Behavioral Psychology

Quality of life (QOL) means a good life and we believe that a good life is the same as living a life with a high quality. This paper presents the theoretical and philosophical framework of the Danish Quality of Life Survey, and of the SEQOL, QOL5, and QOL1 questionnaires. The notion of a good life can be observed from subjective to the objective, where this spectrum incorporates a number of existing quality of life theories. We call this spectrum the integrative quality-of-life (IQOL) theory and discuss the following aspects in this paper: well being, satisfaction with life, happiness, meaning in life, the biological information system ("balance"), realizing life potential, fulfillment of needs, and objective factors. The philosophy of life outlined in this paper tries to measure the global quality of life with questions derived from the integrative theory of the quality of life. The IQOL theory is an overall theory or meta-theory encompassing eight more factual theories i...

n this study, we conceptualized a framework capturing recurring troublesome elements of mental states such as depression and general anxiety, assessing them by applying standard clinical inventory. The study explores the extent to which danger control and fear control under the Extended Parallel Processing Model (EPPM) threat impact job insecurity, with uncertainty phenomenon causing afflicting effect on the experiential nature of depression heightened by anxiety. With the aim to explore the job insecurity relationship with anxiety and depression, and measure the impact of EPPM threat, an empirical study was conducted in the United States on a sample of 347 white collar employees. Demographic data, EPPM threat, job insecurity, anxiety, and depression data were collected via a standardized questionnaire during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The questionnaire consisting of multi-item scales was distributed online. All the scale items were evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale. SEM software AMOS version 23 was used to perform confirmatory factor analysis with maximum likelihood estimation. In the structural model, relationships between the threat of COVID-19, job insecurity, anxiety, and depression were assessed. The findings of the study suggest that job insecurity has a significant impact on depression and anxiety, whereas the threat of COVID-19 has a significant impact on depression. Mediating effects of job insecurity and EPPM threat impact on anxiety were not established in the study. The study contributes to the apprehension of the repercussions of major environmental disruptions on normal human functioning, and it investigates the effects of self-reported protective behaviors on risk perception. The study also explains the underlying mechanisms of coping behavior as possible antecedents to mental disorders. When subjected to stressful events, heightened psychological arousal causes physical and psychological challenges of affected employees to manifest as behavioral issues.

A variety of techniques grounded in behavioral psychology, and more specifically in applied behavior analysis, have been established to increase and improve play skills in children with autistic spectrum disorders. This article introduces a set of efficacious methods, which range from highly structured techniques to more naturalistic strategies. It focuses on object play as other authors in the issue discuss social play in greater depth. Behavioral techniques that are reviewed include: discrete trial training, use of stereotyped behaviors to increase play skills, pivotal response training, reciprocal imitation training, differential reinforcement of appropriate behavior, in vivo modeling and play scripts, and video modeling. A discussion of expanding behavior techniques to teach more complex play as well as training in varied environments is also presented. References are provided to allow the reader to obtain more in-depth information about each technique.

It is possible to understand the process of healing from a holistic perspective. According to the life mission theory, we can stretch our existence and lower our quality of life when we are in crises, to survive and adapt, and we can relax to increase our quality of life when we later have resources for healing. The holistic process theory explains how this healing comes about: Healing happens in a state of consciousness exactly opposite to the state of crises. The patient enters the "holistic state of healing" when the (1) patient and (2) the physician have a perspective in accordance with life, (3) a safe environment, (4) personal resources, (5) the patient has the will to live, (6) the patient and (7) the physician have the intention of healing, (8) the trust of the patient in the physician, and (9) sufficient holding. The holding must be fivefold, giving the patient (1) acknowledgment, (2) awareness, (3) respect, (4) care, and (5) acceptance. The holistic process has t...

This study sought to determine the association between nearly lethal suicide attempts and exposure to the suicidal behavior of parents, relatives, friends, or acquaintances and to accounts of suicide in the media. The authors conducted a population-based case-control study in Houston, Texas, from November 1992 through July 1995. They interviewed 153 victims of attempted suicide aged 13-34 years who had been treated at emergency departments in Houston and a random sample of 513 control subjects. After controlling for potentially confounding variables, the authors found that exposure to the suicidal behavior of a parent (adjusted OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.6, 3.6; p = 0.42) or a nonparent relative (adjusted OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.7, 2.0; p = 0.55) was not significantly associated with nearly lethal suicide attempts. Both exposure to the suicidal behavior of a friend or acquaintance (adjusted OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4, 1.0; p = 0.05) and exposure to accounts of suicidal behavior in the media (adjusted OR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.3; p = 0.00) were associated with a lower risk of nearly lethal suicide attempts. Exposure to accounts of suicidal behavior in the media and, to a lesser extent, exposure to the suicidal behavior of friends or acquaintances may be protective for nearly lethal suicide attempts, but further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying these findings. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154: 120-7. adolescent behavior; adolescent psychology; imitative behavior; psychology; suicide; suicide, attempted

Ethologists and psychologists have traditionally taken different approaches to the study of animal behavior. Recently, there has been something of a rapprochement between these two schools of the study of behavior. The range of animals and the number of groups available in the zoo for comparison provide a wealth of topics for study by the behavioralist. At the same time, the new behavioralist is perfectly equipped to make important contributions to solving the problems that the zoo faces on a daily basis. Evidence provided by limited associations to date argues convincingly that more frequent and formal cooperation between the zoo and the behavioralist promises substantial mutual benefit.

This review presents one of the eight theories of the quality of life (QOL) used for making the SEQOL (self-evaluation of quality of life) questionnaire or the quality of life as realizing life potential. This theory is strongly inspired by Maslow and the review furthermore serves as an example on how to fulfill the demand for an overall theory of life (or philosophy of life), which we believe is necessary for global and generic quality-of-life research. Whereas traditional medical science has often been inspired by mechanical models in its attempts to understand human beings, this theory takes an explicitly biological starting point. The purpose is to take a close view of life as a unique entity, which mechanical models are unable to do. This means that things considered to be beyond the individual's purely biological nature, notably the quality of life, meaning in life, and aspirations in life, are included under this wider, biological treatise. Our interpretation of the natur...

The field of holistic medicine is in need of a scientific approach. We need holistic medicine--and we even need it to be spiritual to include the depths of human existence--but we need it to be a little less "cosmic" in order to encompass the whole human being. Many important research questions and challenges, empirical as well as theoretical, demand the attention from medical researchers. Like a number of other practitioners and researchers, our group at the Quality of Life Research Center in Denmark together with groups in Norway and Israel are trying to tackle the research challenge by using conceptual frameworks of quality of life. We have suggested that quality of life represents a third influence on health beyond the genetic and traumatic factors so far emphasized by mainstream medicine. In our clinical and research efforts, we attempt to specify what a clinician may do to help patients help themselves, by mobilizing the vast resources hidden in their subjective worl...

Ambient lifestyle feedback systems are embedded computer systems designed to motivate changes in a person's lifestyle by reflecting an interpretation of targeted behavior back to the person. Other interactive systems including "serious games" have been applied for the same purpose in areas such as nutrition, health and energy conservation, but they suffer from drawbacks such as inaccurate self-reporting, burdens placed on the user, and lack of effective feedback. Ambient lifestyle feedback systems overcome these challenges by relying on passive observation, calm presentation style and emotionally engaging feedback content. In this paper, we present an ambient lifestyle feedback system concept and provide insights from the design and implementation of two prototype systems, Virtual Aquarium and Mona Lisa Bookshelf. In particular, we discuss the theory and practice of effective feedback design by drawing on elementary behavioral psychology and small-scale user studies. The work is aimed at aiding in the design of ambient persuasive technologies and ambient interaction in general.

Many psychologists believe a Kuhnian revolution-a competitive event between incommensurate paradigms in which a winner displaces losers after chaotic upheavalhas occurred in psychology. Cognitive psychology is said to be displacing behavioral psychology and psychoanalysis, but few published data support this thesis. Social science citation records from the leading journals in cognitive psychology, behavioral psychology, and psychoanalysis between 1979 and 1988 were analyzed. Results show an increasing trend for cognitive psychology but also high citation rates with no downward trends for behavioral psychology. Citation rates for psychoanalysis are not as high, but indications of decline are marginal. These findings do not support the Kuhnian displacement thesis on changes in modern psychology.

Punishment and its avoidance are foundational to organisms’ behavior and evolutionary development. How do responses to unfavorable situations change across animal species? We address this question using a model of developmental and evolutionary complexity (Model of Hierarchical Complexity). Tasks are ordered in terms of an ordinal scale that measures difficulty (Order of Hierarchical Complexity). Successful completion of a task at a particular order is the behavioral stage of the organism on that task. This model applies to non-human and human animals. Examples of organisms that perform tasks of punishment avoidance at each order are provided. The Model provides a useful way of explaining the differences between organisms that is consistent with evolutionary data. We argue that as animals become more complex, punishments become more harmful, but used at  decreasing frequencies. However, punishment does not disappear at even the highest stages.

This paper seeks to create a comparative framework for evaluating transformative experiences for different types of ritual contexts found in sacred architecture by bridging the gap between the phenomenology of human experience and architecture’s built conditions. The methodology creates a framework for statistical analysis, whereby evidence of people’s actual (i.e., real, lived) “subjective” experiences can be evaluated against the “objective” architectural conditions. The comparative framework is put to the test by comparing the experiential and environmental conditions found at the Pantheon in Rome. Experiential data for the Pantheon is extracted from Julio Bermudez’s large survey database (N = 2872) of “extraordinary architectural experiences” for this study. This data is compared against “objective” graphical architecture analysis using Lindsay Jones’ “morphology of ritual-architectural priorities” with a specific focus on ritual contexts. The quantitative and qualitative data reveals that the Pantheon produces transformative experiences for visitors that are related to the expected outcomes of specific design features. The percentages from the “objective” and “subjective” analysis both rank the priorities of theatre, contemplation, and sanctuary in the same order. This study concludes that built environments possessing a higher presence and quality of “ritual-architectural priorities” are more likely to be perceived as sacred and produce transformative experiences.

CITATION: Ro, Brandon R. 2022. "Blending the Subjective and Objective Realms of Sacred Architecture at the Pantheon: Creating a Comparative Framework for Evaluating Transformative Experiences in Ritual Contexts" Religions 13, no. 1: 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13010075

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/13/1/75

This article explores the notions of a good life as understood in religion and psychology. The markers of altruism and empathy are identified. The effect the use of social media has on brain chemistry is then explored and used in trying to answer the question as to whether technology (social media in particular) is hampering our ability to live a good life. The notions of the rise of narcissism and the decline in empathy are also discussed

Despite overwhelming evidence that gender plays a significant role in the course of numerous psychological disorders, researchers have historically neglected to address gender similarities and differences in their research. Previous reviews of the psychological literature have indicated that personality, psychotherapy, and behavioral psychology journals have published few studies that focus on gender comparisons. The current review examined published articles in three prominent behavioral psychology journals-Behavior Therapy, Behavior Modification, and Behaviour Research and Therapy-from their inception through 2001. Raters coded each article (N = 4,635) for gender content in the title or abstract, analyses of gender differences, and discussion of gender. Overall, very few articles focused on gender content in the title, abstract, or discussion or analyzed data by gender. Implications of these results and suggestions for enhancing attention to gender comparisons are discussed.

Many commentators have argued that the protocol analysis method has considerable utility in the study of complex human behavior. In particular, it has recently been suggested that this method allows for detailed analyses of human language and cognition from a behavioral perspective. Despite this utility, however, relatively few behavioral studies have employed this technique. In the current article, we point out certain empirical difficulties that we have encountered in attempting to employ the protocol analysis method to study human language and cognition. We then present a number of solutions to these problems, which we suggest will allow for wider use of the protocol analysis method in behavioral psychology.

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed daily life, notably by forcing billions of people to work from home. As restrictions related to the pandemic are eased, companies are reconsidering their real estate footprint and contemplating a long-term move to remote work. This paper takes an in-depth look at this move. It argues that remote work is, like other consequences and aspects of the pandemic, deeply rooted in broader social issues. The move to remote work has the potential to alleviate historic inequities which arise from the demands of the modern workplace-demands which have led women to occupy lower-paying positions. It also argues that the move to remote work can contribute to the increasing precarity of work, by shifting the cost of workspace from employers to employees. It suggests governmental solutions, rooted in law and behavioural economics, which could maximise its potential and protect workers from its perils.

receiving the e-mail, opening it, clicking on a link, and buying the target books. Aggregated results showed that the informational stimuli were more successful in inducing consumers to open the emails whereas the utilitarian stimuli were beneficial in increasing buying behavior. Data for individual consumer behavior indicate possible stimulus control in the case of particular consumers and potentials for functional analysis. The results show different appropriateness of stimuli for shaping consumer responses online and possibilities for translational work in behavior analysis.

The promise of a synthesized basic and applied psychology has been most strongly realized and appreciated in behavior analysis. The traditional model for this relationship has been largely unidirectional in that the experimental analysis of behavior has fed applied behavior analysis with its principles. Despite the relative strength of this relationship, which should lead to a more coherent and broadly

Medical, psychological, and environmental factors can contribute to the development of sexually abusive behavior. This article uses the language of both psychology and public health to elaborate on the links between sexual addiction and sexual abuse, and offers public health prevention strategies to recognize, manage, and ultimately diminish sexually abusive behaviors.

Evolution of consumers' preferences has been recognized by many scholars as being key to understanding technological change. However, mainstream economics cannot account for the seemingly irrational behavior of consumers based on changes in taste – consumer theory lacks exibility and accuracy to explain changes in consumer behavior. Adopting a behavioral psychology perspective, this paper argues that there is a rational pattern in the change of consumers' tastes. I argue that behavioral psychology offers us a unique perspective to solve some of the paradoxes of consumer behavior. This paper incorporates exibility into CES utility function to more adequately account for, and differentiate between, habit formation routines. A model is developed in which habit formation and consumption of new goods are interrelated.

This qualitative research aimed to understand the pathways of youth violence in educational settings in Thailand, both on and off the school grounds, to study situation and patterns of youth violence, and to elaborate on factors associated with such violence. This study employed a life-history approach, in-depth interviews, focus groups, and observations at six schools. The key informants were 6 administrators, 30 teachers, 30 students, and 30 parents. The results found that there are two pathways of youth violence: one in which some youths are caught in a cycle of violence; and the other in which they have reached a turning point and were able to stop being violent, with support from adults, and by having clear goals for their future. As for the situation and patterns of youth violence, typically the children and youth in this study easily resorted to violence. Generally, male youngsters are more violent than females, and they tend to use violence outside of school. They think that carrying a weapon is normal behavior. They feel that the laws are not fair, which causes them to prefer taking revenge. There are six relevant dimensions of violent factors, including youths, family, friends, schools, the community, or society, and one's culture, beliefs, and values. Each dimension can contribute to violent behavior and is related to the others. The findings have implications for youth behavior promotion and modification by involving various social groups, using socialization focused on appropriate psycho-social development, managing environment for stimulating positive behaviors, as well as cultivating good models, values and cultures for children and youth.

The current worldwide outbreak of the novel coronavirus Covid-19, originated from Wuhan (China), has spread to 6 continents, 213 countries and territories around the world. This paper aggregates and consolidates the state of the art about Sars Cov2 virology, molecular genetics, immunology, pathogenicity, epidemiology, explores the concept of crisis and psychological effects on population by the ongoing 2020 Covid-19 outbreak crisis vs previous pandemic impacts. The detailed description of this public health threat highlights the great uncertainty surrounding it. Uncertainty and confusion can amplify the psychological impact of this event on the general population. Results are summarized and discussed. Methodological suggestions are provided for studies aimed at investigating psychological effects of critical catastrophic and unexpected life events, such as a pandemic. The analyzed aspects have implications for healthcare professionals in their efforts to promote the psychological well-being of general population during critical unexpected events.

The scientific study of sleep deprivation, while longstanding, continues to be needed as the findings directly impact public health concerns. Increased symptomology in medical conditions, development of symptoms of disease such as increased blood pressure and heart rate, heightened blood sugar levels, increased infections due to reduced immune functioning, and inflammation [4]. In addition to the medical consequences of sleep deprivation are the reductions in psychological functioning. Decreased attention and focus have been consistently found with products of this function measured in sleep deprived college student low grades and decreased functioning in the classroom process [8]. The micro changes in cortical functioning in terms of reduced hippocampal synaptical activity to the cortex resulting in reduced processing and memory functioning [5]. Impaired synaptic functioning also leads to impaired synaptic plasticity. It is believed that this impaired cellular functioning is the root of the poor communication ability leading to compromised cortex driven activities of attention, concentration and memory.

Psychology is the science of behavior and mind. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought. It is an academic discipline of immense scope. Psychologists seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, and all the variety of phenomena linked to those emergent properties, joining this way the broader neuroscientific group of researchers. As a social science it aims to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles.

This paper examines the fundamental,assumptions underlying the concept of outcomes-based education in engineering. Tensions between these assumptions that derive from theorigins of the theory in the field of behavioral psychology and current practices of curriculumdesign in engineering are discussed. These tensions are potentially impeding factorsin the successful implementation,of the concept of educational outcomes,in engineering education. Behavioral learning and its

The article deals with the analysis of the influence of the psychology of human behaviour on user experience. The evolution of the conceptual apparatus in the field of designing the user interface, taking into account user experience. Based on recent research and publications, psychological concepts that are fundamental in designing software products based on user experience are summarized. The process of the cognitive load formation and its influence on user experience is described. Also, the article discusses the topic of the effect of cognitive load on user experience, and provides examples of how the research results of behavioural psychology improve the practice of developing user experience. The field of UX (user experience) is being studied in an area where design and experimental research are in conflict. Designing UX has gone a long way from commercial websites, where convenience and efficiency have almost never been taken into account for optimized interfaces designed to interact with users. Previously, the goal was to have as much content as possible on the interface, now the field of user experience has been extensively explored and optimized to offer the user the right content, functionality at the right time, and it also takes into account psychological and emotional needs of users. In the article psychological concepts which are fundamental to the design of UX, the formation of cognitive load and the effects on user experience are discussed. Since cognitive load plays an important role in the development of UX models, it is important to understand and take into account the laws that form it. In order to design an effective interface, one must study the psychology of a user who uses psychological concepts and theories. The analysis of user interaction with technology is aimed at developing and testing theories that explain or predict human behaviour. Based on the existing sources, the article describes how user experience is formed, as well as investigates the theory of levels of the emotion system.

Human behavior is the expression of held values and beliefs. While it is correct to believe that behavior can adjust over time due to the shift in personality that’s being expressed, after a certain age, the personality development becomes considerably more adaptive, which leads to a reasonably consistent behavioral style that makes for a good tangible measure of someone’s character. The study aimed to find patterns between someone’s intents, inclinations, and tendencies to act in the future and their behavioral style based on the DiSC model of behavior. It encompassed 187 undergraduate and 72 postgraduate students of Pharmaceutical Sciences from both public and private universities in Jordan from over eight nationalities. The researcher used a survey made up of two sections; the first section focuses on the student's intents, beliefs, and general information. The second section’s questions are used to determine which of the four behavioral styles the student belongs to. The study showed that, in terms of numbers, the “S” style of behavior makes up (66.8%) of total respondents, followed by “C” style (17%), “I” style (12%), and “D” style (4.2%). The analysis showed both the undergraduate and postgraduate student’s perspectives and revealed several links between each style and academic potential, self-belief, thoughts about higher education, and future career plans.

In this short paper, the authors begin by giving a general definition of what behavior is. From a wide range of deeds, they select a few key terms such as reactions and responses, processes and operations to explain what they mean as these terms play an important role in our understanding of what behavior is. From the definition of behavior, the authors move on to introduce the six different types of behavioral profile that can be divided into two categories. The first is of sociogenic origin consisting of Level #1 BD-Behavioral Disadvantages (lowest level and least severe), Level #2 BD-Behavioral Differences, and Level #3 BD-Behavioral Dimensions. The second is of neuro-psychogenic origin consists of Level #4 BD-Behavioral Difficulties, Level #5 BD-Behavioral Disabilities, and Level #6 BD-Behavioral Disorders (highest level and most severe). The rationale behind this paper is to inform counselors, educational therapists, teachers as well as parents and interested readers regarding the importance of differentiating among and between the different types of challenging behavior by recognizing the six different levels of behavioral profile according to the increasing degree of severity of behavioral challenges. In this way, appropriate early treatments can be planned to help resolve behavioral challenging issues encountered in the first BD category when these behavioral problems are still at the lower levels of severity. For more serious challenging behavioral issues seen in the second BD category, the treatments for such severe to profound behavioral conditions will be more complicated and they involve medical professionals such as psychiatrists and pharmacists, especially when medication (e.g., Zoloft, Adderall and Concerta) is included as part of the treatment plan. Other allied healthcare professionals such as behavioral psychologists, behavioral therapists and educational therapists may be included to provide intensive behavioral management/modification.

O presente trabalho tem por objeto as leading questions no direito estadunidense e a proibição, estabelecida pelo artigo 459 do Código de Processo Civil brasileiro de 2015, de formular perguntas que puderem induzir a resposta. O estudo consiste na análise do tratamento dado pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência norte-americanas às leading questions e na comparação entre esse tipo de questionamento e as perguntas indutivas do direito brasileiro, tencionando, sobretudo, compreender a proibição prevista no artigo 459 do Código de Processo Civil por meio da determinação de quais seriam as perguntas que podem induzir a resposta e de que modo induzem o respondente, com base não apenas na experiência norte-americana com as leading questions mas também nos estudos da semiótica e da psicologia comportamental. A monografia ainda se propõe a estabelecer determinados parâmetros segundo os quais os operadores do Direito possam observar a proibição de formular perguntas indutivas, contribuindo para diminuir, em alguma medida, o grau de discrição judicial que a proposição normativa do artigo 459 impõe quando de sua aplicação.

Behaviorism has made a powerful impact upon modern psychology.  Examining the history and current applications of behaviorism offers an opportunity to seek an understanding of behaviorism by exploring behaviorist theory, behaviorism’s “premiere theorists” – Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B. F. Skinner  – and their influence on the development of the behavioral, cognitive, and cognitive/behavior therapies and learning theories used in contemporary psychology.  Although behaviorism, in its purest form, did not survive in America, it was, nevertheless, successful in paving the way for potential-based learning, online education, and distance learning.

Concepts of "the self" and "self-awareness", and aspects of the experience of types of consciousness, are explored in terms of "cognitive" systems and their interactions. Some roles of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and their interactions are considered in relation to sentient consciousness, the sense of self, and conscious regulation of behavior. This 'introductory paper' is composed of modified selected extracts from: totalBRAINtotalMIND Vol.1 : An Integrated Brain/Mind Architecture Part 2: A Cognitive Architecture (pp16 -136) Part 3. Total Brain: structure, development, function, and an integrated neurocognitive architecture (pp137-321). tBtM Vol.1 is now available as an e-book from: http://totalbraintotalmind.co.uk/

Most contemporary text books of neurology and of psychology pay little attention to the function of the cerebellum beyond noting it to be an organ of motor control. A historical overview of research on cerebellar function is presented, from pre-Sherrinton suggestions of sensory and motor function, through the post-Sherrinton and dominant 20 th . Century view of "motor" function, to the 21 st . century perspective of "sensorimotor" function. The intrinsic capability of the cerebellum is briefly considered in terms of: its size/complexity/capacity; its information representation/processing characteristics (with "a particular computational function"); its sensory information processing capability; and, its role in sensorimotor regulatory control. It is suggested that the cerebellum can process sensorimotor stimulus information in a statistical (connectionist type) manner and respond to in on the basis of its own learning based sensorimotor representations, albeit at a "level" that does not necessarily involve cerebral "awareness".

Women with a history of abuse often have difficulty escaping abusive relationships. One potential factor that may influence this behavior is inappropriate sensitivity to delayed or diffused outcomes. The purpose of this research was to obtain measurements of sensitivity to delayed consequences in women with histories of abuse. Participants engaged in a hypothetical money choice task to determine the relative subjective value of delayed rewards. A quantitative model relating delay to subjective value was fit to each the data. Based upon comparison with data previously reported in the literature, women with histories of abuse discount delayed rewards to a lesser degree than the general population. Women with histories of abuse may be less impulsive and show signs of hypersensitivity to long-term outcomes. This may contribute to the individual sustaining an abusive relationship in hopes that the relationship will prove beneficial in the long run.