The relation between ontologies and XML schemas

2000

Currently computers are changing from single isolated devices to entry points in a world wide network of information exchange and business transactions called the World Wide Web (WWW). Therefore support in data, information, and knowledge exchange becomes the key issue in current computer technology. Ontologies provide a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated between people and application systems. Therefore, they may play a major role in supporting information exchange processes in various areas. However, in order to develop their full power, the representation languages for ontologies must be comparative with existing data exchange standards in the World Wide Web. Therefore, we compare the two main standardization efforts in these areas. We will compare OIL the arising standard for exchanging ontologies with XML schemas which is the arising standard for describing structure and semantics of Web documents.

2000

Abstract XML and RDF are the current standards for establishing semantic interoperability on the Web, but XML addresses only document structure. RDF better facilitates interoperation because it provides a data model that can be extended to address sophisticated ontology representation techniques. We explain the role of ontologies in the architecture of the Semantic Web.

2001

Arxiv preprint arXiv:1001.4901, 2010

Abstract. In this paper, we present a method and a tool for deriving a skeleton of an ontology from XML schema files. We first recall what an is ontology and its relationships with XML schemas. Next, we focus on ontology building methodology and associated tool ...

Computer Networks, 2002

Recently, there has been a wide interest in using ontologies on the Web. As a basis for this, RDF Schema (RDFS) provides means to define vocabulary, structure and constraints for expressing metadata about Web resources. However, formal semantics are not provided, and the expressivity of it is not enough for full-fledged ontological modeling and reasoning. In this paper, we will show how RDFS can be extended in such a way that a full knowledge representation (KR) language can be expressed in it, thus enriching it with the required additional expressivity and the semantics of this language. We do this by describing the ontology language OIL as an extension of RDFS. An important advantage of our approach is a maximal backward compatability with RDFS: any meta-data in OIL format can still be partially interpreted by any RDFS-only-processor. The OIL extension of RDFS has been carefully engineered so that such a partial interpretation of OIL meta-data is still correct under the intended semantics of RDFS: simply ignoring the OIL specific portions of an OIL document yields a correct RDF(S) document whose intended RDFS semantics is precisely a subset of the semantics of the full OIL statements. In this way, our approach ensures maximal sharing of meta-data on the Web: even partial interpretation of meta-data by less semantically aware processors will yield a correct partial interpretation of the metadata. We conclude that our method of extending is equally applicable to other KR formalisms.

Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition, 2015

Proceedings. 13th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications

One of the major problems in the realization of the vision of the "Semantic Web" is the transformation of existing web data into sources that can be processed and used by machines. This paper presents a procedure that can be used to turn XML documents into knowledge structures, by interpreting them as RDF data via an RDF-Schema specification. This allows semantic annotation of XML documents via external RDF-Schema specifications. This procedure could potentially multiply the availability of semantically annotated data.

2004

The paper discusses a framework for evaluating and comparing methodologies for ontology development and its application to the evaluation of three existing methodologies. The framework is characterised by a domain-independent step and by an application-driven step. It has been adopted to analyse and compare three methodologies, the "Ontology Development 101" methodology, the "Unified Methodology" and EXPLODE, in respect to the analysis, design, verification and implementation of an ontology for content-based retrieval of XML documents.

One definition of an ontology is that it is a specification of a conceptualization that is designed for reuse across multiple applications [Gr93,Gu95]. By a conceptualization, we mean a set of concepts, relations, objects, and constraints that define a semantic model of some domain of interest. An ontology is a specification of a conceptualization in the sense that it is a formal encoding of the concepts, relations, objects, and constraints within that semantic model.

2005

Translating XML data into ontologies is the problem of finding an instance of an ontology, given an XML document and a specification of the relationship between the XML schema and the ontology. Previous study [8] has investigated the ad hoc approach used in XML data integration. In this paper, we consider to translate an XML web document to an instance of an OWL-DL ontology in the Semantic Web.

Dictionary of XML Technologies and the Semantic Web, 2004

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Geroimenko, Vladimir, 1955-Dictionary of XML technologies and the semantic Web I Vladimir Geroimenko p. cm.-(Springer professional computing) Includes bibliographical references.

Proceedings of iiWAS, 2007, 2007

This paper addresses the problem that exists in the context of XML to ontology translation. We firstly discuss the problem regarding the loss of information during roundtrip transformation between XML and ontology followed by the proposal of a mapping representation ontology for modeling concept mappings defined between XML schema and ontology. Our goal is to enable bidirectional data conversion between XML and ontology as well as achieving seamless XML data translation through ontology mediation.

Concepts, Opportunities and Challenges, 2011

The target of the conversion of XML data to ontological sources is to index, integrate and enrich existing ontology from knowledge acquired from these sources. Our contribution in this area is to classify the approaches for transforming XML documents into OWL ontologies which are more advanced in order to show the usage profile of each. In addition, the advantages and drawbacks are underlines for each of the methods. Hence, this paper focuses on ontology enrichment and population processes using XML data. The target ontologies are formal ontologies such as OWL (Ontology Web Language) and RDF (Resource Description Framework) languages of the Semantic Web. These languages are based on Description logics which are the foundation of formal semantics. The data sources are usually without formal semantics because they are used to store, to export and to share data between processes able to process the specific data structure. However, even if the semantics are not explicitly expressed, data structure contains the universe of discourse by using qualified vocabulary regarding a consensual agreement. In order to formalize this semantics, the OWL ontology language provided rich logical constraints. Therefore, these logical constraints are evolved in the transformation of XML documents into OWL documents allowing the enrichment and the population of the target ontology.

Leipziger Informatik-Tage, 2005