La neolitización del interior de la Península Ibérica

Trabajos de Prehistoria, 1995

Se analiza la transición de una economía de cazadores y recolectores a otra basada en la agricultura y el pastoreo en la zona este de la Península Ibérica. Partiendo de un estudio comparativo de los yacimientos del Epipaleolítico y Neolítico antiguo con dataciones de carbono-14 y/o estudios de fauna y hallazgos de cereales se proponen tres modelos para explicar el registro arqueológico.

La Draga El poblado de los prodigios, 2018

El trabajo propone una lectura conjunta de los datos que permiten acercarse a la distribución geográfica, cronología, costumbres funerarias , modos de subsistencia y marcadores gráficos a lo largo del Neolítico en la Península Ibérica.

Uno de los elementos que más caracterizan al Neolítico del noreste de la Península Ibérica es su excepcional registro funerario. Son tan numerosos e importantes los contextos funerarios del V-IV milenio cal. BC, que este periodo fue bautizado a inicios del siglo XX como el de la «Cultura de los Sepulcros de Fosa». Desde entonces, son muchos los estudios que se han realizado en torno a estos enterramientos neolíticos. Estudios cuyos objetivos han sido, especialmente, la atribución de los restos arqueológicos a un momento y espacio concreto, así como la descripción del continente y del contenido de las sepulturas. Ello ha dado como resultado la publicación de una extensa bibliografía en la que se presentan con mucho detalle la heterogénea morfología de las sepulturas y del ajuar que acompaña a los inhumados. No obstante, en los últimos años, más allá de las cuestiones descriptivas se han comenzado a hacer interesantes y prometedoras aproximaciones a la organización económica y social de estas comunidades neolíticas a partir de la aplicación de nuevos análisis en combinación con un exhaustivo procesamiento estadístico de los datos.

JOURNAL OF WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN PREHISTORY AND ANTIQUITY DOI: 10.1344/Pyrenae2014.vol45num1.3, 2014

Although in moments of contact between hunter-gatherer and farming societies different situations may have existed, the neolithisation by direct or indirect acculturation, always from a perspective of integration and governed by progress, has dominated the research spectrum. Detection of problems in various archaeological contexts, together with new evidences, are the arguments used in this paper to present a new hypothesis that, from the conflict theory, analyzes the possible exclusion and self-exclusion of the Mesolithic groups in the process of early Neolithic territorial expansion in the Iberian Peninsula. Without refuting or rejecting other possible scenarios discussed in the research, it is considered that this is a possibility openly undeveloped within the archaeological research that would explain further the archaeological record.

This paper shows the first results of the Spanish-German research work relating to the introduction of the praclice of farming in the innerlands of the lberian Peninsula. After two years of doing fieldwork together, we relea se the archaeological excavations that we have carried out in a very interesting archaeological site, which is known by '·La Pena de la Abuela/La Lámpara'· . In this site we discovered, for the tlrst time in the lberian Peninsula, a diachronic succession of clifferent fonns of burials among the first human groups who introduced the economy of production in the Valley of Ambrona, Soria. In "La Lámpara" deceased persons were buried in graves that had been clug out in the grouncl about the end ofthe VI millennium Cal. B. C. according to C14, but on the same place a monumental tomb was built (La Peña de la Abuela), whose meaning is expalined under the the perspective of interna! changes related to subsistence, population and occupation of living space.

2007

This work deals with depth changes involving human communities in the strip of territory between the rivers Júcar and Segura over a period of nearly 3,000 years, ca. 5600 - 2600 BC, from the Neolithic old cardial until the Chalcolithic. This territory, which corresponds to the central region of the facade mediterranean of the Iberian peninsula, has been the subject of intensive investigation since the middle of the twentieth century which facilitates an approximation the patterns of occupation and exploitation of the territory thanks to the extraordinary volume of existing information. The origin of these farming communities is presented as a phenomenon of mediterranean origin, as part of the complex mosaic that extends from the Adriatic, passing through the coastal areas and major western Mediterranean islands, until the east side of the Iberian peninsula. Examines the absolute dating and relationships expressed by the material culture among the neolithic groups of this area, since the early centuries of VI millennium BC, as an expression of a process of excision of the farming communities, because of its population growth, and its expansion by coastal areas. The main focus in the way and the time of the changes in patterns of occupation and exploitation of the territory between the river Júcar and Segura, as direct reflection of the social and economic transformations that are operating within the neolithic groups. The methodology, with the help of GIS analysis, is based on establishing its uses, connections and/or the relationship of dependency between settlements and their different functionality. This is integrated information provided by the methodology archaeological with regard to structures, material culture, economics, or raw materials used in each deposit; together with the characteristics environmental, biotic resources and abiotic, and physical conditioning of geographical space in which is located. Among the deposits in the area analyzed are milestones of the investigation of Neolithic first on the Iberian peninsula, as the Cova de l'Or, the Cova of Cendres or the Mas d'Is, as well as the villages of Final Neolithic and Eneolithic, as they Jovades, the Ereta del Pedregal, Fuente Flores or Fuente de Isso. Overall, the volume of information that these caves and villages troop on their environment, cultivated species, pets or wildlife, or on employment, or on the use of raw materials available in the area, is truly remarkable. So that, through its spatial analysis and functional, shows a panorama formed by caves of room, rock-shelters, villages, funerary caves and caves with rock art, which allows raise different assumptions about the relations between them and the manner in which they evolve. Focusing on the successive phases which we associate with the archaeological contexts cardiales, epicardiales, postcardiales and Chalcolithic, can see the integration of the substrate population, the colonization of the inland areas along the V millennium BC, and other transformations that lead to the territoriality of villages and their caves of burial multiple along the fourth millennium BC. In this sense, this information has been managed through different scales of analysis. In the first of them has been sought functional characterization of each archaeological site with occupation neolithic. It has been revised and analyzed the information available in order to respond to the type of occupation which took in each time. While the information is very uneven deposits and regions, the implementation of GIS techniques has enabled raise a model of analysis of character mesospatial that complements the information existing archeological. With these techniques, the aim is to analyze the environment of the deposits, observe their potential through different coverages subjects related to the environment and raise the potential uses received from every point. Raised the possible functionality of each reservoir, each unit landform wide has been analyzed from a vision macro putting on the deposits by time phases. On the basis that the dating available are still low and do not allow refine the relations of contemporaneity between deposits, which has been sought is to establish different contexts of analysis based on the archaeological record and the radiocarbon dates. This work allows raise the existence of defined strategies aimed at obtaining a greater economic efficiency of each of the geographic spaces. Finally, and in conclusion, is a vision diachronically of settlement trying to look the keys to the transformations documented in the previous paragraphs. It chooses to compare each one of the areas of study in different times noting the similarities and asymmetries as a method to outline various social categorizations. In this sense, are also analyzed other aspects of society as the artistic expressions and funeral homes that are or are transformed into clear relationship with the social change occurred in the midst of societies neolithic that also have their reflection in the patterns of settlement. This work allows outline a pattern of settlement perfectly adapted to the environment that surrounds, with transformations gradual, but also point to respond to phenomena of fission and aggregation social characteristics of the formations economic and social tribal egalitarian. The work concludes analysing the historic moment in which begin to noted evidence patents of a breakup of the way of life equal and the emergence of the first social inequalities.

1996

Resumen Este trabajo trata algunos aspectos relativos al origen del Neolítico en la Península Ibérica. En el mismo se propone el modelo dual como alternativa a la dicotomía entre las posturas que asumen puntos de vista basados en el movimiento de personas (migracionistas) o de ideas/bienes (indigenistas). Su aplicación a la fachada oriental del Mediterráneo español permite evaluar sus posibilidades, apostando por una mayor complejidad y una lectura territorial del proceso de neolitización.

Menga. Revista de Prehistoria de Andalucia, nº. 4, PP. 53-77., 2013

""A MEDITERRANEAN PERSPECTIVE OF THE NEOLITHIZATION PROCESS. THE CAVE OF NERJA IN THE CONTEXT OF ANDALUSIA (SPAIN) Abstract: This paper offers an overview for the Early Neolithic of the southern coast of Andalusia (Spain). Analyses of materials recovered during the 1979-87 excavations in Nerja cave by professor Francisco Jordá Cerdá, including new radiocarbon dates on domestic taxa, allow us to examine the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition. Paleoenvironmental and paleoeconomic data (stratigraphy and bioarcheological data) combined with archaeological data (ornaments, bone tools, lithics, and ceramics were analysed) to provide a regional perspective on the neolithisation of the western Mediterranean. There is an apparent 500-year gap between occupations by the last coastal foragers and the earliest Neolithic farmers, and no evidence is found to suggest a local Neolithization. Our approach assumes a diffusion process of the Neolithic. Resumen: Este trabajo ofrece un balance sobre la neolitización de las costa meridional de Andalucía (España). El estudio de los materiales recuperados en las excavaciones dirigidas por el profesor Francisco Jordá Cerdá entre 1979-87 en la cueva de Nerja y la obtención de nuevas dataciones radiométricas sobre especies domésticas permiten una valoración sobre la transición Mesolítico-Neolítico. Los datos paleoambientales y paleoeconómicos (estratigrafía y bioarqueología) y arqueológicos (producciones líticas, óseas, adornos y cerámica) son valorados a la hora de plantear un análisis sobre la expansión del Neolítico con una perspectiva mediterránea. Los resultados indican que existe un vacío de datos de 500 años entre los últimos cazadores mesolíticos y los primeros agricultores y que nada indica que el Neolítico fuera un proceso local. Nuestra perspectiva asume un proceso de difusión del Neolítico.""

C ongreso Internacional 1910-2010. El Yacimiento Emeritense, 2010

[email protected] Para un historiador, pues no otra cosa somos los prehistoriadores, es más fácil hablar del pasado que hacer predicciones hacia el futuro. Yo soy prehistoriador y como tal me he ocupado en mi vida muchas veces del pasado o sobre temas con él relacionados, como el patrimonio arqueológico.