Academic achievement

Purpose: Research shows that trust is significantly related to academic achievement. This study expands knowledge of this connection in two ways. First, because a stratified, random sample of elementary schools from an entire state was used, the results have considerable generalizability. Second, this study tested the relationship between trust and achievement and assessed whether links between academic achievement, socioeconomic status (SES), and racial composition are mediated by the levels of trust teachers report in students and parents. Data Collection and Analysis: Schools were systematically randomly selected and stratified by location, prior achievement, SES, and size to represent all traditional public elementary schools across Michigan. Teachers responded to surveys measuring the levels of trust in schools. A path analysis was conducted at the school level to model variation in trust and the proportion of students passing the state mathematics and reading assessments. Findings: Using path analysis and controlling for measures of school context, greater trust was associated with increased school achievement in mathematics and reading on state assessments used for accountability purposes. Also, school SES, racial composition, and size were indirectly related

Previous studies of the influence of family support on college students' academic performance have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the link between family support and students' university-level academic performance in a more detailed way. First, we sought to clarify how two distinct aspects of perceived family support-social support and economic support-affect college students' academic performance. Second, we sought to determine how these two aspects of family support influence not only cumulative GPA scores but also the overall trend (slope) and stability (variability) of students' GPA scores across semesters. The participants in this longitudinal study were 240 university students (62 men, 178 women). The results revealed that the level of perceived family social support was important not only as a ''main effect'' predictor of the magnitude and stability of the students' GPA scores across three successive semesters, but also as a factor that helped female students to succeed regardless of their level of family economic support. In general, the data suggest that family social support is more important to women's success in college than to men's.

Demographically, mainland Hispanic Americans constitute a population that is eco ically and educationally diverse. Nonetheless, a cluster of related findings indicates that Hispanic students are more poorly prepared for college than non-Hispanic White students. More Hispanic high school seniors than White non-hispanics are enrolled in vocational or general programs than academic programs, and fewer take the standardized college admissions tests. Lack of interest in the courses offered by high schools, alienation, poor teaching, and differences in family life are among the reasons for the lesser tendency of Hispanic students to be adequately prepared for or interested in applying to college. Studies suggest that teachers' cultural stereotypes act negatively on their expectations for Hispanic students, and that language, UAL CIA ET OF EDUCATION NATIO"41. wisuruira OF EDUCATION EOUGA I 10.AL RESOURCES INTURNIATION CENTER (ERIC! 1 That Mamma ha been mixednced as Pecansed team tear pima Of giowectition otonahng Pinot chows two boon mode to outwore toorodoction wady r..

The purpose of this research study was to investigate the effects of parental socioeconomic status on the academic achievement of secondary school students in District Karak (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) Pakistan. The objectives of the study were: (a) to find out the effect of parental socioeconomic status on the academic achievement of secondary school students (b) to determine the effect of parental educational level on the academic achievement of secondary school students (c) to find out the effect of parental occupational level on the academic achievement of secondary school students and (d) to suggest workable recommendations for the enhancement of the students’ academic achievement. All the students studying at secondary school level in District Karak constituted the population of the study. The study was delimited to only sixty government boys’ high schools in District Karak. The study was further delimited to the students of 10th Class. In order to represent adequate representation o...

Czech and Slovak educational systems stand at the doorstep of the fundamental reforms, accentuating the development of psychosocial qualities of all stakeholders engaged in education as determinants of a successful educational process. The narrative review focuses on research studies conducted since 2001, based on the paradigm of attachment and motivational theories of self-determination. Paper provides an overview of how the concept of school achievement and the individual key constructs of the teacher-student relationship are operationalized (closeness, conflict, relatedness, autonomy support, structure). It discusses main conclusions of the most significant studies in this area, as well as some inconsistent results and methodological problems. After rigorous impact and content selection, the review includes 17 empirical studies. Finally, specific current research challenges in the field are considered.

Across the United States, community colleges offer millions of students an open-access, low-cost postsecondary education. However, of the students who enroll in community college hoping to earn a credential or transfer to a four-year institution, only about half achieve their goal within six years. For students who enter college needing developmental (remedial) education in reading, writing, or math, this rate is even lower. Learning communities, in which cohorts of students enroll in two or more linked courses together, are often employed to improve these students' success. In addition to linking courses, learning communities often incorporate other components, such as faculty collaboration, shared assignments and curricula, and connections to student support services.

Since the early 1930s, elementary and secondary students have learned through the use of electronic distance learning systems. Several benefits have been reported for K-12 distance education: increased access to education for students with a wide range of needs, flexibility in the speed and schedule of learning, greater parental influence on education. However, some researchers have found that the effectiveness of distance education depends on the contexts in which it occurs. The research on the effects of ...

This paper critiques instructional leadership and the notion of pedagogic leadership is proposed as an alternative, broader conception of the principalship. Pedagogy concerns enabling the learning and intellectual growth of students in contrast to instruction that treats students as the object of curriculum implementation. Successful classroom pedagogy requires that teachers understand how students learn and have the autonomy to design, implement and assess educational activities that meet the needs of individual and all students. Pedagogic leadership is predicated on informed teacher practice and reflection. Teachers are empowered to exercise professional responsibility and supportive judgements by principals who are pedagogic leaders. The pedagogic leader demonstrates credible knowledge of learning and teaching in conjunction with knowledge of the processes for improving school-wide learning.

Gresham, F. M. & Elliott, S. N. (2016). Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, Problemas de Comportamento e Competência Acadêmica para Crianças: SSRS Manual de aplicação, Apuração e Interpretação [Del Prette, Z. A. P., Freitas, L. C., Bandeira, M. & Del Prette, A.  Autores da adaptação e padronização brasileira]. São Paulo: Pearson.

Ver detalhes aqui: http://www.casadopsicologo.com.br/ssrs-inventario-de-habilidades-sociais-problemas-de-comportamento-e-competencia-academica-para-criancas-kit-completo.html#.Vq4xseanfqh

The Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy (DANVA) was designed to measure individual differences in the accurate sending and receiving of nonverbal social information. The DANVA consists of four receptive and three expressive subtests that measure nonverbal processing accuracy in children from 6 to 10 years of age. Four propositions were offered to guide the gathering of construct validity data for the DANVA. In support of the propositions, researchers found that DANVA accuracy scores increased with age, were internally consistent and reliable over time, and showed significant relationships with indices of personal and social adjustment and academic achievement but were not related to IQ. Evidence for construct validity was stronger for receptive, as compared to expressive, subtests. Future research should include additional populations of subjects and study of the impact of intensity of emotion being sent or received.

"Okul başarısızlığının nedenleri üzerine bir değerlendirme : Sorgun ilçesi örneği"
Özet:  Eğitim ve öğretim etkinliklerinin temel amacı; öğrencilerde istendik yönde davranış değişikliklerini sağlamaktır. Eğitim amaçları yönündeki davranış değişikliklerinin öğrencide ne ölçüde gerçekleştiği ve öğrenci başarısına (başarısızlığına) etki eden temel unsurların ne olduğunun ortaya konulması önem arz etmektedir. Akademik başarı genellikle, öğrencinin psiko-motor ve duyuşsal gelişiminin dışında kalan, bütün program alanlarındaki davranış değişmelerini ifade eder. Akademik başarısızlık ise öğrencinin gözlemlenen performansı ile tahmin edilen performansı arasındaki farklılık olarak tanımlanabilir. Bununla birlikte okulda okutulan derslerle öğrencilerde sağlanması öngörülen davranış değişiklikleri bilişsel davranışlarla sınırlı değildir. Bu dönemde aile ve öğretmen tutumları çocuğun okul döneminde başarılı olması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Okul başarısı ise öğrencinin bulunduğu okul, sınıf ve derse göre belirlenmiş sonuçlara ulaşmada göstermiş olduğu ilerlemedir. Ancak başarı sadece akademik başarı ile sınıflandırılamaz, bilgi ve beceri gibi bilişsel davranışlar kadar, ilgiler, kişilik özellikleri ve tutumlar gibi bilişsel olmayan davranışları da içerir. Başarısızlık kavramı ise daha çok çocuğun ya da gencin uzun süreli (bir eğitim öğretim döneminden daha uzun süre) hemen her dersten, gelişim düzeyinin ve yeteneklerinin altında başarı göstermesi ve bu başarısızlığı bir türlü telafi edememesi durumu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Okul başarısı için zihinsel olgunluk tek başına yeterli değildir. Duygusal olarak henüz olgunlaşmamış çocuklar, kendilerine bir hedef koymada güçlük çekerler ya da okul ortamının gerektirdiği sosyal becerileri edinemedikleri için okulda bulunmaktan zevk almazlar. Etkili okul, birey ve toplumun eğitim-öğretim isteklerini en üst düzeyde gerçekleştiren öğrenci merkezli çağdaş bir eğitim-öğretim kurumudur. Eğitim-öğretim süreci ve ortamı boyutları etkili okulun önemli boyutlarındandır. Bu bildiride, Sorgun ilçe merkezinde MEB okullarında öğrenim gören ilköğretim ve orta öğretim öğrencilerinin, okul başarısızlıklarının nedenleri araştırılmıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Akademik başarı, başarısızlık, istendik davranış, yetenek, rehberlik, bilişsel, duyuşsal ve psiko-motor davranış.
Çalışmanın Türü: Survey araştırma.

Abstract
"An Appraisal On The Reasons Of School Failure: Sorgun Sample"
The main objective of education training and activities is to make the students change their terminal behaviour. It is very important to reveal that what kind of behaviors of students are changed in the field of educational purposes and what are the basic elements which effect students’ success (failure). Usually, academic success refers to the behavior change in all program fields, except the student’s psycho-motor and affective development. On the other hand, academic failure is defined as the difference between the observed performance of students and predicted performance. However, the envisaged behavioral changes which are provided for students with courses at the school, are not limited with cognitive behavior. During this period, parents ‘and teachers’ attitudes are important for the child to be successful in the school. The school success is the progress to reach to results which are determined by the school where the student goes, class and courses. Nevertheless, success cannot be classified only with academic achievement; it includes not only cognitive behavior such as knowledge and skills, but also non-cognitive behaviors such as interests, personal characteristics and attitudes. Failure concept is accepted as an underachieving of the child or youth during long-term (longer than one academic period) in almost every courses and it is the situation that student does never make up this failure. Mental maturity is not enough alone for school success. The children, who are emotionally immature, have difficulties to set a goal for themselves or these students do not get pleasure being in the school because of not having the social skills in the school environment. Effective school is a contemporary and student centered education organization which has realized the education demands of individual and society in the highest level. Educational process and medium are important dimensions of effective school. In this handout, the reasons of the school failure are researched on the students who are in the primary and secondary school, in Sorgun county town.
Key words: Academic success, failure, desired behavior, ability, cognitive, guidance, effective and psycho-motor behavior.
Research type: Survey research.

This study exploits a unique policy environment and a large panel dataset to evaluate the impact of school crowding on student achievement in Wake County, NC. We also estimate the effects of two education policy initiatives that are often used to address crowding: multi-track year-round calendars and mobile classrooms. We estimate a multi-level fixed effects model to identify effects that are not confounded by other school, family, and individual characteristics. Results suggest that severely crowded schools have a negative impact on reading achievement but have no discernable impact on math achievement. Both mobile classrooms and year-round calendars are found to have a small negative impact on achievement in the absence of crowding, but a positive impact in crowded schools, though these policies are only able to partially offset the negative impact of crowding.

There are similarities and differences in the concept of respect as it develops in American children and adolescents whose families came from Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and the Philippines. In addition, respect has different effects on adjustment, relationships, and achievement at home and at school, depending on whether cultural groups were primarily refugees or immigrants.

This research derives from the most recent wave of a longitudinal study of nearly 500 families in urban Philadelphia neighborhoods collected over a 9-year time span. Earlier findings revealed remarkable continuity in success trajectories from early to mid-adolescence despite hazards imposed by poor neighborhoods, low economic standing, and poor schooling opportunities. Despite this stability, qualitative interviews with the adolescents suggested a flattening scope of success and an increasing scope of failure and risk during the transition to adulthood for minority men. This paper describes the association between the youths ' performance in 1991 and their socioeconomic standing in 1999 for different race and gender subgroups. Findings from logistic regressions support the premonition of a growing racial divergence for minority men. The findings also suggest that early and late adolescent attributes do not mediate the effect of race on early adult success. The research highligh...

This study investigated the degree of agreement between adolescents' and parents' perceptions of the adolescent-parent relationship, and the links between these perceptions and adolescents' school achievement and personal autonomy. Questionnaires were completed by 353 adolescents attending an all-male, inner city, Catholic high school, and by their parents. The questionnaires assessed the parents' and adolescents' percepti,As of the closeness and amount of communication in their relationship, parents' knowledge of their son's activities, and the distribution of decision making in the family. Outcome measures were individuation, or parents' and sons' connectedness or separateness in their relationship; deviance, or the degree to which the sons had gotten into trouble at school; and sons' scholastic achievement. Results concerning individuation indicated that the more the sons perceived their relationship to their parents as constructive, the mo...

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A study of 401 Chicago State University (Illinois) undergraduate students in elementary Spanish courses investigated the relationship between students' completion of homework assignments, both brief and lengthy, and student achievement on five to six teacher-developed exams administered during the semester. The study spanned six semesters. Results show some statistically significant positive correlations between homework completion rates and test scores based on class level. It was also discovered that students in the Spanish 101 course were much less likely than students in the Spanish 102 course to complete their homework. Degree of difficulty of the courses is illustrated in the difference in median tests scores, which were lower in the second-semester group. No significant conclusion could be drawn about the relationship of race, homework completion, and test scores. Overall, it is concluded that students who complete homework achieve better test scores. A brief bibliography is included. (MSE)

The purpose of the current study is to determine the relationship between secondary and high school students' ecocentric, anthropocentric and antiphatic attitudes towards the environment and their academic achievement. The study was conducted with the participation of totally 854 students attending secondary and high schools in the city of Aksaray in the spring term of 2013-2014 school year. In the collection of the data, " Ecocentric, Anthropocentric and Antipathic Environmental Attitude Scale " developed by Thompson and Barton (1994) and adapted to Turkish by Erten (2007) was used. In the analysis of the data, one-way variance analysis and Pearson Correlation analysis were conducted. At the end of the study, a significant difference was found in the ecocentric attitude mean scores of the secondary school students in favor of the students having higher academic achievement (F=3.161; p<.05) and a significant difference was found in the antipathic attitude scores of the students in favor of those having lower academic achievement (F=14.700; p<.001). No significant difference based on the students' academic achievement was found in the students' anthropocentric attitude scores

Background: Approximately 55,000 children in New Zealand do not eat breakfast on any given day. Regular breakfast skipping has been associated with poor diets, higher body mass index, and adverse effects on children's behaviour and academic performance. Research suggests that regular breakfast consumption can improve academic performance, nutrition and behaviour. This paper describes the protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial of a free school breakfast programme. The aim of the trial is to determine the effects of the breakfast intervention on school attendance, achievement, psychosocial function, dietary habits and food security. Methods/Design: Sixteen primary schools in the North Island of New Zealand will be randomised in a sequential stepped wedge design to a free before-school breakfast programme consisting of non-sugar coated breakfast cereal, milk products, and/or toast and spreads. Four hundred children aged 5-13 years (approximately 25 per school) will be recruited. Data collection will be undertaken once each school term over the 2010 school year (February to December). The primary trial outcome is school attendance, defined as the proportion of students achieving an attendance rate of 95% or higher. Secondary outcomes are academic achievement (literacy, numeracy, self-reported grades), sense of belonging at school, psychosocial function, dietary habits, and food security. A concurrent process evaluation seeks information on parents', schools' and providers' perspectives of the breakfast programme.

Debate about teacher supply, demand, retention, and attrition has been renewed in recent years by an increased concern about the reduced numbers of prospective teachers entering teacher education programs, the high attrition rate of beginning teachers, and the resulting teacher shortages. U.S. schools are experiencing teacher shortages, especially in low-income urban areas, because of increased school enrollment, teacher retirement, reduction in class size, teacher attrition, and turnover related to low salaries, job dissatisfaction, and lack of administrative support and influence over decision-making. Recently, the increased interest in teacher quality has been the topic of debate for policy-makers, the public, and the educational community. The purpose of this study was to determine if a nontraditional teacher preparation program, the Transition To Teaching program, was a viable way to ease the teacher shortages in a high poverty, urban U.S. school district, and at the same time, to evaluate the impact of teacher training on students' academic achievement. The results of this study afford evidence that the students taught by 1st-year, alternatively prepared teachers achieved as well as or better than their peers taught by traditionally certified 1st-year teachers, according to student achievement in mathematics, specifically Algebra I.

This study analyzed what graduate student assistants believed they needed to persevere and graduate. Most participants were graduate students serving assistantships at the University of Alabama in 1998. The Graduate Student Services Survey was mailed to 1,150 students, and 144 responded. The survey collected information on demographics, employment status, time spent on campus, involvement in the Graduate Student Association, interest in resources for graduate students, preferred form of communication, and interest in workshops, research expositions, and social activities. Data analysis indicated that most of the students were employed. Most did not feel a need for tutoring. About 30 percent desired to attend workshops on thesis and dissertation writing, computer training, writing a vita or resume, grant writing, and financial aid. About half of the students were interested in research expositions, conferences, and forums where their research could be presented. About 35 percent were...

The impact of class size on student achievement remains an open question despite hundreds of empirical studies and the perception amongst parents, teachers, and policymakers that larger classes are a significant detriment to student development. This study sheds new light on this ambiguity by utilizing nonparametric tests for stochastic dominance to analyze unconditional and conditional test score distributions across students facing different class sizes. Analyzing the conditional distributions of test scores (purged of observables using class-size specific returns), we find that there is little causal effect of marginal reductions in class size on test scores within the range of 20 or more students. However, reductions in class size from above 20 students to below 20 students, as well as marginal reductions in classes with fewer than 20 students, increase test scores for students below the median, but decrease test scores above the median. This non-uniform impact of class size suggests that compensatory school policies, whereby lower-performing students are placed in smaller classes and higher-performing students are placed in larger classes, improves the academic achievement of not just the lower-performing students, but also the higher-performing students.

Cultural differences in the amount of time spent on homework and in beliefs and attitudes about homework were investigated through interviews with more than 3,500 elementary school children, their mothers, and their teachers. The children lived in 5 cities: Beijing, Chicago, Minneapolis, Sendai (Japan), and Taipei. Chinese children were assigned more homework and spent more time on homework than Japanese children, who in turn were assigned more and spent more time on homework than American children. Chinese children also received more help from family members with their homework than did American and Japanese children. Chinese children were found to have more positive attitudes about homework than American children; Japanese children's attitudes were between those of the Chinese and American children. Relations between amount of time spent on homework by children, amount of time parents spent assisting their children with homework, and children's achievement were also explored. The views of both parents and teachers about the value of homework are discussed.

The contents of this document were developed under a grant from the United States Department of Education (PR/Award Number R306S000012). The contents, however, do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.

As an educational intervention, academic acceleration is decidedly effective for high-ability students. The research support for acceleration that has accumulated over many decades is robust and consistent and allows us to confidently state that carefully planned acceleration decisions are successful. Both grade-based and content-based acceleration are effective interventions in academic and social-emotional domains for high-ability students. Grade-accelerated students generally outperform their chronologically older classmates academically, and both groups show approximately equal levels of social and emotional adjustment. Accelerated students should be expected to achieve, relative to their new grade peers, at a high level that is generally comparable to their performance in the previous grade. Such students are typically among the top 10% in a class, and they should be expected to remain in the top 10% throughout their academic careers. To be clear, there is no evidence that acce...

THIS QUALITATIVE STUDY EMPLOYED a constructivist, case study approach to explore how faculty made meaning of their experiences in a newly developed residential college at a large, land-grant research university in the Midwest. Findings revealed that faculty focused on determining how to prioritize the numerous opportunities for involvement while also working to define their unconventional roles as teaching-focused faculty at a research-extensive university. In reflecting on their first few months in the residential college, faculty discussed their appreciation of the collegiality of their peers. Finally, they described their role as collaborators with other faculty as they continued to lay the foundation for the residential college. Implications for student affairs educators and particularly academic-student affairs collaboration are discussed.

Revoicing" by teachers in classroom group conversations creates participant frameworks that facilitate students' "alignment" with academic tasks and their socialization to roles and iden tities in intellectual discourse. Three examples demonstrate the potential of "revoicing" to: (1) position students in differing alignments with propositions and allow them to claim or disclaim ownership of their position; (2) share reformulations in ways that credit students with teachers' warranted inferences; (3) scaffold and recast problem-solution strategies of non-native-language students.

ABSTRACT Children with motor difficulties are a very varied group. In order to target interventions more effectively researchers have attempted to identify specific sub‐groups; however, attempts to identify sub‐groups and provide interventions accordingly have met with limited success. Currently interventions can be classified into two main types, namely, general abilities and normative functional approaches. The current study outlines the Manchester Motor Skills Programme (MMSP), which adopts a normative functional approach and has been developed jointly by educational psychologists (EPs), specialist teachers and schools. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the MMSP a quasi‐experimental repeated measures study was undertaken involving 24 children. The quasi‐experimental study yielded a medium effect size, which is a promising result for a naturalistic intervention. Methodological limitations and areas of future research are considered and identified.

1150 Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 202 .862.5800 www.aei.org We should know by now that chronically failing schools cannot be fixed or turned around without improving school districts. Yet for years, education reform has focused on simple, isolated reform elements such as changing reading programs, focusing singularly on teachers, or redesigning individual schools. One of the largest school-design experiments was the federally funded Comprehensive School Reform (CSR) program created in 2001 to improve all aspects of operations in more than 2,000 schools. After five years of implementation, an evaluation of the $235 million program concluded that it yielded only sporadic improvements in student achievement. School-level and single-focus reforms fail because they do not acknowledge the importance of the larger system in supporting and creating capacity for its lowest-performing schools to Scaling Turnaround: A District-Improvement Approach

Two self-report measures of technology integration are introduced along with a formal model illustrating their utility as outcome measures for level of technology infusion in classroom environments. Findings from two Texas studies involving: (1) more than 500 teachers from a large metropolitan school district; and (2) technology expenditures from a random sample of 100 Texas school districts illustrate that: technology integration as measured by Stage of Adoption can be predicted with high accuracy based on secondary school teachers' self-reported will, skill, and access to technology tools; higher classroom technology integration as measured by Concerns-Based Adoption Model Level of Use is positively associated with higher average elementary school classroom scores in Iowa Test of Basic Skills Vocabulary, Reading, and Writing; and average school district Scholastic Aptitude Test scores can be reasonably well predicted based on knowledge of district level technology expenditures. The paper proposes that the Will, Skill, Tool Model of Technology Integration warrants further testing in additional large-scale studies. (Author/SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.

Even though marks in different subjects are substantially correlated, the corresponding self-concepts often display a very weak association. The ''InternaleExternal Frame of Reference Model'' (I/E-model; Marsh, H. W. (1986). Verbal and math self-concepts: an internal/external frame of reference model. American Educational Research Journal, 23, 129e149) explains this finding: social comparisons (resulting in positive correlations of the self-concepts) and dimensional comparisons (resulting in negative correlations of the self-concepts) are confounded. A rarely tested hypothesis derived from the I/E-model is that the dimensional comparison process only affects the self-concepts, if the students achieve differently in the corresponding subjects. In a sample of N Z 1508 students (grades 7 and 8), low correlations of the self-concepts for four subjects could be observed only in students displaying different school-marks in the corresponding subjects. In students who have the same marks in different subjects, the self-concepts showed a substantial positive correlation.

Regional accrediting bodies require evidence that higher education institutions are meeting their stated goals. Institutions have answered this call for accountability by assessing student learning. Managing change in order to implement assessment practices is a challenge, however, particularly when autonomy, academic freedom, and shared governance are involved. Leadership theories offer practical strategies for administrators instituting assessment-related change. Using these theories as a guide, this article provides suggestions for leading assessment initiatives, garnering faculty support, and establishing a culture of assessment. The suggestions are organized around a four-frame model based on the premise that leaders must consider multiple perspectives to be successful.

Jeon Yohan. 2017. 3. 31. A study on the effects of Korean language competence on academic achievements in international students: focusing on the mediating path analysis among the learning variables. Bilingual Research 66, 131-158. This study aims to analyse a correlation between Korean language competence and academic achievements of international students through the mediation analysis using the variables such as 'comprehension of lectures', 'learning attitudes', 'class satisfaction', and 'assessment system'. This study found that Korean language competence has a relatively strong correlation with academic achievements, and that there is a mediating path through which Korean language competence give a mediating effect to 'comprehension of lectures' and 'learning attitudes', finally to 'academic achievements', meaning that the better proficiency of Korean language brings the better understanding of the class lectures, which ushers foreign students into the higher academic achievements. These findings suggest us that we should encourage foreign students to continue with the leveled up degree because it will both advance the degree of learning attitudes and in return lead towards better academic achievements, and that we should not set back by only focusing on the development of Korean proficiency. This study shows that lowering the Korean language competence standards for international students would not be reasonable. This study leads to the conclusion that college admission officers are required to increase the entrance level of Korean language competence to allow international * 이 논문은 2016년 담화인지언어학회 가을 정기 학술대회에서 발표한 내용을 깁고 다듬은 것이다.

Resumen: En este artículo se analiza la relación entre la realización de deberes escolares y el rendimiento académico en una muestra de estudiantes de los tres últimos cursos de Educación Primaria. Las variables vinculadas con la implicación de los alumnos en los deberes escolares fueron el número de deberes realizados, el tiempo dedicado a los deberes y el aprovechamiento del tiempo dedicado a los deberes; mientras que el rendimiento académico fue estimado en base a las notas en matemáticas y lengua extranjera (inglés). Se ha tenido en cuenta el posible efecto del curso y del género a la hora de calcular el nivel predictivo de las variables relativas a los deberes sobre el rendimiento académico. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la cantidad de deberes realizados de los prescritos y el aprovechamiento del tiempo predicen positiva y significativamente el rendimiento académico en ambas asignaturas, mientras que la cantidad de tiempo dedicado a la realización de los deberes no es relevante. Finalmente, mientras que el género no resultó significativo en la predicción del rendimiento académico, el curso sí predijo negativamente el rendimiento en matemáticas: a medida que se asciende de curso el rendimiento en matemáticas tiende a disminuir. Palabras clave: Deberes escolares; implicación en los deberes escolares; rendimiento académico; educación primaria.

This study examines the female postsecondary advantage in matriculation among Hispanic and white youth with the goal of exploring whether social capital, in addition to academic performance and orientation, function similarly to help explain females' higher likelihood of college attendance for each group. Utilizing data from the Texas Higher Education Opportunity Project (THEOP), results indicate that girls' higher academic performance in high school is an important factor behind their subsequent gender advantage in 4-year college attendance, particularly for Hispanic students. Additionally, compared to their co-ethnic male peers, Hispanic and white girls have greater levels of social capital, such as more academically-focused friendship groups in high school, that are associated with higher rates of college attendance. However, girls' greater frequency of discussion with high school counselors about college appears to contribute to the female advantage in matriculation only for Hispanic students. For both groups, the analyses suggest that all of the factors considered explain substantially less of the female advantage in 2-year college matriculation than they do for the female advantage in 4-year matriculation. In general, the results underscore the need for more research considering the complex processes through which gender and race/ethnicity intersect in shaping individuals' paths to college.

This study examined demographic, behavioral, and academic contributors to inner-city children's grade retention prior to third grade and at the end of the fifth year of school. Subjects were 138 children who were enrolled in 63 public schools in Washington D.C. Prior to entering first grade, all children, 96 percent of whom were African American, had attended both prekindergarten and kindergarten. Measures included assessments of children's academic progress, children's behavioral and social development, parental involvement during children's first 3 years in school, the nature of children's prekindergarten and kindergarten experiences, and demographic information. Results, based on 66% of the original sample, indicated that relationships existed between children's reading and language skills in first grade and their grade retention prior to third grade; between their parents' involvement in their education during kindergarten and their grade retention prior to third grade; and between their verbal performance during their fifth year in school and their grade retention at the end of their fifth year in school. Three tables are included. (BC)