Y METODOLOGÍA

This article is the result of a reflection on the possibilities and difficulties of empirical social observation in prison, from the perspective of sociological methodology teaching applied to university degrees in criminology. What is here exposed is based on the practical experience accumulated by the authors via mul-tiple studies carried out in Spain and in different Ibero-American countries. A first draft of this text was created with the purpose of being used as practical research notes for students of criminology who began their training and had no profession-al experience in this field of study. This version has been adapted, so that it may be used generally by researchers and students of social sciences who need a basic guide to the design and execution of social research projects in prisons. The paper assumes a didactic orientation; it is a proposal that offers guidelines to improve the teaching and application of the research methodology in the penitentiary systems.

The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Peer Motivational Climate in Youth Sport Questionnaire (PeerMCySQ) within the context of Spanish sport. we used a sample of 474 young federated athletes between the ages of 12 and 16 years who participated in both individual and group sport competitions. Different confirmatory factorial analyses, an analysis of internal consistency and an analysis of criteria validity were conducted. The results showed the need to remove two items from the original version to obtain acceptable fit indices. The three-factor model was proposed as the most appropriate: task-involvement climate, ability/competition and intrateam conflict. The results of the analysis of Moreno et al.:F. Aybar 29/11/10 10:35 Página 101 criteria validity showed that both the task climate as well as the climate that enhanced competition positively predicted perceived ability/competition, which, in turn, positively predicted self-determined motivation. In addition, intra-team conflict negatively predicted self-determined motivation, both directly and mediated through perceived competition.

Metodología, 2019

La lógica ha alcanzado en nuestros días una importancia considerable dentro del marco de las ciencias y de los centros de estudio. En la industria, en el comercio, en la organización de empresas, en el estudio de los mercados, va co-brando cada vez más importancia la manera o los procedimientos que se han de seguir para alcanzar la meta propuesta. Ya no se trata tanto de lo que hay que ha-cer, sino de cómo hay que hacerlo. Lógicamente, las "ciencias del espíritu", siguiendo la clasificación dilthe-yana de las ciencias, no podían quedar al margen de este rigor científico, aunque evitando una mimetización con respecto a las ciencias de la naturaleza. Esta exi-gencia no la podemos considerar como una moda, sino como algo íntimamente unido a todo trabajo de investigación que no recurra facilonamente a un método disciplinar, es decir meramente auditivo y repetitivo de lo que dice el maestro, sino al inventivo, es decir inquisitivo e investigador. Desde el momento en que la pedagogía moderna vuelve a postular, al esti-lo socrático, métodos activos de enseñanza, según los cuales el alumno debe ser el que descubra por sí mismo, aunque siempre ayudado por el maestro, el resul-tado de su propia investigación, hace falta más que nunca que tenga a su disposi-ción los instrumentos necesarios para llegar a la meta. Ya no debe bastar la mera atención en clase, ni el mero aprendizaje memorístico, aunque concediendo

una metodología sobre la patria potestad, funciones y perdida de la misma, así como sus antecedentes históricos en la antigua roma