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2017
As a component of tourism supply, museums have become one of the main attractions in destinations. Due to this, number of museum visitors and studies on museum visitor has increased day by day. The interest of relationship between tourism and museums has dramatically begun after 1990’s (Harrison, 1997). Nowadays, museums are accepted as a tool for development of urban tourism (Jansen-Andrbeke and van Rekom, 1996). It is estimated that every year more than one billion people visit museums (Falk, 2016). When evaluating studies on museum visitors, it is clearly understood that researchers are from various fields such as arts, museum management, tourism and education.
Quality & Quantity, 2013
This study presents a theoretical and operational framework for analyzing repeat visit to museums. Starting from the literature on repeat visit in tourism, the specificities of these cultural attractions are made explicit through a review of theoretical and applied works. Consistently with previous contributors, the paper suggests that the analysis of actual past behaviours has to be preferred to the one of attitudes. The application of proper econometric models is also remarked in order to put into account individual profiles. Information coming from three techniques is then used in an integrated way in order to provide a more comprehensive view of the phenomenon. Evidence from an ad hoc survey suggests the necessity to give a greater attention to perceived cultural value during the visit, promoting cultural events during the week and addressed to children, and taking care of those visitors that come from far places also through an integrated tourist supply.
many books and articles on the design process in different urban and territorial contexts. He is also associate partner of Studioblu, an architectural bureau.
The goal of this research was to indicate the transformed role of museums in modern society, not any longer limited to looking back at history but instead actively participating in the contemporary discussions on societal issues and increasingly important in realm of cultural tourism. This type of tourism provides significant contributions to industrial development but also yields substantial intangible gain. The museums in Serbia are presently unsatisfactorily included in the tourist offer. Instead of offering their most attractive parts of collections , these institutions still organize traditional exhibits known as the least interesting way to present the content to diverse target groups of visitors. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is the static nature of museums and un-preparedness to adapt to diverse approaches and listen to outside demands, primarily by the tourism sector which would provide proper information on present trends in tourism and tourists' needs. In their interpretation, many cultural institutions use only the scientific approach, directed toward a narrow target group of expert audience. One of the main reasons for this type of exhibiting is absence of a program team (designer, scenogra-phy expert, architect, and interpreter). Therefore it is necessary to change the strategy and to turn toward the audience, offering a different sparkle of our collections, a new approach and outlook on presentation. The modern museum is expected to have entrepreneur spirit, openness and fast reactions. Therefore the museums must also become market-oriented institutions. In addition, the successful development of culture tourism products demands better cooperation between the sectors of culture and tourism, professionalization of cadre in the cultural institutions, adequate financing of museum programs, as well as implementation of legal framework creating necessary conditions for supporting the development of cultural tourism.
L’expérience muséale : discussion sur la relation entre les musées contemporains et leurs visiteurs Le but de cet article est d’étudier l’expérience muséale et les discussions autor du rôle des visiteurs dans les musées contemporains. Nous entendons cette expérience comme la relation que le visiteur établit avec les musées ainsi que l’aptitude de ces établissements à nourrir chaque visiteur individuel, en créant des expériences significatives, spéciales et uniques. Le point de vue actuel est que les publics ne sont plus de simples spectateurs passifs mais cherchent à avoir leur identité et/ou leurs besoins culturels reconnus par les musées. Devant cette situation, nous chercherons à discuter les limites et les défis provoques par les transformations que les musées ont subies dans les dernières décennies. Nous discuterons aussi comment ces changements ont influencé la relation avec les visiteurs dans leurs attentes et leurs programmations personnels. La discussion sera appuyée sur des références théoriques provenant du domaine de la communication et de l’éducation muséales. Notre objectif est de contribuer au débat concernant le concept contemporain des musées en relation avec le visiteur.
This study started with the aim to answer questions such as ―Who is the art museum visitor?‖, ―Who are the art museum visitors in the world and in Turkey?‖, ―How do they differ?‖, ―Why do they differ?‖, ―What effect do cultural policies have on the audiences of art museums?‖ and ―Why are there so many museums opening recently in Turkey?‖. To answer these questions and many related ones, in this study a comparative analysis of the audiences of two private art museums, the Pera Museum in Istanbul and the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice, is presented. The study answers these questions and many related ones. The results show that the Turkish visitor share similarities with the art museum visitor in the world, but many local factors such as demographics, cultural regulations, economic and other types of surplus such as time, also have considerable effect on cultural attendance. The most important demographics indicators are gender and education. Co- existing and different visitor segments were identified, which are evidence for a diversifying visitor base rather than completely elite audience. The first part focuses on the aims, the value and validity of the study in order to understand the forces governing art museums as members of the non-profit sector. The second part summarizes the theoretical background valid for the cultural economics of the museums. The third part is an analysis of the audiences, compares them and offers synthesis and results valid for museum management. The last part deals with a brief Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis of the institutions, whose content provides insights on what museum audiences might expect from an art museum.
Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 2020
PurposeThis study reflects on heritage, culture and museums as vectors of the tourist development of a destination. Considering the challenges inherent in the efficient correlation of these three areas, this study intends to demonstrate the clear benefits resulting from knowledge sharing and effective cooperation.Design/methodology/approachBased on the objectives outlined, the authors conducted a survey of the visitors of the Costume Museum, which was chosen for being one of the unmistakable icons identifying the cultural heritage of Viana do Castelo (Portugal).FindingsIn an increasingly competitive tourist market, with demand resulting from growing specialization, the integration of museological spaces as patrimonial and cultural elements in the supply of tourist destinations is an important factor in differentiation and development.Research limitations/implicationsTo enhance the importance of the Costume Museum in the process of the tourist development of the city, it is fundament...
Societies
Attribute evaluation provides an understanding of the perceived quality and subjective value of the museum visitor experience. The principal contribution of this paper is to analyze the attributes perceived by tourists and the local community (Madrid residents) of the Thyssen-Bornemisza National Museum (Madrid, Spain), utilizing the results from choice experiment and willingness-to-pay questionnaires. To analyze in depth the assessment regarding the museum attributes and the visitor perceptions of them, the relevance-determination model was applied. Data collection was achieved with a questionnaire using a convenience sample of international tourists and the local community, providing a total of 775 valid surveys. The results of the application of the relevance-determination analysis (RDA) show that there are two types of attributes: higher-impact core and lower-importance attributes. The attributes with the highest subjective value perceived by interviewed tourists and interviewed ...
Purpose. A fundamental aim of this research was to assess the usefulness of the Mystery Shopping (MS) method in examining the quality of museums. Method. The MS method has been applied to assess the quality of the tourism product offered by museums in Krakow, as museums are the most important tourist attractions of the city, which itself is a well-known center of cultural tourism in Europe. The MS assessment was carried out by a team of auditors using a special-purpose questionnaire gauging 40 features concerning seven components of a museum (its surroundings, entrance, exhibits, shop, gastronomic facilities, lavatories, and promotion). Findings. The results of the survey were used in preparing a ranking for the museums of Krakow. It has been proven based on a statistical interpretation that the MS method is useful in assessing the quality of services at tourist attractions. Research and conclusion limitations. The formulated conclusions are limited by the specificity of the investigated object and the conditions of the environment in which it operates. Practical implications. The survey results will enable the management of museums to modify their management styles, increase attendance, and improve their services by adjusting them to match the needs of modern audiences. Originality. This paper is the first of its kind in Poland to discuss MS implementation in tourist attractions.
2009
Defining a physical or virtual space as a museum, seems to have clear implications on visitors’ behaviour and particularly learning behaviour. Past research shows that it is essential to identify different museum types and consider their similarities, differences and special features in order to be able to make valid research hypotheses. However, visitors would not always define certain types of museums as museums. Therefore, we wished to study how visitors view the different museum types and their main reasons for visiting different museums. Investigating visitors’ different definitions and expectations, we used questionnaires which were also used to produce a scale of museumness, the degree to which a certain museum type fits visitors’ museum stereotypes. The analysis of the data allowed the creation of a list of guidelines for the development of educational technology for museum use.
1975
This annotated bibliography of 204 references on visitor research and museum audiences is designed for museum professionals interested in the measurement of visitor reactions to museum exhibits. Citations are included for books, periodical articles, dissertations, studies, reports, and similar unpublished works. Most were published in the late 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s. A few date back to the 1890s-1900s. Entries are listed alphabetically Pr% U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2024
Malaysia is known with its rich and diverse cultural heritage. Therefore, a number of cultural museums which display Malaysia's multifarious history, traditions, and art forms has established. However, there is a decreasing trend of visitor visiting the cultural museum in Malaysia. This trend is highly influenced by the tourists' experience gained during their visit to the museum. This study aims to study the tourist satisfaction in the entrance space of Malaysia cultural museum. This study analyses the data gathered from 381 respondents through a questionnaire survey. The statement in the survey represents different elements which are education, escape, aesthetic, and entertainment. The findings show that the aesthetic element is the most appreciated element by the respondents during the visit while escape element is the least appreciated element. Most of the respondents are in the younger group age, which is an age group that appreciates aesthetics the most while almost a third of the respondents went to the museum due to work, hence make the element of escape the least appreciated. From history, museum institutions have been evolving throughout the time as it is only known as a place called "Cabinets of Curiosities" in 1500s. The existing museum can start integrating itself with other attractions or providing more activities for the visitor to turn it into a more interesting and fun place for the visitor.
Tourist Behavior, 2018
In order to increase visitor numbers and survive in the long run, today's museums need to understand their visiting publics including cultural tourists. Therefore, this chapter aims to understand various publics, their perceptions and experiences of museums by conducting a qualitative research. The study sample was selected from among the visitors of two main museums in Genoa, Italy. Face-to face interviews were conducted to gather data on the definition of a museum by the visitors. The analyses of 372 usable responses revealed seven core elements of museum visitor experiences which included experiences that provide historical and/ or cultural reminisce and awareness, learning and self-development, exposure to tangible evidences, sensory stimulation, wonder and discovery, entertainment and socializing. Implications are discussed relative to marketing strategies.
2018
Museums have been preserving and conserving thousands of artefacts that contributed to our generation current knowledge of the past. Kedah has 6 museums with different purposes and the most significant and profitable museum is the Muzium Padi. Despite having 6 museums scattered in the district, on an estimated 301,045 visitors were recorded in 2016. This depressing numbers could clearly show that the Kedah Museum Management faces problems in attracting visitors although efforts were said to have been made by them. Ringgits spent on attractive marketing promotions and events were not able to change people’s perspective of Kedah museums. Based on that fact as well as on observation, it is fair to say that museums in Kedah are unable to attract visitors because they failed to understand reasons behind decision making of museum visitation. The management holds a responsibility to understand that people engage in museum visits for different reasons or motives. In this study, psychologica...
2015
Museums with its cultural significance, as an integral part of cultural heritage, play vital roles in the economic development of a country by attracting both local and foreign tourists. Museums in Bangladesh may also contribute positively to the country's economic development. This study investigates individuals' visit behavior to museums in Bangladesh and tries to identify dominant influential factors. Total fifty four (54) attributes have been taken into consideration in designing questionnaire for the study. A questionnaire survey method has been used with 220 visitors and response rate of 91 percent. Initially an exploratory factor analysis has been directed using SPSS (version 18.0). The key consequence of the analysis presents total seven (7) explanatory factors. The factors are cultural values, archeological, motivational, aesthetic, services, learning and promotional. One of the most dominant factors is cultural values. We have identified service factor as a new one and also provided strategies for museum marketing. The museum marketing strategies which have three parts namely promotional, service operation and service delivery strategies that ultimately help to understand and inform the visitors, satisfy visitors' motivational, psychological needs, facilitate learning and ensure how the services and experiences can be provided in more enjoyable manner to visitors. The findings of the study will help to ensure visitors' satisfaction efficiently for sustainable development of the museums as well as tourism sector of Bangladesh.
Political changes that stirred the Balkans at the end of the 19th century coincided chronologically with other unrelated processes. One of them is the expansion of new forms of tourism in which museums restructured according to the principles of new museology take important place. The development of new museology, being another separate process, gives a significant role to smaller, local and regional museums. In addition to the role of heritage protection and development of general knowledge they are gaining more and more importance for the preservation of the local community identity. On the other hand, unique specificity of each local community is an attraction that draws modern tourists and permanent museum exhibitions represent places where they can find out themselves about the characteristics of the environment which they are visiting. Acceptance of these new tasks by the museums in the Balkans is much more complex because they firstly had to give up their roles of established local guardians of communist ideology in order to get into the overall reform process. Only then could they embark on making permanent museum exhibitions interesting and understandable to both visitors from the region and tourists, along with the tasks of heritage conservation. Among other classifications, museum exhibits can be complex, thematic and open-air. Analysis of visits made to local museums in Serbia showed that their permanent exhibitions are sparsely attended, with large disparity according to their type. Complex exhibitions are least visited, while thematic ones are much more so, whereas the most visited are the open-air ones. The cause of this relationship, which is observed in other countries as well, is directly related to the degree of attractiveness. However, such a relationship can be changed. A case study of the National Museum of Valjevo which has three permanent exhibitions of various kinds at three locations indicates programming of comprehensive marketing activities, which are an important instrument of change. At the beginning of the process of reorganization a huge disproportion in their visitor figures which corresponded to the above described pattern was noticed. Continuous application of designed marketing efforts led not only to a general increase in visits, but also to a significant reduction in discrepancy of visits various types of exhibitions.
ENCATC Journal of Cultural Management and Policy, 1(1), 2011
During the 20th century museum visitor studies have used different approaches with varying results. They have covered not only individual demographic and psychographic characteristics, but also the motivation, needs and expectations of both visitors and nonvisitors. According to the visitor-oriented approach, most research has been suggested to attract and satisfy new audiences promoting social interaction and the emotional involvement of visitors through edutainment, new technological devices, exhibitions and other ‘blockbuster’ events. In this paper we will analyse the content and language of art museum communication, to verify if the general knowledge people have when they visit a museum is sufficient to understand and appreciate the complex value of exhibits in museums and if museum communication strategies are suitable to the mise en valeur of local cultural heritage. Analysing the findings of a local survey on the relationship between museums and their real and potential visitors, carried out among students, the following paper argues that museums and education should enhance the distinctive features of local cultural heritage, both to promote the understanding of its complex value and to reach new audiences.
Vilnius University Open Series, 2021
Audience development in cultural organisations and museums in Lithuania is relevant and not enough explored. While reading different academic literature and research on this topic, the most common issue mentioned is a lack of research about visitors to Lithuanian cultural organisations and museums. Most usually, communication about events and products created for visitors is based on the intuition or opinion of the employees, rather than on analysis of visitor’s expectations. Meanwhile, global research is orientated to understand, who is the audience of the organisation and what expectations it has. Those studies show that the audience is expecting to get new emotions, learn new things, new experiences, and increase social connections, to feel welcomed and interested.
Journal of management practices, humanities and social sciences, 2021
The museum plays a key role in preserving the cultural heritage and is a source of education for the community in connection with it. The linkage of community with its heritage is evidence of their interest and attraction towards the activities of their ancestors. The community that is keenly interested in delivering their cultural assets to the upcoming generations always takes the museum-community linkage seriously. The study deals with assessing the museum-community relationships targeting the male and female students and teachers of the primary level at District Peshawar. In this study, the requisite data was retrieved using the questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed after the careful study of several kinds of research in the ield of museums and community at the international level. The aims and objectives of this study are to know the awareness level of the local community about the museums, the frequency of visits i.e., how many times the community paid visits to the museums? the motivation i.e., purpose of visits of community to museums, the perception of community about the museums, the beneits which community gets by visiting the museums, and the satisfaction level of the community. The research shows that the relation between museums with the community is very weak. Very few people know about museums. There is the number of reasons for this weak association which has been discussed in detail, and some suggestions are also recommended to overcome this museum-community gap. This is the irst ever study of its kind in the area and will pave the way to make museum a tourist friendly destination.
Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA, 2015
Leisure time, as the time used to engage in a variety of activities, should provide a sense of satisfaction and relaxation. In order to satisfy the needs of the visitors and their desire to experience something new and authentic in tourist destination, it is very important to know what their choices are with regard to leisure activities. The aim of this paper is to determine how museum public usually spends its leisure time, which factors influence the motivation to visit museums, and to try to find a correlation between the two. The paper is based on the results of the study conducted between the end of May and the end of August, 2014 in the museums in Vojvodina Province (northern part of the Republic of Serbia). The main findings of this paper indicate that spending leisure time is primarily related to socialization and education, and that museums are visited mostly due to their educational role. The findings also indicate that there are differences between the choice of leisure activity and motivation for visiting museums and sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents. Significant correlation has been found between the choice of leisure activity and motivation for visiting museums.
We declare in lieu of an oath that we have written this research paper ourselves and that we have not used any sources or resources other than stated for its preparation, we further declare that we have clearly indicated all direct and indirect quotations. This research paper has not been submitted elsewhere for examination purposes." Date: 12.06.2015 Signature II Abstract
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