Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
2009, 2009 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics
Real-time operating system (RTOS) is gaining increasing use not only in 32-bit systems but also in 16-bit systems. RTOS is different from generic OS by several unique characteristics and the use of RTOS in embedded system development proves to be more advantageous. In this paper, 9 RTOSes targeting smaller processors have been evaluated and four of the RTOSes have been selected for performance benchmarking on the same M16/62P microcontroller platform to avoid bias. Based on the comparison, the µTKernel RTOS is chosen for porting to the H8S/2377 16-bit microcontroller to demonstrate the ease of RTOS platform migration. The same version of µTKernel RTOS running on different platforms are then compared. Lastly, an application is developed with the RTOS to demonstrate the ease of multi-task application development on such microcontroller platform.
IEEE Micro, 2009
RTOS has gained popularity over the years in microcontroller/processor-based embedded system design. In this paper, we will discuss the important differences between RTOS and generic OS, the advantages and disadvantages of using RTOS for small microcontroller system development, and the benchmarking methods used for RTOS. Several RTOSes are studied and compared based upon numerous selection criteria, and four RTOSes are selected for performance benchmarking on the same microcontroller platform. For the purpose of performance benchmarking, a list of benchmarking criteria which is aimed to be simple and representative of typical RTOS usages are examined. The benchmarking results show that there is no clear winner and each RTOS performed well on certain criteria compared to others.
2014 International Conference on Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and Computing Technologies, 2014
The paper discusses the literature survey of RTOS (Real Time Operating Systems) and its contributions to the embedded world. RTOS is defined as a system in which the correctness of the system does not depend only on the logical results of computation but also on the time at which the results are produced. It has to perform critical tasks on priority basis keeping the context switching time minimum. It is often associated with few misconceptions & we have tried to throw some light on it. Since last 20 years, RTOS is undergoing continuous evolution and has resulted into development of many commercial RTOS products. We have selected few commercial RTOS of different categories of real-time applications and have discussed its real-time features. A comparison of the commercial RTOSs' is presented. We conclude by discussing the results of the survey and comparing the RTOS based on performance parameters.
2014
This paper describes about a compact and efficient Real Time Operating System (RTOS) based on AVR microcontrollers. By using RTOS, it can result to eliminate processor waiting time, without doing any applicable work. Lots of tasks can be run independently and simultaneously and due to this CPU's efficiency will be more than conventional systems. RTOS is preemptive and multitasking. The design has a small code size, good performance and low memory usage, as the design was implemented for AVR devices. Finally, practical algorithm with suitable circuit and ATmega32 is presented to test this information about the designed RTOS.
EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems, 2008
The rapid progress in processor and sensor technology combined with the expanding diversity of application fields is placing enormous demands on the facilities that an embedded operating system must provide.
IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 1998
Summary form only given. Embedded DSPs and CPUs are already commonplace in board-level systems and are becoming increasingly popular on systems-on-silicon. As embedded software grows in size and complexity, real-time operating systems [(RTOSs) are required to manage the embedded processor and ensure real-time response. This tutorial will introduce the attendee to real-time operating systems for embedded computing and their use in the design of embedded software. with both basic principles and advanced practice.
15th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, Proceedings, 2003
The ongoing revision of the POSIX.13 standard-real-time profiles for portable operating system interfaces-proposes adding new services to the Minimum Real-Time System Profile that are considered useful to the small embedded applications to which this profile is targeted. Concerns have been raised that these services may introduce too much overhead or may be difficult to implement. In this paper we evaluate the implementation of some of these new services in our MaRTE operating system. The implemented services are the monotonic clock, a high resolution sleep operation with specifiable clock, execution-time clock and timers, the sporadic server scheduling policy, and the timed mutex lock operation. We show that the complexity of these implementations is small, and the overheads introduced by the new services are fully acceptable. 1. This work has been funded by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología of the Spanish Government under grant TIC99-1043-C03-03 and by the Commission of the European Communities under contract IST-2001-34140 (FIRST project
2016
This paper proposes a Real-Time Operating System kernel for the 32-bit Leon3 processor. A system is said to be Real Time if it is required to complete its work and deliver its services on time. In a real-time system the correctness of its output, is an important factor, depends not only the logical computations carried out but also the time at which the results were delivered to the external interface. A Real time operating system (RTOS) is a class of operating system intended for real time applications. The requirements for developing an RTOS include RMS scheduling algorithm, file management scheme, interrupt handling, Timer etc. Most of these functions are in POSIX 1003.1b compliant. tsim simulator is used for compilation and debugging..
IEEE Transactions on Computers, 2003
This paper presents the modeling of embedded systems with SimBed, an execution-driven simulation testbed that measures the execution behavior and power consumption of embedded applications and RTOSs by executing them on an accurate architectural model of a microcontroller with simulated real-time stimuli. We briefly describe the simulation environment and present a study that compares three RTOSs: C/OS-II, a popular public-domain embedded real-time operating system; Echidna, a sophisticated, industrial-strength (commercial) RTOS; and NOS, a bare-bones multirate task scheduler reminiscent of typical "roll-your-own" RTOSs found in many commercial embedded systems. The microcontroller simulated in this study is the Motorola M-CORE processor: a low-power, 32-bit CPU core with 16-bit instructions, running at 20MHz. Our simulations show what happens when RTOSs are pushed beyond their limits and they depict situations in which unexpected interrupts or unaccounted-for task invocations disrupt timing, even when the CPU is lightly loaded. In general, there appears no clear winner in timing accuracy between preemptive systems and cooperative systems. The power-consumption measurements show that RTOS overhead is a factor of two to four higher than it needs to be, compared to the energy consumption of the minimal scheduler. In addition, poorly designed idle loops can cause the system to double its energy consumption-energy that could be saved by a simple hardware sleep mechanism.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an integral part of a real-time embedded system (RTES). The majority of RTESs operate in dynamic contexts, thus it is impossible to predict in advance how much work will require computing. As a result, RTOSs greatly aid in the smooth operation of the RTES through efficient resource management and job scheduling techniques. This article looks at the current RTOS design issues and their application. The most recent RTOSs in a wide range of categories are thoroughly reviewed and explained. The post features a comparison study with their possibilities discussed so that interested readers may use it as a convenient starting place for their research on this subject.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2014
This paper proposes a Real-Time Operating System kernel for the 32-bit Leon3 processor. A system is said to be Real Time if it is required to complete its work and deliver its services on time. In a real-time system the correctness of its output, is an important factor, depends not only the logical computations carried out but also the time at which the results were delivered to the external interface. A Real time operating system (RTOS) is a class of operating system intended for real time applications. The requirements for developing an RTOS include RMS scheduling algorithm, file management scheme, interrupt handling, Timer etc. Most of these functions are in POSIX 1003.1b compliant. tsim simulator is used for compilation and debugging..
An RTOS is a software component that is used in the majority of the real-time embedded systems. It has a significant effect on the system's performance and reliability. This paper addresses the issue of publishing parameterized performance characteristics of an RTOS in a platform independent manner. Concepts of parametric timing analysis were extended to consider the performance of the processor, memory and peripherals in a parameterized way. The proposed method was applied to a commercial RTOS. Validation of the method shows results with a precision better than 10%. Key-words: timing analysis, WCET (Worst Case Execution Time), RTOS (Real-Time Operating System) performance characterization, COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) software component performance.
AICT 2011, The Seventh Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications, 2011
Abstract—This paper presents a new didactic platform that is capable of running an embedded Real Rime Operating System. The proposed platform consists of hardware, firmware and software tools. The project of the hardware part is distributed according to GPLv2 license. The firmware of the platform is based on FreeRtos distributed according to the modified GPL license, ported by the authors on the microcontrollers not originally supported, i.e., Atmega128 and Atmega168. All the software tools work on the Linux operating system and are free of charge; most of them have open source code. The main aim of the proposed platform is to familiarize students with the basics of embedded RTOS.
This study presents a quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis of Real Time Operating systems (RTOS) of some selected operating systems in order to determine their performance in executing a task(s) over real time. In so doing, the studied systems which include Windows XP, Window 8, Window 7 professional and window 10 which are largely used in industrial and academic environments were selected and analysed using a function generator and Oscilloscope connected to the analysed system as a reference for conventional non-real-time operating system. The evaluations from the setup include real run time, worst case response times for latency, latency jitter and response time. Results from this study will be used as a generalization for the performance of such operating system on real time and thus, a consideration from this work will inform the choice of the most suitable RTOS for mission critical or non-critical embedded tasks.
Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design - ICCAD '98, 1998
We survey the state-of-the-art in real-time operating systems (RTOSs) from the system synthesis point of view. RTOSs have a very long research history which provides important theoretical results and useful industrial implementations. Convergence of applications, technology, and market trends of embedded systems implies a strong need for new generation of RTOS. Therefore, new system synthesis problem areas, notably hardware/software co-design and synthesis for systems-on-silicon (SOS), are opening up new avenues for RTOS research and development. This paper starts with a survey of classical academic and industrial RTOS work and continues with a survey of recent results related to co-design and design systems-on-silicon. We conclude by outlining future directions for the SOS RTOS.
Embedded systems are the computing devices hidden inside a vast array of everyday products and appliances such as cell phones, toys, handheld PDAs, cameras, etc. An embedded system is various type of computer system or computing device that performs a dedicated function and/or is designed for use with a specific embedded software application. Embedded systems may use a combination of 'Read-only' as well as with 'Read-Write' based operating system. But an embedded system is not usable as a commercially viable substitute for general-purpose computers or devices. As applications grow increasingly complex, so do the complexities of the embedded computing devices.
Journal of Communication and Computer, 2015
Since their early applications in the 1960s, embedded systems have come down in price and increased dramatically in processing power and functionality. In addition, embedded systems are becoming increasingly complex. High-end devices, such as mobile phones, PDAs, entertainment devices, and set-top boxes, feature millions of lines of code with varying degrees of assurance of correctness. Nowadays, more and more embedded systems are implementing in a distributed way, and a wide range of high-performance distributed embedded systems have been design and deployed. As many aspects of embedded system design become increasingly dependent on the effective interaction of distributed processors, it is clear that much effort needs to be focus on software infrastructure, such as operating systems, to ensure that they provide functionality to fulfill these requirements. This paper reviews some of the approaches associated with the operating systems used to fulfill these needs.
IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 1979
Two dedicated real-time operating systems (RTOS) are analysed and compared with logical model obtained in TC-8, Purdue Europe. Specialisation is mainly concentrated to Process Management, Exception Handling and operator-RTOS interface. It is concluded that dedicated RTOS, absolutely necessary in some cases, has in all applications certain advantag e s. Consequently, the possibility to dedicate an ope rating system should be considered as an essential RTOS design problem.
This article presents quantitative and qualitative results obtained from the analysis of real time operating systems (RTOS). The studied systems were Windows CE, QNX Neutrino, VxWorks, Linux and RTAI-Linux, which are largely used in industrial and academic environments. Windows XP was also analysed, as a reference for conventional non-real-time operating system, since such systems are also commonly and inadvertently used for instrumentation and control purposes. The evaluations include worst case response times for latency, latency jitter and response time.
2015
One of the main on-going initiatives of the PARTS Research Center together with HIPPEROS S.A. is the creation of a new Real-Time Operating Systems family called HIPPEROS. This paper focuses on the design and the implementation of its new real-time multi-core micro-kernel. It aims to address the challenge of efficient management of computing resources for competing real-time workloads on modern MPSoC platforms while maintaining the level of assurance and reliability of existing production systems. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of its inner architecture.
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.