Affordable Housing

el modelo habitacional utilizado en España y México, está resolviendo una demanda parcial (a la población con capacidad de compra), y ha sesgado el acceso a la población más desfavorecida socioeconómicamente. Por otro lado, el distanciamiento entre los salarios y costes de la vivienda cada vez son mayores, los cuales, están generando que un alto porcentaje de la población no estén logrando hacer frente a los costes de su vivienda de forma asequible. Ocasionando que los hogares tengan un sobrendeudamiento económico y en consecuencia limitarse en otros gastos básicos como la salud, educación, alimentación y ocio.
La investigación se enmarca en la ciudad de Guadalajara, México, en el cual, a partir de la similitud cultural, demográfica y habitacional, se propone analizar las estrategias e instrumentos de gestión que actualmente se están utilizando en Barcelona para el aumento del parque habitacional asequible. En donde a partir de la voluntad política, capacidad técnica y vinculación social, han logrado avances importantes en la implementación y ejecución de los objetivos marcados en el Plan para el Derecho a la Vivienda 2015-2016 (PDVB). Dicho Plan reúne las principales herramientas de gestión utilizadas en otros países de la Unión Europea, logrando contextualizarlos e implementarlos en el contexto catalán.
El presente estudio parte del objetivo de cuantificar el déficit de vivienda asequible e identificar la brecha de población excluida sin acceso a la vivienda en el actual contexto de Guadalajara, con la intención de comprobar la primer hipótesis planteada en la investigación, sobre: Los programas y apoyos de vivienda propuestos por el gobierno Federal, Estatal y Municipal en México, no están siendo suficientes para garantizar a la población de menores ingresos el acceso a la vivienda de forma asequible.
Por tal motivo fue necesario analizar el mercado inmobiliario, la inversión pública destinada a soluciones habitacionales y la situación socioeconómica de la población de Guadalajara. Obteniendo como resultado que la inversión pública en vivienda, no está logrando apoyar a los colectivos socioeconómicamente más vulnerables, siendo que, solo el 13,4% del presupuesto se destina para la construcción y adquisición de vivienda de tipo Popular o Económica. Sin embargo, dichas tipologías por sus costes son las diseñadas para satisfacer la demanda del 51,7% de la población del municipio. Además por la disociación entre los precios de la vivienda y los salarios, el 21,5% y 31,6% de los habitantes de Guadalajara, no pueden adquirir una vivienda de forma asequible en menos de 20 años. Aunado a que el 65% de la población tapatía, no pueden hacer frente a los costes del alquiler con precios de mercado formal destinando solo el 30% de sus ingresos.
A partir de dicho panorama, nace la segunda hipótesis: El desarrollo de una nueva política de vivienda en alquiler asequible en México, podría fundamentarse en modelos e instrumentos de gestión utilizados en la Unión Europea. Éstos, siendo adaptados a la idiosincrasia, economía y legislatura del país, serán una alternativa factible para complementar las políticas habitacionales actuales. Teniendo como objetivo estudiar los principios y las bases de articulación de los instrumentos de gestión propuestos por el PDVB para aumentar el parque de vivienda asequible, con la intención de lograr identificar cuáles podrían ser factibles para la implementación dentro del contexto mexicano. Obteniendo una serie de oportunidades y retos para la implementación de dichos instrumentos de gestión en Guadalajara, siendo que varios de ellos ya han sido utilizados en otras épocas. Sin embargo, mientras no se cambie el enfoque mercantilista de la política habitacional en México, no se podrá avanzar con el impacto necesario, en la creación de un parque habitacional asequible que contribuya a generar una sociedad más equitativa y justa.

Se analiza la capacidad institucional del Ayuntamiento de Guadalajara, México, respecto a la implementación de la política de vivienda a través de su Instituto Municipal de la Vivienda (IMUVIG). En primer lugar, para poder definir las capacidades institucionales se revisó la literatura, encontrando que su análisis es complejo porque quienes las han definido o medido, no han llegado a un consenso y, en general, se enfocan a aspectos ajenos a las instituciones. Es por ello que se propone un análisis centrado en el neo institucionalismo, a través del enfoque de la lógica institucional. Para su medición se compararon documentos orgánicos y programáticos desde dicho enfoque, encontrándose que la lógica institucional que persigue la organización es de corte estado centrista, mientras que en lo programático es mercantilista. Esta contradicción nos llevó a concluir que la contradicción en la lógica institucional del IMUVIG, provoca que este carezca de capacidad institucional para implementar la política de vivienda, aun poseyendo capacidades técnicas, políticas y administrativas suficientes.

Broadly understood as a housing form that combines individual dwellings with substantial common facilities and activities aimed at everyday living, Danish cohousing communities (bofællesskaber) are often seen as pioneering and comparatively successful. Yet, in spite of frequently being mentioned or addressed as case studies in the growing literature on cohousing and, more generally, alternative forms of housing, Danish cohousing experiences have not been systematically analysed since the 1980s. Emphasizing broader trends and evolving societal contexts, this article investigates the development of Danish cohousing over the past five decades. Through this historical analysis, the article also draws attention to the largely neglected issue of tenure structures in the evolution of cohousing. The multifaceted phenomenon of cohous-ing cannot and should not be reduced to issues of tenure. But if cohousing is to spread and contribute affordable alternatives to mainstream housing, tenure structures should be a key concern.

The underlying factors of housing research emanate from the fact that people's lives and well-being rely on the quality of the house and the surroundings where it is situated. Housing satisfaction goes beyond brick and mortar and aesthetics. It examines housing attributes that are not already visible to the eyes that could influence the occupants' satisfaction with such buildings. This study investigated user's satisfaction with private housing estates using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research is imperative because most studies in Nigeria focused mainly on government-owned or social housing satisfaction. While private housing estates have received little attention over the years. 280 questionnaires were randomly distributed to the building occupants within the estates under consideration based on their level of availability during the 13 weeks surveyed periods. From the survey, the top-ranked factors that influence user satisfaction were utility adequacy...

The purpose of this chapter is to delve into housing rights as expressed in national constitutions. We report on all 189 constitutions of UN member states, describing and evaluating them in terms of what they say about the right to housing. As a benchmark for evaluation, we turn to the UN’s main interpretation on adequate housing, known as comment No. 4 to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights [ICESCR] of 1966 (UN General Assembly). This document stipulates seven criteria of adequate housing. <br><br>The chapter opens with current knowledge about the comparative right to housing, followed by our own contribution. We then expand on each of the seven criteria of adequate housing: legal security of tenure, availability of services and infrastructure, affordability, habitability, accessibility, location, and cultural adequacy. These criteria serve as our benchmarks for evaluating the constitutional right to housing (CRtH) in the wording of all th...

Public consultation and engagement on housing development and neighbourhood change can be so controversial and at times alarmist such that NIMBY (“Not in my back yard”) and even the more extreme BANANA (“Build absolutely nothing anywhere near anyone”) attitudes often prevail. Public engagement as currently conceived and practiced by most governments is faced with high expectations but low satisfaction among many involved. This article reports the findings from a group-based role-playing experiment in Canada involving local residents discussing and evaluating a hypothetical proposal for a new housing development for currently homeless individuals. The results find that those who were randomly assigned a role to play with attitudes different from their own were more likely to report higher satisfaction with the group discussion and recommendation than those who were not assigned a role different from their own identity and attitudes. The study finds no relationship between role-playing and the self-reported sense of one’s influence on the process or how much they learned about the issues. The findings point to new frontiers of public engagement that involve playful role-playing or other “games” as a means to create space for mutual understanding and tolerance for decisions among citizens in these fraught debates.

Praktik pembangunan permukiman dengan melibatkan komunitas yang berhasil di satu lokasi tidak selalu berhasil juga di lokasi yang lain. Sebaliknya, praktik pembangunan permukiman yang kurang berhasil di satu lokasi, dalam beberapa kasus justru cukup berhasil diterapkan di lokasi yang lain. Praktik yang berhasil akan menjadi pelajaran untuk dicoba diterapkan di tempat lain dengan beberapa penyesuaian.

Tsunami Samudera Hindia pada 26 Desember 2004 dan Gempa besar di Nias pada 28 Maret 2005 telah menggerakkan ratusan organisasi pemerintah dan nonpemerintah untuk membantu pemulihan dan pembangunan kembali permukiman. UN-HABITAT, United Nations Human Settlements Programme, bekerjasama dengan UNDP dan ADB melaksanakan program pemulihan permukiman, yang meliputi pemetaan lahan, penyediaan dukungan esensial yang berkenaan dengan kegiatan tersebut. Sebanyak 250 orang anggota tim UN-HABITAT di Aceh dan Nias bekerja di 26 desa dan dengan 6,000 keluarga yang membutuhkan rumah baru. Lembaga ini juga memberikan dukungan kebijakan, monitoring dan evaluasi untuk pemerintah, pemerintah daerah dan organisasi-organisasi yang bergerak di bidang perumahan

UN-HABITAT memobilisasi masyarakat dan menjadikan masyarakat sebagai pemilik dari proses pembangunan kembali di Aceh dan Nias, ikut di dalam perencanaan aksi masyarakat dan kontrak masyarakat adalah kegiatan proses yang dilakukan di dalam tahap awal pemulihan. Hal ini juga meliputi mobilisasi masyarakat, mengorganisasi mereka dalam kepanitiaan masyarakat yang juga terlibat di dalam mengambil keputusan pengelolaan tanah dan perencanaan, serta juga menyepakati proses dalam kegiatan penyediaan barang dan aktivitas kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh kelompok-kelompok keluarga.

Akhir 2007 dan 2008, staf UN-HABITAT bekerja dengan seluruh pemerintah di propinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam untuk berbagi pengetahuan yang juga terekam dalam 5 film training dan 6 buku panduan. Material ini dikembangkan dan diuji bersama pemerintah daerah dan juga Forum Pemulihan Kecamatan. Akumulasi pengalaman tim di dalam arus utama dan berbagi pengetahuan dan pembelajaran termasuk dalam seri panduan ini.

I am grateful to Stephen Berrisford, who provided extremely illuminating comments. Divesh Kaul, SJD candidate at Tulane, provided invaluable research help in the preparation of this article. I am grateful to the Center for the Comparative Study of Metropolitan Growth for the opportunity to join Study Space IX. This article was written while on sabbatical from Tulane University and the holder of the Universidad de Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M)-Santander Cátedra de Excelencia in Madrid, Spain. I am deeply grateful to UC3M and to its Instituto Pascual Madoz del Territorio, Urbanismo y Medio Ambiente for the opportunity.

The literature speaks to the importance of employment in the lives of homeless individuals and shows how they can be assisted in job seeking (Long & Amendolia, 2003; Marrone, 2005; Quimby, Drake, & Becker, 2001; Rio, Russell, Dudasik, & Gravino, 1999; Rog & Holupka, 1998; Shaheen, Williams, & Dennis, 2003; Trutko, Barnow, Beck, Min, & Isbell, 1998). Some reports suggest it may be effective and worthwhile to offer employment at the earliest stages of engagement to help people who are homeless develop trust, motivation, and hope (Cook et al., 2001; Min, Wong, & Rothbard, 2004). Practitioners have historically focused on providing people with access to safe and affordable housing and supportive services, usually addressing employment later in the continuum. This practice-oriented report from the field proposes that employment should be offered as early as possible and maintains that facilitating employment is an unrecognized and underutilized practice for preventing and ending homelessness. The paper provides principles, practices, and strategies programs can use to make work a priority.

Housing units within small and medium multi-family (SMMF) properties, defined as buildings with 2 to 49 units, comprise over 20% of the U.S. housing stock and are located primarily within the central cities or suburbs of metropolitan areas. However, this category of properties has sometimes been overlooked both in the media as well as in research, which have focused instead on the single-family and large multi-family (over 50 units) categories. Amalgamating the American Community Survey, American Housing Survey, and DataQuick databases, this study situates this segment of the U.S. housing stock in context by looking at cross-category comparisons and change over time. We map the geographic distribution of SMMF properties, describe their characteristics, and evaluate the degree to which they contribute to affordability within their specific market areas. Our data sets allow a rich examination of the variations both within the SMMF category and in comparison to the singlefamily and large multi-family property categories. The resulting analyses allow us to draw policy-relevant conclusions about this large segment of the housing stock and its importance in shaping housing supply and affordability at a national and regional level.

Manufactured Insecurity by Esther Sullivan is a gripping account of a predatory formation at the heart of the most popular form of private-market low-income housing in the United States: the mobile home park. The book reveals, through the combination of ethnographic exploration and theoretical analysis, the systematic evictions and dis-possessions that became the lived reality for millions of American mobile home residents and their correspondingly tenuous rights to a protected place and secured housing. By shifting between the daily spaces and difficult realities of residents in these parks during their expected and actual liquidation, and the variety of actors, powers, and structures that prosper from these realities, Sullivan powerfully exposes how precariousness and profit are two sides of the same coin of this housing formation while revealing its dreadful meaning to its inhabitants and communities. About 18 million low-income residents live in mobile home parks in the United States. With affordable housing diminishing, the mobile home parks have become the main way in which America accommodates its poor, and the expanding class of American working poor is the actual business model on which these residential parks are built upon. In these parks, residents are often both tenants and homeowners, with divided property rights that produce their precarious form of housing tenure. While notably 80% of residents own their mobile homes, only 14% also own the land on which their homes are placed. As such, residents in these parks are often only "halfway home-owners"; their households are placed on rented lots of land which are privately owned by others in a form defined as "divided asset ownership." This exposes residents to the vulnerability of renting a plot in a park that could be offered for sale and redevelopment at any stage, and from which they may be evicted, destabilizing their lives and abruptly destroying their slowly developed complex ecosystems of homes and communities. With a clear and thoughtfully composed analysis, Sullivan shows how the hardship of frequent expulsions inflicted on America's poor is not coincidental but the consequence of a sophisticated industry, which thrives and capitalizes on the needs of a deprived and captive population. Rather than being accidental, the reality of closing mobile home parks and the related expulsions of residents is the result of a complex and obscure system of technical, financial, market, and legal methods facilitated by a changing mix of national, state, municipal, and local actors and regulations, and by socio-spatial processes of segregation and stigmatization. More broadly, this reality of built-in precariousness is based on a neoliberal approach to urban planning and policy, which enables people to legally settle on a rented plot of land with their own home, while at the same time producing them as easily displaceable for the benefit of landowners and the urban planning agenda. This way, while land at the outskirts of cities is settled temporarily by rent-paying low-income residents who must also take care of their own homes, thus extracting maximum benefit for the land owners, this land could be easily cleared and redeveloped when the city grows and its value increases. This method is not only keenly adopted by local and national land markets but also by municipalities and urban planners for which, as noted by Sullivan, ‘almost any other land use is more spatially desirable than a mobile home park’ (p.65).

Berlin’s housing market has been undergoing rapid and drastic changes
in recent years. With a population increase of over 700.000 citizens
over the last decade and an increase of rent prices by over 50% in
the course of that timespan, the competition for obtaining a housing
contract has risen immensely. This thesis documents the implementation of a system which allows the collection and analysis of Berlin housing data and provides a web application in which users can explore Berlins rental landscape, through an interactive and informative experience, as well as intuitive and understandable data visualization for users of all data literacy levels.

A good active citizen is an informed and organised citizen. If a community or group of citizens is not organised, it is far harder for that community to achieve the goal it has set itself. Having a community with at least some basic level of organisation is the base upon which development occurs. This learning brief aims to unpack the concept of ‘basic organising’ and calls on Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and others to put more emphasis on promoting basic organising as an important component of development.

Housing has always been about privilege and scarce resources, since it has exchange as well as use value. One of those scarcities is the locational advantage of access to home, work and other amenities. Sydney's transport and housing has been through several distinct phases: first focused on privileged access to scarce transport routes, then on a relatively egalitarian tram network, followed by the model of car-based suburbia which became increasingly unworkable and inegalitarian. The article identifies an emerging model where decent public transport itself becomes a bankable asset with speculative exchange value. This article briefly describes the earlier stages before exploring the new model, which is only now becoming clear from New South Wales government decisions about metro and light rail transport routes, from Rouse Hill to Bankstown and Parramatta to Strathfield.

This research project investigates the translation of innovative financial and spatial housing typologies form Berlin to the Belfast/ NI context in response to the post-economic downturn landscape of housing provision and tenure in Northern Ireland. DSD, NIHE, Chartered Institute of Housing funded 2013.

Starpkaru periodā sabiedriskajā diskusiju telpā plaši tika lietots jēdziens “dzīvokļu krīze”, lai aktualizētu pieejamas dzīvojamās platības trūkumu vairākās Latvijas pilsētās. Raksta mērķis ir analizēt pieejamas dzīvojamās platības trūkumu kā sociālu problēmu Rīgā, aplūkojot šīs problēmas cēloņus, izpausmes un sekas. Izpētes rezultātā secināts, ka starpkaru perioda dzīvokļu krīzes pamatā ir smaga sociāla problēma, kas aizsākusies jau 19./20. gadsimta mijā. Starpkaru periodā šī problēma tā arī netika atrisināta. Primāri dzīvokļu krīze bija saistīta ar pārapdzīvotiem dzīvokļiem, bet īpaši kritisku to padarīja zemais labiekārtojuma līmenis daudzos dzīvokļos un bieži vien apdzīvotībai nepiemērotās telpas.

During the interwar period, the term “Housing crisis” became widespread in public discourse. The term was used to draw attention to the lack of affordable housing in many Latvian cities and towns. The aim of this article is to analyse the lack of affordable housing as a social problem in Riga, providing an overview of its causes, characteristics, and effects. The research concludes that the “Housing crisis” in the interwar period has been the continuation of a severe social problem dating back to the Fin de siècle period Riga. This problem was not resolved during the interwar period and continued well into the occupation period. The social problem was mostly associated with overcrowded living space, although the most critical cases were confined to poorly equipped apartments and inappropriate living quarters.

Shifts in international investment markets, in Australia’s demographic profile and in residential consumer sentiment have recently combined to enhance the prospects for the emergence of a ‘mainstream market’ Build-to-Rent (BtR) sector in this country. This refers to the purpose-built apartment blocks designed for use as rental housing and intended to be held long-term in single ownership as revenue-generating assets. Our report is first in-depth independent study of BtR in Australia, and among the first that has focused specifically on this residential product in any national setting.

Based on a large body of industry, government and not-for-profit housing stakeholder interviews, the report investigates the interpretation of the BtR concept in Australia and the way this might unfold. Drawing on case study evidence from four case study BtR-type projects, the report goes on to calibrate the financial feasibility of various possible BtR archetypes in the Australian urban setting. As part of this, it quantifies the feasibility challenges associated with a range of Federal and state/territory government tax settings and assesses the case for their modification.

In the context of the contribution that a growing BtR sector could make to certain important public policy objectives, the report concludes that Australian governments should be doing more to enable such developments.

In this essay I want to figure out in which ways the Squat Group Kinderen van Mokum fit into what we know about contemporary problems in Amsterdam, especially concerning the youth. In analysing literature and comparing that to the characteristics of the activist group, I want to know in what way the activism of Kinderen van Mokum is a response to the problems that young people face in Amsterdam.

There has been wide acknowledgement of the relationship between inadequate housing and poor health; however, temporary housing has largely escaped attention. This paper takes a socio-spatial perspective of camping ground residence, reflecting on competing narratives of the meaning of these places. The temporary nature of this housing leaves residents vulnerable to eviction and inadequate housing standards, and particularly at-risk of further homelessness. Legislation, regulation and public discourse undermine camping ground residence as a legitimate housing option. This paper examines camping grounds as sites of politics of place, where many camping ground residents live in a politically and socially unsecured space. The conception of camping grounds as housing is a complex and contested issue, regardless of any economic and social functions that camping grounds fulfil. This research is an example of the consequences of social exclusion in housing, and findings reinforce the need to take into account socio-spatial structuring of housing within policy settings.

This paper is an attempt to assess the impacts of off-site and on-site resettlement projects in Indore by comparing slum dwellers lives before and after the implementation of the projects, complimenting and corroborating a sister paper based on fieldwork in Ahmedabad (Patel, Sliuzas, Mathur, & Miscione, fortcoming). The impact analysis is based on the indicators of impoverishment risks due to displacement and resettlement formulated by Cernea (2000a) in his Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction (IRR) model. The findings indicates the presence of the following forms of impoverishment which Cernea proposed for the displacees: significant loss in household assets, increased joblessness or unemployment, loss of access to common services, increased health risks, marginalisation and social disarticulation, all of which have compounded their vulnerability and chances of falling deeper into poverty. The paper also argues that compared to off-site and on-site resettlement displacees were l...

This paper aims to contribute to the debate in comparative housing studies about the significance of national housing policies by considering what can be learnt from analysing the consequences of different policy paths. In particular, the paper looks at the evidence of the long-run impacts of different housing strategies adopted to assist lower-income households in Australia and the Netherlands, using housing affordability as a measure of their impact. Australia is an example of a country that has promoted mass home ownership across the income distribution supplemented by a very small public housing system. In contrast, the Netherlands has relied more on a large and diversified social housing sector. The comparative analysis shows that there are many similarities in the patterns of affordability among low-income households in the two countries despite the use of different policy means. In the past, both countries had good success providing secure and affordable housing for poorer households. Now, lower-income households are experiencing greater affordability problems that are linked to societal changes and the retrenchment of government housing assistance in both cases. However, the study also finds that affordability problems among lower-income households are worse in Australia because of the greater reliance on private housing in that country.

Governments in developing countries are often preoccupied with looking for ways to house the urban poor, whether by themselves, or in collaboration with the private sector. The strong focus on lowering costs to ensure affordability often means that quality concerns for the product are compromised. To an extent the relaxation of building standards and flexibility of operations has been a welcome move and has allowed governments and the industry to better tackle the housing crisis. However, the connection between affordability and appropriateness remains crucial. Housing has many meanings and performs many functions in society. It is a cultural product and needs to be seen and understood in its cultural context before effective policies for housing provision can be established. Balinese culture has strong architectural traditions that have been extensively studied and recorded. Faced with the issue of housing its urban poor, the government promotes various schemes to ensure the provision of a sufficient supply of housing units. The housing produced, however, may not be culturally appropriate or acceptable, so there is a danger of stifling this expression of Balinese culture. An increase in affordable housing provision for the urban poor in Bali, Indonesia, has not assured the delivery of a better quality housing supply, nor culturally acceptable dwellings for people. Most housing projects focus on the physical value of housing as a comfortable shelter, but overlook the need for socio cultural appropriateness. Hence, low-quality affordable housing provision is often unsuitable for dwellers because of developer constraints, the lack of power of dwellers to direct or participate in the inception or delivery of the projects, and the consequent neglect of cultural values. This research investigates three significant factors related to affordable housing provision projects in Bali: (1) demand side-the quality and cultural appropriateness of affordable housing provision; (2) supply side-the critical constraints faced by developers in providing culturally appropriate housing; (3) end user involvement-the perception and involvement of dwellers in the process, and adaptation measures undertaken to increase the socio-cultural adequacy of the end product. To study these factors, various types of affordable housing projects in Sarbagita Metropolitan Bali have been examined, including formal and informal housing provision projects. Primary data was collected through visual observation of 20 project sitese.g. Bukit Sanggulan, Dalung Permai, Monang-maning, etc, survey questionnaires covering 166 households, interviews, and focus group discussions with 25 representative's developers and 4 representatives local government. Secondary data was gathered from published and official data, archives, statistics, laws and regulations and other reports or documentation from representative agencies. Data collected was then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively as the basis for findings, discussion and conclusions.

This article analyses the contribution of housing squats and Housing Rights Movements (HRMs) in Rome in envisioning a new model of public estates that could respond to the surge and complexification of the post-2008 housing crisis. The first part of the article fleshes out the theoretical and methodological framework for investigating the peculiarities of housing squats in comparison to other forms of housing informality and urban squatting. In the second part, it analyses the development and composition of housing struggles since the post-Second World War. It then details the new demographics of the housing crisis in Rome to provide a framework for the innovation in the HRMs' confrontational politics and demands towards a more comprehensive notion of the 'right to the city'. Their emphasis upon the role of city developers and real estate agents, and the opposition towards the exclusionary nature of contemporary social welfare, have in fact redirected squatting actions towards different urban vacancies that are repurposed for habitation. I conclude by suggesting that these practices prefigure a new model of public housing estates that is economically, environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive, whereby it pivots around use value and commoning.

La questione della casa accessibile si pone a Milano e in Italia come un tema strategico a cui si legano una serie di componenti urbane complesse. Dalla questione dell’autonomia abitativa dei giovani a quella della mobilità geografica e lavorativa; dall’impoverimento del ceto medio all’emergenza abitativa per alcune categorie di fragilità e vulnerabilità sociale; dalle nuove dinamiche di ri-organizzazione in nuclei abitativi, ai modi di abitare delle popolazioni immigrate. La questione dell’affitto rimanda anche ai temi del riuso e alla necessità di progetti che forniscano risposta di casa senza consumare ulteriore suolo.
Ricostruendo criticamente il quadro degli interventi, delle politiche e degli attori per l’affitto a Milano, tra sperimentazioni progettuali, emersione di nuovi soggetti e ridefinizione di risposte tradizionali, il libro mira a rilanciare il dibattito su un tema che appare oggi marginale nell’agenda politica nazionale e spesso poco considerato anche all’interno delle stesse discipline che si occupano degli spazi della città.
Attraverso alcune letture sulla città di Milano – i grandi proprietari di patrimoni in locazione, le esperienze e i progetti milanesi di social housing, le politiche pubbliche locali sul mercato privato, gli strumenti urbanistici per l’alloggio in locazione, le esperienze e le strategie informali di risposta all’emergenza abitativa -  l’obiettivo è quello di ricostruire una visione complessa e multiprospettica del tema.

It has been shown that the German housing market, instead of not being financialized, has followed a different trajectory that has led to the current phase of financialization, characterized by the booming housing market (especially in the main urban areas) and the recent entrance in the market of private investors. This literature review shows that, while most of the studies available so far focus on specific cities, companies or practices (such as the acquisition of public housing stocks), a comprehensive analysis of the major private investor typology (listed real estate companies), their investment strategies and their effects is missing.

The book highlights important urban development issues in Punjab such as urbanisation, slums, housing, poverty, urban governance, development, infrastructure/ services etc and suggests major reforms to improve quality of life in urban areas.

As housing costs have risen in the U.S. and federal subsidies for affordable housing programs have declined, inclusionary zoning (IZ) has become an increasingly popular local policy for producing low-income housing without direct public subsidy. The structure of IZ policies can vary in a number of ways; consequently, there is not yet a consensus about what policies constitute "true" inclusionary zoning. In this paper we compare the ways in which IZ programs have been structured in three regions in which it is relatively widespread and long-standing. Our results demonstrate that IZ programs are highly complex and exhibit considerable variation in their structures and outcomes. In the San Francisco Bay Area, IZ programs tend to be mandatory and apply broadly across locations and structure types, but attempt to soften potential negative impacts with cost offsets and alternatives to on-site construction. In the Washington DC area, most IZ programs are also mandatory, but have broader exemptions for small developments and low-density housing types. IZ programs in the Suburban Boston area exhibit the most withinregion heterogeneity. In this area, IZ is more likely to be voluntary and to apply only to a narrow range of developments, such as multifamily or age-restricted housing, or within certain zoning districts. The amount of affordable housing produced under IZ varies considerably, both within and across the regions. The flexibility of IZ allows planners to create a program that accommodates local policy goals, housing market conditions and political circumstances.

Public housing has been on the chopping block for almost two decades now in an effort to deconcentrate poverty. In 1992 the federal government created the Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE) VI program. HOPE VI is driven by the assumption that deconcentrating neighborhood-level poverty will yield better access to upward mobility opportunities for former public housing residents. To accomplish this, existing public housing is demolished and replaced with mixed-income developments. Public housing residents are relocated, many with Housing Choice Voucher subsidies to private-market rental housing. However, by its very definition mixed income means that only a small percentage of former residents get the opportunity to return. Do voucher relocated residents end up in lower poverty neighborhoods with greater upward mobility opportunities? We examine the spatial organization of relocation within the critical discourse on the deconcentration imperative. We highlight Atlanta because it recently became the first city in the nation to eliminate all of its public housing. Findings reveal that voucher relocatees end up in neighborhoods with modestly less poverty than the public housing neighborhoods they left. Questions remain about what poverty deconcentration means vis-à-vis policy goals. We provide recommendations for future research.

South Korea's economic restructuring following the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis increased deregulation, privatization, and labor flexibility, creating new forms of social precarity. This article examines this precarity to rethink the relationship between macrolevel social changes and microprocesses of social life in relation to urban inequality. Drawing on fifteen months of ethnographic research conducted between 2009 and 2011 and in-depth interviews with twenty-two South Korean young adults, the author analyzes how a host of young adults strive for their belonging as they confront their own social precarity in a highly unequal and rapidly changing urban environment. Many young domestic migrants who moved to the Seoul metropolitan area are precarious workers and vulnerable tenants in emerging forms of substandard housing. Their attempts to reconcile the idealized notion of home and their precarious realities reveal the uneven and hidden effects of neoliberal restructuring.South Korea's economic restructuring following the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis increased deregulation, privatization, and labor flexibility, creating new forms of social precarity. This article examines this precarity to rethink the relationship between macrolevel social changes and microprocesses of social life in relation to urban inequality. Drawing on fifteen months of ethnographic research conducted between 2009 and 2011 and in-depth interviews with twenty-two South Korean young adults, the author analyzes how a host of young adults strive for their belonging as they confront their own social precarity in a highly unequal and rapidly changing urban environment. Many young domestic migrants who moved to the Seoul metropolitan area are precarious workers and vulnerable tenants in emerging forms of substandard housing. Their attempts to reconcile the idealized notion of home and their precarious realities reveal the uneven and hidden effects of neoliberal restructuring.

A Fortress in Brooklyn highlights Hasidic agency in urban change. While those with only a passing knowledge of Hasidic life might look at the community’s most visible markers—the sheitels, the shtreimels, the commitment to religious orthodoxy—and mistake Satmar Hasidim for habitual preservationists or apolitical isolationists, Deutsch and Casper make the opposite case, persuasively presenting Hasidic New Yorkers as active and organized participants in the social production of urban space. The book shows what happens when a community seeks, and to a large degree achieves, spatially bounded self-determination in a city where it remains a tiny minority.

However mortgage finance would support housing ownership, the system is mostly dsyfunctional in Turkey. Based on literature and comparative data analysis, we search the components of income/wealth constraint and its consequences in housing finance, as the essential constraint of the development of mortgage system and housing ownership. We first conclude that income/wealth constraint and shanty problems are fundamental socio-economic limits of the development of mortgage finance. Secondly, TOKI system, emerged also because of the above problems, has important risks. We suggest that optimal housing subsidy system may minimize current problems and support further development in mortgage system in Turkey.

The “Poblados Dirigidos de Renta Limitada” (settlements directed to limited incomes) were built as satellite nuclei around Madrid between 1956 and 1966, with the aim of providing accommodation for the massive flow of immigrants arriving from rural areas. The seven paradigmatic cases built in the Spanish capital were: Entrevías, Canillas, Fuencarral, Orcasitas, Caño Roto, Manoteras and Almendrales. They are a short-lived but stellar set of solutions to the housing problem based on modern principles of budgetary optimization, constructive rationality, plus housing and urban quality.

We are at a pivotal moment in addressing homelessness in Canada. For decades, the Federal Government did not prioritize investments in safe, adequate, and affordable housing. Coupled with shifting economic and social landscapes, the modern homelessness crisis was made. In order to develop long-term solutions to homelessness, we must recognize that homelessness exists along a continuum. In this article, we discuss the full extent of homelessness in Canada, including the relationship between a lack of affordable housing and the homelessness crisis. We argue that preventing and ending homelessness is achievable so long as investments, strategies, policies, and practices account for those at risk of homelessness and/or who are precariously housed.