3D computer graphics

Human Interaction in meetings is one of the famous fields of social dynamics. Meeting is integral part of every organization. In this, meeting outcome is extracted using tree based approach. Meetings contents or conversation are available in forms such as audio, video and text. In this, pattern of meeting is extracted from text document. An interaction is represented in the form of tree. Meeting Output is generated using data mining technique. Firstly the contents are filtered, extracted and steamed. Secondly classification is done into six categories propose, comment, acknowledgement, request Info, ask Opinion, pos Opinion, and neg Opinion. Next the interaction tree is constructed which represent the interaction flow of meeting. Finally the meeting output is generated from interaction tree using frequent pattern mining algorithm. The behavior of person is determined which includes a person who proposed a lot of ideas, a person with positive or negative attitude.

What is 3D graphics? How is it used in the arts, work and entertainment environments? This book does an all round analysis of 3D graphics, providing an historical overview from its inception till today including its usage in video games, animated movies, VFX, advertisement and much more, and examining the pipeline and the software used in the creation of computer graphics contents. To support the research, several interviews to Italian professionals of the field are included, with the aim of summing up the current situation of the Italian market and to provide an introductory guide to whom wants to start a career in this field.

Version Control System (VCS) techniques for managing the creation of 3D computer generated models exist for static 3D models, however, there are no solutions for revision control of the animation data from animated 3D models. A precondition for any type of VCS is the ability to compare two versions of an item, to identify the differences between them and to combine these. To this end, we propose a novel 3-way difference, merging and conflict resolution technique for 3D animation data.

Uzun yıllar süren profesyonel öğrencilik hayatı (halen aynı bölümde yüksek lisansına devam etmektedir.) dışında, serbest zamanlı peyzaj mimarlığı ve görsel sunum hizmetleri vermektedir. Ulusal çapta pek çok kentsel tasarım yarışmasında çalışmaları katıldığı ekiplerle birlikte ödül almıştır. 5 yıldır Bilgisayar Destekli Tasarım ve Bilgisayar Gra kleri üzerine ders vermektedir. Kişisel çalışmalarına adresinden ulaşılabilir.

We are of an era in which digital technology now enhances the method and practice of archaeology. In our rush to embrace these technological advances however, Virtual Archaeology has become a practice to visualize the archaeological record, yet it is still searching for its methodological and theoretical base. I submit that Virtual Archaeology is the digital making and interrogating of the archaeological unknown. By wayfaring means, through the synergy of the maker, digital tools and material, archaeologists make meaning of the archaeological record by engaging the known archaeological data with the crafting of new knowledge by multimodal reflection and the tacking and cabling of archaeological knowledge within the virtual space. This paper addresses through the 3D (re)imagination of a 16th century pre-contact Iroquoian longhouse, by community paradata blogging and participatory research, how archaeologists negotiate meaning-making through the use of presence and phenomenology while also addressing the foundations of the London Charter: namely agency, authority, authenticity and transparency when virtually representing constructed archaeological knowledge. Through the use of Ontario Late Woodland longhouse excavation archaeological data, archaeological literature, historical accounts and linguistic research in combination with 3D animation and visual effects production methodologies, and engaging this mental construction made real in virtual reality by deploying these assets in a real-time gaming and head mounted immersive digital platform, archaeologists can interact, visualize and interrogate archaeological norms, constructs and notions. I advocate that by using Virtual Archaeology, archaeologists build meaning by making within 3D space, and by deploying these 3D assets within a real-time, immersive platform they are able to readily negotiate the past in the present.

Ο Μηχανισμός των Αντικυθήρων αποτελεί χαρακτηριστικό αντικείμενο της παγκόσμιας Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς. Εκτίθεται σε απολιθωμένη κατάσταση στο Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο της Αθήνας, γεγονός το οποίο δυσχεραίνει την έρευνά του. Αποτελεί διεπιστημονικό αντικείμενο μελέτης, η οποία έχει ενταθεί τα τελευταία χρόνια. Τα αποτελέ-σματα των μελετών ωστόσο, χρησιμοποιούνται, κατά κύριο λόγο για την ανατροφοδότηση της έρευνας, μεταξύ των μελών της επιστημονικής κοινότητας.
Στην παρούσα έρευνα επιχειρείται η επικοινωνία των λειτουργιών του Μηχανισμού των Αντικυθήρων με το κοινό, το οποίο θα συμμετέχει σε εκπαιδευτικό πρόγραμμα ενηλίκων. Βασίζεται σε προγράμματα, τα οποία έχουν ήδη εκτελεστεί, με τη διαφορά ότι το συγκεκριμένο σχεδιάστηκε σύμφωνα με τις αρχές, που διέπουν την Εκπαίδευση Ενηλίκων. Οι συμμετέχοντες του προγράμματος προέρχονται από διαφορετικά επιστημονικά πεδία, όπως της Αστροφυσικής, της Αρχαιολογίας, της Μηχανολογίας, της Πληροφορικής, με σκοπό την ενίσχυση της δυναμικής της ομάδας των εκπαιδευομένων. Τα τρισδιάστατα γραφικά και το εικονικό περιβάλλον παιχνιδομηχανής αποτελούν ταυτόχρονα γνωστικά αντικείμενα, καθώς και εποπτικά μέσα. Η εκμάθηση εξειδικευμένου πακέτου λογισμικού βοηθάει τους συμμετέχοντες να ερευνήσουν τα δεδομένα, τα οποία έχουν προκύψει από το διεθνές πρόγραμμα μελέτης για τον πρώτο αναλογικό υπολογιστή.
Τα τρισδιάστατα γραφικά και η ενσωμάτωσή τους σε εικονικό περιβάλλον παιχνιδομηχανής επιτρέπει τη χρήση του Μηχανισμού από το κοινό και μάλιστα στο αρχικό πλαίσιο χρήσης του. Σε ένα εικονικό περιβάλλον ο παίκτης μπορεί να κάνει χρήση του Μηχανισμού των Αντικυθήρων για την επίλυση προβλημάτων, ώστε να κατανοήσει τις λειτουργίες του και τα φυσικά φαινόμενα, τα οποία γνωρίζουμε ότι αποτυπώνονταν στα γρανάζια του. Για την ενίσχυση της γνωστικής επίγνωσης, της συναισθηματικής εμπλοκής και του κινήτρου για συμμετοχή στη μαθησιακή διαδικασία, χρησιμοποιείται εικονικό περιβάλλον παιχνιδομηχανής, δεδομένου του υψηλού βαθμού διάδρασης που προσφέρει.
Η παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή εργασία θα χρησιμοποιηθεί ως αναφορά για μελλοντικές έρευνες, οι οποίες θα διενεργηθούν στα επιστημονικά πεδία της εκπαίδευσης ενηλίκων, της εικονικής πραγματικότητας, της έρευνας του Μηχανισμού των Αντικυθήρων, και των νέων τεχνολογιών για την ανάδειξη της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς.

La réalisation d'une carte archéologique de Thèbes-Ouest (Louqsor, Egypte) pour le compte du Ministère des Antiquités de l'Égypte a nécessité l'élaboration d'un modèle topographique 3D de cette vaste zone archéologique. Outre les techniques habituelles d'interpolation d'isohypse et d'extraction de Modèles Numériques de Terrains à partir d'imagerie satellite, une large part a été accordée à l'application des récentes méthodes de Structure from Motion sur les vastes collections de photographies aériennes (par montgolfière) et terrestres qui ont été spécialement constituées à cet effet. Au final, le modèle topographique, en véritable 3D et non plus seulement en 2.5D, offre de nouvelles perspectives d'analyses aussi bien à l'échelle d'un environnement qu'à l'échelle d'un monument.
Alban-Brice Pimpaud a été en charge de la carte archéologique de Thèbes-Ouest, pour le compte du Ministère d'État des Antiquités (GIS Center) et du Ministère français des Affaires Etrangères et Européennes / Mission archéologique française de Thèbes-Ouest.

Computer-aided technologies (CAx) mean the use of computer technology to aid in the design, analysis and manufacture various products. International Journal of Computer-Aided technologies (IJCAx)  is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Computer Aided technologies such as CAD, CAM, CAIM,CAR, CARD, CASE etc. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Computer Aided technologies. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced CAx tools and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in all Computer Aided technologies

In this paper, we address the challenges of applying three-dimensional virtual worlds for learning. Despite the numerous positive conclusions, this technology is far from becoming mainstream in education. The most common problems with applying it in everyday teaching and learning are steep learning curve and demand for computational and network resources. In order to address these problems, we developed a stream processors texture generation model for displaying educational content in 3D virtual worlds. The model suggests conducting image-processing tasks on stream processors in order to reduce the load on CPU. It allows designing convenient and sophisticated tools for collaborative work with graphics inside a 3D environment. Such tools simplify the use of a 3D virtual environment, and therefore, improve the negative learning curve effect. We present the methods of generating images based on the suggested model, the design and implementation of a set of tools for collaborative work with 2D graphical content in vAcademia virtual world. In addition, we provide the evaluation of the suggested model based on a series of tests which we applied to the whole system and specific algorithms. We also present the initial result of user evaluation.

Automatic image annotation has emerged as an important research topic due to its potential application on both image understanding and web image search. This paper presents a model, which integrates visual topics and regional contexts to automatic image annotation. Regional contexts model the relationship between the regions, while visual topics provide the global distribution of topics over an image. Previous image annotation methods neglected the relationship between the regions in an image, while these regions are exactly explanation of the image semantics, therefore considering the relationship between them are helpful to annotate the images. Regional contexts and visual topics are learned by PLSA (Probability Latent Semantic Analysis) from the training data. The proposed model incorporates these two types of information by MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) approach based on WSM (Weighted Sum Method). Experiments conducted on the 5k Corel dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

In this paper, we present a neural-network learning scheme for face reconstruction. This scheme, which we called as Smooth Projected Polygon Representation Neural Network (SPPRNN), is able to successively refine the polygon's vertices parameter of an initial 3D shape based on depth-maps of several calibrated images taken from multiple views. The depth-maps, which are obtained by deploying Tsai-Shah shape-from-shading (SFS) algorithm, can be considered as partial 3D shapes of the face to be reconstructed. The reconstruction is finalized by mapping the texture of face images to the initial 3D shape. There are three interesting issues investigated in this paper concerning the effectiveness of this scheme. First, how effective the SFS provides partial 3D shapes compared to if we simply used 2D images. Secondly, how essential a smooth projected polygonal model is needed in order to approximate the face structure and enhance the convergence rate of this scheme. Thirdly, how an appropriate initial 3D shape should be selected and used in order to improve model resolution and learning stability. By carefully addressing those three issues, it was shown from our experiment that a compact and realistic 3D model of human (mannequin) face could be obtained. This result is ensured through quantitative measurement of average pixel-error and vertex-error between generated model and actual 3D data obtained by 3D scanner device.

The process of animating a complex 3D character can be a time consuming activity which may take several iterations and several artists working in collaboration, each iteration improving some elements of the animation but potentially introducing artifacts in others. At present there exists no formal process to collate these various revisions in a manner that allows for close examination of their differences, which would help speed up the creation of 3D animations. To address this we present a method for equivalence checking and displaying differences between differing versions of an animated 3D model. Implemented in a tool that allows selective blending of animations, this provides a first step towards a 3D animation revision control system.

The increasing accuracy of sensors used for capturing human faces together with advances in computer graphics and vision have had a great impact on the quality of images that are being admitted for forensic examinations. Matching image-based forensic evidence from crime scenes (surveillance videos) with suspects (mug shots, ID photographs) is known to be highly dependent on the image quality, optical distortion, perpetrator’s head position or disguise. Therefore, in many forensic cases automatic computer-aided systems for facial recognition are of little use as they fail to provide positive (i.e., to identify a person), but also negative (i.e., to eliminate a person) results. Currently, new development in 3D technologies has offered solutions to overcome these key limits by allowing 2D to 3D and 3D to 3D digital record matching.
Despite that fact that 3D video surveillance systems are being developed and are expected to be widespread in the near future so far there has not been sufficient scientific evidence on how accurate and reliable it is to utilize three-dimensional records of human face for the purpose of forensic identification or whether matching 3D digital evidence meets legal requirements that demand the use of quantifiable scientific methods with known error rates. 3D human faces are generally captured by a variety of in-lab equipment – laser or stereophotogrammetry-based devices, which eventually generate plain or textured photorealistic 3D meshes. Processing and matching two or multiple 3D surface meshes is a challenging task which requires a proper alignment algorithm together with numerical and visual representations. There is a number of existing algorithms and metrics, such the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) for aligning two surface datasets or Haussdorff distances for quantifying actual distances between two aligned meshes. In addition, surface-based visualization technique is commonly performed using colormaps and scalar fields.
In the present paper we tested the currently available algorithms for matching 3D faces using a dataset sampled from a large database of high resolution 3D scans - the 3D Virtual Model Database of Human Faces. Established at authors’ home institution and in a stripped version available throughout the project web site the database contains approximately 2,000 scans acquired for a variety of reasons - studies of individual and age-related human variation, growth and development studies, parent-to-offspring resemblance etc. Specifically, it contains both sub-adult and adult individuals scanned repeatedly under controlled and semi-controlled conditions as well as those composing a large reference sample of non-matching individuals at a population level.
To improve the matching process we modified available algorithms by introducing an iterative process of successive improvement of the average face sped up with KD-trees which allows a better alignment of 3D meshes when a multiple comparison is launched. The magnitude of dis/similarity among aligned meshes was expressed by signed and absolute Haussdorff distances, i.e., the greatest of all the distances from a vertex in reference mesh to the vertex in the compared one and further extended to incorporate vertex to polygon and inter-polygon distances.

Computer-aided technologies (CAx) mean the use of computer technology to aid in the design, analysis and manufacture various products. International Journal of Computer-Aided technologies (IJCAx)  is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Computer Aided technologies such as CAD, CAM, CAIM,CAR, CARD, CASE etc. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Computer Aided technologies. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced CAx tools and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in all Computer Aided technologies

This paper addresses the problem of reconstructing non- overlapping transparent and opaque surfaces from multiple view images. The reconstruction is attained through progressive refinement of an initial 3D shape by minimizing the error between the images of the object and the initial 3D shape. The challenge is to simultaneously reconstruct both the transparent and opaque surfaces given only a limited number of images. Any refinement methods can theoretically be applied if analytic relation between pixel value in the training images and vertices position of the initial 3D shape is known. This paper investigates such analytic relations for reconstructing opaque and transparent surfaces. The analytic relation for opaque surface follows diffuse reflection model, whereas for transparent surface follows ray tracing model. However, both relations can be converged for reconstruction both surfaces into texture mapping model. To improve the reconstruction results several strategies including regularization, hierarchical learning, and simulated annealing are investigated.

The advancement in the mobile devices, wireless and web technologies given rise to the new application that will make the voting process very easy and efficient. The E-voting promises the possibility of convenient, easy and safe way to capture and count the votes in an election[1]. This research project provides the specification and requirements for E-Voting using an Android platform. The e-voting means the voting process in election by using electronic device. The android platform is used to develop an e-voting application. At first, an introduction about the system is presented. Sections II and III describe all the concepts (survey, design and implementation) that would be used in this work. Finally, the proposed e-voting system will be presented. This technology helps the user to cast the vote without visiting the polling booth. The application follows proper authentication measures in order to avoid fraud voters using the system. Once the voting session is completed the results can be available within a fraction of seconds. All the candidates vote count is encrypted and stored in the database in order to avoid any attacks and disclosure of results by third person other than the administrator. Once the session is completed the admin can decrypt the vote count and publish results and can complete the voting process.

This paper presents a new neural network (NN) scheme for recovering three dimensional (3D) transparent surface. We view the transparent surface modeling, not as a separate problem, but as an extension of opaque surface modeling. The main insight of this work is we simulate transparency not only for generating visually realistic images, but for recovering the object shape. We construct a formulation of transparent surface modeling using ray tracing framework into our NN. We compared this ray tracing method, with a texture mapping method that simultaneously map the silhouette images and smooth shaded images (obtained form our NN), and textured images (obtained from the teacher image) to an initial 3D model. By minimizing the images error between the output images of our NN and the teacher images, observed in multiple views, we refine vertices position of the initial 3D model. We show that our NN can refine the initial D model obtained by polarization images and converge into more accurate surface.

e-SOLMS (e-Student-Oriented Learning Management System) was developed to raise students' awareness of their own roles in learning for skills needed to 'learn how to learn' or 'self-directed learning' as an important enabling skill before making the transition into tertiary education. e-SOLMS was planned, designed and developed to be deliverd via the Web and it contains lesson ideas which are stored in its repository of Reusable Learning Objects. This model incorporates Self-Directed Learning (SDL) as a personal attribute and a learning process and it also incorporate a third dimension ie. the learning context, to indicate the impact of environmental factors on SDL.