Use of Beneficial Microbes (Probiotics) in Aquaculture

2016

Fish a protein, vitamin rich and fat deficient diet is considered as a vital brain food. Aquaculture has emerged to provide nutritional and food security to people. The three Indian major carps, namely, catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) are the major contributor of Indian aquaculture production. The use of probiotics in aquaculture is becoming increasingly popular, microbial cells. Probiotics should be defined as live microbes which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Thus Probiotics are defined as live cells or substrates that provide benefits by stimulating growth and improving immune response. The review focuses on the use of Probiotics as prophylactic rather than therapeutic. Commercial production of Probiotics requires a consideration of safety issues.

Use ofprobiotics, the beneficial digestive bacteria, are well documented in human and animal nutrition. Bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Enteroccocus, Pedlococcus and Bacillus, m.icroscopic fungi and saccharomyces yeast have been widely used as probiotics. In aquaculture, the usage ofprobiotics is mainly confined to hatcheries of shrim.ps, bivalves and fishes. However, scientific studies are scanty on the use ofprobiotics in grow out systems offish/shnmps and even its benefits are debated. Contrary to the traditional use ofprobiotics as feed additives, it is used in aquaculture and production systems to mod^ the microbial population of the environment ultimately leading to better growth and survival of the targetted species. Even nonpathogenic strains of pathogenic bacteria are being used as probiotics in shrimp culture. Use of various brands of commercial probiotics have become a regularfarmir^ practice in shrimp culture in India, particularly after the mcyor viral disease outbreak in 1995. The paper reviews the use ofprobiotics in 'coastal aquaculture systems'.

International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2016

With the growing claim for environmentally pleasant aquaculture, the application of non-antibiotic eco-friendly agents such as probiotic which is being considered one most significant tool for health management in the field of aquaculture. Generally, probiotics are live micro-organisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host. These microorganisms are able to colonize and multiply in the intestine of the host and therefore show numerous beneficial effects by modulating various biological systems in the host. Probiotics or their secreted products found to use in aquaculture to control disease, and replace the use of chemotherapeutic agents. A large quantity of beneficial Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria, microalgae, and yeasts have been evaluated as probiotics in aquaculture. Probiotics application in poultry and swine rearing are well documented, while little has been concentrate to include them into aquaculture. This review pr...

International Research Journal of Microbiology (ISSN: 2141-5463), 2018

Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food producing agricultural sector in the world which has been constrained by several factors. Infectious disease is a key limitations to the sustainable development of aquaculture sector. This paper reviewed the application and efficiency of probiotic microorganisms in aquaculture to prevent infectious diseases and their effects on fish immunology. Information was collected from different secondary sources like journals, reports, articles and electronic media and arranged chronologically. The study reveals that, currently, many probiotic products extracted from different species of bacteria including Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Carnobacterium sp., Enterococcus sp. and a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are commercially available for use in aquaculture. Probiotics have gained popularity in aquaculture as an alternative to the antibiotic in the prevention of infectious diseases of fish because probiotics are eco-friendly. This review also shows that, probiotics have significant effect on growth rate, feed utilization capacity and the immune performance of finfish, shrimp, prawns and crabs in aquaculture. Probiotics are able to interfere with colonization of harmful pathogens and to improve the water quality through decomposition of uneaten food materials, nitrate and other organic materials.

Sift Desk Journals, 2020

Probiotic is a useful microorganism that directly or indirectly used to protect the host animal against pathogens. The bacterial pathogens are becoming more and more resistant to antimicrobial drugs, pesticides, and disinfectants that are used in aquatic disease control and high growth of production. For this reason, the probiotics study in aquaculture is a rising demand to ensure eco-friendly sustainable aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics. The advantages of such probiotics enhance feed value, enzymatic stimulation in the digestive system, and reverse habitat for pathogens, influence anti-mutagenic activity, and improved immune response. The research of probiotics in gut microbiota of aquatic animals has not characterized adequately, and their impact on the environment is not widely deliberated. The impact on enzyme activity related to the fish metabolism system should be well-identified by further study. The application and the bio-security of probiotics in fish should be properly evaluated. The farmer should have a brief knowledge about the probiotics organism and should be careful during applying to the culture field. Keywords: Application, aquaculture, bio-security, micro-organism, probiotics

ISRN Microbiology, 2012

The growth of aquaculture as an industry has accelerated over the past decades; this has resulted in environmental damages and low productivity of various crops. The need for increased disease resistance, growth of aquatic organisms, and feed efficiency has brought about the use of probiotics in aquaculture practices. The first application of probiotics occurred in 1986, to test their ability to increase growth of hydrobionts (organisms that live in water). Later, probiotics were used to improve water quality and control of bacterial infections. Nowadays, there is documented evidence that probiotics can improve the digestibility of nutrients, increase tolerance to stress, and encourage reproduction. Currently, there are commercial probiotic products prepared from various bacterial species such as Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Enterococcus sp., Carnobacterium sp., and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae among others, and their use is regulated by careful management recommendations....

Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms (especially fish) that has acquired a special position in the global economic and livelihood panorama. The importance of the fishery sector grows days by day as its demand increases for human consumption. Therefore several types of artificial feed are applied for accelerating the growth and increasing the production rate. Now-a-days, probiotics (live microorganisms) are used in aquaculture for increasing the disease resistance power and improving the water quality. This review article summarizes the use of different types of probiotics in the aquaculture sector.

Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms (especially fish) that has acquired a special position in the global economic and livelihood panorama. The importance of the fishery sector grows days by day as its demand increases for human consumption. Therefore several types of artificial feed are applied for accelerating the growth and increasing the production rate. Nowadays , probiotics (live microorganisms) are used in aquaculture for increasing the disease resistance power and improving the water quality. This review article summarizes the use of different types of probiotics in the aquaculture sector.

Aquaculture is one of the fastest emerging food producing sectors of the world. World aquaculture has immensely grown during the last few years as well as becoming an economically significant zone. However in this culture, aquatic organisms are subjected to stress condition that weakens fish immune system as well as increases the susceptibility to diseases. Thus, affects both economic development and socioeconomic status of the local people in many countries. Disease control in aquaculture industry has been achieved by following different methods using traditional ways, synthetic chemicals and antibiotics. Application of antimicrobial drugs and pesticides has steered to the evolution of resistant strains of bacteria. Therefore, alternative methods are much more essential to maintain a healthy microbial environment in the aquaculture systems. The present review summarizes and discusses the effects of probiotic, prebiotic or synbiotic administration on growth performance, stress tolerance, intestinal microbiota, immune response and health of aquatic organisms.

Microbiology and …, 2000

There is an urgent need in aquaculture to develop microbial control strategies, since disease outbreaks are recognized as important constraints to aquaculture production and trade and since the development of antibiotic resistance has become a matter of growing concern. One of the alternatives to antimicrobials in disease control could be the use of probiotic bacteria as microbial control agents. This review describes the state of the art of probiotic research in the culture of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and live food, with an evaluation of the results obtained so far. A new definition of probiotics, also applicable to aquatic environments, is proposed, and a detailed description is given of their possible modes of action, i.e., production of compounds that are inhibitory toward pathogens, competition with harmful microorganisms for nutrients and energy, competition with deleterious species for adhesion sites, enhancement of the immune response of the animal, improvement of water quality, and interaction with phytoplankton. A rationale is proposed for the multistep and multidisciplinary process required for the development of effective and safe probiotics for commercial application in aquaculture. Finally, directions for further research are discussed.

Aquaculture is emerging as one of the most promising sources for providing animal protein for the rapidly growing population. Over the years, the aquaculture industry has been affected by environmental damage, disease outbreak leading to low productivity of the aquatic species. Over the decade, different methods such as antibiotics, chemicals have been employed to sustain the aquaculture production. These methods infer a lot of disadvantages to the aquatic species. Alternative to these methods will be the use of probiotics. In this review, it highlights the use of probiotics in the aquaculture field, its mechanism, and also its application.

2018

One of the problems of the aquaculture industry is the presence of pathogenic microorganisms whose proliferation is enhanced when the healthy quality of the culture systems do not meet comply with physical-chemical-biological parameters. In order to improve these problems, less aggressive alternatives to the environment have been sought. This is why probiotic bacteria are proposed as an alternative to the same systems where they will be applied, since they generate greater interest in not presenting a threat to the ecosystem, favor survival, improve the immune system of organisms and have antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria. This chapter reviews current research related to the search for marine probiotics for application in the aquaculture industry. Additionally, we deliver results from our work related to the research and application of probiotics. The reported studies demonstrate the positive effects of marine bacteria for their aquaculture application. The eviden...

2015

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 2020

Background The diseases in fish and other economic aquatic species is a great concern, and every year it causes a huge loss in aquaculture sectors. The use of probiotics might be a good option to reduce the disease risk and to enhance the productivity. Methods We have gathered information from various important research and review articles related to fish diseases, probiotics, and gut microbial community. We have tried our level best to represent the up-to-date information in a concise manner. Results In this present review, we have demonstrated the various beneficial aspects of probiotics in aquaculture sectors. Probiotics are considered as novel functional agents that have potential implications in influencing the gut microbiota of any aquatic organism. Researchers have already documented that probiotics play a wide spectrum functions (such as decrease diseases and stress, enhance immunity, modulate gut microbiota, helps in nutrition, improve water quality, etc.) in host body. Fur...

Aquaculture, 1999

The research of probiotics for aquatic animals is increasing with the demand for environmentfriendly aquaculture. The probiotics were defined as live microbial feed supplements that improve health of man and terrestrial livestock. The gastrointestinal microbiota of fish and shellfish are peculiarly dependent on the external environment, due to the water flow passing through the digestive tract. Most bacterial cells are transient in the gut, with continuous intrusion of microbes coming from water and food. Some commercial products are referred to as probiotics, though they were designed to treat the rearing medium, not to supplement the diet. This extension of the probiotic concept is pertinent when the administered microbes survive in the gastrointestinal tract. Otherwise, more general terms are suggested, like biocontrol when the treatment is antagonistic to pathogens, or bioremediation when water quality is improved. However, the first probiotics tested in fish were commercial preparations devised for land animals. Though some effects were observed with such preparations, the survival of these bacteria was uncertain in aquatic environment. Most attempts to propose probiotics have been undertaken by isolating and selecting strains from aquatic environment. These microbes were Vibrionaceae, pseudomonads, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus spp. and yeasts. Three main characteristics have been searched in microbes as candidates Ž . to improve the health of their host. 1 The antagonism to pathogens was shown in vitro in most Ž . Ž . cases. 2 The colonization potential of some candidate probionts was also studied. 3 Challenge tests confirmed that some strains could increase the resistance to disease of their host. Many other beneficial effects may be expected from probiotics, e.g., competition with pathogens for nutrients or for adhesion sites, and stimulation of the immune system. The most promising prospects are sketched out, but considerable efforts of research will be necessary to develop the applications to aquaculture. q