Architectural Lighting

The increased use of self-luminous displays, especially in the evening prior to bedtime, has been associated with melatonin suppression, delayed sleep and sleep curtailment. The present study set out to investigate whether the Night Shift application provided by Apple Inc. for use on its portable electronic devices is effective for reducing acute melatonin suppression, a well-established marker of circadian phase. Participants experienced four experimental conditions: a dim light control, a high circadian stimulus true positive intervention and two Night Shift interventions delivering low and high correlated colour temperature light from the devices. Melatonin suppression did not significantly differ between the two Night Shift interventions, which indicates that changing the spectral composition of self-luminous displays without changing their brightness settings may be insufficient for preventing impacts on melatonin suppression.

Residential buildings are responsible for a large share of the total energy consumption. It is well-known that the correct use of natural and artificial lighting can improve energy efficiency. However, lighting in residential buildings should meet other requirements: safety, security, health, comfort, well-being and functional performance. This paper presents an analysis of how these requirements have been incorporated in the Portuguese building regulatory system. The analysis focuses on the regulatory framework, certification systems, incentive programs and awareness initiatives. The main conclusion is that the regulatory system lays down provision mainly on functional performance and energy saving. Lighting requirements regarding safety, security, health, comfort and well-being are often neglected or minimized in regulatory documents. Specialized documents and initiatives present a comprehensive approach. Daylighting design is a challenge, due to its complexity, but has potential ...

Low energy buildings use less than 50 % of the energy used in typical buildings. Such energy efficient buildings can only be achieved by applying unconventional approaches. However, the applicability of the unconventional strategies and techniques is challenging. This proposal presents an innovative idea that can be applied to overcome barriers to implementation of one of these unconventional techniques that used to maximize the utilization of daylighting within buildings.
Daylight guidance systems (DGS) deliver daylight into windowless and remote parts of buildings via light ducts or fiber optics. DGS that based on light duct to channel daylight are relatively economical, more likely to maintain daylight characteristics, and capable of delivering both direct and diffused daylight. However, they still lack widespread use due to installation difficulty. They use light ducts that occupy significant spaces to distribute daylight. The integration of DGS light ducts and HVAC ducts emerges as a novel and promising solution. The integrated dual ducting system has the potential to maximize the utilization of daylighting, reduce costs and avoid conflicts between building systems.
The widely used HVAC systems uses duct networks already integrated with the other building systems. The HVAC ducts are capable of reaching most spaces, and are of comparable size to light ducts. Thus, they are a prime target for the development of dual ducts; a single duct to transport and distribute both air and light.
The proposed system is very practical and benefit from the available facilities to produce a new product and propose a new design approach. Cooperation between architect/lighting designer and HVAC designer can be made to convert conventional ducts network design and material into the dual ducting system. There is no other product on the market that is used to deliver both air and daylight, and no other system has been designed or developed to provide this service.

Durante el primer cuarto del siglo XX, las salas de cine se caracterizaron por su lujo y monumentalidad, así como por alcanzar capacidades de aforo para miles de espectadores. En los años treinta, se originó en los países europeos una variante tipológica conocida como Cinéac (contracción de ciné et actualités). La arquitectura de los Cinéac y la mediatización de la cual fueron objeto, específicamente en Francia y Bélgica, se abordan mediante la revisión sistemática de revistas de arquitectura de la época, así como en la literatura especializada que se ocupaba de mostrar los avances en arquitectura teatral y de cinemas. En el texto se exponen los antecedentes de los Cinéac y su rol en la transición hacia una arquitectura de cinemas moderada y de menor escala; se destaca la obra de los arquitectos Siclis y De Montaut & Gorska y finaliza con una revisión de la arquitectura exterior de los Cinéac.

The urban fabric comprises the crossed and connected lines of streets, squares and landscaped areas. In the continued development of our urban spaces, academics and critics have often debated the dual role of urban design as a product and as a process as they watch over changes to cities through the times.

On Wednesday, Dec. 21, nations in the Northern Hemisphere will mark the winter solstice – the shortest day and longest night of the year. For thousands of years people have marked this event with rituals and celebrations to signal the rebirth of the sun and its victory over darkness.

At hundreds, and perhaps thousands, of missions stretching from northern California to Peru, the winter solstice sun triggers an extraordinarily rare and fascinating event – something that I discovered by accident and first documented in one California church nearly 20 years ago.  See article at On Wednesday, Dec. 21, nations in the Northern Hemisphere will mark the winter solstice – the shortest day and longest night of the year. For thousands of years people have marked this event with rituals and celebrations to signal the rebirth of the sun and its victory over darkness. See link to online magazine at https://theconversation.com/a-sacred-light-in-the-darkness-winter-solstice-illuminations-at-spanish-missions-70250

The provision of daylighting in buildings reduces energy consumption required by electric lighting systems and protects the environment. In addition, it improves the visual environment within buildings, which reflects on the productivity and well-being of its users.
In order to maximize the utilization of daylighting, many innovative daylighting systems (IDS) have been developed. All of them depend on optical materials to collect and deliver daylight. As a result, dirt accumulation on the surface of the IDS affects efficiency, especially, in desert regions.
The problem of dirt accumulation has been addressed in the field of solar panels since the 1940s, and many cleaning methods have been developed. However, the application of these methods on the IDS needs further investigation due to the large differences between the solar panels and optical components of the IDS in terms of materials, size, shape, location and many other aspects.
This study investigates dirt accumulation effects on the IDS and possible cleaning methods. It suggests six cleaning mechanisms and twelve cleaning systems that suit different types of IDS in various operating circumstances. The suggested systems can be developed using already available technologies in order to achieve the ultimate in IDS efficiency restoration. However, before this can be done, the economic, environmental, and operational aspects, in addition to potential levels of efficacy and applicability must be assessed.
The study generates parametric tools to predict the economic performances of cleaning systems prior to implementation, considering the most sensitive parameters affecting the cost of cleaning, whether the process is manual or automated. The tool parametrically presents the payback periods of automated cleaning systems in a wide range of configurations. A second tool parametrically presents the annual manual cleaning cost as a percentage of the monetary value of the energy savings gained due to utilization of the IDS.

Many museum and gallery exhibits are fragile objects that would not survive repeated handling. Even where this is not the case, it is generally frowned upon for visitors to touch exhibits. As a result, vision is by far the most important sense for museum visitors. The author’s 18 years of experience of conservation lighting led to the recognition that, at low light levels, there is a strong correlation between colour temperature and perceived brightness. This is evidenced when curators dim down lighting schemes measured at below 50lux because they claim "it looked too bright to be 50lux", believing that a dim orange light signifies conservation levels.

A iluminação de espaços sagrados não é devidamente observada como elemento relevante para a eficácia de tais ambientes. Todavia, a contínua construção e manutenção de igrejas cristãs ao longo de milênios tem manifestado a luz como dotada de força simbólica excepcional e primordial para a percepção do espaço sagrado como lugar de encontro com o divino. O presente artigo trata da luz, manifestadora do transcendente, a partir de abordagem simples, para divulgação em site da empresa D’Falco Vitrais, solicitante do trabalho. São elencados alguns princípios conceituais e diretrizes para o planejamento da luz no espaço sagrado, a partir da análise do vitral como técnica que alia luz e cor, que diz do visível e do invisível.

ABSTRACT
The lighting of sacred spaces is not properly observed as a relevant element for the effectiveness of such environments. However, the continuous construction and maintenance of Christian churches over millennia has manifested the light such as endowed with exceptional and primordial symbolic strength for the perception of the sacred space as a place of encounter with the divine. This article deals with light, a manifestator of the transcendent, from a simple approach, for dissemination on the website of the company D’Falco Vitrais, who requested the work. Some conceptual principles and guidelines for the planning of light in the sacred space are listed, based on the analysis of stained glass as a technique that combines light and color, which speaks of the visible and the invisible.

This paper is a review of the analysis of the horizontal lighting level for a pedestrian public space, with an aim to detect changes in the technical lighting features ascertained after the operation period with regular maintenance. Through parallel analysis of results obtained by measuring in real life conditions and projected values, an insight is provided into the lighting quality transformation under the influence of the environment in the lighting system life cycle. The focal point of the analysis is on the assessment of the lighting system aging and on establishing consequences for ambiance values in terms of the pre-set built space structure. Research is conducted in an open space public area of the Belgrade coastline, within the open-formed residential blocks of Dorcol.

چکیده
بینایی به عنوان مهمترین حس انتقالی در میان دیگر حواس انسانها در منتقل کردن احساسات به مغز انسان نقش بسیار مهمی را ایفا می کند ، که در این بین نور از اهمیت بسزایی برخوردار است . تحقیقات نشان می دهد که میزان شدت ، نوع منبع ، جهت و شیوه توزیع نور در محیط های متفاوت فعالیت انسانی ممکن است تا حدود زیادی بر رفتارها ، روحیات ، بازدهی و کارایی وی تأثیر بگذارد . نور نا مناسب در فضاهای زیستی انسان اعم از محل کار ، منازل و... علاوه بر تأثیر روی بازدهی و کارآیی انسان موجب بروز عواملی چون اضطراب ، کاهش سلامت و آسایش و ناهنجاری های رفتاری می شود . پنجره های با شیشه های رنگی نور را در رنگهای متنوع و متعدد عبور می دهند و در عین حال می توانند از ورود درصد قابل توجهی از اشعه های گرم و سوزان به داخل جلوگیری نمایند و به عنوان کنترل کننده نور نیز ایفای نقش نمایند . در این مقاله  برای بررسی میزان این تأثیرات تعدادی پنجره ارسی سنتی به عنوان نمونه موردی انتخاب شد و ساختار هندسی آنها برداشت گردید و طیف انتقال محدوده مرئی چهار رنگ شیشه های بکار رفته در آنها بدست آمد و در رابطه با تأثیرات این رنگها بر رفتار انسان بررسی هایی انجام شد . در نهایت نورهای مناسب برای فضاهای داخلی ساختمان ها که دارای کمترین میزان ایجاد ناهنجاری های رفتاری در انسان می باشند شناخته و پیشنهاد گردیدند .
واژگان کلیدی : ارسی – پنجره – شیشه های رنگی – معماری داخلی - نورپردازی

Schools and universities are the main spaces for learning, in which he building design can easily affect the learning and interactive process where indoor environment should be considered carefully when designing these learning spaces. One of the most important factors considered is lighting. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of different types of indoor lighting on the learning and interactive process. In this research, The indoors lighting efficacy in two different types of educational places were tested in a quantitative way in addition to users survey for these places to test their satisfaction with the current indoor lighting quality which results that the users prefers natural lighting although it got negative feedback due to inconsistency. Finally, this research gives some recommendations for the usage of the indoors lighting to further enhance the learning and interactive process.

Reflections on LUZBOA by Kai Becker. Obviously not my text, but certainly one where a few my ideas resonate with the author's experience of the city.

Reflexões sobre a LUZBOA, por Kai Becker. Obviamente, o texto não é meu, mas certamente que nele algumas das minhas ideias entram em ressonância com a experiência de Lisboa vivenciada pelo autor.

Source: Becker, Kai; The dark side of the “White City”, Professional Lighting Design, ELDA+ European Lighting Designer’s Association, N. 52, Nov/Dec. 2006, pp. 14-15.

Pavel Korbička’s take on Minimalism is developed by means of an assertively defined luminescent linearity. It works as an (en)light(ening) object input, which inhabits particular spaces while manifesting some sort of hidden order and meaning. In this move, art activates space; space itself resonates with the synergy between me- ticulously located physical contingencies. In this sense, the work is a very clear and straightforward appropriation of material reality, if not – as I believe – a revelation. In other words, these are particularly exceptional spatiali- zations of light (to paraphrase the title of a famous work by Lucio Fontana, Spatial Light – Structure in Neon for the 9th Milan Triennial at the Palazzo dell’Arte in Milan, 1951.

ISBN 978-80-214-5787-4

My area of interest is the lighting sense for visually impaired people. I find that lighting design disciplines is not considered enough for those who are visually impaired, especially for blind people. This is because to most sighted people, even some lighting professors believe that since blind people can't see anything, light has nothing to do with them. They simply ignore this visually impaired group when they are considering lighting design.
However, according to my research, this is wrong. Light, both daylight and electric light, are important to visually impaired people. Firstly, there are different scales of blindness. Only 6-8% of the legally blind are totally blind. Most of the blind people has some sense of light. Secondly, light can play with other senses, such as sound and smell to help them understand about the sequence of a space. Thirdly, light always comes together with heat, because of the wave–particle duality essential to Light. The other senses of blind people are stronger than sighted people, such as the sense of feel heat. Fourthly, light is fundamentally important to keeping the 24 hour cycle of people no matter if they are blind or not. Lastly, blind people share a space with sighted people, light can help them interact socially with each other. At the same time, it will be dangerous if a sighted person can't see blind people clearly in a space.
To me, I don’t want to consider only visually impaired people, but to consider how to bring those who are visually impaired into public space by lighting. Lighting can help visually impaired people better understand a space, find their ways easier, and communicate with others.

Integration of sustainable project management into small business practices is seldom examined in architectural lighting design. One of the major elements of the sustainability of urban ambience entities and preservation of social, architectural and urban values is lighting phenomenon. Its significance is reflected in the aesthetic, as well as the functional qualities of safety and amenity for users. Usually, keeping the traditional types of luminaries (i.e. lanterns) in order to preserve ambience values lies in contradiction with the contemporary requirements, mostly because of the obsolete structural support which normally yields the application of the obsolete lighting technology. On the other hand, the introduction of contemporary luminaries in the urban areas of cultural and historical significance is often undesirable. Thus, the issue of sustainability of the historical urban ambiance entities in the context of the application of the contemporary lighting technical solutions is presented in this paper from the point of view of a project-oriented small organization, which holds in core business the philosophy of the confirmation of the existing lighting fittings to the users' space. This paper proposes and confirms business model which assures preservation of architectural ambient, with added value of the energy efficiency, functionality, life cycle savings, safety and amenity for the users, through the case study of Park vojvode Bojovica in Belgrade, Serbia by experimental collecting of model inputs, whereas the obtained results are verified by means of numeric simulation. Results of this case study make contributions to the domain of management of sustainable projects in area of architectural lighting design while exploring broader social context.

In their quest for the ultimate truth, religions have often described spiritual essence as mystical white light. The light referred to here is the fundamental light of consciousness and awareness. While this mystic spectrum of light is stated to be much more radiant and powerful than the visible spectrum, both share specific basic characteristics that promote the additive mixing of different colours to create white. Various intensities of lucid, limpid, white light make for the essence of the lighting design of this mega temple complex.

This study explores the role of lighting in creating photogenic spaces. Photogenic spaces are intentionally created spaces within commercial spaces for inviting and stimulating users to shoot and share photographs on social media. Lighting plays a significant role in a photogenic space by creating specific spatial experiences and visual imagery for shooting photographs. The study uses measurable indicators in lighting to define the photogenic space through contrast between the subject and its background. Relevant theories about lighting in photogenic spaces are identified from literature reviews. These theories are used to analyze the existing lighting conditions of a commercial space selected as case study as well as propose suitable design interventions to add photogenic value. Comparative user responses are obtained for the existing and post-design intervention lighting conditions using online survey questionnaires. The results of this study show that photogenic spaces can be created within commercial spaces by the appropriate use of color temperature, direction, distribution and intensity of lighting.

It is vitally important to make your hotel stand out, it should be distinctive and give guests a memorable experience, so they come back and recommend it to other people. When guests first set foot in a hotel they briefly have a look around. Good lighting helps to make their first impression positive - focusing their attention on the reception desk and interesting objects around the hotel entrance to make them feel welcome. The lighting also operates as a virtual but silent hotel guide. Make your guests feel guided in the right directions and along corridors to their rooms, lifts, bars or restaurants.

Aydınlatma endüstrisi sürekli olarak kendini yenilemekte ve bizi yeni teknolojilerle tanıştırmaktadır. Bu dönüşüm süreciyle birlikte yeni aydınlatma terimleri de hayatımıza girmektedir.

Işığı ve aydınlatmayı anlamak için ilk önce endüstri jargonuna en iyi şekilde hakim olmak gerekir. Terimlerin yalnızca kelime anlamını bilmek hiçbir zaman yeterli olmayacaktır. Bu kitapta en güncel haliyle aydınlatma terimleri ve bu terimlerin detaylı açıklamaları yer almaktadır.

Örneğin; pek çok kişi HPS kısaltmasının açılımını bilir. Ancak çok az kişi onun ilk tetiklendiği anda neden mavi renkte ışık ürettiğini ve neden yavaş yavaş sarıya döndüğünü açıklayabilecek bilgiye sahiptir.

Mühendis, mimar veya uygulayıcı hangisi olursanız olun aydınlatma alanında çalışmak istiyorsanız başlamanız gereken nokta aydınlatma terimleridir.

Kitabı bitirdiğinizde aydınlatma dilini tam anlamıyla öğreneceksiniz. Sonrasında takip ettiğiniz yayınlar, okuduğunuz makaleler, veri dosyaları, teknik özellik tabloları size daha anlamlı görünmeye başlayacaktır.

A high luminance contrast between windows and surrounding surfaces can increase the risk of discomfort glare, which can diminish office workers' satisfaction and productivity. Accordingly, it can lead to occupant interventions, such as drawing window blinds or increasing electric light levels, which are intended to enhance indoor visual comfort but counterproductively act to increase energy consumption. Increasing the luminance of the areas surrounding the windows using a supplementary lighting system, such as wall-washing with light emitting diode (LED) linear luminaires, could reduce discomfort glare arising from windowed walls. This paper reports on the results of a study in a typical office room in Brisbane, Australia. The outcomes of this study indicate that creating a luminance contrast of between 11:1 and 12:1 on the window wall in an office room with a 45% window-to-exterior-wall ratio using a supplementary LED system leads to improved subjective assessments of window appearance. The results suggest that such an enhancement could significantly reduce discomfort glare from windows, as well as diminishing the likelihood of the users intending to turn on the ceiling lights or to move the blinds.

This study investigates the implications of the introduction of electric lighting systems, building technologies, and theories of worker efficiency on the deep spatial and environmental transformations that occurred within the corporate workplace during the twentieth century. Examining the shift from daylighting strategies to largely artificially lit workplace environments, this paper argues that electric lighting significantly contributed to the architectural rationalization of both office work and the modern office environment. Contesting the historical and critical marginalization of lighting within the discourse of the modern built environment, this study calls for a reassessment of the role of artificial lighting in the development of the modern corporate workplace.
Keywords: daylighting, fluorescent lighting, rationalization, workplace design

In the early Middle Ages, solar observance shaped the art and architecture of Christian churches in primarily three ways. First, medieval writers from across the Mediterranean often related dramatic lighting effects to alignment with the rising sun on astronomically and liturgically significant days. Second, in still-surviving pictorial compositions, light coming in through strategically placed windows aligned with the east–west axis stands in for Christ in a variety of recognizable compositions. Third, archaeoastronomers have hypothesized that select medieval pictorial programs were coordinated with fenestration to
spotlight-specific scenes and figures on specific days and at specific hours.

Concept of the dymicity and the meaning ,
The Nature has Dynamic Identity,
The building with the dynamic shape ,
Dynamic inside the building ,
Dynamic of light,
Dynamic of Form
Dynamic in the planning
Dynamic with sustainable approach for example circulation of wind and natural sources Smart materials with dynamic identity...

Times Square is one of the most iconic places of New York City. It is known worldwide for its electronic billboards, theatres, and its endless nightlife. This is one of the most transited squares of the city and one of places that make NY a city that never sleeps. Located in the hearth of Manhattan, it is a place known by many names, one of them, the crossroads of the world, has to do with its architectonical structure and the historical development of the lighted place for excellence. People from all over the world come and visit this square to be marveled by a unique place, that takes the concept lighted environment one step further. In 2010, the New York City Department of Design and Construction and the New York City Department of Transportation selected an international landscape architectural company to design the new public spaces in Times Square. This site has been an icon for entertainment, culture and urban life for years, but the physical conditions of the streets and sidewalks have deteriorated over time, putting in danger the functionality and safety of this critical crossroads.

Human being, who discovered writing, firstly has written over stones and logs, later over tablets, papyruses,
and metal surfaces because of needs he has obtained information. In this way, he has carried over
information to future generations. Library’s one of the main part of community at individual life, furnishes,
avoids, shares the collected information. These spaces have to correspond physical comfort and
psychological lacks by technological fixture in which activities such as education, researching and spare
timework. We can see lighting as one of the indispensible factor in these activities. Today by the help of
modern lighting systems, it is possible to make different surfaces by color and dimming needed lighting
levels. To avoid exhaustion and increase efficiency we shall benefit from natural light as much as possible.
Unless it is adequate, it has to be supported by artificial lighting after looking to position of building. Lighting
has vital importance on human being as a design element because of maintain eye health, supplying
physical, psychological, and supporting motivation.
At the announcement, necessary lighting systems and methods will be set for visual comfort at library spaces
from the sample Library of Alexandria by giving. In this context, the effects of correct lighting system will be
introduced to constitution of library spaces.

A Abstract. This paper intends to show the relevance of light in the work of Louis Kahn and in the work of Hestnes Ferreira in formal and perceptive terms. Raúl Hestnes Ferreira (Lisbon, 1931) is a Portuguese architect who had the privilege of studying and working with Louis I. Kahn between 1963 and 1965. Light, although an external and contingent element of architecture, is a decisive element in terms of definition and perception. Therefore, four works by each architect are compared and analyzed. The results help to highlight the importance of light and shadow in the determination of architectural spaces and how silence enhances the perception of Hestnes Ferreira and Louis Kahn spaces.

Lighting allows users to accomplish their tasks, feel safe and understand the surrounding environment. Therefore, it is an inseparable component of buildings. Building codes, energy standards and regulations determine the required illuminances to provide visual comfort. However, the existing requirements are constituted considering healthy eyes only. Different visual comfort requirements for people with visual disabilities, in particular for elderly people, are not clear. The world's older population continues to grow remarkably. In fact, the illuminance requirements show great difference for elderly people. For instance, an average 60 years old eye requires three times more illuminance than an average 20 years old eye. Therefore, a lighting design that complies with the regulations may not satisfy elderly users' needs. Elderly spend most of their time indoors thus indoor spaces should fulfill their needs. Indoor lighting design and visual comfort are vital to prevent accidents and falls. Though such technical information is critical, it has not sufficiently covered in literature from elderly users' perspective. For that reason within this study, technical lighting design recommendations for residential areas from previous research have been offered to obtain visual comfort for elderly users. Different visual requirements of each space type are emphasized to promote accessible design for elderly. The research aims to contribute to literature and guide future research on elderly indoor comfort.

This article is primarily based on a lecture presented by Dr. Amardeep M Dugar at the LED Expo Thailand 2017, Bangkok. While he has not authored the article, some of his works along with other publications are used as references for describing the role of lighting as a vital component in urban redevelopment.

Introdução de 'Arte na Cidade', uma edição Temas e Debates/Círculo de Leitores. Disponível em: http://www.temasedebates.pt/livros/ficha/arte-na-cidade?id=15918526

Texto de contracapa: Tendo como objetivo elucidar o público acerca das possibilidades que a arte oferece à cidade contemporânea, este livro destina-se a um público vasto, composto por estudantes, artistas, arquitetos, designers, urbanistas, engenheiros e todos os interessados nas ciências sociais e na cidade como tecido social.
Do registo de pequenos e grandes acontecimentos da arte contemporânea às possibilidades que esta arte oferece às cidades de hoje, passando pelos segredos da linguagem da arte pública e pelas perspetivas da arte do futuro, este livro é como um caleidoscópio em que sucessivas lentes, disciplinas, saberes, e seus jargões, experiências e seus momentos, se aproximam no âmbito de uma mesma realidade fluida e em mutação.

Lo studio della storia dell'architettura si arricchisce di suggestione se, parallelamente all'analisi delle architetture in pietra, calcestruzzo, malta e mattoni, giunte fino a noi, si porta avanti in modo costante lo studio di quelle che sono state le strutture effimere della festa, ossia quell'insieme di manufatti in tela, legno, stucco, gesso e cartapesta che, calati nel tessuto vivo e pulsante della città, hanno costituito delle forme complementari a quella che era l'architettura permanente: la costante che gli architetti ricercavano in queste vere e proprie rappresentazioni teatrali era rendere vivida nello spettatore l'effetto di sinestesia, nel quale la luce, l'architettura, la musica e il tempo si fondevano insieme a creare una vera e propria forma di "arte totale".

Familiar and simple, yet entrancing and never the same, the play of light around us make the world endlessly compelling. People have always been drawn to gaze upon the dawning or setting sun, and in archaic times -from the Nile to the British Isles, from the Americas to the Far East -to build shrines and temples to receive those golden rays as something divine.

The fact that colour and natural lighting have an impact on individuals in their environments cannot be disputed. This report examines the effects of these variables on gamblers, and in particular how lighting variation can alter their gambling habits.A combination of research methodologies contribute to the study.These include the analysis and evaluation of established theory and literature; the thoughts and opinions of gambling industry professionals; a case study investigating the lighting design process of the UK’s largest casino; and empirical primary research. It can be concluded that although research investigating humans’‘general’ response to colour and natural lighting is vast, research into the effect on gambling habits in particular is limited; evident through the lack of its use in the industry.The empirical research found that gamblers did not increase bet risk under red light as opposed to natural light, as hypothesised.The investigations did, however, support the hypothesis that player will regain a better perception of time in natural lighting conditions than red lighting conditions.The report concludes by offering design recommendations for industry professionals and suggested further research; in particular the encouragement of introduction of natural lighting into gaming properties.

"BASE SEVEN and SOUND-COLOR CORRESPONDENCE" presents a novel framework that integrates numerical systems with color representation through a unique chromatic approach based on cyclic orders. The concept revolves around the relationship between different numerical bases and their visual representations, specifically focusing on Base 7. The paper explores the mathematical properties of cyclic numbers, monotonic functions, and their implications for establishing a harmonic system that maps numbers to colors in a structured way, thereby creating a cohesive language for sounds, colors, and numbers.
For more information see the following link: https://pdpseven.wixsite.com/sound-color