Importance of Prebiotics in Aquaculture

Aquaculture is one of the fastest emerging food producing sectors of the world. World aquaculture has immensely grown during the last few years as well as becoming an economically significant zone. However in this culture, aquatic organisms are subjected to stress condition that weakens fish immune system as well as increases the susceptibility to diseases. Thus, affects both economic development and socioeconomic status of the local people in many countries. Disease control in aquaculture industry has been achieved by following different methods using traditional ways, synthetic chemicals and antibiotics. Application of antimicrobial drugs and pesticides has steered to the evolution of resistant strains of bacteria. Therefore, alternative methods are much more essential to maintain a healthy microbial environment in the aquaculture systems. The present review summarizes and discusses the effects of probiotic, prebiotic or synbiotic administration on growth performance, stress tolerance, intestinal microbiota, immune response and health of aquatic organisms.

Sift Desk Journals, 2020

Probiotic is a useful microorganism that directly or indirectly used to protect the host animal against pathogens. The bacterial pathogens are becoming more and more resistant to antimicrobial drugs, pesticides, and disinfectants that are used in aquatic disease control and high growth of production. For this reason, the probiotics study in aquaculture is a rising demand to ensure eco-friendly sustainable aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics. The advantages of such probiotics enhance feed value, enzymatic stimulation in the digestive system, and reverse habitat for pathogens, influence anti-mutagenic activity, and improved immune response. The research of probiotics in gut microbiota of aquatic animals has not characterized adequately, and their impact on the environment is not widely deliberated. The impact on enzyme activity related to the fish metabolism system should be well-identified by further study. The application and the bio-security of probiotics in fish should be properly evaluated. The farmer should have a brief knowledge about the probiotics organism and should be careful during applying to the culture field. Keywords: Application, aquaculture, bio-security, micro-organism, probiotics

Microorganisms linked to advantageous outcomes for the host are referred to as probiotics. Aquaculture has decreased the use of antibiotics due to environmental problems created by these agents such as antibioticresistant bacteria strains, which adversely affect other ecosystems (Okeke et al., 2022). The addition of antibiotics to the culture species eliminates pathogenic microorganisms and helpful microorganisms that are beneficial to the same organism. Consequently, accumulating these chemicals in organisms is not safe for human beings, who are the final consumers. Nowadays, there is a growing trend for people to consume 100% natural foods to live a healthier and longer life. Similarly, environmental care has been driven by countless regulations over time in a variety of environments. Probiotics have been studied for fish disease treatment for several

Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2015

Aquaculture, 2013

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2010

A prebiotic is a non-digestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or the activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon. Despite the potential benefits to health and performance as noted in various terrestrial animals, the use of prebiotics in the farming of fish and shellfish has been less investigated. The studies of prebiotics in fish and shellfish have investigated the following parameters: effect on growth, feed conversion, gut microbiota, cell damage/morphology, resistance against pathogenic bacteria and innate immune parameters such as alternative complement activity (ACH50), lysozyme activity, natural haemagglutination activity, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase activity and phagocytic activity. This review discusses the results from these studies and the methods used. If the use of prebiotics leads to health responses becoming more clearly manifested in fish and shellfish, then prebiotics might have the potential to increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production. However, large gaps of knowledge exist. To fully conclude on the effects of adding prebiotics in fish diets, more research efforts are needed to provide the aquaculture industry, the scientific community, the regulatory bodies and the general public with the necessary information and tools.

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2019

Aquaculture is an important aquatic food-producing sector to fulfill nutritional food demand of a continuously growing world population. However, diseases outbreak became a major issue in aquaculture which results in huge economic loss to the aquaculture sector. The use of expensive health care drugs for treatment have negative impacts on the aquaculture species and also on the environment. So there is a growing concern to find other safe, non-antibiotic based and eco-friendly alternative for the improvement of the health and treatment of the various diseases. The use of probiotics is a secure alternative approach for the control the infections, boost the immunity and treatment of diseases. The benefits of probiotics include improvement of improved digestion, stimulation of growth, boosting immune response and recuperate the soil and water quality. Probiotics supplements use via in water, soil and feed in the shrimp and fish farming to fight against various pathogens and improve the overall health as they show antibacterial, antifungal and anti-viral properties use of probiotics in aquaculture has become a recent trend.

Indian Journal of Microbiology, 2008

Aquaculture is one of the fastest developing growth sectors in the world and Asia presently contributes about 90% to the global production. However, disease outbreaks are constraint to aquaculture production thereby affects both economic development of the country and socio-economic status of the local people in many countries of Asia-Pacifi c region. Disease control in aquaculture industry has been achieved by following different methods using traditional ways, synthetic chemicals and antibiotics. However, the use of such expensive chemotherapeutants for controlling diseases has been widely criticized for their negative impacts like accumulation of residues, development of drug resistance, immunosuppressants and reduced consumer preference for aqua products treated with antibiotics and traditional methods are ineffective against controlling new diseases in large aquaculture systems. Therefore, alternative methods need to be developed to maintain a healthy microbial environment in the aquaculture systems there by to maintain the health of the cultured organisms. Use of probiotics is one of such method that is gaining importance in controlling potential pathogens. This review provides a summary of the criteria for the selection of the potential probiotics, their importance and future perspectives in aquaculture industry.

With the growing claim for environmentally pleasant aquaculture, the application of non-antibiotic eco-friendly agents such as probiotic which is being considered one most significant tool for health management in the field of aquaculture. Generally, probiotics are live microorganisms , which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host. These microorganisms are able to colonize and multiply in the intestine of the host and therefore show numerous beneficial effects by modulating various biological systems in the host. Probiotics or their secreted products found to use in aquaculture to control disease, and replace the use of chemotherapeutic agents. A large quantity of beneficial Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria, microalgae, and yeasts have been evaluated as probiotics in aquaculture. Probiotics application in poultry and swine rearing are well documented, while little has been concentrate to include them into aquaculture. This review pr...

2016

Fish a protein, vitamin rich and fat deficient diet is considered as a vital brain food. Aquaculture has emerged to provide nutritional and food security to people. The three Indian major carps, namely, catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) are the major contributor of Indian aquaculture production. The use of probiotics in aquaculture is becoming increasingly popular, microbial cells. Probiotics should be defined as live microbes which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Thus Probiotics are defined as live cells or substrates that provide benefits by stimulating growth and improving immune response. The review focuses on the use of Probiotics as prophylactic rather than therapeutic. Commercial production of Probiotics requires a consideration of safety issues.