon, persamaan allometrik, analisis spasial

Bismillahirrohmanirrohim, dengan mengucap Syukur kepada Allah SWT, telah dapat disusun buku Ekonomi Pabrik dengan tujuan memudahkan mahasiswa dalam mengikuti dan mempelajari matakuliah Ekonomi Teknik Kimia, Perancangan Pabrik Kimia dan Tugas Akhir (TA) Prarancangan Pabrik Kimia.
Buku ini membahas tentang:
1. Perkiraan Investasi Modal
2. Modal Kerja
3. Physical – Plant Cost
4. Perkiraan Biaya Produksi
5. Penjualan, Keuntungan dan Analisa Profitabilitas Kelayakan Proyek
6. Analisa Ekonomi dari Hasil Penelitian Laboratorium
Penulis menyadari bahwa masih terdapat kekurangan dalam penulisan dan penyusunan buku ini. Oleh karena itu Penulis berharap agar ada masukan dan saran guna perbaikan. Akhirnya kami mengucapkan terima kasih dan penghargaan kepada semua pihak yang telah memberi bantuan hingga diterbitkannya buku ini. Semoga dapat memberi manfaat bagi semua yang membacanya khusunya bagi penulis.

A vegetação da Caatinga é explorada para energia, mas existem poucos estudos sobre as relações entre as características da madeira e seu potencial energético. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi relacionar as características da madeira e do carvão vegetal das espécies catingueira (Poincianella pyramidalis) e pau-d'arco (Handroanthus impetiginosus). Foram abatidas cinco árvores por espécie e retirados toretes de 30 cm de comprimento a 0 (base), 25, 50, 75 e 100% da altura comercial da árvore. Esse material foi utilizado para determinação das características da madeira e do carvão vegetal. A catingueira produziu maior rendimento em carvão vegetal que o pau-d'arco; no entanto, a madeira desta espécie apresentou melhores características para fins energéticos. As duas espécies apresentaram relações entre as características anatômicas, físico-químicas e energéticas diferentes. O conhecimento da disparidade entre as relações das características da madeira possibilita o uso mais ad...

Os manguezais estão entre os ecossistemas com maior potencial para armazenamento de carbono por metro quadrado e quantificá-lo por meio da determinação da biomassa é importante para estabelecer o potencial de sequestro de carbono de uma determinada floresta. Os métodos de determinação de biomassa consistem em trabalho de campo intensivo e dispendioso. Nesse contexto, equipamentos de escaneamento a laser podem ser usados para a determinação da biomassa de florestas e diversos estudos ressaltam a viabilidade. Nesse projeto e proposto a utilização de métodos computacionais para o cálculo do volume de fustes de árvores de florestas de mangues visando o cálculo da sua biomassa. Resultados satisfatórios foram encontrados até o momento, com perspectiva para auxílio de trabalhos em campo.

Penurunan kualitas sumberdaya alam, perubahan iklim dan kemanusiaan, pembangkit energi adalah salah satu tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi oleh dunia saat ini.

Sekitar 50% dari bahan bakar yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan daya pada pembangkit konvensional dan 60% dari energi yang digunakan dalam proses industri, telah terbuang percuma.

Kita dapat memanfaatkan panas yang dihasilkan oleh industri dan sumber-sumber terbarukan untuk menghasilkan energi bersih, efisien, dan hemat biaya untuk mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan.

Teknologi ORC-AQYLON merupakan solusi penyediaan listrik untuk wilayah anda.

The models of growth seaweed Gracillaria biomass are constructed by examining the result observation of pattern growth seaweed Gracillaria biomass in the field. Then, these result are presented by drawing graphic behavior of growth seaweed Gracillaria biomass. This graphic shows that behavior of growth form sigmoidal curve. According to some references the model of growth seaweed Gracillaria biomass is models of logistic growth with constant carrying capacity. The result of analysis show that the amount of biomass to reach maximum when the amount of seaweed Gracillaria biomass same to the carrying capacity.

Resumo

A comunidade global se depara neste século com uma série de desafios que parecem indicar o limite de sua expansão e desenvolvimento. Entre esses desafios, encontram-se as crises energética e ambiental, profundamente interligadas.
A crise energética se deve ao fato da forma dominante de energia adotada pelos países serem os hidrocarbonetos não-renováveis, em especial o petróleo. Por não ser reprodutível é um recurso energético que já nasce com limitantes geológicas naturais. Mas o aumento espetacular de seu consumo nas últimas décadas, chegando até a superar a velocidade da descoberta de novas reservas, somado ao custo cada vez maior de explorar reservas novas mais distantes e profundas, elevam cada vez mais o seu preço no mercado internacional, inflacionando a economia como um todo, uma vez que o petróleo em quase onipresente como insumo produtivo.
A essa limitante econômica se adiciona uma limitante ecológica, que tende a se fortalecer cada vez mais com a conscientização da sociedade global das vulnerabilidades ambientais a ponto de até ultrapassar a limitante econômica ao uso do petróleo.
Como possível resposta a crise, surgem os biocombustíveis, como uma possibilidade aberta pelas tecnologias do presente século e capaz de fornecer energia renovável, abundante, e limpa.
Mas como toda forma de energia os biocombustíveis derivados da biomassa também encontram suas limitantes econômicas e ecológicas, de outra ordem em relação ao petróleo, o que deixa às autoridades políticas uma dúvida sobre qual o melhor caminho a seguir.
O presente estudo procura compreender se as vantagens de um uso maior dos biocombustíveis na matriz-energética são maiores que as desvantagens da continuidade do uso do petróleo, bem como possíveis conflitos que podem surgir dependendo de tal escolha.

A Anomalocardia flexuosa está entre os moluscos bivalves marinhos mais encontrados no litoral brasileiro. O marisco é artesanalmente explorado em diversas regiões do país para consumo de subsistência e venda no mercado local. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a relação entre o morfometria e a biomassa, além de determinar o rendimento do marisco. Os indivíduos foram coletados em outubro de 2013 na praia de Ajuruteua, nordeste paraense e encaminhados vivos ao laboratório. Determinou-se uma equação através de relações entre a biometria e a biomassa que seja capaz de estimar a quantidade de corpo mole disponível no interior no bivalve. Além disso, foi calculado o rendimento médio do corpo mole (bivalves sem conchas) o que facilita um manejo adequado. Ao realizar as análises verificou-se que a melhor relação entre o comprimento da largura máxima da concha e a biomassa úmida sem a concha tem sido descrito através de uma equação potencial (y = 2E-05x3,44, r² = 0,92), observando uma alometria positiva, ou seja, com a taxa de ganho de biomassa relativamente superior a taxa de crescimento de comprimento. O rendimento da biomassa comestível do bivalve variou entre 10±1,63 % (média±SD). Os resultados desse estudo podem ser utilizados na elaboração de planos de manejo sustentável para o desenvolvimento da pesca e malacultura e servir como base para estimar a biomassa explorada e comercializada de A. flexuosa.

Tingkat penggunaan biomassa sebagai sumber energi primer di Indonesia cukup tinggi yaitu mencapai 280 juta setara barel minyak (SBM) dan sekitar 84% dari biomassa tersebut digunakan untuk kebutuhan sektor rumah tangga. Penggunaan kompor gasifikasi untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga khususnya untuk kegiatan memasak dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan bahan bakar. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tiga unit kompor gasifikasi dengan variasi dimensi ruang bakar kompor. Sedangkan bahan bakar yang digunakan yaitu ranting kayu akasia dengan kadar air 7,26%, 9,63% dan 12,58%. Metoda pengujian mengikuti prosedur water boiling test (WBT), selain itu waktu operasi dan suhu nyala api juga menjadi parameter kinerja kompor gasifikasi yang dievaluasi. Efisiensi ter`mal kompor gasifikasi forced draft yang dihasilkan yaitu 25,03% hingga 30,44%, dengan efisiensi tertinggi yaitu pada kompor berdiameter 12 cm dan tinggi 16 cm serta biomassa berkadar air 9,63%. Walaupun nyala api yang dihasilkan masih berwarna kuning kemerahan, namun kompor gasifikasi forced draft mampu menghasilkan energi termal hingga 3,43 kWth dengan temperatur nyala api tertinggi mencapai 933 o C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi operasi kompor gasifikasi sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja kompor sehingga disain kondisi operasi kompor perlu disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan pengguna kompor gasifikasi.

Fuel oil is a very important need in life. The fuel used for this comes from crude oil
extracted from the ground, while fuel oil is not renewable, so for the next few years
society will experience a shortage of fuel. The fact on the ground is that fuel oil in
Indonesia is increasingly limited due to the decreasing number of natural resources
(SDA) and the number of consumers who are increasingly showing an increase every
year. So, we need alternative energy instead of petroleum. Biomass can be used as bio- oil by pyrolysis. Use of biomass such as oil palm empty fruit bunches.
Palm oil empty fruit bunches are organic waste that has the potential to be used as a
substitute for bioenergy, the largest waste produced by oil palm plantations. The increasing population is accompanied by an increase in industrial activity, resulting in
the consumption of fossil energy being inversely proportional to the fossil energy
reserves currently available. As well as due to population growth and industry causing
fuel prices to be high. The purpose of this study was to produce bio-oil from empty fruit
bunches oil using a Mo/NZA catalyst with a pyrolysis process and to determine the
effect of the comparison of the biomass catalyst of palm empty fruit bunches on the
yield of bio-oil produced from palm empty bunches of oil and to determine the properties of the oil. Chemical and physical properties of bio-oil produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches.
In this study, empty bunches of oil with a size of 100±200 mesh, 50 grams, 500 ml of
silinap and Mo/NZA catalyst were introduced into the pyrolysis reactor. This process
was carried out at a temperature of 320ºC and a stirring speed of 300 rpm and operated
for about 120 minutes with nitrogen gas flowing. For optimal results obtained at 1.5% Mo/NZA catalyst as much as 5% of the biomass that is equal to 56.28%. The results of
the physical properties test obtained density of 1.005 g/ml, viscosity of 2.296 cSt,
acidity of 45.373 mg NaOH/g of sample and flash point of 52ºC. Each chemical
characterization of bio-oil properties using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy
(GC-MS) obtained several dominant chemical components such as: (Pentane, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-), (1-Pentene 2,4,4-trimethyl-), (Cyclohexane, 1-bromo-4-methyl),
(Hexane, 2,2-dimethyl-), (Pentane, 2,4-dimethyl-).

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o crescimento inicial de mudas e produção de biomassa de maracujazeiro azedo amarelo cultivar redondo, produzidas a partir de resíduo proveniente de tanques de piscicultura. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, utilizando resíduo oriundo de tanques de piscicultura. Foram utilizados como substrato, solo de barranco (SB), resíduo proveniente de tanques de piscicultura (RP) e Tropstrato (TR). Os tratamentos foram: T1= testemunha constituída pelo substrato Tropstrato, T2: 25% RP + 75% SB, T3: 50% RP + 50% SB, T4: 25% SB + 75% RP e T5: 100% RP. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com 5 tratamentos, 4 repetições e 11 plantas por parcela. Observou-se que o tratamento T5 (100% resíduo de piscicultura) apresentou o maior número médio de folhas, maior produção de massa seca da parte aérea e maior acúmulo de massa seca da raiz (P<0,05). Os piores resultados ocorreram para o tratamento com 25% de resíduo proveniente de tanques de piscicultura (T2), o qual apresentou a menor uniformidade das variáveis estudadas. A altura do caule das plantas de maracujazeiro foi superior para os tratamentos que incluíram resíduo de piscicultura, sendo o T5 o tratamento com maior média de altura. Desta forma, o substrato à base de resíduo de tanque de piscicultura se mostrou mais benéfico para a produção de mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo cultivar redondo, se tornando uma boa alternativa para o aproveitamento deste resíduo. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial growth of seedlings and biomass production of blue and yellow passion fruit trees (round cultivar) produced from residue of the rearing tanks of fish farms. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using residue obtained from fish farming tanks. Ravine soil (RS), fish tank residue (FR) and Tropstrato (TR) were used as substrate. The treatments were: T1 = control consisting of Tropstrato substrate; T2: 25% FR + 75% RS; T3: 50% FR + 50% RS; T4: 25% RS + 75% FR; T5: 100% FR. A completely randomized block design consisting of 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 11 plants per plot was used. Treatment T5 (100% fish farming residue) resulted in the largest average number of leaves, highest dry matter production of the aerial part, and highest dry matter accumulation in the root (P<0.05). The worst results were obtained for the treatment using 25% FR (T2), which resulted in less uniformity of the variables studied. Stem height of the passion fruit tree was greater for the treatments that included FR, with the greatest mean height being observed for T5. The substrate using the residue of fish farming tanks was found to be beneficial to produce yellow passion fruit seedlings (round cultivar), representing a good alternative for the reutilization of this residue.

Salam sejahtera !
Publikasi singkat ini semoga mudah dibaca dan dipahami. Materinya terkait dengan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan terutama biomassa menjadi bioenergi. Bacaan ringkas menjadi kebutuhan anda yang sedang menekuni keahlian baru pada tingkat magister di Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Energi Terbarukan, Universitas Darma, Jakarta.

Kendati ringkas, namun ada kata kunci berupa pustaka dan tautan informasi yang akan menggiring anda untuk mendalami bahan presentasi ini. Artikel ilmiah menjadi pustaka utama. Tautan informasi akan melengkapi bahan ini supaya anda memahaminya bahwa
pemanfaatan biomassa sebagai sumber energi dan produk bioenergi telah berkembang pesat di dunia industri dalam bentuk industri pembangkit listrik, pabrik bioenergi, industri bahan kimia, dan farmasi.
Penulis menyarankan anda dapat membaca makalah ini dengan seksama, mengerjakan setiap tugas yang diberikan, dan menyimak presentasi dosen di perkuliahan, dan berdiskusi jika masih ada yang kurang dipahami. Diskusi juga tidak dibatasi dalam ruang kuliah, karena mata kuliah ini sudah ditopang juga oleh piranti Google Class yang memberikan banyak kemudahan dalam pengajaran era milenial ini.
Selamat belajar dan selamat berkarya !
Jakarta, 8 Oktober 2018

Sistem bioenergi pada paradigma baru, berpatokan pada prinsip sistem energi dimana semua faktor harus diidentifikasi dan dicantumkan karena mempengaruhi keberlangsungan proses, kinerja dan hasil sistem tersebut.

Sistem bioenergi adalah semua materi kunci yang dapat dikelompokkan menjadi susbistem kebijakan dan regulasi; subsistem mata rantai produksi dan pemanfaatan bioenergi, susbsistem manajemen bioenergi; dan subsistem infrastruktur bioenergi.

Untuk mendapatkan jaminan kesinambungan pada sistem bioenergi, maka diperlukan tautan dan idenfikasi materi kunci yang terkait dan berinteraksi dengan pilar ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan yang menjadi penopang sistem pembangunan berkelanjutan.

Target penyajian konsep ini adalah penataan teknik analisis yang lebih holisitik dan berdaya guna untuk memandu pengambil kebijakan, pengusaha, dan peneliti dalam pengambilan keputusan dan pelaksanaan proyek bioenergi.

Prospek yang akan datang adalah:
Menerjemahkan konsep sistem bioenergi dan komponen penyusunnya dalam model matematika.

Menjadikan sebuah panduan penelitian di masa mendatang untuk analisis potensi dan strategi realisasi sistem bioenergi berbasis agroindustri kelapa sawit, kelapa, sagu, dan industri kehutanan di Indonesia;

Mendayagunakan konsep ini dengan  sistem agro-bioenergi wilayah sebagai upaya integrasi dua konsep berbasis pangan dan energi untuk wilayah.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar o valor nutritivo da biomassa de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorium L) submetida à ensilagem em três tratamentos. Foi realizado um ensaio de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes com ovinos e determinada a composição química e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (MS) na biomassa e nas silagens obtidas. Também foram quantificadas as produções de MS, grãos e óleo por hectare da cultura do cártamo, sendo a produção de MS de 12,4±4,9 t/ ha; grãos de 2,9±1,5 t/ha e a de óleo bruto de 0,7 ±0,2 t/ha. Os tratamentos aplicados à biomassa para ensilagem foram: CiN = cártamo ensilado in natura; CE= cártamo emurchecido (duas horas de exposição ao sol); CPC= cártamo + 5% polpa cítrica. A composição química das silagens nos tratamentos CiN, CE e CPC foi 10,80; 11,15 e 10,07% de proteína bruta (PB), 55,22; 55,40 e 52,20% de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e 55,60; 53,45 e 57,87% de digestibilidade in vitro da MS, res-pectivamente. O ensaio foi feito em delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, utilizando-se o peso dos animais como blocos. A digestibilidade aparente da MS das silagens foi 55,96; 55,54 e 57,94%, e de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) de 57,62; 57,49; 57,87%, respectivamente para os tratamentos CiN, CE e CPC. Os resultados indicam que o cártamo conservado como silagem pode ser utilizado na dieta de ruminantes como alternativa a volumosos de qualidade, entretanto os tratamentos utilizados para a ensilagem da biomassa não apresentaram diferenças que justifiquem sua aplicação no que diz respeito às avaliações fisico-químicas, consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes das silagens. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of safflower biomass (Carthamus tinctorium L.) ensiled in three treatments. An apparent nutrient digestibility assay was conducted using sheep and the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM) were determined in the biomass and silages obtained. The production of DM, seeds and crude oil per hectare safflower crop was also quantified and was 12.4±4.9, 2.9±1.5 and 0.7 ±0.2 t/ha, respectively. The following ensiling treatments were applied: FS = freshly ensiled safflower; WS = wilted safflower (sun exposure for 2 hours); SCP = safflower + 5% citrus pulp. The chemical composition of the FS, WS and SCP silages, respectively, was 10.8, 11.15 and 10.07% crude protein, 55.22, 55.4 and 52.2% neutral detergent fiber, and 55.6, 53.45 and 57.87% in vitro DM digestibility. A randomized complete block design with animal weight as blocks was used. The apparent DM digestibility of the silages was 55.96, 55.54 and 57.94% and total digestible nutrients were 57.62, 57.49 and 57.87% for FS, WS and SCP, respectively. The results indicate the use of safflower conserved as silage in ruminant diets as an alternative to roughage. However, the biomass ensil-ing treatments showed no differences in terms of physicochemical parameters, intake or nutrient digestibility of the silages that would justify their application.

Pemerintah Jerman melalui Bank Pembangunannya (Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau -KfW) telah menyatakan dukungan untuk pembangunan infrastruktur energi terbarukan dan lingkungan Indonesia.  Pinjaman yang disediakan sekitar dua milyar Euro (Rp 31 triliun). 

Kendati telah terbuka kesempatan emas untuk memanfaatkan modal tersebut seiring dengan keterdesakan Indonesia pada modal pembangunan nasional, namun juga harus cerdas membuka peluang alih teknologi dan pengetahuan karena pihak Jerman memang lebih unggul dalam pengembangan dan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan.

Artikel ini akan membuka dialektika bagi pengambil kebijakan nasional dan pemerhati energi terbarukan di Indonesia. Sekaligus mendorong peran alumni Jerman untuk menjembatani kepentingan ekonomi kedua negara. Bahkan memandu pengusaha dalam pemilihan teknologi yang tepat dan menjalankan unit usahanya.

In the search for strategies to mitigate climate change, the promotion of renewable energy is a major challenge worldwide, particularly for developing countries such as Brazil and Colombia, which aim to diversify their power grids by using unconventional renewable energy sources. One of the main obstacles is the development of innovative projects. Increasing oil palm cultivation in the Amazon region for the food and biodiesel industries is producing a large volume of biomass. The present study outlines a methodology for analysis of renewable energy projects based on identification of environmental, economic, and social sustainability criteria and indicators (C&I) for the oil palm production chain. This methodology was then used to develop a computer simulation model in the RETScreen® International software environment for financial viability and risk analysis.

Cowpea is a crop of great importance for small producers in Northeast Brazil, being a source of income and food for family farmers. The present work had as objective to evaluate the productive performance of different cultivars of cowpea in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the city of Barra - BA, region of the Middle São Francisco. The experiment was installed in August 2018 in the experimental field of the Federal University of Western Bahia - UFOB, Multidisciplinary Center of Barra. The cultivars evaluated were: BRS Itaim, BRS Novaera, BRS Paraguaçu, BRS Aracê, BRS Xiquexique, BRS Imponte, BRS Guariba, Pingo de Ouro and CE 25- Semper Verde. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with nine treatments and four replications. No problem with powdery mildew was detected in the cultivars. The cultivar Pingo-de-ouro1-2 showed higher plant height, BRS Xiquexique and CE 25 - Semper Verde larger stem diameter, CE 25 - Semper Verde produced a greater amount of fresh mass from the aerial part and BRS Itaim and CE 25 - Always Green produced the largest amount of dry matter in the aerial part. The cultivars BRS Paraguaçu (80.45%), BRS Xiquexique (79.63%), BRS Guariba (79.60%), Pingo-de-ouro-1-2 (77.98%) and BRS Novaera (76, 78%) had higher grain rates. BRS Itaim produced the highest number of pods per plant, BRS Imponente produced the longest pods, Pingo-de-ouro-1-2 produced the highest number of grains per pod. The cultivar BRS Novaera had the highest weight of a thousand grains. The cultivars BRS Guariba and CE 25 - Semper Verde stood out from the others with the highest levels of productivity, 3,109.50 and 2,863.50 kg ha-1, respectively.

Informasi mengenai distribusi vegetasi dan kandungan biomassa dalam penyerapan karbon sangat penting dalam mendukung proyek Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) melalui perdagangan karbon dan tujuan lainnya. Studi mengenai distribusi biomassa hutan dengan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG) telah dilaksanakan pada areal hutan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Pattimura Ambon. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui distribusi vegetasi, biomassa hutan, suhu udara, dan intensitas cahaya matahari serta menyusun pangkalan data vegetasi hutan berikut kandungan biomassanya serta suhu udara dan intensitas cahaya matahari melalui pendekatan SIG. Tesedianya pangkalan data dimaksud akan bermanfaat dalam mendukung proyek CDM atau REDD dan efisiensi penggunaan energi berbagai gedung yang dikelilingi dengan vegetasi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa distribusi biomassa pada areal hutan seluas 0,85 ha telah berhasil diklasifikasikan kedalam 3 (...

A vegetação do Cerrado é composta por três formações: campestre, savânica e florestal. Resíduos lenhosos naturalmente são produzidos por florestas, seja pela queda de galhos, ramos ou mesmo árvores inteiras. As queimadas no cerrado são consideradas queimadas de superfície, consumindo basicamente os estratos herbáceos, com diâmetro inferior ou igual a 6mm. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar, descrever e analisar literaturas sobre metodologias usadas na quantificação do material combustível. Os métodos para quantificação de material combustível podem ser não destrutivos e destrutivos. O sucesso do método vai depender da abundância dos combustíveis

Bioenergi sebagai salah satu sumber energi terbarukan menjadi sebuah harapan besar dalam pemenuhan energi nasional. Kehadiran harapan ini karena untuk memenuhi tuntutan lingkungan, ekonomi, dan sosial pada tingkat daerah, nasional, dan internasional.

Provinsi Kalimantan Timur (Kaltim) memiliki potensi biomassa dari limbah hasil pengolahan subsektor perkebunan, kehutanan, dan pertanian yang dapat diubah menjadi energi listrik dan produk bioenergi.
Kaltim juga memiliki Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) MALOY yang langsung berhadapan dengan Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) II yaitu Selat Makassar. Posisi strategi itu harus dimanfaatkan untuk ekspor bioenergi ke manca negara seiring dengan upaya pemenuhan pasokan listrik di sentra-sentra pertanian.

Konsep ini akan membuka diskusi-dialog kita demi kemajuan bersama.