Big Five Personality Traits

Background: Body Image is known to be influenced by Body Mass Index (BMI), self-esteem and personality. Body image dissatisfaction (BID) is associated with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem and maladaptive eating pattern. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that can contribute to BID. Material and Methods: This study is observational cross-sectional study on 200 medical doctors in India. Data collection was by selfreported questionnaires: Sociodemographic proforma, Body Shape Questionnaire-34 for BID, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and Big Five Inventory for Personality traits. Results: Out of 200, 23.5% (n=47) participants had BID. BID significantly correlated with higher body mass index (BMI)

Studies showed that using influence tactics and polical behavior can be beneficial to employees because they affect human resource decisions such as performance evaluation and promotion decisions (Higgins et al., 2003). However, the type and frequency of the influence tactics employees engage in differ. Previous research has indicated employees' personality, motives, needs and career concerns as the employee-related antecedents of political behavior (Steensma, 2007; Zanzi et al., 1991). In the present study, we intended to examine the employee related antecedents of political behavior through invesigating the effects of personality, values and career concerns on the use of influence tactics. For that purpose, 294 full-time employees working in various firms were surveyed using the Big Five Inventory (John, Donahue, and Kentle, 1991), Portrait Values Questionnaire (Schwartz et al., 2001), Career Concerns Scale (adapted from Zanzi et al., 1991), and Political Tactics Questionnaire (Kipnis, Schmidt, and Wilkinson, 1980). The results of this study showed that, the internal career concern of skill development (learning new techniques, developing competencies, etc.) had stronger positive relations with the influence tactics of coalition and persuasion than the external career concerns (economic concerns), which had a weaker relationship with persuasion and an inverse relation with coalition building. With regard to the personality factors, the individuals who were low in conscientiousness and high in neuroticism were found to be the most engaged with various influence tactics at work. Finally, only the self-enhancement value dimension acted as a moderator between the personality dimension of conscientiousness and influence tactics, such that when this value was highly endorsed, the increase in the conscientiousness levels of individuals decreased their tendencies to engage in influence tactics. Moreover, an opposite relationship was found regarding the moderating effect of self-enhancement on the relationship between the two career concerns of skill development and autonomy on influence tactics. Hence, for those who endorsed self-enhancement at a high level, the presence of these career concerns increased the likelihood of engaging in influence tactics at work.

Self-efficacy is regarded as one of the important aspects that could help teachers to achieve their learning goals and optimal work performance. However, in daily practice, there is only limited research that explores the importance of self-efficacy in the education process, especially for science teachers in Indonesia. This research aims to explore the relationship between science teachers' type of personality, self-efficacy, and work performance Indonesia. A total of 123 science teachers were chosen using purposive technique sampling to fill in the questionnaires as a form of self-report. The result shows that the type of personalities such as Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience significantly correlate to Self-efficacy. In accordance with this result, Self-efficacy also has a positive and significant correlation with the dimension of Task Performance and Contextual Performance. However, Self-efficacy has a negative correlation to the Counterproductive Work Behavior. Therefore, the higher the three personalities possess by a teacher the higher the self-efficacy and the work performance they have. This result asserts that there is a number factor that should be considered by science teachers to achieve the best work performance. The further discussion and the limitation of this research will be explained deeper in this paper.

This mixed method study aims to examine the relationship between big-five personality traits and workplace spirituality from a managerial perspective by analyzing its potential effects on management. In the quantitative step, the cross-sectional survey was employed as the data collection, and the data were obtained from a sampling group through the simple random sampling. Further, the qualitative part of the study was designed as a purposive sampling technique. The quantitative research data were obtained from 238 participants working in a public university in Turkey. The qualitative data were obtained by interviewing a group of 14 people from the same sample of participants working as administrators at the same university. The qualitative data of the study were analyzed by content analysis. The findings indicate that the harmony between the perception of personality structures and workplace spirituality has an important function in the adoption of workplace values by the employees.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between grit and entrepreneurial intent. Grit involves maintaining effort and interest in the pursuit of long-term goals, despite adversity, stagnation, or failure. Entrepreneurial intentions are a well-established indicator that represents an individual's conscious determination to start a new business. Secondary variables included the personality traits measured in the Big Five model (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism). Survey data were collected from over 500 undergraduate students at a Midwestern university in the United States. The results confirmed that there was a strong positive association between grit and entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, independent samples t-tests revealed that high grit students showed greater entrepreneurial intent than low grit students. The data also indicated that grit fully mediated the predictive effect of conscientious and neuroticism on entrepreneurial intent. Overall, a better understanding of the influence of grit on entrepreneurial intent, given the presence of various diverse personality constellations, may help inform educators in preparing and delivering course content. The influence of grit may reduce the failure rate of new and young businesses launched by college-educated entrepreneurs.

Currently, there is little consensus on the requisite individual differences, or the content of effectiveness criteria, for international assignees. This paper describes the collaborative efforts of two teams of researchers who were independently investigating the effects of stable personality traits and dynamic behavioral competencies on the same, three-dimensional structure of effectiveness: psychological (cultural, interaction, and work) adjustment, assignment withdrawal cognitions and (contextual and overall task) performance. Extending a model of cross-culturally relevant individual differences developed by , we describe the results of model tests in three studies. Study 1, using multi-source data from a multinational sample of 182 expatriates stationed in Hong Kong, and matched pairs of their spouses and work colleagues, examined the predictiveness of the "Big Five" personality traits. Study 2 tested the outflow of four dynamic competencies (cultural flexibility, task and people leadership orientation, and ethnocentrism) with self-report data from a sample of 309 Korean expatriates posted around the world. Study 3 was a longitudinal replication of Study 2, using pre-departure and on-assignment data from Japanese expatriate managers sent to overseas positions. Results of correlation and regression analyses testing the direct and indirect effects of individual differences on effectiveness indicated that they had a widespread impact, in a pattern that is sharply divergent from the domestic selection literature. The importance of traits and competencies as differential predictors of adjustment, withdrawal, and performance has implications for both selection and training of expatriates.

The success of an organization is contingent on a variety of factors, including technological, financial, and human resources. While all factors are critical, the most critical is the human resource, which combines all other factors into a goal-oriented action. Suliman et al. (2010) emphasize that personality traits are the most critical factor affecting human resource performance. Personality is characterized as persistent pragmatic, interpersonal, attitudinal, and emotional patterns that account for an individual's conduct in a variety of situations (McCrae and Costa, 1989). Over the last few decades, research into personality has accelerated in a variety of fields (Shi et al., 2021). The study of personality resulted in the establishment of personality psychology, a vibrant field of study in the social sciences for decades (Adamopoulos et al., 2018; Engel-Yeger et al., 2016). People are from different backgrounds and cultural heritages which influence their values, norms, attitudes and consequently a reflection of different personalities that highlight their actions and behaviour (Ghani et al., 2016) at the workplace.

This study assessed the statistical relationship between neuropsychological performance, IQ and personality test results and school grades in a longitudinal sample of adolescent males. One-hundred and forty-eight boys completed six years of WISC-R short forms (Block Design and Vocabulary) and provided six years of math and language grades and grade failure data while in elementary school. In junior high school, the same boys completed an extensive neuropsychological test battery and the NEO-PI-R, a standard big five personality trait measure. Neuropsychological test scores were more powerfully associated with grades than were IQ scores, despite their later and single administration. In addition, hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that three of four neuropsychological test score factors (Verbal Learning, Executive Function, and Tactile Laterality improved the statistical association with six-year averaged failure-weighted grades over and above IQ (averaged Vocabulary and Block Design). NEO-PI-R Agreeableness was significantly and positively related to grades, over and above both IQ and neuropsychological function.

Internet use has been increasing exponentially day by day depending on technological developments. In connection with this, excessive internet use leads to unhealthy internet use named as internet addiction. Recently, it is remarkable that internet addiction and big five-personality traits are closely related. In this framework, the aim of this research is to investigate relations between internet addiction and big five-personality traits. For this purpose, meta-analysis method was used in this research. In line with the aim of the research, 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis and 13 effect sizes were calculated from these researches. As a result of meta-analysis, it was found that all big five-personality traits had a meaningful relation with internet addiction. In this context, it was determined that neuroticism was positively related with internet addiction whereas openness to new experiences, conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness were negatively related with it. In consequence, it is considered that big five-personality traits are an important factor in terms of internet addiction.

The tremendous digital growth of high speed internet and handy mobile devices in recent years let social media become a popular medium of communication. Also with features like providing information, education and entertainment, social media become an important part of ever one s life. By the end of 2018, among the 1.3 billion Indian population there are 511 million and odd internet users (TRAI) which include 226 million and odd social media users (Statista). A report by the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) revealed that there are only 30% of number of social media users in India will make up female users. Social media is more like a virtual world where people project themselves through posts and pictures.There are few studies across world which evidenced women empowering other women through social media. The main objective of the study is to analyze how women of a particular geographical location (Tamil Nadu) orient themselves by examining the prominence of social media profile picture and personal bio (about) they publicize. The content of the profile picture and personal bio women post on their social media is driven in part by personality. For analysis a coding sheet was constructed to study several traits of the profile pictures based on Ekman s model of si discrete basic emotions and to understand the portrayal through personal bio based on Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality along with other basic physical and technical characteristics of a profile picture like colour, edits, background, etc. The analysis and interpretations of the profile pictures and personal bio of random sample of women social media users (N=300) in Tamil Nadu chosen from the top three most used social media platforms in India: WhatsApp (N=100), Facebook (N=100) and Instagram (N=100) are discussed in relation to framed coding sheet. The findings of the study also focused on socio-cultural representation of women in social media.