Afghan diaspora

Damage inflicted on one's psyche is the prime root of the challenging development of the distinct personality of an individual in a particular stage of life. Identities are not fixed as we assume them to be; nevertheless, are instead vigorously constructed by the social contexts. This flexibility is part of our identity. We are many things in different situations. Our identity is in flux and is a function of features such as where we have come from, age, gender, parents, race, and socioeconomic background. Hosseini's characters have trouble integrating their memories, sense of identities, and aspects of consciousness into a unified whole at a psychological level. Not having a strong sense of self or struggling with identity issues may lead to depression, anxiety, psychological and physical health problems. Identity problems in adulthood often result from childhood trauma. Seemingly, characters in Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner are obsessed with a specific time in their lives, their childhood, and the memories of the troubled past have led them to determine the fate of their present identities. The findings from this research show how losses and resulting trauma of the childhood period can have lingering effects on the individual adult identity and can destabilize their social and private lives. The Kite Runner a novel containing sociological and psychological issues, is a story of the improbable friendship of a prosperous boy and the son of his father's servant, set in Afghanistan during civil-war. The story describes how the social barrier between Pashtuns and Hazaras in Afghanistan society makes a coward and inferior boy such as Amir, the main character, undergo countless struggles.

To what degree is ethnic conflict within Diaspora intensified by the policy formation in their homeland? On the roll of Diaspora on policy formation in their homeland, a lot of researches have been done. Being a member of a cultural minority in the Netherlands I noticed that the Afghan Diaspora in the European Union is not only affecting policy formation in Afghanistan, but that also the policies formed and executed by the Afghan government, has a great impact on ethnic conflict within the Afghan Diaspora in Europe and probably else where.

The universal concern of domestic violence against women in its various manifestations came to the center of scholarly attention due to its harmful effects and consequences on the lives of thousands of women worldwide. This umbrella term that refers to any form of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse against women is the result of gender-based power imbalance and sexist inequalities in societies where patriarchal norms hold sway. However, the enormity and severity of the problem is more profound in third-world countries where governing policies are determined by traditional and religious doctrines. Afghanistan is one such third-world country where woman's oppression and abuse originate from the reigning religious principles that dominate its culture, society and politics. Nevertheless, there is a recent trend among literary figures of the Afghan Diaspora in highlighting the plight of Afghan women in Afghanistan through the medium of fiction. This paper therefore intends to investigate the manifestations of domestic violence against women in the Afghan context through a reading of Atiq Rahim's novella, A Thousand Rooms of Dream and Fear (2007). Rahimi's novella narrates the story of a male protagonist named Farhad and simultaneously highlights the miserable living conditions of the Afghan people, particularly the lives of Afghan women during the turbulent period of the Soviet Invasion as well as the many internal political upheavals that followed soon after. Using feminist literary criticism, the present paper shall discuss the depictions of three prominent forms of domestic violence against women as experienced by the female characters in the novella, namely physical, sexual and psychological violence that have shaped them into oppressed, silenced and traumatized individuals.

This chapter argues that understanding the importance of diaspora for the contemporary period demands a practice of reading across diverse methodological approaches made across different descriptive genres, and requires a recognition of the limits of theory in depicting this phenomenon which tends, by its very nature, to defy strictly classificatory or historical approaches. The articulation of diaspora in the contemporary time, this chapter suggests, is most helpful and significant when it is able to acknowledge a particular uncertainty in the practice of history-making, as well as in the practice of categorising migratory movements into ‘types’. This uncertainty, while not unique to the contemporary time, is nevertheless accelerated in this period, and demands a set of articulatory tools which are more adaptable than ever, more open to the conditional, provisional nature of disciplinary or classificatory endeavours in the contemporary historical exercise. At the heart of this examination of diaspora is an intention to retain the difficulty which is inherent, I suggest, to identifying either place, people, or historical moment according to distinctive criteria; this practice of naming diaspora seeks instead after stories which emphasise inconclusive and often simultaneous timelines, and narratives of place which defy any sense of it as stable, unitary, or known. By putting into practice a willingness to read the ways that diaspora experience is articulated in fictional settings, the intangible qualities of diaspora experience begin to be articulated, in ways which can fruitfully combine with more conventional understandings of migratory movements, to gesture toward some of the most fragile and unnameable qualities of diaspora in current and recent experience.