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2015, Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting
The UK government has put new economic policy to increase the Value added tax (VAT) to 20%, which raise widely discussions. This case study aims to find out how increased standard VAT influence customer's satisfaction and consumption habit in North Wales area. There has been lively debate between the government and the opposition party, the government has asserted that it is progressive, as those with higher incomes spend more and will therefore pay more VAT. Opposition claims, however, that as low earners have to spend a much bigger share of their income than high earners in order to meet their basic needs. A total of 80 respondents participated in the survey. sReliability test analysis was used to analyse the reliability of each questions in the questionnaire. Data collected were analysed by using correlation analysis and t-test to determine the relationship between variables and test the hypothesis. The findings reveal that VAT increase has significant impact on consumers' consumption habit. This case study could fill the gap in the literature for consumers'
IAEME PUBLICATION, 2024
The Value Added Tax (VAT) is a type of indirect tax that is imposed on goods and services. The VAT is considered with all other forms of taxes in many countries, the most important source of income. The Value Added Tax is directly aimed to be collected from consumers. The VAT is a tax on consumption applied at a basic rate of five percent, to be imposed on goods and services in the Oman. The Oman has imposed Value Added Tax (VAT) on a selected set of products and services on 16 April, 2021 as per 2016, GCC unified VAT Agreement. In this study tried to explore if consumers in Oman are aware of VAT, and to explore their possible react when VAT is introduced. The researcher searched into literatures that could support the study, distributed a questionnaire to collect data. A statistical analysis method was chosen, utilizing IBM, SPSS and MS Excel to analyze data collected and presents study results. The study concludes that consumers in Oman have a moderate knowledge to VAT, hence the study recommends that governments need to do more awareness campaign on VAT. The next aim of the study was to examine if VAT will impact consumers, the results from the study confirmed that, and recommended to minimize that effect, by reducing VAT rate, expand goods and services which are exempt from VAT and supporting consumers with low income. Purpose: To identify the consumers awareness level of VAT in Sultanate of Oman, examine the expected VAT impact on consumers and identify possible VAT influence on consumers spending’s & savings habits. Research Methodology: The Research Methodology of this research is explained in this research paper in details. The Techniques and process of sampling, instruments and tools of collecting data, and how this data was analysis and designed to serve the aim of the study.
ELK Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Retail Management, 2018
Goods and Services tax is considered to be an important tax reform in the country. Goods and Services tax is based on destination principle which means tax accrues at the place of consumption rather than the place of manufacturing. Common people are more affected by the goods and services tax and the effects were adverse at the time of introduction of goods and services tax1 . However since revisions were made, this burden seems to have reduced for the consumers. 2This study seeks to understand the consumer perceptions towards goods and services tax implementation by taking a microeconomics approach considering disposable income, spending ability rather than a general study of consumer perceptions. The study finds that consumers are satisfied with goods brought under 0% slab and consumers do not experience an increase in personal income after goods and services tax implementation. The study uses simple descriptive statistics to present the results so that even a common layman can understand what the research study seeks to communicate to the readers of the paper. Finally, the study arrives at a meaningful conclusion which can be used as a basis for further research study relating to goods and services tax. Keywords: Goods and Services tax, Destination principle, Microeconomic approach, Disposable income and spending ability.
2005
This study aimed to uncover the factors that influence Value Added Tax (VAT) compliance. Small businesses from the catering and flooring/furnishing trades in the United Kingdom were sent a questionnaire designed to elicit their views on VAT and related issues. Responses were obtained from 359 businesses. Results showed that VAT compliance in small businesses shares a number of similarities with private income tax compliance: Social norms, equity, economic factors and personality are all important in predicting compliance.
2017
This study has been conducted having the objective of assessing the effect of Value Added Tax on consumption behavior of Nekemte Town households. Descriptive research design has been implemented to undertake this study. The two most commonly used data collecting mechanisms (questionnaire and interview) have been used for this study by taking a sample size of 384, out of 20,870 households using stratified random sampling and three higher officials of Ethiopian Revenue and Custom Authority Nekemte branch from twelve total staff members using purposive sampling. To collect and measure the study, Liker Scale question were used and the collected data were edited for minor error. Relevant statistical methods of analysis like mean, standard deviation correlation and regression were use using the statistical package. The study revealed that the implementation of VAT to go down well with Consumers, the scheme has to come with some compensatory measures such as the reduction of income taxes t...
ABSTRACT : Taxes are the largest source of state revenue which is used to carry out development and create public welfare. The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect og VAT and Sales Tax on Luxury Goods on the purchasing power of motorized vehicle consumers at PT. Duta Intika. This research was conducted at PT. Duta Intika. The method used was purposive sampling method. The number of samples was calculated using the Slovin formula in order to obtain a sample of 85 respondents. The data was collected through a survey method using a questionnaire. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. Based on the analysis, it was found that VAT and Sales Tax on Luxury Goods had a positive effect on the purchasing power of consumers at PT. Duta Intika. This shows that the higher the selling value of a vehicle that is subject to VAT and Salex Tax on Luxury Goods will affect consumer purcashing power. Keywords :VAT, Salex Tax on Luxury Goods, Purchasing Power
ERN: Fiscal Policy & Institutional Change in Transition Economics (Topic), 2017
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is one of the most discussed topics in Malaysia nowadays. The Malaysian government’s decision to implement the GST in April 2015 has affected every member of society in the country. Financial issues such as inflation, rising cost of living, the national budget deficit, economic instability, and the implementation of GST have impacted many Malaysian consumers in terms of their spending. As a result, this raises various concerns on the perceptions among Malaysians towards GST as a whole. This article aims to review the consumer’s perception towards the implementation of GST in Malaysia. This paper is also expected to provide a better understanding for the Malaysian government on consumers’ perception towards GST. Additionally, this could also assist the government in their policy making, especially in the areas of awareness raising pertaining to the benefits of GST, charging mechanism introduction, and collection, as well as enhancing society’s confide...
SSRN Electronic Journal
The authors of this Report would like to acknowledge and thank the in-country and international KPMG staff who contributed so significantly to the compilation and collation of the information in this Report, together with the business, professional and public administration colleagues whom they may have consulted in the process. They would also like to acknowledge the help and insights provided by academic colleagues, notably Rodney Brown, Rick Krever and Antony Ting, in completing the study, and to thank Amanda Uppal for her administrative assistance in the conduct of the country survey. Completion of the Report also benefited from discussions held during a workshop hosted by the Tax Administration Research Centre at Exeter University in April 2019, coinciding with its 2019 Tax Administration Research Conference. Factor A-Tax Law Complexity and Burden Resulting from Core Elements of VAT Policy 3.3 Country ratings for this factor are set out in Table 11 in Appendix 3, while brief comments for each of the six indicators are set out hereunder. 1) The VAT Rate Structure 3.3.1 This indicator is derived by taking account of the number of reduced rates that comprise the VAT rate structure (discounting any 'zero' rate for exports). Prior research, including the pilot study of 13 countries, had indicated that the greater the number of rates in a VAT regime, the greater the likely complexity of that regime and hence the higher the potential compliance burden. 3.3.2 Approximately three quarters of the surveyed countries had a rate structure with two or more reduced rates in 2017 including, in some cases, a zero rate for supplies other than exports of goods and services, with over a third found to have three or more reduced rates. Countries in this latter category were predominantly in Europe and included Austria,
International Journal of Tax Economics and Management, 2018
In economics literature, it is accepted that all people are rational and they try to maximize their utilities as possible as they can. In addition, economic theories are formed with the assumptions not suitable to real life. For instance, indifference curves are drawn with the assumptions that there are two goods, people are rational, more is preferred to less and so on. Hence, the consumer behaviors are guessed according to this analysis. Nevertheless, these are invalid in real life. And this inconsistencey are examined by behavioral economics and neuroeconomics. Behavioral economics claims that people can behave what they are not expected since people can be irrational, their willpower is limited and altruistic behaviors can be seen and they can give more value to what they own. As a result of these, consumer behaviors become more different than that of economic theory. In addition to behavioral economics, neuroeconomics also examines consumer behaviors more differently than mainstream economic theory. It emphasizes the people using prefrontial cortex of the brain are more rational than the people using hippocampus of the brain. Therefore, people can make illogical choices compared to economic theory. In these cases, levying taxes such as personal income tax or value added tax can be ineffective or effective. In other words, the effect becomes ambigious. Hence,the hypothesis that if government desires to levy personal income tax or value added tax, it makes a detailed research in terms of productivity of taxes forms the fundamental of this study.
2018
UNNAYAN : International Bulletin of Management and Economics Volume IX | July 2018 11 Mrs. Preeti Singh Chouhan Assistant Professor, Sushila Devi Bansal College of Engineering. Indore. Email [email protected] Dr. Swaranjeet Arora Associate Professor, Prestige Institute of Management and Research, Indore. Email: [email protected] Dr. Sachin Mittal Assistant Professor, Jaipuria Institute of Management, Indore Email: [email protected] Purpose: The aim of the study is to identify the perception of the service tax payers toward Goods and service tax (GST). Research methodology: The study is based on the primary data collected from 400 service taxpayers of different cities of India by the means of questionnaire. Result: It is found that there is linear relationship between perception toward service tax reform and perception toward GST. Originality/value: The study assumes importance in view of the fact that no significant studies have been conducted to look ...
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 2018
The investigators are intended to study the customers' perception on Goods and Service Tax (GST) from Mannarkkad municipality. The method of study was survey and collected data from thirty respondents from that area. The main objectives of the study are to study the perception of customers on the different aspects of GST and to study if there any significant differences among customers' perception according to gender, age, educational qualification and income level. The major findings are the customers have positive attitude and there is no significant differences between customers according to gender, age, educational qualification and income level.GST is one of the Revolutionalchanges in the Indian economy. After independence as a nation India introduced many financial reforms including several tax reforms.Indian financial system is carrying very complicated structure. So it very same as in the case of tax structure of Indianeconomy. Every year Indian tax authority changes the laws and rates of the overall tax system. But the traditional tax system is becomes a burden that the customers needed to pay all the indirect taxes relating to particular product and service. The new tax reforms that GSTsubsumes all the taxes under one umbrella. In April 1 st 2017 India has introducedGST initially then 2017 July 1 st India implemented GST GST is a single tax on the supply of goods and services right the manufacturer to the consumer. Credits of input taxes paid at each stage will be available in the subsequent stage of value addition, which makes GST essentially a tax only on value addition on each stage. The final consumer will thus bear only the GST charged by the last dealer of the supply chain. There were lot of confusions relating to the gst why because lack of right implementation of theGST GST brings huge advantages to the consumers by paying single and transparent tax proportionate to the value of goods and services. Due to multiple indirect taxes being levied by the central and state with incomplete or no input tax credits available at progressive stage of value addition, the cost of most good and services in the country today are laden with many hidden taxes. Under gst there would be only one tax form one manufacturer to the consumer, leading to transparency of taxes paid to the final consumer many products prices will come down due to value addition of the products. It will increase the purchasing power of the customers. In this study the investigators intended to study about the consumer's perception on GST Need and Significance of the study GST is expected to give a major relief to industry, trade, agriculture and consumers through comprehensive and wider coverage of input tax set off (both on goods and services), subsuming of multiple taxes. It will ensure a simpler tax regime with fewer taxes, rates and exemptions. A simplified tax regime coupled with simple articulate and largely online procedures will leads to improved tax compliances with lesser scope for mistakes. GST is the best opportunity for consumers that help to increase the purchasing power. GST implementation will leads to immense scope for each consumers and to keep pace with the changing global indirect tax scenario. Statement of the problem India intends to adopt a dual GST which will be imposed concurrently by the central and states. The proposed dual structure GST, seeks to simplify the complex indirect taxation system in India and create a common national market by bringing down fiscal barriers between the states. GST is a new tax system which is moving towards an efficient indirect tax regime. It becomes imperative for consumers to keep themselves updated with this new tax in country's tax landscape. Thus the present study seeks to investigate the perceptions towards GST among the consumers has been carried out.
2016
The paper analyzes the effects of pre-announced VAT reforms on the time pattern of sales of consumer durables. A theoretical analysis shows that the optimal consumption path shows a spike in the purchases of durables directly before the VAT increase, and a substantial drop afterwards. The predictions of the model are tested utilizing a unique dataset of monthly sales of durable goods, so called white products (washing machines, fridges etc.), in various European countries, many of which have increased the VAT rate in recent years. The results show that in most cases, the VAT increases result in higher product prices and that the VAT reforms have triggered sales patterns over time in accordance with the theoretical predictions. Sales effects are substantial, indicating that a VAT increase by 1 percentage point triggers an increase in sales before the VAT increase by about 1 to 5 percent.
Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2017
The aim of the paper is to assess the effect of introducing the second reduced rate of VAT of 10 % since 1 January 2015 on consumer behaviour when purchasing gluten-free food. Monitoring the effect of the VAT rate reduction on selected gluten-free food and products was a part of a research focused on gluten-free consumer preferences when eating in restaurants (960 respondents were interviewed). Further research which was focused on the effect of the VAT rate reduction and which surveyed the consumer criteria when purchasing gluten-free products addressed a total of 160 respondents with a gluten-free diet. According to the respondents' experience, the introduction of the second reduced VAT rate of 10 % has not significantly affected the prices for the final consumers. The reason for that may be the fact that the second reduced VAT rate applies mostly to ingredients used in gluten-free production and only a few final products. A large group of coeliacs is not even aware of or has not registered the VAT change.
2020
This article explores the compliance burden imposed by the value added tax (VAT), which has traditionally been recognised as one of the more onerous taxes so far as compliance by business taxpayers is concerned. It compares the UK's VAT compliance burden with that experienced elsewhere in the EU, together with the experience of other Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Forum on Tax Administration countries. Based upon the outcomes of a large-scale research project conducted in 2018-19 using an experimental diagnostic tool, the UK appears to have mixed results, comparing poorly in relation to certain factors but outperforming many of its European and global counterparts in relation to other aspects of its VAT regime. The results are of particular interest to UK policy makers and practitioners as they establish that the most significant sources of compliance burden lie in the design of the underlying VAT law rather than in its administration. The UK's withdrawal from the EU may offer a once in a generation opportunity to effect real change and make meaningful reductions to the business compliance burden which could provide lasting improvements to the internationally competitive position of UK businesses. The importance of addressing the current causes of the compliance burden becomes all the more pressing in the face of pending new costs UK businesses will face post-Brexit. The freedom created by Brexit in terms of VAT design should be exploited to achieve compliance burden reductions needed to offset new costs likely to arise in the post-Brexit era.
2015
In this paper we study the common impact of increasing VAT and decreasing incomes in consumer models. The considered models are linear ones (see [3], [4] and [8]). It is in fact the extension of the study [2], where there was performed the study of the impact of only one of the mentioned government decision (increasing VAT). We have already noticed that applying the simple three rule is not appropriate. But the problems that arise come from the common impact. It is possible that if it is applied only the decreasing of the wedges (25%) , the incomes from selling products decreases by the ratio b , if we apply only increasing VAT the income decreases by the ratio a (we have obtained in [2] a = 4.01653 ignoring the dependence of quantity on wedges), but if there are applied both the income decreases by the ratio g ¹1−(1−a )(1−b ) . This is the general case, and the explanation of such phenomenon comes from analogous reasons as in [2]: the total income is the sold quantity multiplied by...
EVOLUTIONARY STUDIES IN IMAGINATIVE CULTURE, 2024
This study contributes to the limited literature on VAT’s impact on student populations by assessing the financial strain on university students in Oman. The research provides novel insights into policymaking, suggesting VAT exemptions for essential educational goods and proposing financial literacy programs for mitigating the adverse effects of VAT which employs chi-square tests and regression analysis to quantify the financial effects of VAT on students' purchasing behavior, revealing that VAT negatively impacts purchasing power with a statistically significant p-value (< 0.05). The findings highlight substantial financial strain on students, particularly those in lower-income brackets, prompting policy recommendations for VAT exemptions on essential educational goods and the inclusion of financial literacy programs aimed at helping students mitigate the tax's adverse effects. This study evaluates the financial implications of the Value Added Tax (VAT) introduced in Oman in 2021, focusing on its impact on consumer behavior among university students at A’sharqiyah University. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, including chi-square tests and regression analysis, and a sample of 53 students, the research investigates the effects of VAT on purchasing power and consumption patterns. The findings demonstrate a significant disruption to students' financial capacity, with the majority reporting challenges in affording essential educational materials. By contributing to the limited body of literature on VAT’s effects on low-income populations, this study provides valuable insights into how students rationalize their consumption and cope with increased financial strain. Policy recommendations include VAT exemptions for educational goods and the implementation of comprehensive financial literacy programs to help vulnerable groups manage the tax's adverse effects.
Marketing Letters, 2021
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IAEME PUBLICATION, 2020
Goods and Services tax is one of revolutionary tax reforms in India applicable from July 2017. The basic aim of this reform is to remove all cascading effects and to bring uniformity in tax and market throughout the nation. During this three years of its implementation, it has been amended number of times to make it simpler and user friendly. Customers are the major stakeholder of this reforms and the success of this new tax laws depends upon the acceptance by them in right prospective including others. In this paper, an attempted has been made to study the impact of goods and services tax on customers’ perception in Odisha state. Structure questionnaires have been used to collect responses covering different districts of Odisha. It is concluded that more than 95% of customers are at least know something about GST and customers education, profession and place play a dominant role in deciding the perception of customers towards prices, expenditure and consumptions after implementation of GST
Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 2022
Goods and Services Tax (GST) was implemented in India with the primary objective to reduce the burden on all stakeholders in the economy. Consumers are the vital stakeholders of GST as they bear the burden of taxes indirectly and contribute to government exchequer. Before introduction of GST, there were many taxes in force, which led to more complexities in taxing taxpayers, and there was a problem of cascading taxes. GST came as a hope to overcome the issues of earlier tax systems and provide many benefits to consumers. The paper examines consumers perception, level of awareness, and satisfaction about GST. To achieve the objectives of the study online survey has been undertaken by randomly sharing survey links to consumers of Kalaburagi district of Karnataka state. Non-parametric test has been used to analyze the primary data collected. The Chi-square test has been used to test consumers perception, and Mann witney U test and Kruskal-Wallis tests have been used to test the significance of two or more samples.
2019
Increased care, implementation, and greater importance in creating fiscal policies that impact in the economy and family consumption began after the declaration of Independence in 2008, when the first tax reforms were made. But the fiscal reforms called the "Fiscal Package 1 " which started its enforcement by the end of 2015, especially the VAT reduced rate for household consumption from 16% to 8% had the main effect on the consumer basket and the family budget, which is also the main approach of this paper. Based on the analysis of many indicators, statistical data and questionnaire we have verified how much was impact in the household budget by the decrease of VAT rate. We will give an overview on the influence of this reform on the household consumption basket by focusing mainly on essential products for living. By comparing the experiences of the countries in the region and the survey with the respondents we will be able to see how these changes were expected by the citizens, how do they evaluate the impact on their family budget, as well as possible suggestions for other positive ways that can contribute in saving the family budget. Hypothesis from the comparison of the results of the findings and the answers from the survey was verified that family consumption basket with VAT reduction has lower cost especially for public services and saving the family budget. While the implication on the general budget of the state from reduced VAT rate is very small, compared to the benefits of low-income households.
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