Bandwidth management

The mobile femtocell is the new paradigm for the femtocellular network deployment. It can enhance the service quality for the users inside the vehicles. The deployment of mobile femtocells generates lot of handover calls. Also, number of group handover scenarios are found in mobile femtocellular network deployment. In this paper, we focus on the resource management for the group handover in mobile femtocellular network deployment. We discuss a number of group handover scenarios. We propose a resource management scheme that contains bandwidth adaptation policy and dynamic bandwidth reservation policy. The simulation results show that the proposed bandwidth management scheme significantly reduces the handover call dropping probability without reducing the bandwidth utilization.

A novel wavelength and bandwidth allocation algorithm in WDM-EPON is proposed to provide subscriber differentiation by ensuring guaranteed bandwidth levels in the upstream direction. Contrary to previous schemes, the new algorithm is designed to save cost at both ends of the network, especially at the users' side, as it restricts the number of upstream wavelengths which can be used by them. Simulation results show that ShaWaG achieves better performance than other bandwidth allocation algorithms in WDM-EPONs but simultaneously it requires lower number of upstream wavelengths. The novel algorithm makes fairer bandwidth distribution than those methods as it ensures efficiently a minimum guaranteed bandwidth to every subscriber for a larger number of ONUs when compared to existing methods.

A novel bandwidth assignment algorithm in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks with different coverage, called DySGAB, is proposed to provide subscriber differentiation. In contrast to algorithms which allocate bandwidth based on fixed weighted factors, DySGAB continuously adapts the bandwidth assignation to fulfill the requirements of all profiles, leading to an outstanding performance. This auto-adjustment, which has not been implemented in any of today's algorithms, allows the network to evolve automatically to the stipulated values even if they change in real time. As a result, not only does DySGAB ensure the guaranteed bandwidth for every subscriber, but also is independent of the initial bandwidth restrictions, which is an advantageous characteristic for service providers.

The purpose of Resource Management is the efficient and effective use of network resources, for instance bandwidth. In this article, a connection oriented network scenario is considered, where a certain amount of bandwidth is reserved for each Label Switch Path (LSP), which is a logical path, in a MPLS or GMPLS environment. Assuming there is also some kind of admission control (explicit or implicit), these environments typically provide Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. It could happen that some LSPs become busy, thus rejecting connections, while other LSPs m q be underutilised. We propose a distributed lightweight monitoring technique, based on threshold values, the objective of which is to detect congestion when it occurs in an LSP and activate the corresponding alarm which will trigger a dynamic bandwidth reallocation mechanism.

ABSTRAKSI: VoD (Video on Demand) adalah suatu sistem dimana layanan digital video dikirimkan menggunakan Internet Protocol melalui jaringan infrastruktur diantaranya termasuk koneksi yang berkecepatan tinggi. Pengguna VoD dan layanan-layanan streaming berbasis IP lainnya yang semakin banyak ini tentu saja menimbulkan masalah dalam pengaturannya dan menyebabkan penuhnya traffic jaringan sehingga turunnya performansi jaringan. Untuk mengatasi penuhnya traffic pada jaringan perlu adanya pengaturan dengan menerapkan manajemen traffic dengan menggunakan disiplin antrian. Penerapan disiplin antrian dilakukan dengan menggunakan algoritma Hierarchical Fair Service Curve (HFSC), Token Bucket Filter (TBF) serta Stochastic Fair Queuing (SFQ) yang tersedia pada sistem operasi Linux. Ketiga disiplin antrian yang termasuk dalam metode classfull dan classless ini digunakan untuk membagi alokasi bandwidth pada layanan HTTP, FTP, dan VoD di jaringan LAN. Yang dianalisis dalam Tugas Akhir ini adalah ...

In order to bridge the speed disparity at the LAN-WAN interface, enterprises install a number of policy-based devices to enforce administrative policies over the WAN access. The conventional techniques of bandwidth management concentrate only on the outgoing traffic from the local network. Regulating the outgoing traffic is easy given that the user has full control over it. However, controlling the incoming traffic is difficult since the user has no control on the traffic sent by an Internet agent. This paper proposes a simple load balancing approach to optimize the use of WAN links in a multihomed environment. By distributing the user traffic among the various WAN links we try to optimize the utilization of incoming bandwidth on the access links thereby giving an indirect measure to control the incoming traffic. We deploy a prototype implementation of our approach on a campus network with high incoming traffic, to evaluate the performance benefits. Using a large collection of network traces, we find that even with a subnet-level of load balancing there can be significant increase in performance. The proposed load balancing approach can be used as a first step toward controlling the incoming traffic, before other actual bandwidth management techniques are applied.

Bandwidth allocation techniques for control loops closed over communication networks are based on static strategies that ensure average control performance at the expense of permanently occupying the available bandwidth. We present a dynamic approach to bandwidth management in networked control systems that allows control loops to consume bandwidth according to the dynamics of the controlled process while attempting to optimize overall control performance. By augmenting the original state-space representation of each controlled process with a new state variable that describes the network dynamics, 1) the allocation of bandwidth to control loops can be done locally at run-time according to the state of each controlled process without causing overload situations and 2) control laws can be designed to account for the variations in the assigned bandwidth preventing the unexpected control performance degradation and even destabilization that would otherwise occur. Experimental data shows that this approach improves control performance with respect to the static strategy and uses less bandwidth.

Bandwidth Management System Design Using Radius Server at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Palopo. This study aims to design and build a bandwidth management system using a radius server at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Palopo. The type of research used is a method with a qualitative approach. The stages of data collection are direct observation to the research location, then interviews with sources, namely madrasah staff, literature studies to collect references related to research, and questionnaires to determine the satisfaction of the research results. The problem that often arises is the lack of wifi signal emission which results in some madrasah rooms not getting an inadequate signal. The results of the research conducted by the author on the laboratory at the research location are that the new hotspot network design is more optimal for use in the learning process because the new bandwidth capacity is limited to each user, limiting the download and upload speed so as to reduce the occurrence of slow connectivity and excessive bandwidth usage if users accessing the network are more than 5 users. Keyword-Sistem, Management Bandwidth, Radius Server, Mikrotik ABSTRAK-Rancang Bangun Sistem Management Bandwidth Menggunakan Radius Server di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Palopo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun sebuah sistem management bandwidth dengan menggunakan radius server di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Palopo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun tahapan pengumpulan data yaitu observasi langsung ke lokasi peneitian, kemudian wawancara dengan narasumber yaitu staf madrasah, studi pustaka untuk mengumpulkan referensi terkait penelitian, serta kuesioner untuk mengetahui kepuasan dari hasil penelitian. Permasalahan yang sering muncul adalah kurangnya pancaran sinyal wifi yang mengakibatkan ada ruangan madrasah tidak mendapatkan sinyal yang kurang memadai. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan penulis pada laboratorium di lokasi penelitian adalah bahwa rancangan jaringan hotspot yang baru lebih optimal untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran karena pada pembuatan kapasitas bandwidth yang baru dilakukan pelimitan terhadap sertiap user, pelimitan terhadap kecepatan download dan upload sehingga megurangi terjadinya konektifitas yang lambat dan pemakaian bandwidth yang berlebihan jika user yang mengakses jaringan lebih dari 5 user. Kata kunci-Sistem, Management Bandwidth, Radius Server, Mikrotik.

Improving the quality of academic services in the field of network is the use of internet access for students, academic staff and lecturers at the Faculty of Engineering Majalengka University. Design Objectives and Implementation of hotspot user management using RB-750 at Majalengka University Faculty are: (1) to know how to design user management hotspot network using RB-750 at Faculty of Engineering Majalengka University; (2) to know how to design bandwitch management and user management with RB-750 at Faculty of Engineering Majalengka University and (3) to build the appropriate network of network topology. Based on the results of interviews and observations to internet access users at the Faculty of Engineering Majalengka University, there are still many shortcomings that occur in the implementation of hotspots that already exist, the uneven distribution of bandwitch to users and the limitations of tools that can accommodate users to connect to hotspots Faculty of Engineering Maj...

ABSTRAK Manajement bandwith dengan metode queue tree berfungsi untuk mengimplementasikan fungsi yang lebih komplex dalam limit bandwidth pada mikrotik dimana penggunaan packet mark nya memiliki fungsi yang lebih baik. Digunakan untuk membatasi satu arah koneksi saja baik itu download maupun upload. Dengan mikrotik, administrator dimudahkan dalam melakukan pengaturan bandwith secara merata, menentukan limiter bandwith, dan mengatur pengguna wireless. Administrator dapat memantau dan mengontrol penguna-pengguna yang terhubung ke jaringan internet hotspot dengan melakukan pengaturan dan pembagian bandwith sesuai kebutuhan sehingga mengoptimalkan ketersediaan bandwith yang ada, serta mampu memonitoring pengguna (user). Mikrotik menurut penulis merupakan solusi murah namun dapat dioptimalkan sebagai salah satu perangkat jaringan yang memiliki fitur-fitur yang dapat membantu administrator jaringan dalam melakukan tugasnya. KATA KUNCI bandwith,queue tree,manajemen,hotspot,mikrotik ABSTRACT Management of bandwidth by using a proxy method of queue tree serves to implement more complex functions within the bandwidth limit on the proxy where the use of its mark packet has better functions. Used to limit one direction only connection either download or upload with proxy, administrators facilitated in setting bandwidth evenly, determine the bandwidth limiter, and a set of wireless users. Administrators can monitor and control the user-users are connected to the internet hotspot network by managing and sharing of bandwidth as needed to optimize existing bandwidth availability, and be able to monitor users (user). Mikrotik according to the author is a cheap solution, but can be optimized as a network device that has features that can help network administrators in performing their duties.

This paper examines the performance of a new Hidden Markov Model (HMM) structure used as the core of an Internet traffic classsifier and compares the results against other models present in the literature. Traffic modeling and classification find importance in many areas such as bandwidth management, traffic analysis, prediction and engineering, network planning, Quality of Service provisioning and anomalous traffic detection. The new HMM structure, which takes into account the packet payload size (PS) and the inter-packet times (IPT) sequences, is obtained by concatenation of a first part which is framed with a HMM profile with another part whose structure is that of a fully-connected HMM. The first part captures the specific properties of the initial protocol packets while the second part captures the statistical properties of the whole sequence present in the flow. Models generated are found to increase the accurate in classifying different traffic classes in the analysed dataset. The average accuracy obtained by the classifier is 62.5% having seen only five packets, 80.0% after examining 13 packets and 95.5% after seeing the unidirectional entire flow.

Quality of Services in Multi-protocol layer switching for Virtual Private Network (MPLS-VPN) is one of important matter today. These networks experienced an increase of bandwidth size for enterprises LAN which are faster than the increased of bandwidth at WAN link. Thus, line speed is disparity and bottleneck is occurred at the link between WAN and LAN due to the unparalleled increase of bandwidth between these links. This paper presents a study of MPLS-VPN architecture and how to encounter the congestions problem by simulating traffic management on the path diversity and load balance using VRF-lite technique at enterprises MPLS-VPN. A test bed is set up and real enterprise MPLS-VPN network for traffic management is simulated. VRF-Lite traffic management is applied at identified two WAN headquarters and three branch network. WAN and LAN link is identified on primary and secondary network link. VRF-lite is used to overcome the bottle neck at the Branch WAN-LAN link and also to fully utilize all available links at the other sites. Adaptive traffic management is set where if it is identified that other link is not congested than traffic will pass through the link. Result presents analyzed of throughput and bandwidth utilization percentage on all identified links using ftp and http applications. Successful results present that all links at HQ and Branch is being utilized and the congestion at the Branch WAN-LAN link is avoided.

Internet pada saat ini bagi sebagaian orang sudah menjadi kebutuhan primer. Kebanyakan pengguna internet mengunjungi situs yang sama secara berulang-ulang dan seringkali pengguna internet mengakses situs yang sama secara bersama-sama dalam jaringan lokal yang sama. Karena terbatasnya bandwidth dan banyaknya para pengguna maka koneksi internet akan menjadi sangat lambat. Squid adalah salah satu program cache proxy yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan bandwidth dengan menyimpan objek-objek dari halaman web yang sering dikunjungi kedalam cache lokal. Sehingga apabila ada permintaan untuk membuka halaman web yang sama akan diambilkan dari cache proxy sehingga akan mengurangi waktu akses dan konsumsi bandwidth Pengembangan program Squid pada sistem operasi Windows ini bertujuan untuk membantu pengguna internet dalam melakukan penghematan bandwidth. Dengan adanya pengembangan program Squid pada sistem operasi Windows dapat membantu dalam melakukan efisiensi penggunaan ba...

Conrrolled multicast scheme provides instanraneous service, but limited sewer bandwidth causes some user requests to be either delayed or rejected when insufficient free bandwidrh is available. In this paper, rwo borrowing schemes are proposed for insranraneous video-on-demand (VOD) thar reduce user request blocking rate by borrowing bandwidth from ongoing video streams when rhere is insuflcienr free bandwidth for rhe server to deliver a new video stream. Both these new schemes have been proven ro successfully reduce blocking rare and increase bandwidth utilization ar the expense of temporarily degrading the video quality.

The next generation of cellular mobile networks will support multimedia applications. However, these applications differ in terms of QoS (Quality of Service) requirements, each one inflicting constraints which are specific to this kind of environment due to its limited bandwidth. Based on this, in this paper, we propose alternative schemes of CAC (Call Admission Control) combined with adjacent cells bandwidth reservation schemes, in an end-to-end approach. This proposal try to attend various multimedia services according to their QoS requirements, also reducing the dropping probabilities during the handoff procedures, prioritizing the users already admitted in the network. The results based on simulations shows that it is possible to guarantee low levels of CDP (Call Dropping Probabilities), increasing the user satisfaction.

Peningkatan jumlah lanjut usia dalam beberapa tahun ini akan memberikan masalah apabila kurangnya
pemahaman tentang penyakit kronis pada kelompok umur lanjut usia dan dampaknya terhadap kualitas hidup
mereka. Tujuan utama kegiatan ini adalah memberikan edukasi pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang masalah
kesehatan yang mereka hadapi serta cara mengatasinya. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi penyusunan materi
edukasi, edukasi bagi pengasuh lanjut usia, dan evaluasi dampak kegiatan melalui pre-test dan post-test.
Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2023, dengan 25 peserta yang ikut dalam kegiatan ini. Hasil
kegiatan ini menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang berbagai masalah kesehatan dan strategi untuk
meningkatkan kualitas hidup lansia setelah diberikan edukasi. Kegiatan pemeriksaan status kesehatan dan
penilaian kualitas hidup lanjut usia menggunakan kuesioner juga dilakukan dalam kegiatan ini. Sebanyak 52%
peserta menderita hipertensi, penyakit jantung, dan penyakit endokrin metabolik. Domain fisik baik paling
rendah dibandingkan dengan domain kualitas hidup yang lain. Kesimpulannya, kegiatan edukasi kesehatan
masyarakat berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup lansia dengan memberikan pengetahuan
yang tepat dan kemampuan yang diperlukan untuk menghadapi tantangan kesehatan yang mereka alami.

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach of stability awareness routing for efficient utilization of Bandwidth by use of Bandwidth Threshold. Earlier work on routing in MANETs had resulted in several routing protocols which targets at finding a viable route from source to destination without taking into consideration battery backup or Bandwidth availability for data transfer & they frequently fails to discover stable routes between source and destination, resulting in network overloading & discarding of data packets. In Novel stability awareness routing protocol, selects only the route which can provides minimum required Bandwidth and uptime to support the data transfer for the expected duration. The Novel stability awareness routing (NSAR) resolves the problem of SADSR protocol & provide better results in terms of route discovery success rate with multiple route establishment, maintenance overheads and enhancing QOS.

The definition of the IEEE 802.1Q and IEEE 802.1p standards provided Class of Service (CoS) capabilities to Ethernet networks and, consequently, allowed new QoS services to be deployed. This is used by the Subnet Bandwidth Management (SBM) protocol, an RSVP-based protocol that provides IntServ-like services at Ethernet level. This paper proposes an alternative way to quality of service provision and resource allocation in Ethernet networks, based on the emerging IETF NSIS framework. The proposed approach was validated as a proof of concept by simulation, showing the ability of NSIS to provide QoS differentiation in Ethernet scenarios.

We describe the architecture of FlowQoS, a system that makes it easier for users in home broadband access networks to configure quality of service based on applications and devices, as opposed to obscure, low-level parameters. The central tenet of FlowQoS's design is control logic that performs application identification and uses flow-table rules to forward traffic through the appropriate rate shapers on a home router. The architecture has two components: a flow classifier, which maps application traffic to the appropriate parts of flow space; and an SDN-based rate shaper, which shapes application traffic by forwarding it through the appropriate shaped virtual links in the home gateway. This paper describes the high-level architecture of FlowQoS, as well as our current implementation.

Due to the recent evolution of telecommunications infrastructure and the Internet as a commodity market for bandwidth, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) encounter new issues concerned with bandwidth management for the network interconnection. Bandwidth commodity exchange is considered a new B2B (Business-to-Business) electronic commerce application that brings new market opportunities to carriers and service providers for managing their bandwidth resources. This paper develops market-based bandwidth management optimization models for Differentiated Service (DiffServ) QoS (Quality of Service) networks using an implementation of the bandwidth management agent, BMP (Bandwidth Management Point). We use network economic models to formulate an optimization problem for the interconnection and resource allocation policy of the DiffServ network. We formulate and develop those economic models as optimization problems of LP, NLP, MILP and mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), and discuss the pricing mechanisms and available solution approaches for the implementation of the BMP's resource optimization process. Different opportunity costs are estimated based on the results of a network simulation using traffic flow statistics measured from a recent Internet backbone. We then numerically simulate the behavior of backbone network ISPs to optimize their profits for various demand scenarios.

The IEEE P802.17 workgroup has standardized a ring network architecture and associated protocol called Resilient Packet Ring (RPR). RPR tries to overcome previous MAN technologies shortcomings in high-speed networks. The RPR fairness mechanism suffers from severe permanent oscillations under certain conditions. Several propositions were made to solve this problem but all needed significant modifications of the current RPR protocol. In this paper, we propose an improved algorithm to prevent tail node induced oscillations. It requires only simple modifications to the current fair rate advertisement mechanism of RPR. Our simulation results show that the improvements work under various conditions and increase the average throughput of RPR.

In wireless network, the support for Quality of Service (QoS) depends on the ability of a network to estimate the available bandwidth of a link effectively and efficiently. Due to the shared nature of the wireless medium, there has been challenges in achieving an accurate measurement of the available bandwidth. This paper therefore proposes an efficient available bandwidth estimation approach that improves the accuracy of previously proposed approach for accurate measurement. The approach used in this paper is to passively estimate the available bandwidth, where the maximum range of the channel idle time measurement used in the calculation is re-defined to address the outer zone range threshold (OZR). This limits the under-estimation and over-estimation of bandwidth measurement. The proposed approach used limits the network overhead and achieves accuracy and efficiency. Results obtained from the simulation shows how our proposed approach out-performs the state-of the-art approach in...

The widespread of wireless mobile network have increased the demand for its applications. Providing a reliable QoS in wireless medium, especially mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), is quite challenging and remains an ongoing research trend. One of the key issues of MANET is its inability to accurately predict the needed and available resources to avoid interference with already transmitting traffic flow. In this work, we propose a resource allocation and admission control (RAAC) solution. RAAC is an admission control scheme that estimates the available bandwidth needed within a network, using a robust and accurate resource estimation technique. Simulation results obtained show that our proposed scheme for MANET can efficiently estimate the available bandwidth and outperforms other existing approaches for admission control with bandwidth estimation.

Autonomic management within autonomic computing framework is considered as the future and viable solution for many appliances, either in software or hardware. Nevertheless, its current research application in computer networks is mainly visible in the intra domain space, and less attention is given to inter domain between one core network and another. This paper reviews some of the work on autonomic management and presents a framework that can be extended to a global and universal solution, such as fulfilling demand on bandwidth management, Quality of Service (QOS), and Service Level Agreements (SLA). The autonomic computing self-* features are considered to show the viability of the proposed framework.

Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisis QoS Pada Pembagian Bandwidth menggunakan metode HTB (Hierarchical Tocken Bucket), PCQ(Per Connection Queue)  dengan Layer 7 protocol sebagai limit file berekstensi, PCQ dan Hotspot. Pada HTB menggunakan teknik antrian queue tree, PCQ dengan Layer 7 protocol, PCQ menggunakan teknik antrian simple queue, hotspot menggunakan teknik antrian simple queue. Sehingga didapat perbandingan dari metode HTB (Hierarchical Tocken Bucket), PCQ dengan Layer 7 protocol, PCQ dan hotspot akan diterapkan pada mikrotik RB750GL. Hasil akhir penelitian ini diukur dengan parameter-parameter QoS throughput, delay (latency), jitter (variasi kedatangan paket), Packet loss. Adapun hasil pengujian dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pada trafik jam sibuk untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kinerja performansi management bandwidth dengan metode-metode tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian untuk performance QoS yang lebih baik untuk memanagement bandwidth di dapat nilai throughput, jitte...

Perancangan topologi jaringan yang aman merupakan solusi untuk mengamankan server sebuah instansi. Serangan hacker yang kerap sekali mencari kesempatan untuk mengetahui aktivitas suatu jaringan, dan mencari celah kelemahan yang ada. Teknik dengan kemampuan dalam merecord semua kegiatan paket masuk dan keluar pada suatu data dan mencari intersep yang memungkinkan merecord username dan password ketika host login pada suatu ur, dalam hal ini pada segmen jaringan antara host dan hacker disebut Teknik Sniffing. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan teknik sniffing untuk mengetahui kelemahan dari jaringan wifi dan LAN di Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan. Dari hasil penelitian beberapa host yang menjadi target sniffing, diketahui mengakses beberapa url sosisal media dan page login url lainnya. Akses username dan password di record ketika aplikasi bettercap melakukan fitur sniffer disetiap hostnya. Ada beberapa host yang dijadikan target hanya akan tetapi username dan password tid...

The function of bandwidth is to manage network bandwidth so that each network user can get the same bandwidth even though there are many users on the network. The use of the internet and computer networks is needed to support company operations. bandwidth requirements used are not small. In many companies, they have to get an internet connection for their individual needs and because the internet speed is only 10 Mbps, if it is not used according to the needs of the job, it will interfere with other workers who want to use the internet at PT. Five Main Techniques. To realize good bandwidth management, therefore the author will make bandwidth management with the simple queue method so that PT. Panca Teknik Utama has a network that can be used stably and according to the needs of each user even though many are using the internet simultaneously. To be able to make bandwidth management the author uses the observation method, interview method, and literature study method to collect data ...

2003 wurde in der Arbeitsgruppe von Prof. Hans-Peter Fiedler, Universität Tübingen ein Screening mit 930 Extrakten von 301 Actinomyces-Stämmen durchgeführt. Dabei wurde nach einem Inhibitor der p-Aminobenzoesäure (pABA)-Biosynthese gesucht. 22,44 Die pABA ist ein Zwischenprodukt bei der Biosynthese der Folsäure, welche von Pflanzen, Prokaryonten, Pilzen sowie von Parasiten der Apicomplexa-Gruppe synthetisiert werden kann, aber nicht von Wirbeltieren, welche Folsäure aus der Nahrung aufnehmen. Daher wirkt ein Inhibitor der Folsäurebiosynthese nicht bei Wirbeltieren. Ein einziger Extrakt führte zu dem gesuchten Effekt: der spezifischen Hemmung der Umwandlung von Chorismat zu pABA. Dieser Extrakt wurde mittels HPLC-DAD analysiert und fünf Peaks konnten identifiziert werden, deren UV-Spektrum auf neuartige Strukturen hinwiesen (Abbildung 1). 45 Abbildung 1: Chromatogramm eines Verrucosispora AB18032 Extrakts mit den UVSpektren der einzelnen Abyssomicine. 22 Die Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung der einzelnen Substanzen durch Bojan Bister et al. und Simone Keller sowie Kathrin Schneider aus der Arbeitsgruppe von Prof. Roderich Süßmuth führte zur Identifizierung von zwei Substanzgruppen. Abyssomicin B-D sind Spiroverbindungen mit mindestens vier Ringen (Abbildung 2), Abyssomicin A ist ein Peptid, welches große Ähnlichkeit zu Distamycin zeigt und Proximicin C genannt wurde (Abbildung 3). 46,47 Abyssomicin E konnte nicht isoliert werden, da es außer im initialen Extrakt nie wieder nachgewiesen wurde.

This paper presents a novel paradigm of Streaming as a Service (SAS) to model correlated multi-streaming in Distributed Interactive Multimedia Environments. We propose SAS Kernel, a generic, distributed, and modular service kernel realizing SAS concept. SAS Kernel features high flexibility by employing a configurable interface to allow for input of correlated multi-streams (bundle of streams) from diverse types of sensory devices. It is also highly extensible by allowing user-controlled functions to be applied to bundle of streams in runtime. Experiments with real-world applications demonstrate that the SAS Kernel incurs low overhead in delay, CPU, and bandwidth demands.

Quality of Service (QoS) is becoming an integral part of current ubiquitous Distributed Interactive Multimedia Environments (DIMEs) because of their high resource and real-time interactivity demands. It is highly influenced by the management techniques of available resources in these cyber-physical environments. We consider QoS and resource management influenced by two most important resources; the computing (CPU) and networking resources. In this paper, we survey existing DIME-relevant QoS and resource management techniques for these two resources, present their taxonomy, compare them, and show their impacts on DIMEs. Finally, we discuss appropriateness of those techniques in a sample DIME scenario.

Perancangan topologi jaringan yang aman merupakan solusi untuk mengamankan server sebuah instansi. Serangan hacker yang kerap sekali mencari kesempatan untuk mengetahui aktivitas suatu jaringan, dan mencari celah kelemahan yang ada. Teknik dengan kemampuan dalam merecord semua kegiatan paket masuk dan keluar pada suatu data dan mencari intersep yang memungkinkan merecord username dan password ketika host login pada suatu ur, dalam hal ini pada segmen jaringan antara host dan hacker disebut Teknik Sniffing. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan teknik sniffing untuk mengetahui kelemahan dari jaringan wifi dan LAN di Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan. Dari hasil penelitian beberapa host yang menjadi target sniffing, diketahui mengakses beberapa url sosisal media dan page login url lainnya. Akses username dan password di record ketika aplikasi bettercap melakukan fitur sniffer disetiap hostnya. Ada beberapa host yang dijadikan target hanya akan tetapi username dan password tid...

Heliscus lugdunensis Stamm H4-2-4 wurde aus einem stark Schwermetall-belasteten Standort im ehemaligen Kupferschiefer-Bergbaugebiet Mansfelder Land (Mitteldeutschland) isoliert. Unter Cadmiumstress konnte in diesem aquatischen Hyphomyceten neben erhöhten Glutathion- und Phytochelatin-2-Gehalten auch die Induktion eines Metallothioneins (MT2_NECLU) beobachtet werden. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde das für MT2_NECLU codierende Gen sequenziert sowie ein Teil der regulatorischen upstream-Region dieses Gens mit vier putativen upstream activating sequences (UAS) identifiziert. Ein weiteres Ziel der Arbeit war die Strukturuntersuchung des kleinen MT2_NECLU-Proteins mit Hilfe verschiedener Methoden (z.B. Homologiemodellierung, Circulardichroismus-Spektroskopie und NMR-Spektroskopie). MT2_NECLU ist unter den verwendeten Bedingungen ein intrinsisch unstrukturiertes Protein, das erst halb rechts- und dann halb linksgängig zwei Cadmiumionen tetraedrisch komplexiert.

One of the challenges in the interconnection of LAN's and MAN's to ATM is the support of connectionless traffic in the ATM network. A commonly proposed strategy consists of maintaining a "thin" (i.e., low bandwidth) VP (virtual path) between each pair of gateways, and of requesting more bandwidth whenever a burst comes in from the LAN or MAN. Unfortunately, this strategy places a heavy burden on the ATM control processors; furthermore, it is overly conservative in the use of bandwidth. An alternative solution is proposed: on the-fly transmission of bursts without prior bandwidth reservation. The key conditions for this scheme to work are the use of the CLP (cell loss priority) bit in the ATM cell header, and the knowledge of available bandwidth on the path through "bandwidth advertising." An "on-the-fly'' strategy for connectionless traffic is described and is compared with a bandwidth renegotiation strategy.

An ATM virtual private network (AVPN) offers to a multisite customer an ATM transport service based on a 'virtual' topology of dedicated VPs embedded in a larger ATM backbone. The goal of AVPN is to allow the efficient and flexible use of the resources by giving to the customer considerable autonomy in managing such resources. In this paper, we show how this goal can be achieved by exploiting standard ATM features. We also show that a critical issue in AVPN design is congestion control within an AVPN and prevention of interference across different AVPNs. We propose various design alternatives for AVPNs, evaluate their performance and compare their congestion control and dynamic bandwidth allocation features.

Credit Union (CU) Tunas Harapan, sebuah kantor yang menggunakan 20 komputer dengan total bandwidth 9.73 Mbps. Tingginya akses user yang menggunakan internet, koneksi menjadi tidak stabil, serta banyaknya user yang mengunakan layanan internet, media sosial, streaming dalam waktu jam kerja mengakibatkan penurunan performasi pekerjaan, sehingga dibutuhkan cara untuk mengoptimalkan bandwidth dan optimasi keamanan. Agar bandwidth yang tersedia dapat digunakan secara merata, diterapkan metode Simple Queue, dengan menggunakan mikrotik router board RB750. Sedangkan optimasi keamanan dengan pembatasan akses. Dari hasil pengujian yang didapat bahwa metode Simple Queue cukup baik dan masing-masing komputer mendapatkan bandwidth secara adil dan merata serta pembatasan akses dapat semakin mengefisienkan bandwidth sekaligus meningkatkan performa pekerjaan.

Bandwidth is data transfer rate between client and server on the networking which is usually expressed in bits per second (bps). The most important problem on the Internet is domination resource and bandwidth by some user, meanwhile other user did not get resource and bandwidth properly. To solve that problem we need to implement traffic control and bandwidth management system in router. In this research the author will implement Hierarchical Token Bucket algorithm as a queue discipline (qdsic) to produce bandwidth management properly. The final result on this research is management bandwidth cheaply and efficiently by using Hierarchical Token Bucket qdisc on router with linux operating system. Index Terms-traffic control, Hierarchical Token Bucket, bandwidth management, linux. Abstrak-Bandwidth adalah nilai hitung atau perhitungan konsumsi transfer data telekomunikasi yang dihitung dalam satuan bit per detik atau yang biasa disingkat bps yang terjadi antara komputer server dan komputer client dalam waktu tertentu dalam sebuah jaringan komputer. Salah satu masalah terpenting dari jaringan internet adalah pendominasian sumberdaya jaringan dan bandwidth oleh sejumlah pengguna tertentu sementara pengguna yang lain tidak dapat memperoleh bandwidth yang semestinya mereka dapatkan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut perlu diterapkannya traffic control dan sistem pengaturan bandwidth pada router. Pada penelitian ini penulis ingin menerapkan algoritma Hierarchical Token Bucket sebagai disiplin antriannya untuk mendapatkan pengaturan bandwidth yang akurat, sehinga pengguna layanan dapat mendapatkan bandwidth sebagaimana mestinya. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah terbentuknya suatu manajemen bandwidth yang murah dan efisien dengan menggunakan disiplin antrian Hierarchical Token Bucket pada Sistem Operasi Linux yang mampu mengatur penggunaan bandwidth sesuai dengan diinginkan.

Passive Optical Networks (PONs) represent a step forward in "first mile" networks; indeed, by using optical technologies, PONs can transfer a large amount of data, and by being completely passive, they reduce management costs and failure probabilities. Access network is logically a point-to-multipoint network and the tree topology emerged as the winning solution; however, it naturally lacks protection capability and requires local traffic to be processed by the Optical Line Terminal. In this paper, we present WONDER, a novel PON architecture based on a folded bus topology, which offers fault resilience and efficient local traffic support, and we discuss WONDER strengths and weaknesses. This full text paper was peer reviewed at the direction of IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the IEEE "GLOBECOM" 2008 proceedings.

The rapid development of wireless in-building communication systems, has widened the scope of supported applications. Remote terminals may be capable of producing broadband real-time traffic such as variable bit-rate (VBR) video or bursty data transfers. Consequently one of the important issues in indoor broadband wireless networks (IBWN) is employment of an efficient bandwidth management protocol. In such a protocol, both the effects of radio channel behavior and the traffic heterogeneity have to be considered. In this paper we present a bandwidth allocation scheme based on the interplay of the radio channel characteristics and the traffic parameters and requirements. In the proposed scheme the base station visits the terminals in a non-uniform cyclic fashion. The inter-visit interval and the amount of service which is provided to each user during a visit, is determined using the channel and traffic parameters based on an analytical approach. This system is evaluated by simulations...

We describe the architecture of FlowQoS, a system that makes it easier for users in home broadband access networks to configure quality of service based on applications and devices, as opposed to obscure, low-level parameters. The central tenet of FlowQoS's design is control logic that performs application identification and uses flow-table rules to forward traffic through the appropriate rate shapers on a home router. The architecture has two components: a flow classifier, which maps application traffic to the appropriate parts of flow space; and an SDN-based rate shaper, which shapes application traffic by forwarding it through the appropriate shaped virtual links in the home gateway. This paper describes the high-level architecture of FlowQoS, as well as our current implementation.

Without widely deployed mechanisms for resource reservation, adaptive, best-effort techniques are the only methods of congestion control available to interactive, real-time applications. Here we discuss media scaling techniques for the audio component of videoconferencing systems and describe an experimental version of the ProShare system that incorporates two of these techniques. We also report the results of experiments using these techniques to adapt to daytime Internet traffic conditions.

The Fifth Generation (5G) of mobile communications is the most exciting emerging technology for researchers and scientists to get the full benefit of a network system. However, 5G networks confront massive threats and vulnerabilities including protection, privacy, and secrecy. To face these challenges in the increasingly interconnected Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, we aim to leverage state-of-the-art technologies as Software Defined Networking (SDN) in conjunction with Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Blockchain, and Machine Learning (ML). Indeed, these technologies convey a robust and secure setting in the networking platform enabling to manage several criticalities related to security, privacy, flexibility, and performance. In light of these considerations, in this paper, we propose the "BlockSD-5GNet" architecture to efficiently improve the security of a 5G network and to exploit the combined advantages of Blockchain, SDN, NFV, and ML. In the proposed architecture, the SDN helps to manage the network by dividing it into data plane and control plane, while the Blockchain guarantees improved security and confidentiality. Therefore, the "BlockSD-5GNet" architecture can both secure sensitive data and attain reliable data transfer within and between the 5G network-infrastructure planes. Additionally, an ML module is integrated into the SDN controller to estimate network bandwidth and assist the administrator in taking effective decisions and satisfying high-bandwidth demand. We assess the performance of the "BlockSD-5GNet" architecture via an experimental evaluation performed in a simulation environment, and show the effectiveness of the proposed solution in comparison with baseline schemes. Finally, we also demonstrate the capability of different ML models in bandwidth prediction.

Resource reservation must operate in an efficient and scalable fashion, to accommodate the rapid growth of the Internet. In this paper, we describe a distributed architecture for interdomain aggregated resource reservation for unicast traffic. We also present an associated protocol, called the Border Gateway Reservation Protocol (BGRP), that scales well, in terms of message processing load, state storage and bandwidth. Each stub or transit domain may use its own intra-domain resource reservation protocol. BGRP builds a sink tree for each of the stub domains. Each sink tree aggregates bandwidth reservations from all data sources in the network. Since backbone routers maintain only the sink tree information, the total number of reservations at each router scales linearly with the number of Internet domains N. (Even aggregated versions of the current protocol RSVP have a reservation count that can grow like O(N 2).) BGRP maintains these aggregated reservations using "soft state." To further reduce the protocol message traffic, routers may reserve bandwidth beyond the current load, so that some sources can join or leave the tree without sending messages all the way to the tree root. BGRP relies on Differentiated Services for data forwarding, hence the number of packet classifier entries is extremely small.

Abstrak-Software Defined Network (SDN) merupakan paradigma baru dalam sistem jaringan. Konsep dasar yang diusung oleh SDN adalah pemisahan antara layer control dan forward dalam perangkat yang berbeda. Konsep inilah yang menjadi perbedaan anatar SDN dan jaringan konvensional. Selain itu SDN memberikan konsep network topology virtualisation dan memungkinkan administrator untuk melakukan customize pada control plane. Dengan diterapkannya protokol OpenFlow pada SDN maka terdapat peluang untuk menerapkan perutingan flow based pada jaringan SDN dalam pendistribusian data dari source sampai ke destination. Link state IS-IS merupakan protokol routing yang menggunakan algoritma djikstra untuk menentukan jalur terbaik dalam pendistribusian paket. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis terhadap implementasi Link State IS-IS pada paltform SDN dengan menggunakan arsitektur RouteFlow. Parameter yang digunakan adalah throughput, delay, jitter dan packet loss serta performansi perangkat controller. Hasil pengujian pada kondisi overload yaitu dengan background traffic 125 Mb nilai packet loss mencapai 1,23%, nilai throughput 47,6 Mbp/s dan jitter 2.012 ms. Nilai delay terbesar adalah pada topology 11 switch 11 host yaitu berkisar diangka 553 ms. Sedangkan performansi perangkat controller dengan konsumsi memory pada saat menjalankan mengontrol jaringan berkisar diantara 25,638% sampai 39,04%. Kata kunci-Software Defined Network; OpenFlow; RouteFlow; QoS; Linkstate; IS-IS, Background Traffic Abstract-Software Defined Network (SDN) is a new paradigm in network system. The basic consept used by SDN is separation beetwen control and forward layer. This concept makes SDN different from todays trditional network. In addition SDN provides network topology virtualization concept and allows administrators to customize the control plane [1]. With the implementation of OpenFlow protocol on SDN, then there is an opportunity to apply a routing in the SDN network from source to destination. Link State IS-IS is a routing protocol use djikstra alghoritm to determine the best path. This research analyse the implementation of Link State IS-IS use RouteFlow architecture. Some parameter are used such as throughput, delay, jitter and packet loss also controller device performance. Results of the analysis showed that based on the above parameters , the IS-IS link state can be implemented on the platform SDN. The result in overload condition is with 125 Mb background traffic, packet loss value reach 1.23% and throughput is 47.6 MB/s and jitter is 2.012ms. The biggest value of delay is happened when network use 11 switch and 11 host topology. In that condition delay value reach 553 ms. While controller device performance consume the memory between 25.638% until 39.04% when it run the topologies.

DiffServ model is known to be the most used model to handle QoS over IP networks. Moreover this model has the advantage to be appropriate for use on large network contrary to the IntServ model that suffers from scalability problem. However, the DiffServ model has two major difficulties: routers' configuration and resources' allocation problems. In this paper, we introduce a new approach based on customers' Service Level Agreements (SLA) declaration. The resource allocation is done by a federal entity called Bandwidth Broker implemented using Web-Services. Our proposal avoids the use of signaling protocol between the Bandwidth Broker and the core routers when establishing a new flow. Thus, core routers do not have the responsibility to store the customers' traffics information and therefore, we respect the DiffServ model philosophy. Our tool provides the admission control and resource allocation management using overbooking techniques which guarantees the performances of priority traffics.

Perkembangan teknologi informasi mengalami peningkatan dari waktu ke waktu meningkatkan kebutuhan terhadap penggunaan teknologi informasi. Setiap pengguna memiliki kebutuhan layanan informasi yang berbeda-beda. Maka, dibutuhkan suatu sistem load balancing multi-service untuk meminimalisir kemacetan traffic dan dapat mengurangi beban kerja server. Load balancing merupakan metode jaringan komputer untuk melakukan pembagian beban pada server. HAproxy dan Zevenet merupakan load balancer yang mendukung beragam jenis service seperti HTTP dan FTP. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perbandingan kinerja HAproxy dan Zevenet dalam pengimplemetasian multiservice load balancing. Pengujian kinerja dilakukan dengan mengirimkan 1000 , 2500 dan 5000 koneksi yang merepresentasikan kondisi jaringan untuk low, medium dan high traffic pada service HTTP dan FTP. Algoritme yang digunakan pada pengujian adalah round robin dan least connection dan parameter yang diuji adalah response time dan resource utilizati...

New multimedia services provision, that requires high transfer speeds, and end to end network guaranteed delays, is an under research field in mobile communications. These services are currently supported by ATM networks, that are, in fact the base of the fixed network in whole mobile communication systems. However, new generations of digital wireless communication systems, based in TDMA, have bandwidth and signalling limitations to support this services. A important problem in this scenario is the synchronisation on multimedia flows when a hand-off is performed. We propose, from a typical architecture ATM fixed network/TDMA wireless system, some improvements in the synchronisation process of multimedia flows after a handoff procedure.