Agile Methods

Context: Development of software-intensive products and services increasingly occurs by continuously deploying product or service increments, such as new features and enhancements, to customers. Product and service developers must continuously find out what customers want by direct customer feedback and usage behaviour observation. Objective: This paper examines the preconditions for setting up an experimentation system for continuous customer experiments. It describes the RIGHT model for Continuous Experimentation (Rapid Iterative value creation Gained through High-frequency Testing), illustrating the building blocks required for such a system. Method: An initial model for continuous experimentation is analytically derived from prior work. The model is matched against empirical case study findings from two startup companies and further developed. Results: Building blocks for a continuous experimentation system and infrastructure are presented. Conclusions: A suitable experimentation system requires at least the ability to release minimum viable products or features with suitable

With the increasing popularity of Agile Methods, many software organisations are moving away from traditional methods to adopt Agile development methodologies. Instead of being predictive, Agile is rather adaptive and people-focussed. It advocates a ...

Construction projects in Egypt are categorized with high uncertainties. Coping with change in construction projects is such a big challenge that a project manager could face in managing a project. Change is something evitable specially when addressed from the owners’ side. In this certain situation and the dynamic environment of construction projects, flexibility and elasticity are needed to tackle change. The aim of this thesis is to develop a methodology to react to change easily. Agile project management is introduced to the construction sector in Egypt, as it has proven its success in the IT industry all over the world. Triangulation of different methods where used to gather data about agile project management. More specifically, interviews with experts from the field, a questionnaire to get respondents opinions about integrating agile methods to the construction projects and finally developing a medium sized project with the agile practice to test out the findings all together. Agile can be determined to react to change efficiently and effectively in construction projects with some amendments to cope with the characteristics of this enormous field. In conclusion, agile methods are a catalyst for changes in construction projects in the dynamic environment of Egypt, with expanding the methodology in alliance to cope with construction management features. Agile project management works is shorter cycles than traditional project management besides more creative and dependent teams. Client involvement in managing a project is one of the major factors that speeds up a project. Applying agile methodologies will decrease time, cost and escalate customer satisfaction in the construction field in the Egyptian economy.

This paper focuses on the importance of test driven development, in an interdisciplinary academic case study, involving unauthorized access and fraud. In it, Problem Based Learning (PBL) enabled the organization of an environment for diverse knowledge and skills, favorable to experimentation and prototyping of new models, methods, techniques, and tools. The application of the principles of agile methods aimed at overcoming difficulties related to the computer systems development, such as requirement changes, uncertainties, and risks, in order to improve quality. Unlike traditional methodologies, tests were used since the beginning of the development lifecycle with Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD). The agile testing quadrants guided the categorized elaboration of tests during unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing phases. The main contribution of this article was the integrated application of PBL, ATDD, and agile development in the case study of a Real-Time Embedded System for Unauthorized Access Control and Fraud Detection (Sistema Embarcado de Tempo Real para Controle de Acessos Indevidos e Deteccao de Fraudes-SETRAIF).

In this paper some preliminary guidelines are defined to assess the adherence of agile methods to the MR-MPS model by means of established metrics, taking into consideration the intrinsic characteristics of each one. As a case study, an analysis of the adherence of three agile methods (XP, Scrum and OpenUP) according to G and F levels of the MR-MPS was

Abstract After decades from introducing and using agile methodologies, project managers realized that no methodology is sufficient by itself. Thus, merging their principles is the solution yet no formal solution has been proposed. Relying on previous work, ATT ...

There are many evidences in the literature that the use self-managing teams has positive impacts on several dimensions of team effectiveness. Agile methods, supported by the Agile Manifesto, defend the use of self-managing teams in software development in substitution ...

Agility is the keyword if one needs to survive in this rapidly changing world, keeping pace and at the same time not loosing balance or control which could result in loss of quality of performance. No wonder agile methods have emerged in the field of software development as well, and they are gaining popularity in academics also. The bunches of agile methods evolved so far are not only able to deliver software products quickly and easily but also make the agile team to think quickly and in an intelligent way. Agile methods are people centric or people driven software process. The objective of this study is to survey groups of students and gather an opinion regarding their program development techniques, their preferences in choosing programming partners, their views about what affects quality of a product. The ultimate aim is to identify a pattern which we claim is agile like, although most students are unaware of the existence of agile process models.

This paper presents a streamlined approach to human-computer interaction design called extreme designing. Extreme designing follows on the footsteps of agile methods and is analogous to extreme programming. However, it is not radically committed to "user interface coding" (sketching or prototyping alone), but instead proposes to combine user interface sketches with a more structured representation such as an interaction model. By doing so, it brings together the advantages of sketching and prototyping as a communication tool, and of interaction modeling as a glue that binds together the sketches to allow designers to gain a more comprehensive view of and to reflection on the interactive artifact, thus promoting a more coherent and consistent set of design decisions.

Projects combining agile methods with CMMI combine adaptability with predictability to better serve large customer needs. The introduction of Scrum at Systematic, a CMMI level 5 company, doubled productivity and cut defects by 40% compared to waterfall projects in 2006 by focusing on early testing and time to fix builds. Systematic institutionalized Scrum across all projects and used data driven tools like story process efficiency to surface product backlog impediments. This allowed them to systematically develop a strategy for a second doubling in productivity. Two teams have achieved a sustainable quadrupling of productivity compared to waterfall projects. We discuss here the strategy to bring the entire company to that level. Our experiences shows that Scrum and CMMI together bring a more powerful combination of adaptability and predictability than either one alone and suggest how other companies can combine them to achieve Toyota level performance - 4 times the productivity and ...

Business Agility é a capacidade de uma empresa se adaptar rapidamente às mudanças do mercado, independentemente de as mudanças serem internas ou externas.

Se a organização puder navegar por essas mudanças de maneira produtiva e econômica, sem comprometer a qualidade, poderá atravessar qualquer tempestade competitiva.

Safety critical software requires integrating verification techniques in software development methods. Software architectures must guarantee that developed systems will meet safety requirements and safety analyses are frequently used in the assessment. Safety engineers and software architects must reach a common understanding on an optimal architecture from both perspectives. Currently both groups of engineers apply different modelling techniques and languages: safety analysis models and software modelling languages. The solutions proposed seek to integrate both domains coupling the languages of each domain. It constitutes a sound example of the use of language engineering to improve efficiency in a software-related domain. A model-driven development approach and the use of a platform-independent language are used to bridge the gap between safety analyses (failure mode effects and criticality analysis and fault tree analysis) and software development languages (e.g. unified modelling language). Language abstract syntaxes (metamodels), profiles, language mappings (model transformations) and language refinements, support the direct application of safety analysis to software architectures for the verification of safety requirements. Model consistency and the possibility of automation are found among the benefits.

In many industries, the key to success lies in the ability to attract and accomplish projects. In some domains, attracting and performing projects require that several partners work together. A typical example is in the construction sector. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) between a government agency and private-sector company can be used to finance, build, and operate projects, such as public transportation networks, parks, and convention centers.

This paper presents the case of the implementation of an agile project to a critical part of a PPP evaluation, how it is managed better by using the change methods in the APM, like envision and explore versus plan and do. It also details the initial project business case, how the project was planned in an agile mode and the environment of the organization, and detail the significant impediments envisioned on this phase and how it has been addressed utilizing APM ceremonies.

Software engineering has been striving for years to improve the practice of software development and maintenance. Documentation has long been prominent on the list of recommended practices to improve development and help maintenance. Recently however, agile methods started to shake this view, arguing that the goal of the game is to produce software and that documentation is only useful as long as it helps to reach this goal.

Agile software development methods have become increasingly popular since the late 1990s, and may offer improved outcomes for software development projects when compared to more traditional approaches. However there has previously been little published empirical evidence to either prove or disprove this assertion. A survey carried out in March 2006 gathered responses from a large number of software development professionals who were using many different methods, both traditional and agile. A statistical analysis of this data reveals that agile methods do indeed improve outcomes from software development projects in terms of quality, satisfaction, and productivity, without a significant increase in cost. However, adoption of methods appears to involve a high degree of adaptivity, with many methods being used in combination and sets of techniques being adopted on an ad hoc basis. In this context, our analysis suggests that choosing specific combinations of methods can be particularly beneficial. However, we also find that successful adoption of an agile method is to some extent dependent on rigorous integration of certain core techniques.

0 7 4 0 -7 4 5 9 / 0 5 / $ 2 0 . 0 0 © 2 0 0 5 I E E E M a y / J u n e 2 0 0 5 I E E E S O F T W A R E Research Methodology Official documents Recorded interviews Transcribed interviews Individual perceptions Qualitative analysis Conclusions Context Figure B. Research methodology overview. The qualitative analysis actually occurs in several steps before drawing conclusions from the overall process.

Before any of the current "agile" development methods, Earned Value Management provided information for planning and controlling complex projects by measuring how much "value" was produced for a given cost in a period of time. One shortcoming of an agile development method is its inability to forecast the future cost and schedule of the project beyond the use of "yesterdays weather" metrics. These agile methods assume the delivered value, "velocity" in the case of XP, is compared with the estimated value-this is a simple comparison between budget and actual cost resulting in a Cost Variance. No Schedule Variance process is directly available in XP. Earned Value Analysis provides a means of predicting future schedule and cost variances through three measurements-budgeted cost for work scheduled, actual cost for work performed, and budgeted cost for work performed (earned value). This paper describes the use of Earned Value in conjunction with Agile Development on a mission-critical, high-security, government project.

Lean Inception is a collaborative workshop that aims to align a group of people on the minimum viable product (MVP) to be built. She uses various collaborative authoring tools, such as Brainstorming and Design Thinking, with a Lean Startup approach.

Lean Inception is useful when the team needs to develop an MVP and iteratively and incrementally create a product. The main feature of an MVP is to do it to learn if it's worth continuing to build the product.

During Lean Inception, dynamic activities happen to define the desired functionality to be delivered gradually, building the MVPs. The main objective of the workshop is to make the team collectively discover and understand what will be developed. In the end, the team should be more closely matched and should get a clear view of the way forward. In addition, the Lean Inception workshop directs participants to understand and plan incremental product delivery.

W  artykule omówiono zastosowanie zwinnej metodyki scrum w  organizacji pracy w  samozarządzających się zespołach projektowych na
zajęciach uniwersyteckich. Przedstawiono w  nim przede wszystkim
założenia procesu uczenia się, charakter i skalę adaptacji metodyki do
potrzeb realizacji projektów społecznych we współpracy z interesariuszami zewnętrznymi uczelni oraz główne wyzwania związane z wdrożeniem nowego modelu pracy dla studentów I roku studiów. Do pracy
badawczej wykorzystano model AQAL (all quadrants, all levels) Kena
Wilbera. Integralne podejście do problematyki zastosowania agile
w obszarze edukacji wyższej pozwoliło na wyciągnięcie wielokontekstowych wniosków i  zaproponowanie rekomendacji dla akademików
chcących urozmaicić swój warsztat dydaktyczny, dla władz uczelni szukających nowatorskich rozwiązań w zakresie budowy sieci kontaktów
na linii nauka-biznes oraz dla przedsiębiorców planujących wdrożyć
zwinne metodyki rozwiązywania problemów i/lub samozarządzające
się modele organizacji pracy.

Słowa kluczowe: zwinne metodyki agile, scrum w edukacji, samozarządzające się zespoły, uczenie się bazujące na wartościach

Embedded system are revolving around us in every types of applications either as bigger component or also as sub components. Software and hardware are the mains components of the embedded system. Today embedded system are driven be software and hence it is necessary to understand the modelling of the embedded system based on their requirements. Analysis of requirements and managing the project is very challenging and tedious task. So handle the project and its requirements and interaction with the client a Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) helps to provide better model and execute system design project. In this paper an analysis of SDLC model of different methods had carried in comparison with Agile Methods (AM). Agile Method for software development is an evolutionary approach where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing, cross-functional teams within an effective governance framework to provide solutions in cost effective and timely manner which meets the changing needs of stakeholder. The main reason behind Agile development is to create a pain-free working environment for small self-organized teams to assist companies to take full advantage of the customer value of the delivered software product. AM focuses on coding rather than planning or documentation but in embedded systems often have extra documentation requirements due to need for optimized code. With the advent of the management and technology and Lean Agile Method had been developed to put better optimize process for embedded SDLC without any wastage of system manpower and resources. Agile Method has continuous measurements, planning & adjustments by management which is beneficial for embedded system development since it manages the feature set, staffing, projected delivery date and helps the project manager to determine when & where the performance optimizations are required. It also support better code refactoring which helps in optimizations. On other side agile methods increase potential threats to business continuity due to lack of emphasis on necessary designing and documentation and there is need to improve the AM to overcome these threats.

... But then we lack the experience of Gary Chin who, in this book, makes a good case for the "agile" approach in certain ... is to achieve the business objectives • The multiple, separate, and often conflicting objectives of the matrix organization don't exist • The silo mentality that so ...

Project methodologies have grown with time when there is a need for a project if satisfying that model will have lasted. There are multiple SDLC Models available but no one fits perfectly, as all of them have some drawbacks. Considering a larger organization, where daily productivity, hours of work done, no of resources used, and progress made in the project are monitored on a day to day basis. Picking up the correct SDLC model for the project is very crucial because when the work gets started, there is no way to alter it back. The Agile methodology does it all, it provides matrices, reports, progress, and the backlogs. Everything is being monitored very closely, throughout the development and testing of the product. This paper addresses the problem which is encountered during the testing of an application when a failed test case or defect is added to product backlog since no more fixes can be made to it.

With the increasing popularity of Agile Methods, many software organisations are moving away from traditional methods to adopt Agile development methodologies. Instead of being predictive, Agile is rather adaptive and people-focussed. It advocates a small and collaborative team that work closely together. But team size is a factor that is in turn constrained by people factors. When implementing Agile, these key factors are often overlooked. This study aims at identifying the underlying people factors to consider when adopting Agile for a team to be effective. The method used is the study of three different sized Agile teams developing products based on the same technologies and using Scrum. Both objective and subjective measures were used and the results are supported by a survey. The results clearly show that for agile methodologies to work well, it is crucial to select the right people for the right team.

Requirements are descriptions of the services that a software system must provide and the constraints under which it must operate Requirements can range from high-level abstract statements of services or system constraints to detailed mathematical functional specifications Requirements Engineering is the process of establishing the services that the customer requires from the system and the constraints under which it is to be developed and operated

E-commerce nowadays has expanded in the past years, and it is substituting the traditional brick and mortar stores. And most of the brands now have their own web or mobile application so the users can shop online, it is easier and faster. Building an e-commerce application is like any other software it goes through phases in the SDLC. This paper is going to be a guide to adapt the Agile mythology in the development of the mobile e-commerce application.

W publikacji opisano założenia nowego modelu organizacyjnego
Turkusowej Organizacji. Model ten uwidacznia wiele przełomowych zmian w podejściu
do procesu zarządzania oraz charakteru relacji pracodawca – pracownik.
Organizacje przechodzą od tradycyjnych celów funkcjonowania, takich jak przetrwanie,
zysk, rozwój, do bardziej szlachetnych. W Turkusowej Organizacji hierarchię
zarządzania zastąpiono samozarządzającą się strukturą holarchiczną, co staje
się receptą na poprawę wydajności pracy i pobudzenie kreatywności pracowników.
Dzięki upełnomocnieniu mogą oni doświadczyć szczególnego rodzaju sprawczości
i chętnie angażują się w wypełnianie wybranej przez siebie roli. W pracy
poruszone zostały m.in. kwestie związane z ewolucją modeli organizacyjnych
i charakterem „turkusowego” stosunku pracy. Ilustracją do tych analiz jest studium
przypadku próby wprowadzenia elementów nowego modelu organizacyjnego
w struktury, procesy i praktyki Działu HR Bonduelle Polska SA.
Klasyfikacja JEL: M51, M53, M54.
Słowa kluczowe: turkusowa organizacja, zwinna organizacja, Federic Laloux.
Key words: teal organization, agile organization, Federic Laloux.

This article describes the assumptions of a new organizational model –
the Teal Organization – presented by Federic Laloux. The model reveals many,
crucial changes introduced in the frame of a new approach to the management
process and to the employer-employee relationship. Organizations transcend traditional
goals, such as survival, profit, and development, to more noble aims. The
Tale Organization replaces a hierarchy of management with a self-managed holarchic
structure, which becomes a receipt for a productivity improvement and creativity stimulation. Through empowerment, the employees can experience a special
kind of causativeness that acts as an incentive to fuller engagement in serving
a role they chose.
The paper also examines the issues concerning the evolution of the organizational
models and the character of a tale employment relationship. An illustration
of this analysis is the case study of the Human Resources department of Bonduelle
Polska, which presents a trial of an implementation of some tale solutions to its
structures, processes and practices.

0 7 4 0 -7 4 5 9 / 0 4 / $ 2 0 . 0 0 © 2 0 0 4 I E E E efficiency, and greater customer satisfaction. In pair programming, a key ingredient in agile projects' success, pairs of programmers working together handle all development taskseach pair sharing one terminal, keyboard, and mouse. Researchers have since reported that pair programmers produce higher-quality code than do developers working alone. This finding is intuitively appealing; you'd expect collaborators who continuously review each other's work to find better design and construction solutions than one programmer working alone. More surprising is their finding that pair programmers produce code with little or no significant productivity loss. This research contrasts starkly with our field study findings. We decided to reexamine our earlier productivity data from teams of two and ask: Would our previous findings of concurrent-work productivity loss be reversed if we look only at programming pairs rather than teams of all sizes? If so, we could conclude that pairs are naturally more productive than larger teams, regardless of the collaborative process. If not, we could conclude that the collaboration mechanisms prescribed in pair programming might overcome a natural loss of productivity from concurrent work. We offer these findings and their implications as a benchmark against which we might measure the potential of pair programming practices. feature A Field Study of Developer Pairs: Productivity Impacts and Implications I n a previous industrial field study, we examined programmer productivity as team size varies. We showed that regardless of size or experience, the more time team members spend concurrently working on the same code modules, the less productive they are. 1,2 In other words, teams are more productive when their members work independently.

Based on 13 agile transformation cases over 15 years, this article identifies nine challenges associated with implementing SAFe, Scrum-at-Scale, Spotify, LeSS, Nexus, and other mixed or customised large-scale agile frameworks. These challenges should be considered by organizations aspiring to pursue a large-scale agile strategy. This article also provides recommendations for practitioners and agile researchers.

Continuous delivery (CD) has emerged as an auspicious alternative to traditional release engineering, promising to provide the capability to release valuable software continuously to customers. Paddy Power has been implementing CD for the past two years. This article explains why Paddy Power decided to adopt CD, describes the resulting CD capability, and reports the huge benefits and challenges involved. These experiences can provide fellow practitioners with insights for their adoption of CD, and the identified challenges can provide researchers valuable input for developing their research agendas.

Scholars have viewed Agile Project Management APM as a prominent solution for software and nonsoftware innovative institutions to cope with its unstable environment. APM has been tested in the software field and proven to be successful. Since 2015, there is ongoing war in Yemen that negatively affects most sectors including the business and microfinance sectors. Social Fund for Development SFD, the microfinance industry leader in Yemen, sought solutions for enhancing the Microfinance Institutions MFIs capabilities during the current environment turbulence. This research investigates any possible advantages in adopting APM in the microfinance sector, out of software domain. A qualitative method was used to conduct the research. three microfinance pioneers were selected and 11 professionals from all management levels were interviewed. In addition, three workshop discussions with 22 members of product development teams were held. The study found that adopting APM would help these MFIs to enhance their resilience by bridging the identified gaps and challenges.

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