Air Power Studies

Este trabalho resultou do desafio colocado aos oficiais-alunos do Curso de Estado-Maior Conjunto (CEM-C) na apresentação de Trabalho de Investigação Individual (TII) que trouxesse mais-valias para o futuro.”. Deste modo, decidimos pelo projecto da criação de um Instituto Superior Militar (ISMI) para Moçambique. Daí a proposta do tema “Contributo da Criação do Instituto de Estudos Superiores Militares para a Consolidação da Profissionalização das Forças Armadas de Defesa Moçambique O presente TII tem como objectivo mostrar que o IESM pode contribuir para a formação contínua dos oficiais das FADM, consolidando deste modo à sua profissionalização, designadamente através do desenvolvimento de acções de formação nas áreas de Comando, Direcção e Estado-Maior das FA quer em Forças Conjuntas quer Combinadas. O desenvolvimento de uma melhor Formação Militar Profissional (FMP) é encarado pelas FADM como um dos aspectos importantes do processo da sua modernização. A liderança militar moçambica...

China's military build-up and its wolf warrior diplomacy are reshaping Australian foreign and defense policies. In response, Australia has conceived grand strategies of balancing and engagement and embraced a new defense approach. However, this rethinking has somewhat neglected air power, focusing instead on land and naval forces. The Royal Australian Air Force is modern and well-trained but limited in scale and with sustainment concerns. These characteristics pose challenges given that the two grand strategies have different requirements and undertaking both simultaneously creates real issues. There are multiple implications for the air force's force structure, basing, readiness, and mobilization Moreover, the new defense approach considers the possibility of major power regional conflict but fails to address that such conflict might be protracted.

After the First World War, which was the first important conflict involving airplanes in different forms of use, there was an accelerated development of military and civil aviation in several countries. At that time, the first works began to appear on how the plane could be used in combat. One of the main theorists was Giulio Douhet, who in 1921 published the book “Command of the Air”, which dealt for the first time with the strategic use of aviation and the creation of an autonomous air force, separate from the army and navy. This work aims to analyze the main ideas of Giulio Douhet's work and seek to compare them to the characteristics of the Luftwaffe in World War II, to verify the influence of Douhet's ideas on the formation of the Luftwaffe in the period preceding the beginning of World War II. Using qualitative analysis, based on bibliographical research, the formation and form of employment between the Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force in the first years of the Second World War were compared. This research concluded that Douhet's ideas had repercussions on the Luftwaffe High Command, influencing the formation and use of that force in the conflict.

Após a Primeira Guerra Mundial (I GM), que foi o primeiro conflito importante com envolvimento de aviões em diferentes formas de emprego, houve um desenvolvimento acelerado da aviação militar e civil em diversos países. Nessa época começaram a surgir os primeiros trabalhos sobre a forma de emprego do avião em combate. Um dos principais teóricos foi Giulio Douhet que em 1921 publicou o livro “O Domínio do Ar”, o qual tratava pela primeira vez sobre o uso estratégico da aviação e a criação de uma força aérea autônoma, desvinculada do exército e da marinha. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as principais ideias da obra de Giulio Douhet e buscando compará-las às características da Luftwaffe (Força Aérea Alemã) na 2ª Guerra Mundial (II GM), de modo a verificar a influência das ideias de Douhet na formação da Luftwaffe no período que antecede o início da 2ª Guerra Mundial. Utilizando-se de análise qualitativa, baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica, comparou-se a formação e forma de emprego da Luftwaffe à Royal Air Force (Real Força Aérea Britânica – RAF) nos primeiros anos da II GM. Esta pesquisa concluiu que as ideias de Douhet tiveram repercussão no Alto-Comando da Luftwaffe, influenciando tanto a formação quanto no emprego daquela força no conflito.

During the Falklands War in 1982, the United Kingdom conducted an amphibious landing to repossess the Falkland Islands from the invading Argentinians. The Falkland Islands naturally possess thousands of miles of shoreline and more than two dozen suitable beaches for an amphibious landing with several in close proximity to the United Kingdom’s primary objective of Stanley. However, British forces landed in the San Carlos Water, a bay across East Falkland Island miles from their objective all the while short of tracked vehicles and helicopter transports and pressured by the approaching onset of the Southern Hemisphere’s winter. This article analyzes why British task force planners selected the San Carlos inlet for an amphibious assault and what parameters and events bound or persuaded planners to make their final decision. This article contributes to the operational analysis historiography of the Falklands War by examining the reasoning of selection and further supplements the historiography on the British way of war with regard to amphibious operations.

A szerzők összegzik a Társadalmi Megújulás Operatív Program (TÁMOP) 4.2.1.B-11/2/KMR/2011. keretében induló "Civil-Katonai Partnerség" alprogram kiemelt kutatási területeinek kutatási céljait, a kutatások várható eredmé-nyeit,valamint a tervezett együttműködőket. Az alprogram kiemelt kutatási területei: tűzoltás és az adott terület árvíz-rizikójának menedzsmentje; munkahelyi ergonómiai kockázatok csökkentésének lehetőségei; humánvédelem-béke-műveleti és vészhelyzet-kezelési eljárások fejlesztése; vészhelyzeti viselkedés technikai megközelítése; viselkedés vészhelyzetekben; működésbiztonság szabályozása; energiabiztonság; az éghajlatváltozás hatása a biztonságra és a katonai erő alkalmazására; építmények védelme, megerősítése robbantásos cselekmények ellen; közlekedési kritikus infrastruktúra védelem. The authors give the general picture of the Social Renewal Operational Program (SROP)-4.2.1.B-11/2/KMR-2011-0001 titled with "The critical infrastructure protection"...

The concept of air dominance is a fundamental pillar of modern military strategy, ensuring that a nation's air forces maintain control of the airspace to carry out offensive and defensive operations. This paper explores the evolving nature of air warfare, examining key strategies and emerging technologies essential for achieving air dominance in the future. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), cyber operations, hypersonic weapons, and space-based assets is analyzed, along with the challenges posed by advanced air defense systems and geopolitical complexities. The paper also emphasizes the importance of multidomain operations and global presence, highlighting the strategic significance of air force mobility, alliances, and forward-deployed assets. Through the review of historical case studies and the discussion of future trends, this paper provides strategic recommendations for military leaders to prioritize innovation, adaptability, and international cooperation in their air dominance operations.

A századfordulón az Elsevier azon gondolkodott, hogy létrehozzon egy multidiszciplináris absztrakt- és hivatkozási adatbázist, amely segíti a kutatóközösséget a tudományos irodalomban való eligazodásban. A Scopus hivatalosan 2004 novemberében indult el. Az elmúlt 20 évben a Scopus figyelemre méltó növekedési és innovációs utat járt be. Tudják, hogyan kezdődött az egész? Olvassanak tovább, hogy megtudják!

The weather change of the recent decades caused changes that can be felt in Vojvodina, too. In this economy which mostly relies on agriculture, farmlands are afflicted with floods one year and drought in another. To balance these, canal systems are already built. Because of the size of the canal network, its periodic monitoring requires huge amount of work and recourses. Our research investigates possibility of aerial monitoring of regional irrigation and drainage canals using drones. Autonomous flying robots are becoming more and more popular in recent years. This is happening because the technology they are based on is getting less expensive, quadcopters have broken into the consumer market, so the manufacturing costs are constantly decreasing. This enables them to be used both in research and in the industry without having to pay huge amounts of money. In this research, a commercially available quadcopter has been used to monitor water canals around the city. By design, the devic...

This essay presents the findings of research concerning the environmental consequences of the wars in Iraq. The environmental impact of war reflects the degree of natural resource degradation and is related to the magnitude and intensity of military activities, for instance, bombing, burning of oil wells, and agricultural destruction. In developing countries, military conflict often accelerates the ongoing process of environmental deterioration, including desertification and loss of biodiversity. The present study describes the changes and their consequences that Iraq's environment has gone through as a result of the wars in 1991 and 2003. Both the direct impact of warfare and indirect consequences are covered in relation to such components of the environment as water, soil, and air. The essay stresses that all environmental degradation has a severe impact on the humanitarian situation. One of the reasons for the collapse of Iraq's environmental management system is the changes that its economy has gone through. Scarce natural resources in postwar Iraq impede the recovery of its environment, generating a positive feedback that damages both the environment and socioeconomic systems. Both of these negative effects may be counteracted by certain mitigation strategies. Besides a survey of the environmental changes in Iraq, the paper gives some policy recommendations and reveals the need for more detailed and in-depth research. This essay analyzes the evolution of Iraq's environmental degradation after several military conflicts by examining a variety of case studies. It sheds light on the significant humanitarian consequences and presents one of the management strategies that can underpin decision-making in post-conflict environmental recovery.

De que forma a humanidade está a desbravar a última fronteira do ciberespaço. A revolução da informação criou o ciberespaço, um novo território sempre em expansão e transformação. Esta nova geografia é verdadeiramente complexa e difícil de compreender para a maioria dos habitantes do planeta Terra, o qual também já é digital. Como é que a dialética entre conflito e cooperação está a ser traduzida no ciberespaço, onde os desafios são inéditos e os inimigos invisíveis ou imaginários.

A csõvezetékek lyukadásakor, torésekor gyakran alakulnak ki kritikus helyzetek, gondoljunk csak a nagy átméroju vízvezetékek toréseire Budapesten. A termékvezetékek megfúrásakor nemcsak a környezetben kelefkezo kár lehet jelentos mértékü, hanem emberi életet is ...

An efficient organizational structure must implement a continuous process of evaluation, both the internal and external context, adapting its mission, vision and strategy to technological evolution, reliability, systems maintainability, availability of human resources and goods, technical competences, qualification requirements, manufacture's logistical support and available budget. Some of the Communication, Navigation and Surveillance/Air Traffic Management Systems (CNS/ATM) have less performance than their operational needs and there are serious doubts about its management efficiency. This investigation is based on bibliographical research, interviews and surveys to the maintenance teams, end users and military personnel with experience in management of CNS/ATM systems. It was also analyzed the NAV Portugal and Royal Air Force CNS/ATM service. With the establishment of the mission, vision, organization values and strategy related to the POAF CNS/ATM service, this service was analyzed through different scenarios, namely a centralized, decentralized, mixed structure and through the outsourcing. Considering the internal and external context of POAF, the structure which guarantees a service of excellence is the mixed structure with a central organ (Centre of Maintenance of Electronics (CME)) highly qualified in the CNS/ATM service with the least dependence of the system's manufacturers, and a maintenance team in each Air Base, in order to guarantee a quick answer. This team has only the qualifications needed to interfere in the systems with the support of the CME. To guarantee a service of excellence it will be also needed to review the needs of POAF CNS/ATM service, defining the operational and CNS/ATM services doctrines, maintenance concepts and maintenance programs for all the systems, qualification programs and a central monitoring and control CNS/ATM system in the CME.

The prevalent and common understanding of air power is very capability-centric and limited to bean-counting of aerial platforms, like fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft, and their kinetic potential to carry out damage on and impact the will of an adversary. However, this understanding of air power is not inclusive as it does not take into account a country's intrinsic capacity and capability to design and manufacture aircraft, critical components and technologies, like engines, sensors, materials and so on. Such capacities and capabilities ensure that the country is self-reliant in the defence and civil aerospace sector and less reliant on foreign suppliers, thereby strengthening the country's strategic autonomy. This article argues that such capacities and capabilities are important elements that need to be factored in to arrive at a comprehensive assessment of a country's air power, and that such an assessment will be more inclusive and provide the true picture of a country's actual potential as an air power.

The prevalent and common understanding of air power is very capability-centric and limited to bean-counting of aerial platforms, like fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft, and their kinetic potential to carry out damage on and impact the will of an adversary. However, this understanding of air power is not inclusive as it does not take into account a country's intrinsic capacity and capability to design and manufacture aircraft, critical components and technologies, like engines, sensors, materials and so on. Such capacities and capabilities ensure that the country is self-reliant in the defence and civil aerospace sector and less reliant on foreign suppliers, thereby strengthening the country's strategic autonomy. This article argues that such capacities and capabilities are important elements that need to be factored in to arrive at a comprehensive assessment of a country's air power, and that such an assessment will be more inclusive and provide the true picture of a country's actual potential as an air power.

A pilóta nélküli légijármű rendszerek fejlődése napjainkra jutott el arra a szintre, ami már lehetővé tenné gyakorlatban történő alkalmazásuk széleskörű elterjedését az élet számos területén, így a közfeladatok ellátása során is. A felhasznált technológiák jelenleg is zajló forradalma és az UAV rendszerekben történő integrált felhasználása korábban soha nem látott folyamatokat indíthat be többek között a közigazgatási, rendészeti, katonai és katasztrófavédelmi alkalmazások fejlesztése területén, melynek hatására új koncepciók, eljárások kidolgozására nyílik lehetőség. Ugyanakkor ahhoz, hogy ezeket a korszerű eszközöket és megoldásokat hatékonyan építsük be az érintett szervezetek tevékenység rendszerébe, számos akadály leküzdésére, a gondolkodás stratégiai szinten történő megváltoztatására van szükség, ami érintheti akár a struktúrát, akár az oktatás, kiképzés felkészítés teljes vertikumát. Jelen publikáció keretében a nemzetközi technológiai trendek és globális piaci folyamatok vis...

PoPulation & Migration this product is part of the rand europe research brief series. rand research briefs present policy-oriented summaries of an individual peer-reviewed document or a body of published work; current or completed work; and innovative research methodologies. rand europe Westbrook Centre Milton road Cambridge CB4 1yg united kingdom tel +44.1223.353.329 fax +44.

Estruturação e gestão de carreiras em países amigos e aliados. Análise comparativa das mais recentes alterações em relação ao caso português iii Agradecimentos O presente trabalho de investigação contou com a colaboração de ilustres oficiais, dos três ramos das Forças Armadas portuguesas, ao longo de todas as fases do percurso metodológico, a quem manifesto a minha profunda gratidão pela ajuda que me deram, sem a qual não teria sido possível a sua concretização. Relevo, em particular, a permanente e cuidada atenção, o conselho avisado e a grande qualidade da assistência técnica e científica que me foi disponibilizada pelo meu orientador, Coronel de Infantaria Tirocinado Barreiros dos Santos. Agradeço, ainda, de modo muito especial, aos Diretores de Pessoal dos ramos, Contra-Almirante Novo Palma, Major-General Fonseca e Sousa e Major-General José Mata, o grande auxílio proporcionado à minha investigação. Ao Diretor-Geral de Recursos da Defesa Nacional, Dr. Alberto Coelho, e ao Chefe da Divisão de Recursos do Estado-Maior-General das Forças Armadas, Brigadeiro-General Maurício Raleiras, manifesto o meu reconhecimento pelo suporte evidenciado. Aos adidos militares da Alemanha, do Brasil, de França, de Espanha, dos Estados Unidos da América, da Holanda e do Reino Unido, agradeço o valioso contributo dado, facultando a informação solicitada. Agradeço ao adido de defesa junto da Embaixada Portuguesa, em Madrid, Coronel José Serra, a excelente ligação com o Ministério da Defesa espanhol. Aos camaradas auditores do Curso de Promoção a Oficial General 2015/16, manifesto o meu sentido apreço pela amizade, ajuda e ânimo que sempre me dispensaram. Finalmente agradeço à minha mulher Maria João, à minha filha Joana e ao meu neto Afonso a cumplicidade, o incentivo, a motivação e a compreensão que sempre me manifestaram ao longo destes últimos meses, em que estive amiúde ausente. Bem hajam. Estruturação e gestão de carreiras em países amigos e aliados. Análise comparativa das mais recentes alterações em relação ao caso português

A tanulmány két egyszerű, tankönyvi példa segítségével mutatja be, hogy miként vezet jövedelmi és klímavédelmi lehetőségeink beszűküléséhez, ha a rendelkezésünkre álló termelési és szén-dioxid-csökkentési alternatíváinkat nem a megfelelő, a legalapvetőbb közgazdasági elméletek által javasolt sorrendben valósítjuk meg.

At least from the very academic viewpoint, war is a condition of armed conflict between at least two sides (but, in fact, states). There are, historically, several types of warfare as conventional warfare, civil war, lightning war (blitzkrieg in German), total war, hegemonic war, liberation war, war on terrorism, etc. However, according to the used warfare technique, there is, for instance, little war (guerrilla war in Spanish) or according to the (counter)balance of warfare sides, there is asymmetric war as an example.

Pilóta nélküli légi jármű érzékelésének lehetséges megoldásai Possible Solutions for Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle Detection Napjainkban a drónok kiemelt figyelmet kapnak világszerte. Egyre növekvő számban jelennek meg a különböző típusok polgári, kereskedelmi, valamint közszolgálati felhasználásban is. Egyre szélesebb körű felhasználása viszont számos kihívást jelent a hatósági szerveknek. A drónok integrálása a légi közlekedésbe jelenleg is zajlik. Kellő odafigyelést és éberséget követel az egyéb "hagyományos" légi járművet vezető hajózó állománytól is, hiszen ezek az eszközök sokszor váratlanul jelennek meg az égbolton, és jelenlétük a legtöbb esetben alig észrevehető. A cikkben összegyűjtöm azokat a fizikai alapokon nyugvó műszaki megoldásokat, amelyek segítségével információt kaphatunk a pilóta nélküli légi járművek jelenlétéről, hollétéről, illetve nyomon követhetjük tevékenységüket. Kulcsszavak: drón, detektálás, radar, felderítés, elektromágneses jel Nowadays, drones are getting a lot of attention worldwide. They are becoming more and more common in various types of civil, commercial and public service use. Their increasing use poses a number of challenges for public authorities. The integration of drones into air transport is still in the particular focus of attention, as it is currently being implemented. It also requires a high level of attention and vigilance on the part of the crews of other "conventional" aircraft, as they often appear unexpectedly in the sky and in most cases their presence is hardly noticeable. In this article, I will collect technical solutions based on physical subsystems that can be used to obtain information on the presence and whereabouts of unmanned aerial vehicles and to monitor their activities.

Pilóta nélküli légi járművek megjelenési gyakoriságának vizsgálata Ma már szinte nem találni olyan személyt, aki ne hallott volna pilóta nélküli repülőgépekről, vagy közismertebb nevükön a drónokról. Egyre intenzívebb jelenlétük az élet számos területén érzékelhető. A 21. század egyik nagy kihívása, hogy milyen módon és miként tudjuk ezeket a légi járműveket integrálni a hagyományos légi közlekedés rendszerébe. Megjelenési gyakoriságuk vizsgálatából képet kaphatunk arról, hogy ezek a pilóta nélküli légi járművek milyen gyakran és milyen magasságokban fordulnak elő leginkább. A cikkben ennek a vizsgálatnak az eredményeit kívánom bemutatni.

Ma már szinte nem találni olyan személyt, aki ne hallott volna pilóta nélküli repülőgépekről, vagy közismertebb nevükön a drónokról. Egyre intenzívebb jelenlétük az élet számos területén érzékelhető. A 21. század egyik nagy  kihívása, hogy milyen módon és miként tudjuk ezeket a légi járműveket integrálni a hagyományos légi közlekedés  rendszerébe. Megjelenési gyakoriságuk vizsgálatából képet  kaphatunk arról, hogy ezek a pilóta nélküli légi járművek  milyen gyakran és milyen magasságokban fordulnak elő  leginkább. A cikkben ennek a vizsgálatnak az eredményeit kívánom bemutatni.

In the field of technological development, a new image of innovation has emerged. 3D printing is one of the most revolutionary manufacturing technologies of our time, yet its history can be traced back to the 1980s. Events such as the expiration of patents related to 3D printing and the phenomenon of an industrial revolution called Industry 4.0 led to a boom. The opportunities offered by the technology have been exploited internationally by several different repertoire companies. Following its spread, companies such as Airbus or Boeing began to make  extensive use of 3D printing. In our article we would like to present, in addition to the international use of the technology, the construction of a sensor channel integrated in our unmanned aerial vehicle, which is a really interesting example of the use of 3D printing technology at the domestic level.

BEVEZETÉS Az állam vízügyi feladatainak egzakt meghatározása rendkívül nehéz, illetve való színűleg lehetetlen vállalkozás. Az állam közfeladatokban vállalt szerepének eldönté séhez ugyanis nem rendelhetők mérőszámok, általános érvényű etikai, gazdasági vagy politikai szabályok. Azt tapasztaljuk, hogy a különböző országok közteherviselésben vállalt szerepe gazdasági teherbíró képességükkel nincs összefüggésben (7. táblázat).

The weather change of the recent decades caused changes that can be felt in Vojvodina, too. In this economy which mostly relies on agriculture, farmlands are afflicted with floods one year and drought in another. To balance these, canal systems are already built. Because of the size of the canal network, its periodic monitoring requires huge amount of work and recourses. Our research investigates possibility of aerial monitoring of regional irrigation and drainage canals using drones. Autonomous flying robots are becoming more and more popular in recent years. This is happening because the technology they are based on is getting less expensive, quadcopters have broken into the consumer market, so the manufacturing costs are constantly decreasing. This enables them to be used both in research and in the industry without having to pay huge amounts of money. In this research, a commercially available quadcopter has been used to monitor water canals around the city. By design, the devic...

Cybersecurity and Cyberwar-What everyone needs to know" written by P.W. Singer and Allan Friedman was issued at a time when the threats to personal and national security, determined by the uniqueness of information technology devices, attain an unprecedented level of complexity and risk. The book constitutes an essential read for almost everybody concerned with the cyber phenomenon, no matter if they are working in business, military, media or are just simple citizens. The authors manage to fi nd the common denominator for all those categories of persons, wonderfully presenting the facts, analyses and explanations in a simple, enjoyable and smart way, thus enabling the achieving of a comprehensive knowledge about the too often hidden world of cybersecurity. Written in an accessible yet deeply informative style, the book captivates the lecturer from its introduction, where questions like why write such a book, and what the authors expect to accomplish are superbly addressed. The book is structured in three parts, suggestively named after the propellant questions of cybersecurity: Part I-How it all works, Part II-Why it all matters and Part III-What we can do. Special emphasis is placed on engaging stories and subjects like the Stuxnet computer virus, the "hacktivism" phenomenon, the "Anonymous" hacker group or the newly created Chinese and US military cyber units to name just a few.

No contexto do Seminário de Inovação no âmbito das Comemorações do Dia do Exército de 2023, em Viana do Castelo, destacamos um projeto relacionado com a temática da Sobrevivência Militar. O projeto Pluriprotech, desenvolvido por um consórcio que congregou o Exército Português, através da Unidade Militar Laboratorial de Defesa Biológica e o CINAMIL e a Universidade do Minho, Fibrenamics, Sciencentris, Latino Group e Tintex.

Társaság (a továbbiakban: HM Zrínyi Nonprofit Kft.) a repülésbiztonságot szolgáló, repülésiakadályadatbázis előállításában a katonai repülőterekre és az országos szintű rész adatbázisra két évtizedes tapasztalattal rendelkezik. A jogszabály szerint 2019-től kezdődően a katonai mellett a polgári célú repülési terep-és akadály-részadatbázisok elkészítése, aktualizálása, kezelése és szolgáltatása az AIS 3 szervezet részére is a feladatai közé tartozik. Az adatbázis a repülőterek kategóriáját és a repülőeszközök különböző repülési tulajdonságait figyelembe véve, az adott repülőeszköz-csoport (katonai repülőgépek, helikopterek, polgári utasszállító és sportrepülőgépek) számára a repülés különböző fázisaiban akadályt, veszélyt jelentő mesterséges és természetes tereptárgyak adatait tartalmazza. Készítése során be kell tartani a Nemzetközi Polgári Repülési Szervezet (ICAO 4) előírásait, az Európai Uniós és a magyar jogszabályokat, valamint az Eurocontrol és az Európai Repülésbiztonsági Ügynökség (EASA) szakmai dokumentumait az adatmodellre vonatkozóan. Az akadályadatok előállításához ortofotókat, Lidar-adatokat, az infrastruktúra-üzemeltetőktől kapott adatokat, valamint geodéziai felmérést használunk.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) make significant contributions to the war fighting capability of operational forces. The assumption is that piloted, remotely piloted, and autonomous vehicles have advantages and disadvantages in military operations, and that these vary in strategic significance for different levels of conflict. Since it is essential for the U.S. defense establishment to consider the strategic and technological implications of these types of aerial vehicles, this study is devoted to addressing the issues raised by the new generation of aerial vehicles. As technological advances increase the lethality of weapons on the modern battlefield, it is inevitable that UAVs will reduce the risks to humans in combat. If there is a fundamental constraint on the development of UAVs, it is that technology promises to find purely unmanned solutions to combat but cannot deliver on that promise. Political and military authorities should approach with caution the prospect of a world in which automated systems select military targets and employ lethal ordnance.

Desafios e Oportunidades na Manutenção de Helicópteros Militares em Ambientes Operacionais Complexos: uma análise para a evolução Challenges and Opportunities in the Maintenance of Military Helicopters in Complex Operational Environments: an analysis for evolution. RESUMO Nos bastidores das operações aéreas do Exército Brasileiro, enfrenta-se o desafio crucial e estratégico da manutenção de helicópteros militares em ambientes operacionais complexos. Essas aeronaves demandam cuidados constantes devido à diversidade de cenários no vasto território brasileiro, tornando a manutenção um quebra-cabeça preciso. Abordamos os desafios específicos e as estratégias adotadas pelos profissionais de manutenção para garantir a prontidão das aeronaves, visando à segurança e estabilidade do país. A implementação de uma abordagem especializada na formação, incluindo a redefinição estratégica de currículos e treinamentos específicos, promete eficiência operacional notável. A redução de prazos, falhas de diagnóstico e a cooperação internacional são fatores-chave para fortalecer a prontidão operacional das aeronaves nas futuras operações aéreas do Exército Brasileiro. Palavras-chave: Manutenção de aeronaves militares. Ambientes operacionais complexos. Asa rotativa. Helicópteros. Exército Brasileiro. Forças Armadas.

Az összefoglaló rövid áttekintést ad a téri tájékozódás kognitív idegtudományi kutatásának előzményeiről, bemutatja meghatározó egyéniségeit. A neuropszichológiai szemelvények és a helytanulás tudománytörténeti ismertetése után kitér a helyhez kötött emlékezés többdimenziós természetére. A teret különböző modalitású ingerek alkotják, amelyek mind alkotórészei egy történetnek, amit magunk szövünk mások inspirációi alapján. Megvizsgáljuk az egocentrikus-allocentrikus reprezentációk dinamikai változásait, valamint a figyelmi előtér és háttér klinikai vonzatait, a szorongás és a téri navigáció kölcsönhatásait. A felsorakoztatott adatok felhívják a figyelmet a jövő évtizedeket érintő néhány aktuális kérdésre. Hogyan alkalmazkodjunk a tömegesen megjelenő computer által létrehozott valóságokhoz? A tér általános szemlélete mennyiben segíti az én elhatárolódásra vagy fúzióra törekvő automatizmusait? Mit kínál nekünk, szakembereknek a taktilis, auditív, proprioceptív ingereket is alkalmazó fe...

A cikkben a szerzők bemutatják az Airbus H145M típusú könnyű harci helikopter fegyverzetét. Rövid fejlesztési történetet követően a helikopteren alkalmazható különböző fegyverrendszerekkel foglalkozunk, többek között tűzfegyverekkel, nemirányítható és irányítható rakétákkal, a típushoz rendszeresített rakéták rakétahajtóművével, valamint a helikopterfedélzeti rakéták irányításával.