Impact evaluation report: Egypt’s forsa graduation program

2001

2011

This report summarizes the results of a baseline household-level survey, led by the Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Consortium Research Program 1 (CCAFS), carried out in 7 villages and 140 households in Borana, southern Ethiopia. The objective of this baseline effort was to describe the characteristics of the farming systems found across a wide range of research sites in 12 countries, including the Borana site, and to better understand what kinds of farming practice changes households have been making and why. We gathered information on the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of these farming households, basic livelihood and welfare indicators, agriculture and natural resources management practices and strategies, access to and use of climate and agricultural-related information, and current risk management, mitigation and adaptation practices. Randomly selected households were the units of analysis and a face-to-face questionnaire was the primary tool that was used for data collection. Borans are largely pastoralists whose mainstay of livelihood is livestock keeping, but virtually all households surveyed also produce some crops, and 39% of them also sell some crops. Production of fruits and vegetables is not common, with only 9% of households producing and consuming fruits, and 2% vegetables. Five percent of households owned no cattle. The majority of households have relatively small herds of cattle (less than 20 heads), as well as small stock (sheep, goats and/or chickens). Camels are owned by 28% of households. Roughly two-thirds sell cattle, and 70% sell small stock. A large number of households (79%) also produce and consume milk or other livestock products, and 40% sell livestock products. They also produce fodder to feed their animals and gather wood for fuel, but few sell these products coming from their own farms. Off-farm livelihood sources are limited, with 13% of households producing/harvesting food crops and 37% gathering fruit from places other than their own farms. Almost two-thirds obtain fodder from off-farm sources. All households also gather fuelwood from locations away from the land they own. Income diversification strategies are limited in Borana. One-quarter of households produce four or fewer different types of agricultural products, and one-half sell only one or two. Fourteen percent of households obtained no cash income at all from agriculture or livestock. One-half of households have no other source of off-farm income. Employment on other peoples' farms, or from another type of job, is a source of income for only a few households. Business and remittances are the most important sources of cash income (other than from their own farms), with 19% of these households reporting receiving cash income from some type of business and 11% from remittances/gifts. Our results suggest that household-level food insecurity is high and widespread in Borana. Only two households reported being food secure throughout the year. One-half of households have food deficits for over 6 months of the year. Another one-quarter struggle to feed their families for 5-6 months, and 18% reported 3-4 hunger months in a typical rainfall year. mechanical plough. None has an improved (non-traditional) stove. One-fifth of households reported own a radio, but 30% now own a cell phone. This baseline survey has provided some key indicators relating to household well-being and agricultural adaptation strategies that will be monitored over time. This information will help to better target interventions aimed at improving them, as well as identifying key gaps in information that warrant further research.

Achieving goals of development implies the improvement of the situation of chronic food insecurity. To achieve food security it is necessary to achieve food sufficiency first. In many parts of Ethiopia, chronic food insufficiency is an important and a common problem. As the dimension of this problem is multidisciplinary, its cause and solution also differ from place to place and society to society. On year 2005, the government of Ethiopia started PSNP, the second biggest social protection program in Africa next to South Africa. This study focuses on identifying the determinant factors that influence household’s graduation from the chronic food insufficiency problem in rural parts of Kedida Gamela woreda, Southern Nations. The survey data is collected from 241 sample program beneficiary household heads, grouping them in to clusters as currently graduated from the program versus not graduated, using the two stage random sampling method. The data is analyzed using both the descriptive analysis and the econometric model. In the study as it is revealed by the descriptive analysis only 24% of the surveyed households are graduated from the program. Seven out of thirteen variables become significant at 95% and more level of confidence are included in multivariate analysis. These includes’ age of the household heads, educational status, the full family targeting, livestock holding, participation in credit and the households perception towards graduation. These variables have separate and joint importance in explaining the outcome variable. The marginal effect analysis results which is alternative to the odds ratio and likelihood coefficient, revealed that, for the continuous variables, a unit increase in household’s age, education, farm income and livestock holding improves the graduation probability by, 9%, 6.25%, 5.6%, and 8.46% at their mean value respectively. On the other hand, in the discreet variables, a shift from partial to full family targeting, non-participant to credit-participant and from unwilling to willing to be graduated, improve the likelihood of graduation by 9.5%, 6.5% and 33.4% respectively holding other things constant. Finally, the policy recommendations are presented based on the above findings; provision of education at every level training for skill especially for people at working age, raising productivity of agricultural sector, supporting creation of employment opportunities and working against psychology of dependency syndrome, are among the policy recommendations to the graduation chronic food insufficiency problem and livelihood of the community.

published paper, 2023

This research aims to identify the determinants of rural families benefiting from social protection arrangements under the Decent Life Initiative in ELKom ElAhmar Village, Shebin Elkanater, District, Qaliobia Governorate, to identify the correlation between the social and economic variables, and the degree of benefit received by the rural families. The geographical area of the study is El-Kom ElAhmar Village, Shebin El-Kanater District, Al Qaliobia Governorate. Cochran's equation was used to determine the sample size of 250 respondents, (heads of households) representing 10% of rural families' beneficiaries which consists of a total of 2,224 families. The questionnaire applied via the personal interview to collect the field data, was conducted during February and March 2023. Data collected were coded and analyzed using frequencies, percentages, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise regression. Obtained results of the research were found as follows: • Most of the respondents (57.2%) are in the category of high beneficial level, the respondents (21.6%) are in the category of medium beneficial level, and (21.2%) fall in the category of the low beneficial level of the total sample respondents This result clarifies the significant role played by the "Decent Life" initiative to support the most vulnerable families. • The most significant factors affecting the rural families benefits are; the degree of benefiting from the role of organizations and institutions, the type of social protection programs, and the husband`s age. these factors affect a total of (47.1%), the remaining effect attributed to other variables. These results highlight the importance of the "Decent Life" initiative in supporting the most vulnerable families.

2016

2013 This report has not been subject to a formal external review via IFPRI’s Publications Review Committee. The report is circulated in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The views and opinions contained in the report are those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by IFPRI or USAID. The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index:

IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 2013

This paper introduces the 2012 round of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS), a publicly-available nationally representative longitudinal household survey. We describe the key characteristics of the ELMPS, including the samples and questionnaires for each round. Additionally, we examine the attrition processes observed in the panel and discuss the creation of weights to correct for attrition. We compare our data to other statistical sources for Egypt to evaluate the sample's representativeness. To demonstrate how the ELMPS allows for an improved understanding of the labor market, we compare unemployment trends using the ELMPS and other data on unemployment in Egypt. JEL codes: J00, C81, C83, J64 present a comparison of unemployment trends based on other sources and the ELMPS to demonstrate how the collection of the high quality data provided in the ELMPS allows for a substantially improved understanding of labor market trends and conditions.

2011

Achakzai also worked on data entry.

2005

The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document.