Automobile Manufacturing Industry

Este trabalho analisa a criação de cenários no software de simulação ARENA® que mostrem o aumento do nível de utilização dos equipamentos utilizados no processo de estampagem de um determinado produto, mostrando as possibilidades que uma empresa pode ter ao fazer o gerenciando de seus equipamentos, mão de obra e tempo de processamento. O uso da simulação se faz necessário devido às suas vantagens, como o baixo ou inexistente custo financeiro e também a não interferência no dia a dia da empresa, facilitando assim a verificação de hipóteses e tomada de decisões no ambiente virtual. O objetivo é aumentar aproveitamento do poder produtivo da empresa, através do aumento do nível de utilização dos equipamentos nas empresas, buscando reduzir a ociosidade na produção. Assim utilizando a simulação para mostrar e testar as hipóteses que consigam alcançar o melhor resultado possível. Este propósito será conseguido a partir do estudo de caso que se desenvolveu inicialmente por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre sistemas, modelagem e simulação a fim de conhecer as vantagens e desvantagens de se utilizar esses métodos e posteriormente por uma analise do processo de estampagem de metal de uma empresa metalúrgica para a criação do modelo utilizado na ferramenta de simulação computacional. Foram analisados três cenários, tendo como variações, a quantidade de colaboradores, recursos e sequenciamento de produção.

This paper contributes to the literature on how firms change their advertising strategies after a corporate scandal by providing both a theoretical model and an empirical evaluation based on the idea that advertising acts as a signal of the product quality that is modulated by the number of competing substitutes in the market. This result is new to the literature and helps to explain cases in which, possibly counter-intuitively, a firm affected by a corporate scandal may optimally decide to reduce its advertising expenditures, rather than increase it, in an attempt to restore its reputation as quickly as possible. We find empirical support for this result in the Volkswagen Group's response to the Dieselgate scandal.

Indian economy has been growing rapidly in the post liberalisation period since 1991. India's share of global GDP has grown between 2017 and 2023, rising from 3.2% to 7.59%. However, India's export performance lags in comparison to the growth of its GDP. India's export performance marginally improved from 1.7% in 2018 to 2.1% in 2022, despite exports having expanded to 115 countries. While the ranking of merchandise export advanced to 17 th , share of value-added improved only marginally from 1.7% in 2014 to 1.82% in 2023. The FDI inflows and GVC participation delivers a plethora of benefits such as knowledge spill overs, access to technology, productivity growth, job creation and improved competitiveness. India with its specialisation and comparative advantage in low, medium and high-skilled labour and technology-intensive manufacturing has benefited from both FDI inflows and GVC participation. Nevertheless, India's integration into GVC is slow and significantly lower compared to other emerging economies. This descriptive study attempts to identify the determinants of GVC participation, and constraints faced by MSMEs in GVC integration. The study recommends intensive augmentation of service inputs to increase MSME involvement for higher capacity utilisation and improve integration of both Domestic Value Chain (DVC) and Global Value Chains (GVC) for improving the overall performance of the MSMEs.

Wie geht ein weltweit operierender Konzern vor, wenn Hallen für die industrielle Produktion errichtet werden sollen? Wie können Architekten sich mit dieser Frage beschäftigen, wenn dabei gleichzeitig verschiedene klimatische Bedingungen, diverse planungsrechtliche Umstände und unterschiedliche Arbeitsbedingungen eine Rolle spielen? Und, welchen Einfluss besitzen grundlegende Themen der Ökonomie, Vorfertigung, Funktionalität und Nachhaltigkeit für innovative Produktionsbauten der Industrie? Der Lehrstuhl für Raumkunst und Lichtgestaltung an der Architekturfakultät der TUM ist in Partnerschaft mit der BMW Group dieser Frage im
Rahmen der Veranstaltung DAS GESETZ DER SERIE SPACES OF PRODUCTION nachgegangen.
Die Veranstaltung wurde Studierenden des Diplom- studiengangs als Vertiefungsentwurf (zweisemestrig) und des Masterstudiengangs als Projekt (mit Option auf Folgeprojekt) angeboten. Der Bearbeitungszeitraum umfasste das Wintersemester 2012/2013 und das Sommersemester 2013. Das
Thema waren innovative Produktionshallen für die Automobilindustrie, die Nutzungsszenarien von Logistik zu Karosseriebau beinhalten sollten. Wesentliche Anforderungen waren Minimierung und Modularisierung im Spannungsfeld von Standardisierung, Flexibilität und Anpassung.
Teilnehmende Studierende wurden dabei von wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeitern des Lehrstuhls in seminaristischer Betreuung an das Thema heran- geführt. Angestrebt wurde nicht nur die architektonische Auseinandersetzung mit grossen Produktionsgebäuden, sondern ebenso eine intensive, koordinierte und disziplinierte Zusammenarbeit mit dem Partner, der in allen Phasen des Entwurfs beteiligt war. Die Wahl der Orte stand in Zusammenhang mit der Verdichtung bestehender europä- ischer Werksanlagen und der Erschliessung neuer internationaler Standorte. Als Bauorte wurden im Wintersemester 2012/2013 das Werk Leipzig der BMW Group und im Sommersemester 2013 das Werk Tiexi der BMW Group in China bei Shenyang bearbeitet.

At the beginning of the decade of the nineties, Import Substitution Industrialization-ISI- policies were dismantled all over Latin America, including Colombia. This meant that tariff protection for locally porduced products were lowered and that cheap imports increased. For the motor vehicle sector it also meant that it had to modernize and improve its competitiveness if it did not want to disappear. I evaluate how the sector improved its competiveness despite a very tiny margin for maneuver, and under what variables and aspects this improvement can be measured. I found that many of the key aspects that helped the sector to compete succesfully were not directly related with production, but with services and other competitive advantages created outside the plants. These included a postsale service structure that covered many parts of the country which importers lacked. It also tackled the new competition by signing free trade agreements, and making strategic alliances with auto part ...

The main objective of this study is to inspect such factors that affect the purchase intention of consumer towards imported Japanese cars and to analyze generally prevailed perception about relative advantage of imported Japanese cars on locally assembled cars. Reliability is used in a sense of trustworthiness as it is the quality of being trustworthy or of performing consistently well. This research emphasizes the impact of four independent variables derived mainly from literature including brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, and brand loyalty. The consumer’s purchase intention toward Japanese car in Pakistan is the dependent variable. This study used a questionnaire-based survey and respondents were evaluated on 5 points Likert scale ranging from 1-strongly disagree to 5-strongly agree. Total 165 questionnaires were distributed out of which 150 questionnaires were used. Further in this research convenience based sampling (non-probability) technique was used. Res...

El trabajo efectúa un análisis de la evolución del sector ferroviario durante la Guerra Civil española (1936-1939). Se trata de un tema que hasta el momento ha recibido una escasa atención y que consideramos puede ayudar a comprender el comportamiento de uno de los principales sectores económicos del país, así como su influencia en el devenir del conflicto. Para ello

Firms and industries across various market structures and different economic conditions have undergone a boom of technology over the years in their respective operational activities and production methods. These injections of technology, have mostly improved the levels of production and efficiency levels of both labour and capital elements of a firm, reflecting in their wages and rent. The implementation of technology and business decisions are vital in determining the profits of companies in industries with high levels of competition and differentiation, such as the automobile industry across the world. In this study, various technological integration methods in Toyota’s operations and production techniques are vividly analysed in the past 1 decade, in order to understand the effectiveness of technological elements in firms existing in the automobile sector. Variables related to Toyota’s worldwide sales, production, exports, prices and technological elements are obtained and analysed with descriptive statistical tools and parametric econometric modelling, supported by a thorough review of literature. The results are interpreted to understand the corresponding impact on the firm’s operational, sales-level and pricing decisions aimed for managerial excellence.

La voiture électrique, nouvel axe des politiques industrielles Entre 1895 et 1914, une effervescence inventive agite l'industrie naissante de l'automobile. A plusieurs égards, elle ressemble à celle qui agite aujourd'hui un monde de l'automobile, en pleine crise. Mais, dans une vingtaine d'années, les vainqueurs de la compétition en cours pourraient être tout autres que ceux sortis victorieux de la précédente… par Grégoire Postel-Vinay* LEs strAtégiEs dEs ActEurs réALités industriELLEs • Août 2009 67

La voiture électrique, nouvel axe des politiques industrielles Entre 1895 et 1914, une effervescence inventive agite l'industrie naissante de l'automobile. A plusieurs égards, elle ressemble à celle qui agite aujourd'hui un monde de l'automobile, en pleine crise. Mais, dans une vingtaine d'années, les vainqueurs de la compétition en cours pourraient être tout autres que ceux sortis victorieux de la précédente… par Grégoire Postel-Vinay* LEs strAtégiEs dEs ActEurs réALités industriELLEs • Août 2009 67

This paper examines the determinants of vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT) in the automobile components industry between Portugal and the European Union 27 (EU-27) and the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) during the period 1995-2006. Using a static and a dynamic panel data analysis, the results indicate that VIIT is a positive function of the difference in per-capita GDP between Portugal and its trading partners. Moreover, there is statistical evidence that geographical distance and proximity shared border influence this type of VIIT. Our results also confirm the hypothesis that trade increases if the transportation costs decrease and that there is a positive correlation between differences in endowments and VIIT.

The problem of the study is that Latvian citizens often express dissatisfaction with vehicle registration prices, speculating that these services are available at lower prices in the neighbouring countries – Lithuania and Estonia. The aim of the research: to compare and analyse vehicle registration services in the Baltic States in order to provide suggestions for the improvement of the services. The research uses general scientific research methods: the monographic and descriptive methods, the document analysis method, the comparative analysis method, the horizontal analysis, the ranking method, the logical construction method and the graphical method. Based on the cases analysed, the authors conclude that vehicle registration costs are the lowest in Lithuania, yet these costs may depend on factors such as vehicle age and technical parameters, so not always the cheapest price is reported in Lithuania. Vehicle registration costs in Estonia, regardless of any parameters, for all light...

Pharmaceuticals seсtor is one of the key seсtors where Indian сompanies have сreated a global brand for themselves besides software. Indian сompanies have taken advantage of the opportunities in the regulated generiсs market in the western сountries and made deep inroads espeсially in providing low сost equivalents of expensive drugs. Pharma outsourcing into India and low сost Healthсare serviсes are expeсted to be the key areas of growth in the near future. This paper looks at the performance of the CNF Pharma Index, which represents about 4.54% of the free float market сapitalization of the stoсks listed on NSE and 76.97% of that of Pharmaсeutiсal seсtor in India. Considering period of 2005-2014, pre and post-recession performance of the Index have been analysed using Ratio and Du-Pont five point analysis. To get a fair idea about the financial aspects, ROE and it's the factors affecting it have been studied. Regression tools were used to develop a model for сalсulatinɡ the ROE of the index Through the study we concluded that the ɡrowth of the industry has been steady over the past deсade. The only hiссup it enсountered was durinɡ the reсession, it was a very short period but pharmaceuticals ɡot over it in a year.

Pharmaceuticals seсtor is one of the key seсtors where Indian сompanies have сreated a global brand for themselves besides software. Indian сompanies have taken advantage of the opportunities in the regulated generiсs market in the western сountries and made deep inroads espeсially in providing low сost equivalents of expensive drugs. Pharma outsourcing into India and low сost Healthсare serviсes are expeсted to be the key areas of growth in the near future.This paper looks at the performance of the CNF Pharma Index, which represents about 4.54% of the free float market сapitalization of the stoсks listed on NSE and 76.97% of that of Pharmaсeutiсal seсtor in India. Considering period of 2005-2014, pre and post-recession performance of the Index have been analysed using Ratio and Du-Pont five point analysis. To get a fair idea about the financial aspects, ROE and it’s the factors affecting it have been studied. Regression tools were used to develop a model for сalсulatinɡ the ROE of ...

Türkiye has given importance to the development of the automobile industry since the Ottoman period. In addition, with the proclamation of the Republic, gaining the ability to develop technology in the aviation industry, as a priority from other branches of industry, gained importance. The production of aircraft with domestic technology was also brought to the agenda by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and for this purpose, the Kayseri Aircraft Factory, affiliated with TOMTAŞ (Tayyare ve Motor Türk A.Ş) was established in 1926 with the most advanced technology of the time. Vecihi Hürkuş, on the other hand, was able to take the crashed plane of the Italians, learn what the parts are for by reverse engineering and manufacture a domestic plane. In addition, Nuri Demirağ took part in the aviation industry and was able to manufacture domestic aircraft. In the Automotive Industry, an automobile and truck production facility was established in Istanbul by Ford Motor Company in 1929. After the activities of the Kayseri Aircraft Factory, which lasted until 1948, came to an end, this time, Revolution car prototypes could be manufactured completely domestically in 1961. After the project, which did not go into mass production, the Koç group started to produce the domestically-made Anadol car with technology transfer from multiple sources in 1967, but the production of Anadol continued until 1984. However, the principle of domestic automobile production was adopted by the South Korean government, and in 1971, three automobile manufacturing companies operating in the country were instructed to produce a domestic automobile within 2 years. In these years, the managers of HAyundai company, which had previously disassembled all parts of Ford automobiles by reverse engineering, learned what it was for, and then reassembled it, manufactured the Hyundai Pony as the first domestic car with the method of technology transfer from multiple sources. This development in South Korea actually emerged as a successful re-application of the reverse engineering method used in the production of the Revolution car prototype in 1961. In 1971, Renault cars started to be produced under the French Renault license, and TOFAŞ cars under the Italian FIAT license. Towards the end of the 1970s, creative imitation applications were made in TOFAŞ cars with the bird series. In the 1990s, the production of Japanese Honda and Toyota and South Korean Hyundai cars started. In 2011, the idea of producing a domestic automobile emerged, the Devrim automobile was taken as an example in this project, the first Togg prototype was manufactured with technology transfer from multiple sources in December 2018, and it was announced that mass production would begin in March 2023. Since the project, which has reached the stage of mass production today, was carried out with the method of technology transfer from multiple sources, it evokes a similarity to the manufacturing technique of both Anadol and Hyundai Pony cars. However, the 12-year period from 2011 to 2023 is too long for the creation of a domestic automobile. It has been understood that this long process has been passed in order to regain the pre-1980 level of technological ability.

L'objectif de cette communication consiste à montrer de quelle manière les usagers de véhicules électriques utilisent cette innovation et s'en emparent. Il s'agit d'appréhender de quelle façon ces acteurs ressentent et se représentent leurs parcours. Nos résultats montrent comment les outils numériques modifient les représentations des territoires de l'électromobilité. Ce travail de recherche a été réalisé entre 2014 et 2016, sur une aire géographique qui couvre les sites industriels d'un grand constructeur automobile français. Les différentes applications utilisées sont constantes dans la préparation et la découverte de nouveaux parcours. Nous constatons que leur usage s'estompe ensuite en fonction du degré de pratique et de maîtrise territoriale des différents conducteurs interviewés. Nous montrons que le rôle des applications numériques dans les déplacements est déterminant dans les zones où la disponibilité des infrastructures de recharge est inférieure à la demande.

Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l'

El trabajo efectúa un análisis de la evolución del sector ferroviario durante la Guerra Civil española (1936-1939). Se trata de un tema que hasta el momento ha recibido una escasa atención y que consideramos puede ayudar a comprender el comportamiento de uno de los principales sectores económicos del país, así como su influencia en el devenir del conflicto. Para ello

Krótka historia reklamy na wiecie i w Polsce Reklama w przemy le i handlu Reklama prasowa Podr cznik reklamy. Jak zdoby rozg os, nie wydaj c ortuny na reklam W niewoli reklamy? Percepcja ukrytych przes a reklamy prasowej Zrozumie reklam Aby wpad o w oko. O reklamie handlowej w Królestwie Polskim w pocz tkach XX w. na podstawie og osze prasowych Reklama prasowa Reklama Rola i znaczenie reklamy w rodkach in ormacji masowej Og oszenie w czasopi mie Reklama ksi ki od pocz cia Og oszenia wydawnicze i ksi garskie w "Tygodniku Wile skim" 1815 1822 Dwie cie lat recenzji literackiej W wiecie wydawczym Reklama wydawnicza i ksi garska w "Gazecie Warszawskiej" w latach 1764 1795 Reklama i propaganda ksi ki Ruch wydawniczo-ksi garski w wietle og osze prasowych w "Kurierze Polskim" (1729 1760) W kr gu prasy Reklama ksi ki na amach pozna skiej "Kultury" (1936 1939) "To si czyta". Promocja ksi ki w dodatkach do wybranych polskich gazet codziennych

Car ownership has become increasingly prevalent in North Cotabato, Philippines and yet a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics attitude and car preferences remains limited, particularly concerning gender differences. The unique preference of male and female consumers in choosing specific car attribute, the purpose of buying a car, sources of information and their brand loyalty is focused of this study. Generally, this study aimed to address the gap by investigating and analyzing gender differences on car preference among car owners in North Cotabato, Philippines. The study utilized quantitative research, specifically descriptive-comparative research design. Only primary data were used with a total 200 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The study revealed that the respondents had purchased cars for family purposes where the influence of family emphasized the interpersonal dynamics that had shaped the decision-making process. Furthermore, it identified significant differences in car attribute preference between male and female respondents across numerous categories. While most respondents displayed openness to new brands and prioritized family needs in car purchases, significant gender differences emerged in preferences for various attributes except performance and interior design.

Keywords:  Consumer Preference, Car Attributes, Brand Loyalty, Sources of Information, Purpose of Buying, Comparative Research.

Los inicios de Renault en España, con la implantación de una filial de venta,
fueron buenos, pero a partir de 1913 los resultados que se obtuvieron distaron de ser prometedores. Las dificultades inherentes a cualquier filial de venta (retrasos en los pedidos, necesidad de mantener un elevado número de vehículos en stock, variaciones de la demanda, etc), junto con una gestión deficiente por parte de los directivos españoles (que concedían generosamente créditos y buscaban altas comisiones), hicieron peligrar la supervivencia de la marca, sobre todo en coyunturas de crisis. En sus inicios en el mercado español, Renault aplicó una política de diversificación de la producción y las actividades, adaptándose a los cambios que se iban produciendo. Como resultado, la SAEAR logró sobrevivir y la marca Renault no perdió su presencia en el mercado español, obteniendo un conocimiento del mercado y una red de socios locales que facilitarían la implantación posterior de la filial industrial.
Las políticas industriales desempeñaron un papel clave desde los años cincuenta. Como tantas otras empresas extranjeras, Renault se adaptó al marco autárquico e intervencionista del primer franquismo.
Sujeta a los requisitos de la nacionalización, la producción de FASA despegó muy lentamente, no logrando en los años cincuenta rebasar el umbral que marca la entrada en la producción en masa. No obstante, desde la década siguiente, producción y productividad crecieron exponencialmente, en paralelo a la evolución de la renta española, y espoleadas por las sucesivas aportaciones de capital francés. Renault emprendió en España una clara apuesta por la modernización (robotización, informatización, ahorro energético), que implicó grandes dosis de asistencia técnica, asesoramiento y formación desde la casa matriz.
En este trabajo afirmamos que podríamos considerar a la multinacional francesa Renault como una empresa camaleón, que siempre supo adaptarse al entorno cambiante de la política y la economía españolas, lo que le permitió perpetuarse y conservar una posición destacada al sur de los Pirineos. El proceso de expansión de Renault en España permaneció estrechamente ligado a la transferencia de recursos y capacidades por parte de la Régie Renault. No bastó con inyectar capital, también resultó imprescindible la transferencia de unos conocimientos técnicos y de gestión que la industria española no estaba en condiciones de suministrar.

The experimental method used in a frontal crash of cars costs much time and expense. Therefore, numerical simulation in crashworthiness is widely applied in the world. The completed car models contain a lot of parts which provided complicated structure, especially the rear of car models do not contribute to behavior of frontal crash which usually evaluates injuries of pedestrian or motorcyclist. In order to save time and resources, a simplification of the car models for research simulations is essential with the goal of reducing approximately 50% of car model elements and nodes. This study aims to construct the finite element models of front structures of vehicle based on the original finite element models. Those new car models must be maintained important values such as mass and center of gravity position. By using condition boundaries, inertia moment is kept unchanged on new model. The original car models, which are provided by the National Crash Analysis Center (NCAC), validated ...

for his continuous support and patience. His guidance helped me throughout my master's degree program. It has been a privilege to perform my duties as his Graduate Teaching Assistant, and this thesis would not have been successful without his valuable guidance. I also thank my esteemed committee members, Dr. Krishna Krishnan and Dr. Yimesker Yihun, for their helpful comments and suggestions. I would like to express my profound gratitude to my parents and to my siblings for their endless love and encouragement. My family is my strength and everything. I also thank my friends and the faculty of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Wichita State University for their constant support.

Cette etude traite des conditions du renouvellement du parc automobile afin de mieux maitriser l'impact sur l'effet de serre. Quels sont les criteres d'achat et les conditions d'utilisation des vehicules ? Quelles politiques publiques peuvent orienter le choix des consommateurs et l'offre des constructeurs vers des vehicules moins polluants ? Divers instruments de politiques publiques sont analyses.

O estudo aqui apresentado visa elaborar uma proposta de melhoria do leiaute de uma linha de montagem existente do tipo "Surface Mounted Technology" (SMT) na linha de producao de uma empresa de placas eletronica no municipio de Almirante Tamandare, no Parana. Propoe-se neste Trabalho de Conclusao de Curso (TCC) a implantacao de metodos de estudo e ferramentas do Lean Manufacturing, buscando, por meio deles, encontrar e/ou confirmar processos que estejam agregando tempo ao processamento do produto na linha de montagem. O metodo utilizado no estudo classifica-se como de abordagem exploratoria quantitativa, caracterizada pelo emprego de instrumentos estatisticos, utilizando-se recursos do proprio software Arena. Objetiva- se atraves da aplicacao de ferramentas de qualidade e tambem de modelagem e simulacao, por meio do software Arena, determinar qual e a melhor proposta tecnico/financeira para se atingir uma adequada distribuicao do tempo ao longo da linha de producao, aumenta...

After nearly a decade since the implementation of the National Automotive Policy (NAP), the Malaysian automaker Proton, as well as various local automotive components and parts manufacturers, remain uncompetitive. Based on existing research, the NAP has not yet transformed Malaysian automotive industries into a globally competitive and export-oriented sector. It was generally claimed that parts and components produced locally suffer from qualitative and quantitative deficits visa -vis imported counterparts. Malaysia is currently ranked third in the ASEAN region, following Thailand and Indonesia, with regards to sales and production of vehicles and automotive components. However, in contrast to Malaysia, neither Thailand nor Indonesia possesses a national car project. This initial study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the NAP to local automotive vendors. Numerous prior studies in the related literature have looked into the competitiveness of the national car project Proton, but only a limited number studies have focused on the effects of policies on automotive vendors. Factors identified in this study may form the backbone for further research in this area, and in turn contribute to the development of the automotive industry in the country.

The large-scale offshore relocation of the Japanese automobile industry and the start of
local production from the 1980s were considered a transfer of the Japanese-style
production system. Meanwhile, local industries also began to learn and adopt Japanese-style production system, and from the 1990s, they began benefiting from their efforts.
These visible facts are called Japanization. However, Japanization caused a serious
conflict with local industries, especially in Europe and the United States. In contrast,
after the so-called bubble burst around 1991, the Japanese economy experienced serious
recession. In the wake of this long-term slump in the Japanese economy, the Japanization debate also began to wane. Today, this topic is rarely discussed in academic groups, including those in Europe and the United States.
  However, I suggest that the Japanization debate has triggered challenges for the theme concerning the organizing principle. The differences in organizing principles between the West and Japan are often in a dichotomous setup of individualism-collectivism. In contrast to this dichotomy, some Japanese sociologists raised the issue of contextualism. Collectivism emphasizes group values in contrast to individualism, whereas contextualism emphasizes the relationships internalized by each individual, rather than a dichotomy of individualism-collectivism. Based on the premise that in the Japanese-style production system, tasks are used as a medium to form jobs that transcend individuals, this paper discusses the Tayloristic characteristics of French organizations as perceived by Japanese managers

Efforts to improve the safety of a driver of a racecar that is involved in a crash have been ongoing for a number of years. The Wayne State University Bioengineering Center has examined issues related to motorsports injury for over a decade. The Center has tested polypropylene tubes, automotive tires, foam and other non-rigid materials configured in various patterns as energy absorbing barriers. Presently, the Bioengineering Center is participating in development of the SAFER (Steel And Foam Energy Reducing) barrier for racetrack outer walls by providing biomechanical analysis of crash dummy data from crash tests conducted by the University of Nebraska–Lincoln Midwest Roadside Safety Facility. Associated with this effort is the examination of head and neck restraints such as the HANS (Head And Neck Support) device, seats with integrated headrests, and head net arrangements. Due to the high speeds attained during racing and the highly restrained nature of the driver, racecar drivers ...

La relance de l'automobile électrique remonte à une dizaine d'années. Parmi les événements générateurs, figurent pêle-mêle la stratégie résolue de l'Alliance Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi pour conquérir un marché en offrant une gamme de véhicules tout électriques à des prix relativement abordables, l'adaptation par Toyota de sa berline hybride Prius pour la rendre rechargeable, l'interdiction de circuler faite aux voitures thermiques dans des centre-villes historiques en Italie, ou encore l'exonération du péage londonien pour les voitures électriques, et enfin le lancement de politiques nationales (parfois supranationales) ambitieuses afin de soutenir l'industrialisation, la commercialisation et l'utilisation des véhicules électriques.

Zusammenfassung Im Beitrag wird skizziert, unter welchen Bedingungen das Grundbuchzentralarchiv des Landes Baden-Württemberg entstanden ist. Zugleich wird die Baugeschichte des heute unter Denkmalschutz stehenden Fabrikkomplexes nachgezeichnet, der das Grundbuchzentralarchiv heute beherbergt, und es wird aufgezeigt, welche Herausforderungen damit verbunden sind. Im Weiteren wird kurz auf die Gebäude- und Regelungstechnik eingegangen. Der Schluss ist der jüngst eingeführten Software zur barcodegestützten Reponierung von Unterlagen und den ersten Überlegungen zum Einsatz von RFID-Technologie im Archivbereich gewidmet.

Efforts to improve the safety of a driver of a racecar that is involved in a crash have been ongoing for a number of years. The Wayne State University Bioengineering Center has examined issues related to motorsports injury for over a decade. The Center has tested polypropylene tubes, automotive tires, foam and other non-rigid materials configured in various patterns as energy absorbing barriers. Presently, the Bioengineering Center is participating in development of the SAFER (Steel And Foam Energy Reducing) barrier for racetrack outer walls by providing biomechanical analysis of crash dummy data from crash tests conducted by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Midwest Roadside Safety Facility. Associated with this effort is the examination of head and neck restraints such as the HANS (Head And Neck Support) device, seats with integrated headrests, and head net arrangements. Due to the high speeds attained during racing and the highly restrained nature of the driver, racecar drivers are at particular risk to an injury known as basilar skull fracture. The risk of basilar skull fracture is increased as the neck axial tension force approaches 4100 N. This makes the axial tension load in the neck a critical measurement of safety device performance. The performance of head and neck restraints in crash sled tests using a Hybrid III 50 th percentile dummy and a NASCAR style buck subjected to a 50 g crash pulse over a duration of 60 msec was evaluated. It was found that a driver not fitted with a head and neck restraint could experience a neck axial tension of 4900 N. However, it was shown that with a HANS device the neck axial forces were kept below 1500 N. Furthermore, tests using actual racecars that were pulled into barriers showed that the HANS along with other technologies provided a level of safety that previously was unavailable. By keeping HIC below 700 and the neck tension below 4100N, the HANS device along with the SAFER barrier, and a proper head rest with a well positioned head net, have been shown to be effective in racecar crash tests at 150 mph and an angle of 20 degrees. This paper provides an overview of some of the more significant motorsports activities in which the Bioengineering Center is involved. Testing conducted during the development of the SAFER barrier is described. Included is a discussion of head and neck restraint system evaluation efforts.

Limited research interest in studying working capital management process, is found in the literature. However, working capital management has been the most crucial determinant factor for any industry’s survival, liquidity, solvency and profitability. Therefore, to tackle efficiently liquidity and profitability trade –off, all industries are compelled to improvise their working capital management strategies. Continuation of working capital management process at optimal level, expedites firm's value creation and also facilitates to design framework in smoothening financial constraints so as to make effective usages of firm’s resources. The paper argues that automotive industry occupies a significant proportion of global economy. Therefore, an effort has been made to undertake an in-depth study on the industry. The study besides identifying the industry leader, explores diverse techniques to advance comparative study on the industry efficiency level in managing working capital proc...

We compared the Argentinian automotive industry's trajectory since 2000 with those corresponding to three ASEAN economies: Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. We aimed to identify factors explaining the divergence among the four cases and to draw valuable conclusions for the redesign of Argentinian automotive policy. First, we considered the productive and foreign trade performance among the four cases. We then reviewed key industrial policies conducted over the period. Comparative analysis highlights the Thai experience, which posted outstanding performance on both industrial expansion and trade surplus. Moreover, we examined the high potential for selective policies incentivizing specific products and technologies, which can promote private strategies more aligned with macroeconomic stability and industrial development in Argentina.

Purpose This study suggests an alternative approach to valorize non-hazardous industrial solid waste flow into construction materials, in particular as metal façade systems by quantifying the creative reuse of consistent and predicated sized scrap metal cutouts (known as Offal) that were generated from the automotive sheet metal stamping and blanking manufacturing processes. Methods This study is an expansion on two papers presented at the 10th International Conference on the Environmental and Technical Implications of Construction with Alternative Materials (WASCON). Automotive sheet metal waste stream was transformed into two novel building facade system designs and a "cradle to gate" Life Cycle Assessment was carried out to analyze their environmental impacts and its resultant effect on design, manufacturing and economy. Results A Material Design Circularity Factor was introduced to compare both façade systems. Design #1 had greater impacts for all indicators except for operational energy due to the possibility of infiltration. Economically, design #1 had almost double the savings of design #2 at approximately four million dollars annually. The avoided carbon emissions made it evident that the creative reuse of Offal had significant environmental impacts. The two facade systems avoided 7.8 and 5.3 million kg CO 2-eq. of greenhouse gas emissions for design #1 and design #2 respectively. Conclusion Industrial Symbiosis is a viable concept that can lead to the adoption of circular economy principles to activate reuse over recycling for industrial by-products, which was promoted by creativity, saved manufacturing energy and the reduced costs of production of construction materials. This study proved that reusing automotive metal scrap for building envelopes is environmentally optimal and economically affordable.

La cuestión de las tarifas ferroviarias es un tema poco estudiado en la historiografía española sobre el ferrocarril. Su análisis se hace complejo por la dispersión de informaciones y las constantes modificaciones. Además de la tarifa general de aplicación, hubo una gran profusión de tarifas especiales con las que las compañías intentaban estimular la demanda y mejorar resultados. En este artículo se propone un estudio diacrónico para el periodo 1844-1935, donde se señalarán las principales referencias en el desarrollo de las políticas de tarifas desarrolladas por las empresas, bajo la supervisión del Estado. Igualmente, se hará una primera estimación de la evolución de los precios medios del transporte de viajeros por ferrocarril en España, y cuáles eran las características y hábitos de los usuarios en lo relativo a las diferentes tarifas en vigor.