Design and Analysis of 360 Degree Turning Vehicle

The aim of this paper is to develop a zero turning vehicle. Instead of operating by gear system, we are using pneumatic system for operation of this vehicle. Replacing two wheel drive by four wheel drive makes more convenient for the vehicle to take the turn. Conventional steering involve either the Ackerman or Davis steering system which has major disadvantage that it can't take minimum radius turn. We try to solve the problem of turning radius by new concept of zero turning vehicle with mechanical linkages and pneumatic cylinders. The main purpose of this project is to reduce the turning radius and turning space by rotating at same place without leaving its centre of gravity. In this system, the wheels connected to the front axles are turned opposite to each other, and so are the wheels connected to the rear axle. The wheels on the on left half vehicle rotate in one direction and the ones on the right half of the vehicle. To overcome problem like vehicle maneuvering on narrow roads and during parking this system has been proposed.

2015

Modern development and economical progression of Indian society resulted in increase of cars on rods. Due to space constraints, car parking is the major problem faced in most parts of the country. Present study aims for development of a system to reduce the turning radius of a car. The indigenously developed system consists of Ackerman steering and various mechanism with arrangement of the various kinematics links. In this system at first vehicle is stopped and wheels are then turned in the required direction with the help of steering system. It has turning radius nearly equal to negligible of the length of car itself. This system can be useful in better parking, traffic jam, back turning on narrow roads, etc.

The aim of this paper is to foster a zero turning vehicle. Rather than working by gear framework, we are involving automatic framework for activity of this vehicle. Supplanting two wheel drives by four wheel drive makes more advantageous for the vehicle to proceed. Traditional controlling includes either the Ackerman or Davis directing framework which has significant weakness that it can't take least sweep turn. We attempt to take care of the issue of turning span by new idea of zero turning vehicles with mechanical linkages and automatic shifting. The primary reason for this venture is to lessen the turning sweep and turning space by pivoting at same spot without leaving its focal point of gravity. In this framework, the wheels associated with the front axles are gone inverse to each other, as are the wheels associated with the back hub. The wheels on the one left half vehicle pivot in one bearing and the ones on the right 50% of the vehicle. To conquer issue like vehicle moving on tight streets and during leaving this framework has been proposed.

International Journal of Analytical, Experimental and Finite Element Analysis, 2024

This vehicle has four directions of motion. This allows the car to be driven in tight spaces and around abrupt turns. Regular wheeled vehicles have numerous issues, such as parking. U-turn and much more, giving customers additional time. Thus, the purpose of a 360-degree wheel spinning vehicle is to minimize and completely eradicate issues that arise during material handling in various industries. This system can rotate 360 degrees since each of its four wheels has a stepper motor providing drive. To propel the vehicle in either direction or in reverse, there are four DC motor drives. An RF remote is used to regulate the growth of the 360-degree spinning vehicle mechanism. Therefore, in order to convey items larger than bags and from diverse views, we will utilize this 360-degree spinning device.

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 2020

Automobile segment makes new transformations day by day to make Automobiles improved, comfortable, secure & safe. This paper distinct one of the major innovative idea which is 4WS (4Wheel-Maneuvering System). In this time every Automobile is mostly using a 2-wheeled to manage maneuverability movement of the Automobile. Automobiles have to move through Small and slippery roads. Which is the major problem for the Automobile and drivers of the vehicle. i.e. slipping of tires & unsafe cornering. However, the risk of accidents is increases. But the desire output of the 2Wheel management the required is low compared to compared to the 4W Maneuvering systems commonly used Automobiles. This is employed to advance and smoothen the response in some Automobiles to improve maneuverability response, increase Automobile balance while moving at average speeds, to reduce turning radius at low speeds. The 4W maneuvering system is a great technology to take a part in an automotive design engineer to provide a smooth and better reception to the driver. In a regularly steered Automobile, only front wheels are capable of balanced cornering but in 4W Maneuvering both front and rear wheels will turn in opposite directions for cornering by this one can confidently can say that 4W Maneuvering will be helpful & safe for cornering. Also, the 4WS (4Wheel-Maneuvering System) will not only be helpful in cornering but in performing various Automobile parking actions, driving in strenuous conditions with heavy traffic in congested areas. It is difficult because of Automobile's larger wheelbase and track width. The 4WS will help in less turning radius. Commercial Automobiles will be more helpful in this Maneuvering system. Even so, this type of maneuvering system can be used in future Automobiles.

A new absolute eco-friendly vehicle with independent, low emission transportation possible for people who utilize wheelchair could definitely be an improvement in this system. For this, an eco-friendly vehicle, like an electric car which can steer through 90 degrees, thus reducing the turning radius with low efforts has to be defined. Automotive of present time does not have the ability to steer through 90 degrees. Such vehicles can help disabled people effectively. A lot of researches have been done on this field so as to implement this methodology but it has not yet been implemented. The idea is to use electric motors on any two diagonal wheels and a counter phase system implementation. The mechanism works at low speed only. The steering mechanism uses rack and pinion in defined gear ratios with the help of some bevel gears. The rear wheels are mounted in such a way that the power is transmitted even when it is being steered through 90 degrees. The vehicle is designed in such a way that it has facilities for disabled people to enter into and out of the vehicle without any external help. Even for people who depends fully on wheel chairs can easily enter the vehicle through the inclined passage provided at the rear side. Advantages of this system is that it can work in limited space and it reduces the time and effort for steering through 90 degrees thus making the system more flexible. It can be used for other applications such as parking, farm vehicles, trucks, forklifts etc.

Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering, 2019

The study is dedicated to increasing open pit trucks with electrical transmission maneuverability indices. The possibility of forced controllability usage of rear traction wheels of open pit truck with the electrical transmission, which enables them to carry out maneuvers with the usage of a forced additional turn is presented. For the first time, there has been worked out a mathematical model of the forced additional turn. It enables to determine a correlation of rotational speed ratio of rear traction wheels of starboard and port sides of the wheeled vehicle relative to a tire-to-surface friction coefficient. Firstly, the analytical dependences, which allow predicting the indices of open pit trucks maneuverability while using the forced additional turn are determined. The mathematical model adopted to appropriate truck's electric drive control algorithm can lead to trucks performance increasing by means of maneuvering time reducing.

In today's world due to Modern development and economical progression there is increase in number of cars on roads. Because of increase in number of cars, car parking is the major problem faced in most parts of the country. In a typical front wheel steering system the rear wheel do not turn in the direction of the curve. In situations like low speed cornering, vehicle parking and driving in city conditions with heavy traffic in tight spaces, high speed lane changing would be very difficult due to vehicle's larger wheelbase and track width which brings high inertia and traction into consideration. Due to this the efficiency of two wheel steering reduces. Hence there is a requirement of a mechanism which result in less turning radius and increase stability and it can be achieved by implementing four wheel steering mechanism instead of regular two wheel steering. Implementing 4WS allows the vehicle to turn in a significantly smaller radius, sometimes judgmental for large trucks or vehicles with trailers. 4-wheel steering is a system employed by some vehicles to improve steering response, increase vehicle stability while steering at high speed and to decrease turning radius at low speed. It also helpful in avoiding skidding as well as parking problems occurs in metro cities, highways and in rural areas.

Nowadays, the every vehicle existed mostly still using the two wheel steering system to control the movement of the vehicle whether it is front wheel drive, rear wheel drive or all wheel drive. But due to the awareness of safety, four wheel steering vehicles are being used increasingly due to high performance and stability that they bring to the vehicles. In this report, the performance of four wheels steered vehicle model is considered which is optimally controlled during a lane change maneuver in three type of condition which is low speed maneuver, medium speed maneuver and high speed maneuver. Four-Wheel Steering -Rear Wheels Control. For parking and low-speed maneuvers, the rear Wheel steer in the opposite direction of the front wheels, allowing much sharper turns. At higher speeds, the rest wheels steer in the same direction as the front wheels. The result is more stability and less body lean during fast lane changes and turns because the front wheels don't have to drag non-steering rear wheels onto the path.

The main objective of this project is to decrease the turning radius of the vehicle using four wheels symmetric steering system (4WS). The system being analyzed here is a mechanical linkage between the front and the rear axle with a rack and pinion steering system at both the ends. This mechanical system is studied by kinematic analysis of the steering system geometry and the turning radius is calculated for a vehicle with and without this four wheel symmetric steering. These measurements are compared to know the effect of the system on the vehicle in terms of the turning radius.