Metal Building Systems Manual

McGraw-Hill Companies., 2004

Some readers may not be clear on the exact subject of our discussion. Indeed, even a few design professionals tend to be confused by the term metal building system. "Are we talking about a structural steel building? Just what kind of a building is it? Is it a modular building? Or prefabricated? Or maybe panelized? Is it the same as a pre-engineered building?"-you might hear a lot. Though all of these terms involve some sort of structure designed and partially assembled in the shop by its manufacturer, they refer to quite different concepts. Before proceeding further, the distinctions need to be sorted out. Modular buildings consist of three-dimensional plant-produced segments that are shipped to a site for erection and final assembly by a field contractor. One of the most popular materials for modular buildings is wood, and such factory-produced units are common in housing construction. Another common application involves precast concrete formed into modular stackable prison cells that are completely prewired and prefinished. These modules are composed of four walls and a ceiling that also serves as a floor for the unit above. Modular steel systems, consisting of threedimensional column and joist modules bolted together in the field, were marketed in the 1960s and 1970s, with limited success. Modern metal building systems, however, cannot be called modular. Panelized systems include two-dimensional building components such as wall, floor, and roof sections, produced at the factory and field-assembled. In addition to the "traditional" precast concrete, modern exterior wall panels can be made of such materials as metals, brick, stone, and composite assemblies known as EIFS (Exterior Insulation and Finish System). While the exterior "skins" of metal buildings generally employ panels, the term panelized does not capture the essence of metal building systems and should not be used to describe them. Prefabricated buildings are made and substantially assembled at the factory. While the metal building industry has its roots in prefabricated buildings, this type today includes mostly small structures transported to the site in one piece, such as toll booths, kiosks, and household sheds. Modern metal buildings are not prefabricated in that sense. As we shall see, the changes in terminology parallel the evolution of the industry itself. 1.1.2 The First Metal Buildings The first building with an iron frame was the Ditherington Flax Mill constructed in Shrewsbury, England, in 1796. 1 Cast-iron columns were substituted for the usual timber in a calico mill constructed in nearby Derby 3 years earlier. These experiments with iron were prompted by frequent devastating fires in British cotton mills of the time. Once the fire-resistive properties of metal in buildings had been demonstrated, wrought-iron and cast-iron structural components gradually became commonplace.

Sociological changes, new technology in industry and commerce, new building codes, other new laws and regulations, inflationary economies of nations, and advances in building technology place an ever-increasing burden on building designers and constructors. They need more and more knowledge and skill to cope with the demands placed on them.

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/31, Structural use of steel, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 2014

Building Codes and Standards Books and Research Reports Building Policy Section, Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing Building Envelopes and the BC Building Code Victoria, BC: 1998 "In British Columbia, failures of building envelopes have continued despite the provincial building code's clear and explicit regulations and advances in the understanding of the behaviour of buildings. This paper was compiled to explain the scope of the building code, and to describe what is and is not covered by the regulations. A brief overview of key building science principles outlines the building code requirements and puts them into perspective. The paper concludes with a review of actions being taken by industry in British Columbia to address the building envelope problems that have arisen."

1996

The building physical evaluation of an innovative system of building : building physical aspects of the use of a steel structure in an industrial house building system. In

ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY

Building design codes (BDC) are used to control the construction industry in general and building design in particular. The BDC offers the construction sector with a standard language and set of requirements. There are several BDCs developed and utilized for construction purposes throughout the world. Certain design codes are employed in structural design to assure the structure’s health and safety, as well as its cost-effectiveness. It also assures that the structure is sufficiently sturdy to endure all potential climatic conditions, bear its intended load, and is integrated to ensure effective use of building materials and resources. This research aims to compare various building construction design codes to identify and explore the most appropriate standard in terms of safe design, economics, and availability of details. In Kurdistan and different parts of Iraq, many international companies have designed building structures with various codes during the past 20 years. This is a b...