Administration of Justice

J. has said that, the state should act like an informed litigator, not like an ordinary individual, and should not defend cases solely to protect the ego of a certain officer. Statutory authorities should not make frivolous and unreasonable objections, nor should they act callously and high-handedly, as some private litigants do. Legal system in India is facing a major challenge as a result of a large number of cases being brought before the courts by the Government, both at the State and Central levels, as well as public sector companies. Despite being a crucial aspect of a developing economy, the administration of justice has not received the necessary investment, resulting in insufficient resources being allocated to this important sector. Ironically, while the government and public sector entities are responsible for a significant proportion of the litigation, funding for the courts is classified as non-plan expenditure and receives little priority. This has led to criticism that the government is not providing enough resources to support the courts and judges, despite their own propensity for bringing cases to the courts. In fact, the government is responsible for almost half of the 30 million pending cases in Indian courts.

Comparative research shows that many countries experience the problem of slow and ineffective civil litigation. When duration of court proceedings becomes a political issue, governments must act. While several reform strategies are possible, not every one of them is equally appropriate. In this paper, it will be shown that the simplest response – to fix procedural timeframes by procedural legislation – is usually the least effective, although it is still popular among legislators seeking a quick and easy fixing of the problem. The first part of this paper explains why this is the case, analyzing challenges that the policies of fixing judicial timeframes by procedural legislation are faced with. The analysis follows the emerging European standards regarding procedural timeframes as defined by ‘soft’ sources of law: by case law of the ECtHR on human right to a trial within reasonable time, by the work of the CEPEJ and by recently adopted model European civil procedural legislation. On the other hand, experiences of various countries demonstrate that different ways to deal with the slowness of civil justice exist that are subtler and more complex, but better adjusted to the needs and more promising in the end result. Among such experiences, in the second part of this paper the 1 e-mail: [email protected]. The author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to Professor Fokke Fernhout of Maastricth University and Professor Elisabetta Silvestri of University of Pavia for their insightful comments and suggestions.  practice in some European countries is presented. The approach to procedural timeframes in Germany, the Netherlands, Italy and Croatia show a variety of more or less successful means of judicial time management that can serve as examples of what (not) to do.

This work painstakingly went through the Nigerian legal system by discussing in details the historical development of the country’s legal system. It also showcased the reforms and as well the challenges found in the Nigeria legal system. The challenges of Nigerian Law Reforms as well as Nigeria legal system were discussed and solutions were provided. Indeed, it is a useful material for students and other researchers who are of the opinion of having a better legal system in Nigeria.

This study analyzes the Gorontalo customary law approach in the transfer of land rights through the Tayade system, which separates land rights and plant rights. In the context of Gorontalo, although there is no formal regulation that specifically regulates Tayade, this practice remains dominant. It creates legal uncertainty for land and plant owners due to the absence of definite legal rules used to separate the transfer of land rights from plants. This paper conducts a comparative analysis to evaluate the impact of the Tayade system on legal certainty, rights transfer mechanisms, land management principles, and the potential for social conflict with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach methods. The research seeks to offer practical solutions to harmonize the Tayade system with Indonesia's land law framework through an analysis of the alignment between customary and positive Law. This research aims to guide Indonesian policymakers and stakeholders on practical approaches based on an analysis of Tayade practices to strengthen legal certainty and reduce potential conflicts in land rights management.

Bu çalışmada sorunları çözmekte zorlanan bürokrasinin çıkış arama sürecinde dijitalleşmesi ve teknolojiden yararlanması sürecinde yapay zeka yönetişimi uygulamalarından ve robotik bürokrasinden nasıl yararlanabileceği hususu adalet yönetimi özelinde incelenmektedir. Dünya genelinde adalet yönetiminde yaşanan sorunlar analiz edildiğinde bilgi iletişim teknolojilerinin yetersiz kullanılmasının temel rol oynadığı çok açıktır. Bu nedenle yönetimde robotlaşma ve yapay zeka uygulamaları büyük adalet yönetimi alanında büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada önce bürokrasinin neden yıprandığı ve sorunlara çözüm bulamadığı, adalet yönetimin bürokratik çıkmazları özelinde incelenmiştir. Ardından bu alanda yaşanan teknolojik gelişmelerin, verimlilik arayışlarına katkısı değerlendirilmiştir. Dijital teknolojilerin kullanımını içeren dijital otomasyonun önemli bir bileşeni olan robotik süreç otomasyonu ve robotik bürokrasi konusu ele alınmış, buradan teknolojik adalet yönetimi ve yapay zekâ yönetişimi uygulamalarına geçilerek, adalet yönetiminin bu süreçten nasıl etkilenebileceği değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçta etkin ve verimli bir adalet yönetimi için teknolojiden mutlak surette yararlanılması gerektiğine, bu doğrultuda robotik bürokrasinin ve yapay zeka uygulamalarının sürece çok ciddi katkısı olacağı gerçeğine ulaşılmıştır.

Changes in the field of management throughout the world in recent years have also directly affected organizational management. Organizations aiming to be effective and efficient in this process took part in this radical change process and tried to adapt the practices that would be beneficial to them. In this context, the subject of risk governance, which is at the center of the study, draws great attention from organizations that want to manage risk much more effectively and efficiently, in parallel with the change experienced. In the study, it is discussed how organizations can switch to risk governance practices in line with their search for effective crisis and risk management. In this context, first the concepts of risk, crisis and governance were clarified, and then the risk culture issue, which is necessary for the implementation of risk governance in organizations, was mentioned. In addition, crisis management and crisis assessment processes and their relations with risk and governance are also examined. In the last part of the study, information about the main orientations that will provide great advantage to the organizations towards risk governance is given and detailed explanations are made within the scope of risk governance. The study contributes to the relevant literature on how organizations can be more effective and efficient by transitioning from risk management understanding, which is insufficient in finding solutions to problems, to risk governance. The results obtained and the suggestions made in the study, which was prepared by applying a qualitative research method and conducting a wide literature review in this context, were formed by systematically interpreting the obtained data with content analysis.

Generally, a court in Nigeria in giving judgment in any matter is duty bound to limit its judgment to the reliefs sought by the parties. An exception to the general rule lies in the power of the court to make consequential orders which were not expressly demanded by the parties but which flow as a natural consequence of the Judgment of the court. The reliefs may be gleaned from the pleadings filed by the parties. Courts are not expected to make orders at large but must restrict themselves to what has been claimed. To some, these powers exercisable by the court are viewed as judicial arrogance while others see it as judicial dynamism. In the Nigeria legal system and the Judiciary in particular, the court's application of its power to make consequential orders had led to some landmark decisions that have increased public awareness of the existence of such power. In this article, we shall be considering the general rule as it relates to judgments being limited to the pleadings of parties. We shall also consider the power of the court to make consequential orders and the circumstances where such orders may be made. This article will not be complete without a consideration of some landmark decision of the Nigerian courts which have brought the concept of consequential orders into the public limelight and ensured its gradual entrenchment as an instrument of dynamism in the hands of the Nigerian Judiciary.

Son yılların önemli kavramlarından birisini yapay zeka oluşturmaktadır. Öğrenen makine ve
robotlar vasıtasıyla insan zekasına alternatif bir yol izleyen yapay zeka olgusu birçok alanda
kulanım imkanı bulmaktadır. Yapay zeka konusunda ortaya atılan endişelere rağmen artan
oranda destek bulmasında ortaya çıkardığı olumlu etkiler önemli bir yere sahiptir. Özellikle
ChatGPT gibi son yıllarda adından çok söz ettiren yapay zeka uygulamalarının sağladığı
erişim kolaylığı ve ortaya koyduğu faydalar nedeni ile yapay zeka konusu toplumun her
alanında popülerliğini son derece artırmış durumdadır. Yapay zeka birçok sektörde kulanım
imkan bulduğu gibi kamu yönetimi alanında da benzer bir kullanım yoğunluğuna ulaşmıştır.
Kamu yönetimin bürokrasi ağırlıklı hantallığının azaltılmasında önemli bir araç olarak yapay
zeka tabanlı teknolojilere yer vermesi özü itibariyle önemli bir gelişme olarak görülmektedir.
Özellikle yapay zeka uygulamaları, kamu hizmetlerinde karar alma süreçlerini optimize

The article deals with the problem of judges’ professionalism as a basis for the staffing in the courts. It has been found that the quality of judicial administration of the courts depends on the professionalism of the judges, and has been noted that it is therefore advisable to exercise proper judicial personnel management. The attention has been payed to the experience of assessing the professionalism of judges as a basis for proper court staffing in the Republic of Latvia, the Netherlands and Ukraine. It has been found that the determination of the professionalism of judges is carried out through the initial evaluation of candidates for the position of judges and the systematic evaluation of judges. It has been noted that in the Republic of Latvia and the Netherlands it is advisable to pay attention to ensuring the independence of the entities that are involved in the process of evaluation, because the current situation may transform the procedure of appointing and examining the ...

Today, when we look at technological developments and changes, it is obvious that social life has been reshaped. It is seen that artificial intelligence is one of the factors affecting such reshaping. Considering that the purpose of individuals is to sustain their lives, it is important to operate the decision-making mechanism rapidly. In this context, it is understood that artificial intelligence applications can affect the relevant processes in making decisions, and models are used to imitate human brains in order to collect information or data. It is thought that artificial intelligence makes our lives much easier, and that this situation may reach unpredictable and even unimaginable dimensions in the near future. However, although it may provide some benefits for humanity, it is also foreseen that artificial intelligence may cause various damages in terms of violations of law. This article discusses the actual or potential violations of law related to artificial intelligence, analyzes the legal problems, and offers an evaluation of possible solutions.

El Libro primero contiene tres títulos; aparte del primero dedicado a las "leys", los dos títulos restantes recogen las cuestiones referentes a "la Ssanta Trinidad y de la ffe catolica" (título II) y a "los articolos de la ffe" (título III). 7 Los dos primeros títulos de la Partida I están dedicados a las leyes (título I) y al "uso, e de la costumbre, e del fuero" (título II); los restantes-hasta 24-recogen toda materia eclesiástica: la Santa Trinidad y la fe católica; los sacramentos; los prelados; los clérigos; los religiosos; los votos; la excomuniones, suspensiones y entredichos; las iglesias; los privilegios de las iglesias y cementerios; los monasterios; las sepulturas…

Go out there and do what is right between these parties." It is said that when Andrew Jackson presided as a country judge, he frequently delivered this instruction to juries. 1 The authenticity of this tale need trouble only serious students of Jackson, for whom issues of verification are standard fare. The rest of us need merely note that the statement is an accurate reflection of the relationship between judge and jury at the time it was reportedly uttered. During the nation's formative years, and through much of the nineteenth century, juries did "what is right" by determining the facts and law according to principles of natural justice. 2 This is no longer the case. Today there is a much clearer division of responsibilities between judge and jury. It is now generally believed that justice will best be served if juries decide only questions of fact, leaving judges as the final arbiters of matters of law. In Maryland and Indiana, however, juries retain constitutional authority to act as judges of law as well as of fact. This Article will examine this once common but now nearly extinct practice, and explore the desirability of its retention. The focus is upon article XV, section 5, of the Maryland Constitution, which provides that "In the trial of all criminal cases, the Jury shall be the Judges of Law, as well as of fact, except that the Court may pass upon the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain a conviction." Article XV,

espanolEl presente estudio trata sobre un primer ensayo codificador en la Republica Mexicana. La Ley de 5 de enero de 1857 doto de elementos comunes a los jueces para imponer sentencias y penas pues contuvo elementos como la responsabilidad criminal y civil; un catalogo de circunstancias agravantes, atenuantes y eximentes, ademas de incluir a la prision en el catalogo de penas vigentes. Elementos que facilitaron la imparticion de justicia en los foros, contribuyendo a degradar las bases sobre las que se sustentaba el derecho de Antiguo Regimen como el arbitrio judicial EnglishThis study deals with a first encoder trial in Mexico. The Law of 5 January 1857 common elements gave judges to impose sentences and penalties as contained elements such as criminal and civil liability; a catalog of aggravating circumstances, mitigating or exculpatory, and includes the prison in the catalog of existing penalties . Elements that facilitated the delivery of justice in the forums, contributing to ...

Esta investigacion pone muy bien en evidencia como juegan los estereotipos de genero con respecto a las mayores dificultades que deben afrontar las mujeres para hacer carrera en el Poder Judicial. En Italia, donde las mujeres pudieron entrar al Poder Judicial solo a comienzos de los anos sesenta, a pesar de la Constitucion, las cosas son distintas porque es distinto el sistema de ascensos, que es automatico, desligado, por lo tanto, de las relaciones y de las decisiones de los superiores. Si todavia hay pocas mujeres en los altos niveles, se debe en gran parte a la mayor antiguedad que han alcanzado los hombres. Pero, al igual que en este estudio, el Poder Judicial se va feminizando cada vez mas.

Breach of fundamental human rights and rule of law are challenges that have tainted Nigeria’s image and impaired sustainable development of her justice system. These breaches are: torture, distorting bail procedures among others. These illegal practices if unchecked may culminate in the denial of justice. The lawyer’s role therefore, is vital in fostering a culture of enduring dispensation of justice, especially in the light of the many challenges bedeviling Nigeria’s criminal justice system. The paper re-appraises the statutory and ethical roles of lawyers pursuant to the Nigeria’s Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 in facilitating stringent compliance with the Act to safeguard the rule of law. The study is a doctrinal legal research with a library based approach. It adopts primary sources such as statutes, judicial authorities and secondary sources such as textbooks, journals/articles and internet sources. The research recommends among others, reform and strengthening of...

On 30 January 2019 the Council of Europe adopted guidelines on electronic evidence in civil and administrative law accompanied by the Explanatory Memorandum. The authors summarize and analyse this soft law instrument with respect to intellectual property (hereinafter “IP”) disputes. They explain why its creation is important for the proper administration of justice and how it addresses and reflects technological developments, new business models and evolving case-law. Several conclusions have been identified regarding how use of the Guidelines will address current practical problems for courts in IP disputes. Both authors took active part in the preparatory works and believe it is in the interest of justice and effective IP protection that these guidelines are publicly available in the member states and widely disseminated among professionals dealing with electronic evidence.

With climate change adversely affecting individuals and communities in diverse ways, from extreme weather conditions to diminishing access to natural resources, violations of the rule of law often arise. To mitigate or address these violations, one or more justice system institutions come into play. These institutions undertake diverse greening initiatives as part of a primary function or procedural role. These initiatives, as explored and argued in this paper, should be approached from a rights-based perspective. Broadly, a rights-based approach to greening the justice system entails integrating environmental protection considerations into its functioning, operational processes and practices while respecting the rights of humans and nature. It accentuates the fact that the impacts of climate change worsen the various vulnerabilities faced by individuals and communities in society, particularly the poor, marginalised and indigenous populations. To strengthen a rights-based approach to greening the justice system, deliberate actions are essential to protect the well-being of the most vulnerable populations and natural resources while promoting inclusive solutions. These actions involve, among others, enforcing environmental laws, timeously holding violators accountable and promoting sustainable green practices. By adopting a rights perspective in greening, the justice system can help build a more resilient, dynamic and accountable society.

The article, following an outline of the historical context, designs a normative justification of citizens’ participation in the public administration of justice on the basis of the philosophy of right of Georg W.F. Hegel and Johann G. Fichte. Their complementary philosophies of right provide solid foundations for a modern philosophy of right for lay judges (also called honorary judges). It is further argued that Hegel’s concept of the honorary judge as a subject who realizes their right to political and legal self-awareness and is integral to the administration of justice has greater and more topical potential than its equivalent in Fichte’s writings. Fichtean honorary judges act outside the legal framework, by virtue of a civic contract on reciprocal judicial support in emergency. All inquiries, documented with sources, due to the novelty of the issue, lead to the following conclusions: 1) lay judges’ activism according to Fichte “invalidates” a wrongful, defective or unjust law. In this way Fichte anticipates Radbruch’s Formula; 2) Hegelian honorary judges have impact on the real transformation of modern, atomistic society of idiotes (individuals with private interests) into a society of polites (as in the ancient Greek politeia or Roman res publica), transform institutions into public bodies in the strong sense of this term; finally, they prevent the alienation of society and law.
Keywords: participatory judiciary, lay judge, honorary judge, Hegel, Fichte, Radbruch, political transformation of society and public institutions, alienation of law and society

Este artículo presenta un estudio contemporáneo sobre la política criminal de drogas brasileña, actualmente regida por la Ley 11343/06. Para ello, en un primer momento, se presentará la legislación, así como los cambios derivados de su entrada en vigor en 2006. Posteriormente, se evidencia que el texto legal, al no especificar criterios objetivos para diferenciar entre usuarios y traficantes, abrió espacio por la acción discrecional de los actores de la administración de justicia penal, representada en este estudio en la figura de policías y jueces, lo que contribuyó significativamente a que la ley sea la principal responsable del aumento de la encarcelación en Brasil en las últimas décadas. Finalmente, con el objetivo de resaltar los impactos inherentes a la legislación vigente, la política criminal de drogas brasileña se presenta en una perspectiva internacional. En este sentido, se analizarán datos del Departamento Penitenciario Nacional, de los años 2018, 2020 y 2022, así como fuentes secundarias de información, con el fin de problematizar la actual política de drogas en el país, dada su alta ineficacia y carácter punitivo. Palabras clave: Ley 11343/06, política de drogas brasileña, encarcelamiento, tráfico de drogas, prohibicionismo.

Penelitian ini mengkaji relevansi perilaku hakim dalam implementasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan hakim. Penegakan Hukum Islam, yang bersumber dari Al-Qur'an, Sunnah, dan Ijma’, bertujuan tidak hanya untuk menegakkan keadilan, tetapi juga untuk menjaga stabilitas sosial melalui prinsip amar ma'ruf nahi munkar. Kualitas hakim, yang mencakup keadilan, kecerdasan, dan integritas moral, sangat berpengaruh dalam mencapai kepastian hukum. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya pemahaman mendalam oleh hakim terkait konteks sosial dan budaya dalam setiap kasus, serta harmonisasi dengan perangkat hukum lainnya untuk menciptakan ketertiban dalam masyarakat.

O direito processual pós-moderno, além de visar à formação de um procedimento objetivo para a garantia do devido processo legal, visa à garantia da segurança jurídica e do acesso à ordem jurídica justa em consonância com os valores e preceitos contidos na Constituição Federal de 1988. Almejando essa dinâmica no Processo Civil Brasileiro, o novo Código de Processo Civil (CPC) trouxe diversas mudanças, sendo que entre as mais notáveis estão a Conciliação e a Mediação, ambas como formas de solução amigável para o litígio. Quanto às ações de família, objeto da aplicação dos dois institutos no presente estudo, ressalta-se que todos os esforços deverão ser empreendidos para a solução consensual da controvérsia. Nesse sentido, busca-se a implementação do Centro Judiciário de Solução de Conflitos e Cidadania (CEJUSC)-terminologia prevista na Resolução n. 125/2010 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), o qual será equiparado a uma unidade judiciária, com a finalidade de promover a autocomposição, com especial ênfase na solução de conflitos por meio da conciliação da mediação. Em se tratando das Varas de Família, as quais já se encontram inseridas no contexto da aplicação das audiências de conciliação previstas na Lei Especial de Alimentos-Lei n. 5.478/1968, a implementação dos CEJUSCs poderá tornar mais célere e efetiva a solução dos litígios, os quais versam, de maneira geral, sobre pensão alimentícia, e, indubitavelmente, há uma grande expectativa nessa implementação face à grande demanda de ações ajuizadas. O estudo no âmbito da Vara de Família de São José dos Pinhais pôde constatar a necessidade de esforços ainda mais contundentes no sentido de se promover a efetividade processual consubstanciada nos moldes do neoprocessualismo, tendo em vista que apenas 40,53% das audiências de conciliação realizadas foram finalizadas com acordo.

Considering the journey thus far in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) in Nigeria which culminated in the enactment of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA), 2015, it has become imperative to take stock of the gains as well as highlight the shortcomings of the Act. This paper seeks to espouse the innovations in the Act and point out the challenges the new provisions would pose for the system. This is achieved by examining the innovative provisions of the ACJA as well as those that seek to cure the mischiefs that had bedeviled the Nigerian Criminal Justice system for over a century under the Criminal Procedure Act and the Criminal Procedure Code. The paper finds that despite the prospects of the ACJA, there are certain provisions which undermine its lofty aim of promoting efficient management of criminal justice and affording justice to all. There are also challenges in the implementation of the Act. This study therefore suggests solutions to these challenges. The paper concludes on the note that despite these setbacks, the ACJA is important towards improving the Nigerian criminal justice system. It therefore enjoins all States of the Federation domesticate it in their jurisdiction for the benefit of all citizens.

Nowadays, it is challenging to distinguish between genuine content created by humans or deepfake created by deepfakes algorithms. Therefore, it is in the interests of society and nations to have systems that can notice and evaluate the content without human intervention. This paper presents the challenges of artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning and deep learning, in the fight against deepfake. In addition, it presents the relevance that deepfakes may have in the administration of criminal justice.

Since justice administration was one of the seminal, if not the principal aspect of medieval and Early Modern statehood, the podestàs’ performance of their broad discretionary rights – arbitrium – in adjudicating legal cases were the main engines that produced and maintained Venetian sovereignty in their subject communities. The present paper focuses on both the quotidian as well as exceptional cases of justice administration in late medieval Istrian communities subject to Venice, seeking to uncover the focal characteristics of Venetian systems of government on the peninsula. By analyzing court cases registered by the chancelleries of Istrian rectors, the paper aims to untangle the complex interplay between local customs, codified statutes, and discretionary rights wielded by the Venetian appointed podestàs. Moreover, by presenting several cases that ended up before the appellate courts in Venice – mainly those presented to the avogadori di comun –, the presentation illustrates the complex dialectic of the systems of justice operating in late medieval Venetian Istria. Due to the rich and under-researched archival material pertaining to the subject matter, the paper hopes to elevate Istrian case studies to the very center of scholarly debates on justice administration in the Venetian Commonwealth.

Confessional statements are very vital in Nigeria’s administration of criminal justice as many convictions are based on confessional statements. The major laws regulating the admissibility of confessional statements in Nigeria are Evidence Act 2011, Administration of Criminal Justice Act 2015 and Administration of Criminal Justice Laws of various States. The provisions of these laws seem to be inconsistent and create confusion on the admissibility of confessional statements. This paper defines and examines confessional statements under the Evidence Act 2011, the Administration of Criminal Justice Act 2015 and the Administration of Criminal Justice Laws of Various States. The paper examines various court decisions on the “conflicts” between the Evidence Act 2011, the Administration of Criminal Justice Act 2015 and the Administration of Criminal Justice Laws. The paper finds that the Evidence Act solely determines the admissibility of confessional statements while the Administration o...

O Tribunal Virtual de Richard Susskind deixou de ser apenas um conceito para ser uma política de implementação e desenvolvimento do judiciário ao lado da tecnologia. Sua aplicação no sistema jurídico brasileiro foi proposta, aplicada, aprimorada e constantemente aperfeiçoada pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça. Objetiva-se compreender o conceito jurídico estruturante de Tribunal Virtual, criado por Richard Susskind, para identificar suas premissas, fundamentos e pretensões. Posteriormente, demonstra-se como o Tribunal Virtual de Susskind tem sido aplicado no sistema jurídico brasileiro por meio do Programa Justiça 4.0. Por fim, analisa-se brevemente as políticas em curso para verificar sua compatibilidade com o devido processo legal. Dessa forma, o problema de pesquisa que norteia este artigo e os objetivos propostos podem ser expressos pelo seguinte questionamento: o Programa Justiça 4.0 tem atendido aos fundamentos e aos preceitos fundamentais dos Tribunais Virtuais de Richard Susskind, bem como à Justiça Distributiva? Conclui-se que apesar dos avanços tecnológico e jurídico existentes, o Programa Justiça 4.0 ainda é precário quanto à acessibilidade, a transparência e a proporcionalidade da justiça. O método utilizado é o de pesquisa integrada somado à técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica.

The use of data about judicial procedures is crucial to improve the overall administration of justice, define strategies for justice institutions, promote transparency, broaden access, and enhance confidence in the justice system. Nevertheless, data collected worldwide has been sparse and inconsistent as most countries have been late to start steadily adopting information technology in the Justice System. Brazil is an exception, as the country has been collecting digital judicial data systematically since 2009. Despite its enormous geographical and population dimensions and its heterogeneity of legal systems among the states, Brazil managed to develop and implement the National Database of the Brazilian Judiciary (DataJud) as a result of 15 years of studies and experience coordinated by the National Council of Justice (CNJ) and with the participation of the Brazilian Judiciary actors. The paper presents DataJud, the main previous events that favoured its creation, its characteristics, and two results and firsts benefit of the platform: Dashboard of Statistics of the Judiciary and Dashboard of Major Litigants.

Este artículo presenta algunos de los resultados obtenidos en la ejecución de un proyecto de investigación que se propuso analizar las consecuencias que tiene para el bien común el surgimiento en Colombia de un Estado jurisdiccional en el que la última palabra en materias que son de trascendencia para la vida nacional, la tienen los jueces. El texto parte de la descripción de la problemática que surge de la configuración del Estado jurisdiccional.   Luego, reflexiona respecto de la manera como el bien común constituye un criterio de juicio fundamental que sirve para mostrar la conveniencia que tiene para la vida social, el que los jueces se ocupen de lo que demanda la naturaleza de su función y, de esta manera, administren justicia con rectitud. Finalmente, plantea la necesidad de recuperar la relación existente entre la administración de justicia y el bien común –una relación sin solución de continuidad– como camino para la superación de la problemática planteada en la primera part...

Este artículo tuvo como finalidad evidenciar que algunas investigaciones sobre la información genética y los seguros incurren en dos errores importantes. El primer error es confundir el medio o la herramienta que se utiliza para extraer la información genética con la información misma y el segundo es confundir la información genética con el lugar donde la información está contenida como una base de datos o un cuestionario. La metodología utilizada para demostrar esta confusión es un análisis documental cualitativo de las investigaciones que se encontraron sobre información genética y seguros, resaltando la confusión común en la que incurren estas investigaciones al tratar solo las pruebas genéticas o los soportes en los que la información genética puede estar contenida. Los resultados evidencian una confusión generalizada en considerar que las aseguradoras están interesadas en las pruebas genéticas cuando en realidad solo tienen interés en la información genética sin importar el medio o la herramienta utilizada para extraer esta información. De la misma forma, no se puede equiparar el soporte en el que está contenida la información genética con la información misma. La regulación normativa que se

With this issue of the Journal, the editors inaugurate the first of what over time will be a series of special issues of the IJCA. We take considerable pride in having organized this special issue reflecting recent research and scholarship by members of the European Group for Public Administration (EGPA) study group. We gratefully acknowledge the work of our reviewers, most of whom are members of ICJA's Editorial Board; our English-language proofreaders: and our Technical Editor, Linda Wade-Bahr, for compiling this special issue. The EGPA Study group on Justice and Court Administration conducted its inaugural conference in Bergen, Norway, in September. In response to our call for session papers, we received an unexpectedly large and fruitful yield, including a retrospective on court administration reform and modernization in Switzerland. Andreas Lienhard and Daniel Kettiger, from the Center of Competence for Public Management in Berne earlier received a significant grant for research on court administration. The Sinergia project, financed by the Swiss National Foundation, ongoing since 1 May 2012, will generate dissertations, articles, and other publications. The Sinergia project on court administration in Switzerland is connected to the EGPA Study Group.

In contemporary Western jurisprudence it is never appropriate for emotion - anger, love, hatred, sadness, disgust, fear, joy - to affect judicial decision-making. A good judge should feel no emotion; if she does, she puts it aside. To call a judge emotional is a stinging insult, signifying a failure of discipline, impartiality, and reason. Insistence on judicial dispassion is a cultural script of unusual longevity and potency. But not only is the script wrong as a matter of human nature - emotion does not, in fact, invariably tend toward sloppiness, bias, and irrationality - but it is not quite so monolithic as it appears. Legal theorists (and judges themselves) sometimes have asserted that judicial emotion is inevitable and, perhaps, to be welcomed. But these dissents have neither eroded the script’s power nor blossomed into a robust theory of how emotion might co-exist with, or even contribute to, judicial decision-making. Close examination of this hidden intellectual history reve...

Judges are human and experience emotion when hearing cases, though the standard account of judging long has denied that fact. In the post-Realist era it is possible to acknowledge that judges have emotional reactions to their work, yet our legal culture continues to insist that a good judge firmly puts those reactions aside. Thus, we expect judges to regulate their emotions, either by preventing emotion’s emergence or by walling off its influence. But judges are given precisely no direction as to how to engage in emotional regulation. This Article proposes a model for judicial emotion regulation that goes beyond a blanket admonition to “put emotion aside.” While legal discourse on judicial emotion has been stunted, scientific study of the processes of emotion regulation has been robust. By bringing these literatures together for the first time, the Article reveals that our legal culture does nothing to promote intelligent judicial emotion regulation and much to discourage it. An eng...

This book is an open and not for profit publication distributed under Creative Commons Licensing; subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold , hired out, or otherwise circulated, without the publishers' prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. It is available to be used, adapted, and redistributed with the acknowledgement to the publisher. The front and back photos were taken in January 2012 by Ravi Prakash Vyas and Jon Cheung respectively in a research trip in Nepal.

Emotional intelligence is vital for the proper development of the personality. In the case of judges, the behavior and process of the administration of justice are fundamental to the rule of law. However, little attention has been paid to the issue of the emotional conditions of judges, which directly or indirectly affect individuals and court administrative personnel. Several health institutions have demonstrated the connection between people's mental and physical health, which not only implies the absence of disease, but also a healthy and suitable lifestyle to perform their work properly. In this specific case, this article aims to show how judges´ good or bad emotional health can affect the decisions made in their courts and the importance of their effects on the people who need to abide by such rulings. It is imperative to continue requesting that the judicial authorities have the necessary resources to ensure they can do their work properly and the judgments issued are not hampered by health factors. Finally, it should be mentioned that this article also analyzes judges' behavior and thus raises awareness about the effects of mental and physical health, as it has an impact on the jurisdictional processes to which judges are party.

In any nation, the judicial system is essential to maintaining the rule of law and administering justice. The trial levels and jurisdiction of Pakistan's legal system are examined in this abstract. Pakistan's judicial system is hierarchical, with multiple tiers to handle various case kinds and conflicts. District and session courts handle both criminal and civil cases at the lowest tier. Ascending the judicial hierarchy, every province comprises high courts that have the authority to hear appeals from subordinate courts and have original jurisdiction over certain cases. As the highest court in Pakistan, the Supreme Court is tasked with interpreting the constitution, assessing rulings from subordinate courts, and acting as the last court of appeals. Specialized tribunals are also in place to handle particular legal matters. Gaining an understanding of the Trial levels and jurisdiction in the Pakistani legal system is crucial to understanding the composition and operation of the legal system in that nation. This research illuminates the essential elements of Pakistan's legal system by offering a succinct synopsis of the trial levels and jurisdiction.

The future of administration of justice is an issue increasingly often discussed in the literature. Representatives of the doctrine wonder about the greater use of new technologies in the judiciary, so as to, among other things, shorten the waiting time for a case to be decided by the court. Changes taking into account the wider use of new technologies are indispensable. Such a future has already been foreseen in the literature. The author reviews selected reported and functioning ideas, presents how the judicial field has changed recently and reflects on possible future solutions. The result of his observations is a conclusion about the need to discuss the future of justice on a broad, global scale.

Dada la magnitud del tema, se seleccionan algunas cuestiones para esbozarlas desde tres enfoques: espacial, político y cultural. Todo ello se contextualiza en la historia de la cristiandad occidental desde la adolescencia de Alfonso, como infante heredero del trono, hasta su vejez, como rey casi destronado, entre 1235 y 1283 aproximadamente .