Attitudes (Social Psychology)

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the impact ageism may have on providing healthcare to elderly people. The article investigates the consequences of ageism in medical settings, where the elderly are particularly vulnerable to discrimination, distinguishing ageism from appropriate practice variation as well as giving suggestions to improve the situation. The paper analyses research published worldwide on selected issues connected with ageism with special attention to medical professionals’ attitudes and ageist behaviours of the elderly’s environment in a situation of their disability or illness. Firstly, the relation of ageism to other forms of stereotyping is outlined. Then, the threats of positive ageism are elaborated. The next section is devoted to self-stereotyping of the elderly and its impact on their functioning. Then, the paper discusses medical professionals’ attitudes and ways to measure them, as well as educational interventions that may alter them. Finally, the article refers effective ways of adjusting health promotion messages to the needs of older adults. Ageism bases on mechanisms similar to sexism and racism, but there are some remarkable differences. Positive ageism may be compassionate, however, might be harmful when intruding into an elderly person’s decisions. Self-stereotyping may be described with a model of a vicious cycle. Contact with the elderly is found to be useful in changing medical staff’s attitudes. Family-centred messages are most effective when it comes to health promotion among older adults. Studies on ageism prove that negative convictions about the elderly are harmful and affect their functioning. Inclusion of the elderly should be applied in social contexts as well as in science, as the elderly are often missed out in research samples.

Mixed methods research (MMR) is currently on the rise in the social sciences. This paper provides a theoretical discussion and a practical illustration of MMR in the social psychological study of language attitudes. First, I review perceived obstacles to MMR -in particular, the 'incompatibility thesis' , whereby quantitative and qualitative methods are assumed to clash epistemologically. I propose an alternative account by which qual and quan research on language attitudes can be integrated on a common theoretical basis that holds attitudes to constitute interactionally processed 'human epistemological constructs' (HECs). I apply this approach in MMR on Austrian German, where I integrate a qual analysis of language-attitudinal HECs found in discourse data with a quan speaker evaluation experiment designed to corroborate the qual exegesis.

This book provides an introduction to political psychology through a focus on European politics and topics. It describes a style of doing political psychology in Europe that has developed out of dialogue with as well as critique of North American approaches. By emphasising the theoretical and methodological diversity of political psychology, the book is intended to contribute to a greater understanding of the strength and utility of the field. • Opens up and extends the study of political psychology to a variety of socio-political contexts and manifestations of political behaviour • Clearly outlines the usefulness and promises of distinctive critical approaches in social and political psychology • Explicitly considers the role of language, communication, identity and social representations in the construction of political meanings. Political Psychology will appeal to upper-level students and scholars who seek to extend their knowledge of the complex relationship between psychology, politics and society.

Although consensual non-monogamies have grown in exposure and popularity among both the public and academics, they remain largely marginalized and stigmatized. While some research has examined individuals’ perceptions of non-monogamies as a whole, few have focused specifically on perceptions of polyamory. The aim of this study was to explore and render explicit such attitudes and perceptions using an inductive approach to research. Online unsolicited narratives were sought for the purpose of this study. A total of 482 comments posted in response to three articles on the topic of polyamory were collected and analyzed using thematic analysis. Five overarching themes were identified: polyamory as 1) valid and beneficial; 2) unsustainable; 3) perverse, amoral, and unappealing; 4) acceptable; and 5) deficient. The findings provide insight on individuals’ reactions to polyamorous relationships and beliefs surrounding monogamy, and are further discussed in light of previous research on stigma, and of contemporary discourses on relationships, love, and commitment.

This is an activity and discussion on how attitude can help us manage challenging emotional situations - If you read into second page you can see this is useful for groups focused on upcoming holiday season and its many challenges for clients with mental health and substance use issues

When we analyse the attitudes towards poverty, we will not learn about the real causes of poverty nor about the appropriate means of fighting against it. We will know how different types of people think about these questions and – indirectly-what they are willing to do to decrease or put an end to it. Our attitudes help us to explain the world around us and to find our way in it; they also combine to construct our identity, to defend our ego in certain situations, to express ourselves. Attitudes are behind our acts, they are the mediators between our values and our behavior. In a lot of cases there is a discrepancy between our acts and our attitudes, nevertheless attitudes give orientation to the behavior. Based on the attitudes of people, we can predict what kind of social politics they will support, how they would help poor people if they are rich and how poor people try to break out of poverty-if they try it at all. In this paper I will show the attitudes of European people towards issues such as the definition and causes of poverty, its extension and the necessity, responsibility and means of fighting against poverty.

The paper defines the evaluation on the traits of Bulgarians like qualities and they reference to themselves and others. The research shows that the traits that are perceived as positive qualities relate to the respondents' selves. At the same time, qualities are to a lesser extent relevant and defining the others. This gives grounds to suggest that there are attitudes relative to the other that lead to specific behavior. Self-discrimination is phenomenon occurring despite of the common nationality of the Bulgarians. The data reveal intrapersonal conflict arising from the overestimation of own self and underestimation the others' selves. Simultaneously, the qualities attributable to themselves are a kind of negation of the general description of the Bulgarians in psychology.

En este trabajo se revisan las aportaciones de los estudios realizados sobre el
cambio de actitud, haciendo especial mención a los procedimientos implicados en su
adquisición y eliminación, es decir, en el priming afectivo y en el condicionamiento
evaluativo. Esta investigación es la primera de una serie de experimentos que tratan de
responder la siguiente cuestión:¿ cómo llegan unas palabras a modificar nuestras
actitudes? Para ello, en este trabajo se elabora una base de datos de palabras evaluadas ...

This research examines the extent to which the negative arousal caused by valence inconsistent supraliminal behavioral information and subliminal primes during attitude formation affects people's perceptions of their current well-being. Participants who received inconsistent information about a novel individual during an impression formation task reported more negative arousal, lower self-esteem, greater depression, and greater perceived stress than those in a control condition. Mediational analyses indicated that negative arousal stemming from attitude formation with valence inconsistent information guided participants' responses to well-being measures via misattribution of this arousal. These results cannot be explained by a simple response bias because recall of negative physical symptoms in the past 2 weeks were unaffected by receiving valence inconsistent information. This research suggests that the spillover of negative arousal from attitude formation, when unable to be easily attributed to the attitude object, served as a cue that people utilized when determining how they felt.

A globális környezeti problémák, az erőforrások szűkülése, a
környezetszennyezés és az emberiség túlnépesedése posztmodern korunk legfontosabb kihívásait jelentik. A környezettudatos marketing - felhasználva más diszciplínák eredményeit - az előbb említett problémák megoldására keresi a lehetséges válaszokat. A környezettudatos marketingnek mindezek miatt a vállalati működés környezetbarátabbá
tétele mellett a fogyasztási minták ugyanilyen irányú és tartalmú megváltoztatására kell összpontosítani az erejét. Így nagyon fontos az egyéni fogyasztók magatartásának megértése, értékeik, attitűdjeik, motivációik és viselkedésük elemzése és előrejelzése. Jelen tanulmány keretein belül a környezettudatos attitűdök vizsgálatával kívánok foglalkozni egy olyan modell segítségével, mely alkalmas a környezettudatos attitűd különböző komponensei közötti kapcsolatok szemléltetésén túl a környezeti attitűdök környezettudatos magatartásra gyakorolt hatásának bemutatására és előrejelzésére is.

This study documents psychometrics of the Turkish version of Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale-Revised (IPVAS-R; Fincham et al. in Psychological Assessment, 20, 260-269, 2008). Dating college students (n=280) from four universities completed Turkish versions of the IPVAS-R, Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse, Physical Assault of Conflict Tactics Scale-Revised, and Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three factor structure of the IPVAS-R, albeit with an item change from the Abuse to the Control factor, due to the cultural nuances. This factor structure was cross validated with a second independent sample of 205 dating college students. Convergent validity and satisfactory internal consistency were also reported. The IPVAS-R was found to be a psychometrically sound measure to gauge attitudes toward psychological and physical dating aggression among college students outside of North America.

El conflicto colombiano ha tenido lugar primordialmente en la ruralidad, donde varios grupos armados ilegales y las fuerzas del gobierno han tratado de ganar control sobre el territorio y la poblacion. Mas de 50 anos de conflicto armado y un largo legado de abusos han moldeado las creencias sociales de los colombianos sobre el conflicto y las partes involucradas en el. Asumiendo que hay una relacion ciclica entre una marcada ideologia del conflicto (Ethos of Conflict —EOC—) y la perpetuacion de la violencia en los conflictos prolongados, este articulo analiza empiricamente los supuestos del EOC en la poblacion joven de una de las regiones historicamente mas afectadas por la violencia en el pais (ILSA, 2012), en particular en el municipio de San Jacinto, en los Montes de Maria, que actualmente esta clasificado como zona de postconflicto. El trabajo busca valorar la aplicabilidad del EOC en un conflicto que no envuelve directamente problemas de identidad entre grupos y es un ejercicio...

In the last few years, gambling and betting opportunities have been increasing in Bosnia and Herzegovina, leading to an increase in  pathological gambling. Pathological gambling is considered by experts to be an instinct control disorder, i.e. the inability to refrain from an instinct that at the same time causes pleasure to a person, but is also dangerous for them and the people around them as it seriously disrupts not only the physical, emotional, mental and material state of the individual, but affects their families and friends also. In order to examine the most common forms of gambling and betting as well as socio-demographic aspects and their characteristics among Bosniaks in BiH, in the period April-May 2019, on a sample of N = 1520 respondents, a survey was conducted in 62 municipalities in BiH. Respondents ranged from 18-77 years old, of whom 568 were women and 927 were men. While defining the sample for the purposes of this research, a two-stage stratification was performed, namely: stratification at the administrative level of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the type of settlement, respecting the principle of proportional representation of municipalities within entity/cantons. Data was collected via a structured face-to-face interviews with closed questions to which handwritten answers were given. The data collection was done through the Network of Youth and Directorate for Religious Affairs of the Riyasat of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results suggest persisting differences in the perception of the most common forms of gambling and betting, where bingo, disposable lottery tickets/scrapers, lotto and sports betting are perceived to be the most common. The most widespread types of gambling are influenced by the socio-demographic variables such as gender, place of residence, level of education, age and monthly household income.

This paper uses secondary and primary data to examine up to which point the electoral success obtained by VOX during 2018-19 might have been due to unfavorable immigration attitudes. Results suggest that indeed, VOX voters hold more unfavorable views on immigration than the voters of other right-of-center parties. However, it is unclear to what extent those views determined their voting decision. And albeit we find perceptions of discrimination regarding the access to public resources and unease regarding deteriorating work conditions to be widespread among the autochthonous populace, such perceptions trigger rather little hostility against immigrants; rather, those problems are blamed on politicians and entrepreneurs. These results highlight the importance of nuanced approaches that avoid interpreting any migration-related qualms or critique as inherently illegitimate out-group denigration

Language analysis can help explore how public debates on these issues have evolved, and build understanding of how people form opinions. This paper employs a variety of techniques from cognitive linguistics, a field dedicated to how people process information and communicate, to examine how people reason and come to conclusions about poverty and income in Australia.

Recent sociaalpsychologisch onderzoek naar de relatie tussen opvattingen over aard en oorsprong van homoseksualiteit en attitudes ten aanzien van homoseksuelen en homoseksualiteit, heeft enkele niet altijd gemakkelijk te interpreteren resultaten opgeleverd. In deze bijdrage vatten we de belangrijkste bevindingen van dit onderzoek samen en bespreken we de mogelijke verklaringen voor de gevonden verbanden. Daarnaast worden de vooronderstellingen van dit onderzoek tegen een kritisch-constructief licht gehouden.

Most contemporary text books of neurology and of psychology pay little attention to the function of the cerebellum beyond noting it to be an organ of motor control. A historical overview of research on cerebellar function is presented, from pre-Sherrinton suggestions of sensory and motor function, through the post-Sherrinton and dominant 20 th . Century view of "motor" function, to the 21 st . century perspective of "sensorimotor" function. The intrinsic capability of the cerebellum is briefly considered in terms of: its size/complexity/capacity; its information representation/processing characteristics (with "a particular computational function"); its sensory information processing capability; and, its role in sensorimotor regulatory control. It is suggested that the cerebellum can process sensorimotor stimulus information in a statistical (connectionist type) manner and respond to in on the basis of its own learning based sensorimotor representations, albeit at a "level" that does not necessarily involve cerebral "awareness".

This article empirically assesses the validity of current theoretical models of attitudes toward immigrants and immigration policy in the Asia-Pacific region. This paper takes representative data from the World Value Survey and implements a multilevel model to test five of the main theories in the literature: the human capital theory, the social capital theory, the political orientation theory, the contact/group threat theory and the economic competition theory. The results from the analysis lend credence to the important effects of human capital, social capital and political-ideological variables on respondents’ attitudes toward immigrants and immigration policy. However, results provide mixed and weak evidence for the contact/group threat theory and the role of economic determinants. Importantly, economic determinants tend to be more powerful in shaping people’s attitudes toward immigration policy than shaping attitudes toward immigrants as people. Altogether, this article sheds new light on the validity of current theoretical models based on western countries for other areas of the world. Finally, the results from the paper also support the usefulness of non-economic, as opposed to purely economic, models in the understanding of individuals’ attitudes toward immigrants and immigration policy in the Asia-Pacific region.

Guided by the integrative model of behavioral prediction and research on information seeking, we tested a mediation model of information seeking about marijuana across two samples of young adults from the United States (N = 498) and Israel (N = 426). Results of online surveys showed direct associations between information seeking and (nonmedical) marijuana use intention in both samples. In addition, across both samples, results showed indirect associations between information seeking and behavioral intention through changes in attitude and perceived normative pressure. Cross-comparative differences were also examined. Findings suggest that information seeking may shape determinants of behavioral intention to use marijuana nonmedically. Information seeking may serve as an indicator of risk behavior and as a target for drug prevention efforts.

Two thousand telephone interviews conducted with adult heads of household in ten different U.S. metropolitan areas were used to gather data regarding people's health care attitudes and behaviors. A review of the health care marketing and services research was used to identify psychographic, attitudinal and behavioral dimensions particularly relevant to health care marketing and communications. A comprehensive analysis scheme was used to identify distinct psychographically-defined consumer segments and validate their existence both within and across the geographic markets surveyed. The motivation for the research comes from the need among health care marketing professionals for a reliable description of consumers across dimensions that influence health care behaviors and purchasing choices. The study results indicate that psychographically defined consumer segments do exist, they share common interactive patterns of health thinking and behavior, and can be generalized across U.S. markets. Implications for health care marketing applications are discussed.

Study basis of the Patterns of Adapting to Health (PATH) covered in book, "Pattern of Health", and doctoral dissertation, "Patterns of Health-Related Behavior as Predictors of Medical Expenditures".

Aim of the study-The Study was designed to assess the awareness of Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR's) reporting and to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention. Materials and methods-This was a questionnaire based pre-and post-test educational interventional study. Students were given handouts containing information about pharmacovigilance and ADR's reporting one week before the educational intervention. A pre-validated 20-point questionnaire on (KAP) Knowledge, attitude, perceptions about Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR's) Reporting was distributed to 5 th term medical students (n=47). An interactive educational intervention (Power point presentation) was designed. The chi-square test and unpaired paired t-test was used for statistical calculation. Results-The overall response rates were expressed as percentages, Mean±SD. The Knowledge, attitude and perceptions of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions when compared before (pre-KAP) and after (post-KAP) the educational intervention, the correct response rates were found to be statistically significant (P<0.001).The feedback from the students was encouraging, handouts before the lecture classes helped them to easily grasp the pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions concepts better during lectures. Conclusion-The study concluded that imparting the knowledge about pharmacovigilance and ADR's reporting promotes drug safety and rational use of medicines in future.

การศึกษาวิจัยนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณ มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษา 1. ลักษณะทางประชากรที่ต่างกันจะมีการเปิดรับข้อมูลจากผู้นำความคิดด้านสุขภาพจิตในเครือข่ายสังคมออนไลน์แตกต่างกัน 2. ลักษณะทางประชากรที่ต่างกันจะมีการรับรู้บริการสุขภาพจิตจากผู้นำความคิดด้านสุขภาพจิตในเครือข่ายสังคมออนไลน์แตกต่างกัน 3. ลักษณะทางประชากรที่ต่างกันจะมีทัศนคติต่อผู้นำความคิดด้านสุขภาพจิตในเครือข่ายสังคมออนไลน์แตกต่างกัน 4. ลักษณะทางประชากรที่ต่างกันจะมีการตัดสินใจใช้บริการสุขภาพจิตแตกต่างกัน และ 5. ศึกษาอิทธิพลของการเปิดรับ การรับรู้ ทัศนคติ และการตัดสินใจใช้บริการสุขภาพจิต โดยใช้วิธีวิจัยเชิงสำรวจจากกลุ่มตัวอย่างที่เป็นผู้ติดตามผู้นำความคิดด้านสุขภาพจิตในเครือข่ายสังคมออนไลน์ ในบริเวณขอบเขตที่ศึกษา จำนวน 400 คน
ผลการวิจัยพบว่า 1. เพศหญิงมีการเปิดรับ การรับรู้ ทัศนคติ และแนะนำบริการสุขภาพจิต มากกว่าเพศชาย 2. ผู้ที่อายุน้อยแนะนำบริการสุขภาพจิตให้ผู้อื่นทราบ มากกว่าผู้ที่อายุมากกว่า 3. ผู้มีการศึกษาต่ำกว่าระดับปริญญาตรีเปิดรับข้อมูลข่าวสารจากผู้นำความคิดด้านสุขภาพจิตในเครือข่ายสังคมออนไลน์มากกว่าผู้มีการศึกษาสูงกว่าปริญญาตรี 4. คนที่มีสถานภาพหม้าย/หย่ามีพฤติกรรมการเปิดรับข้อมูลจากผู้นำความคิดมากกว่าคนที่มีสถานภาพสมรส 5. คนที่มีรายได้น้อยมีทัศนคติต่อการบริการด้านสุขภาพจิตในเชิงบวกมากกว่าคนที่มีรายได้สูงกว่า 6. การรับรู้ข้อมูลข่าวสารสุขภาพจิตจากผู้นำความคิดในเครือข่ายสังคมออนไลน์มีอิทธิพลต่อการตัดสินใจเข้าใช้บริการด้านสุขภาพจิต

This conceptual article proposes a new integrative model of the country image by drawing on advances from the fields of business studies, social psychology, political science, and communication science. To interrelate different approaches, a communication management perspective is applied, providing a basic terminological framework systemizing the central constructs of country image, country reputation, country brand, and country identity. On this basis the authors develop the ‘4D Model' of the country image by integrating well-established concepts from national identity theory, attitude theory, and reputation management. The new model is suited for application in comparative analyses of country images both on the level of different groups (such as a country’s domestic and foreign publics) as well as different societal levels (such as individual attitudes on the one hand and mass-mediated prestige information on the other).

Most scholars hold the view that organisations cannot survive in the ever changing and turbulent environment in which they operate without human resource. The reason being that employees' attitudes can have adverse effects on the achievement and the realisation of the strategic goals of MNCs and eventual failure of its mission when a new technology is introduced without proper cognisance of the attitudes of employees to innovation. Against this background, this article adopts the tri-component theory of attitudes and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain employees' attitudes towards innovation in workplace, and examines the impact of new technology on MNCs. Consequently, the article recommends among others, green-HRM management processes.

The increasing use of robots and their role in society has important implications for research and development in human-robot interactions (HRIs). The purpose of the present study was to develop a new measure to assess attitudes toward robots in HRIs. Measures of attitudes humans have “about” robots are relatively uncommon. Those that exist have potential problems limiting utilization in research evaluating the human element in HRIs. The Robot Perception Scale (RPS) was developed to redress this gap by examining a new set of factors in unique ways. The RPS consists of two subscales in which participants rate their agreement with statements concerning general attitudes toward robots and attitudes toward human-robot similarity and attractiveness. Findings provide preliminary support for a robotic perception scale that can be used to further our understanding of robots engaged in a variety of HRI settings.

Agri-clinics and Agribusiness Centres (ACABC) scheme is a credit linked subsidy based scheme for setting up 'agriventure' by trained agricultural graduates launched by Government of India to strengthen public extension system, technology transfer and to augment employment in rural areas. The present study was conducted during the year 2017-19 in Kerala and Andhra Pradesh (AP) among the agripreneurs trained under ACABC scheme. The sample comprised 30 agripreneurs from each nodal training institute (NTI) in Kerala and AP.The purpose of the study was to assess the attitude of agripreneurs towards ACABC scheme. Majority of the agripreneurs from both Kerala and AP had medium level of attitude towards ACABC scheme.

This research explored the effects of food choice motives, nutritional knowledge, and the use of food labels, on attitude toward food with health claims. Food with health claims was chosen as a relatively novel category of products designed to be beneficial for health. We identified eight motives served by food in general, and tested if they serve as motivations to positively evaluate functional food. Questionnaire was administered on nationally representative samples of 3085 respondents from six Western Balkan countries. We proposed two structural models relating an extensive list of eight and, alternatively, restricted list of three food-choice motives (health, mood and sensory appeal) to attitude toward functional food. We also expected the indirect association between the health motive and attitude, through nutritional knowledge and use of food labels. The results revealed highly positive, although undifferentiated attitude toward functional food, with no significant differences between the countries. The restricted model provided a better fit then the exhaustive model; the health motive was proven to have indirect influence on attitude through knowledge and label use. The implications of these findings for functional approach to attitudes, understanding the demand for functional food and overcoming barriers to dietary change are discussed.

This report explores attitudes towards people experiencing poverty. It also reflects on what these attitudes mean for how we as advocates communicate and persuade.

‘The real story: What Australians think about poverty and how we shape the debate’ features a literature review on poverty in Australia at Chapter 1, the results of a nationally representative survey of attitudes at Chapter 2, and a language analysis at Chapter 3.

The overarching finding from this study has been that attitudes are not fixed. They are shaped and reshaped through persuasion and debate. It also shows that Australians are more sympathetic to those in poverty then even they realise.

Since 2012, the United States has seen a renewed focus on police killings of racial and ethnic minorities, as well as protest against such violence. Moreover, recent polling data show an intensification of long-standing differences in Black and White Americans' attitudes toward police violence and protest. Here, we review recent polling, as well as our own series of experiments, to elucidate racial divides in attention, attitudes, and reactions to police violence and protest against it (e.g., Black Lives Matter). In addition, we report linguistic analyses of descriptions (N = 195) of protest images, showing that Black participants better understand the causes of these protests (d = .30) and view them more positively (d = .38) than Whites. If we wish for consensus on how to address police violence and protest against it, we must understand how and why the sociopolitical reality of race leads to divergent views of these issues.

Do social cohesion activities change the attitudes of the participants? This paper uses intergroup contact theory to explore attitude change resulting from contact with out-group(s) in social cohesion activities. Results from a pre-test/post-test design with fifty-five participants in two bicommunal camps in Cyprus show how attitudes change at the immediate end of these activities; an analysis of fourteen participants’ comments after one, thirteen, and twenty-five months provides a medium- to long-term assessment of attitude change. Not all participants were completely positive towards the other community before they took part, as assumed by some. There is clearly space for impact in terms of attitude change. Social cohesion activities represent indispensable tools for reducing prejudice and improving relationships between former enemies in post-conflict countries.

Actor-observer asymmetries are part broader continuum in social psychology that explains the errors that people make when forming attributions about the behaviour of others. Just as many studies have supported of the actor observer effect, some are on the contrary that the hypothesis does not exist, some suggest that the actor-observer effect is more accurate to predicts behaviour in negative situations while some have added another dimension to the actor observer effect. Almost all these studies have methodological limitations which affects the outcome of the findings. For example, many of the studies regarding the actor–observer effect was done in a laboratory setting involving hypothetical situations while those done in the field often involved ordinary behaviour. However, an experimenter can unintentionally influence the participant through their appearance or behaviour and can affect the degree to which these studies are applicable in real-life experiences. Thus, both approaches have strengths and weaknesses, and a combination of the two is likely to provide deeper insights than either in isolation. To test the effect, behaviours will be observed in real-world situations in which the behaviour is socially unacceptable. It can be concluded that the actor-observer effect exists but the level of acceptance depends on the differences in information accessible to the actor and the observer, the discrepancy in the information processing between actor and observer, differences in visual orientation between actors and observers, methodological difference in studies (experimental or real-life situation), cultural difference, if the behaviour is positive or negative, type of observer (either passive or active).

Parents' assessment of children's development in the first and the second language is an essential part of their family language policy (FLP) and an important component of parent–child communication. This paper presents a pilot study focused on Russian-speaking immigrant parents' assessment of their children's language knowledge in Russian as a first language and Hebrew as the second language in the context of their FLP. The research questions were as follows: How is parents' assessment of their children's bilingual language development linked to their choice of bilingual versus monolingual preschool education? To what degree are parents' reports of their children's language knowledge similar or different to their children's actual language knowledge? Which domains of language knowledge do parents relate to or ignore when assessing their children's language development? The sample consisted of 27 children (14 from bilingual and 13 from monolingual kindergartens), and their parents. Two sets of measurements were used, one to obtain parents' reports on child's knowledge of Russian and Hebrew and the other to assess children. The finding points out parents' insensitiveness to the length of the children's utterances and their tendency to rationalise FLP by overestimating their children's general language knowledge.

The conviction rate for sexual assault is persistently low in the United States. We propose a cycle-of-blame framework to highlight the possibility that the same rape myths that limit convictions are in turn strengthened by not-guilty verdicts. Participants read a summary of a rape trial. In different conditions, they were told that the jury's verdict was guilty or not guilty. In a No-Verdict condition, participants merely read the summary. All 96 participants subsequently responded to questionnaires measuring rape-myth acceptance and victim empathy. Gender affected both the myth and empathy measures, with women accepting fewer myths than men and exhibiting more empathy for the victim. Gender and Condition interacted such that men showed greater acceptance of rape myths and less empathy after a not-guilty versus a guilty verdict. Women evidenced consistently high empathy across conditions and greater myth acceptance after a guilty verdict. Although the cycle-ofblame principle is consistent with the performance of men, women's data require a different interpretation, which we base on just-world theory.

Arab World English Journal – May 2014                                                        Theses / Dissertation

Name of researcher: Ali Abdulkarim Alsaawi
Title of the dissertation: The Use of The Mother Tongue in The Language Classroom: Attitudes and Practices
Subject/major: Applied Linguistics
University name: Newcastle University, UK
Department Name: School of Education, communication & Language Sciences
Degree: MA
Year of award: 2013
Advisor: Dr. Peter Grundy


Abstract:
This dissertation explores the attitudes of students regarding their teacher’s use of their mother tongue in the target language classroom. The current study took place in Majmaah University in Saudi Arabia. In order to investigate this issue, the study focuses on 66 novice undergraduates and three teachers. Three methods have been used to collect data, questionnaires, interviews and classroom observation. The data are analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results reveal that the students’ attitudes towards their teachers’ use of L1 in classroom are generally positive that English-major students were more reluctant to employ their L1 in classroom than non-English major students, that there are particular situations where L1 is used in classroom, and that teachers’ attitudes are inconsistent with their practice.
Keywords: L1 – L2 – Classroom – Contradiction – Attitudes – Practice

Note:  For full thesis please use this link:
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This study uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore the factors that impact special education teachers’ acceptance and actual use of technology. TAM is used as the foundation for generating the hypothesis and developing the conceptual framework for the study. Twenty-four (n=24) special education teachers in a private school in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) participated in this study by answering an electronic questionnaire that included items related to Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Attitudes Towards Usage, Behavioural Intention to Use, Access to Technology, Job Relevance, Self-Efficacy, Time, and Actual Usage. Preliminary findings indicate that special education teachers have positive attitudes towards the use of technology. Self-efficacy, time and access to technology were found to significantly impact actual use of technology. The research results provide initial insights on special education teachers attitudes towards using technology in their practice as well as the factors that may facilitate or hinder their actual use. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

This data article examines the association driver's features, perceptions and attitudes towards autonomous vehicles (AVs). The data was collected using a structured self-administrable and online-based questionnaire, applied to a full sample of 1205 Spanish drivers. The data contains 4 parts: the full set of bivariate correlations between study variables; descriptive statistics and graphical trends for each main study variable according to gender, age group and city/town size; and, finally, the dataset for further explorations in this regard. For more information, it is convenient to read the full article entitled "Perceived safety and attributed value as predictors of the intention to use autonomous vehicles: A national study with Spanish drivers" [1].