Note pe marginea mormântului cu inele de buclă de la Butuceni

2022

In the Austrian Bukovina there were two private societies, with an archaeological-historical-museistic profile: the Museum Society of Siret, founded by Captain Josef von Gutter (1870-1886) and the Romanian Archaeological Society from Chernivtsi, founded and led by the amateur archaeologist Dionisie Olinescu (1886-1893). Olinescuʼs society took over an important part of the collections of the Museum Society of Siret, completed them and contributed directly to the foundation of the collections of the National Museum of Bukovina (Bukowiner Landes-Museum) in Chernivtsi (1893). The following article captures a small fragment from the life of Dionisie Olinescu, the most important Romanian archaeologist of the Austrian Bukovina, forced by unfavorable circumstances to leave the province in the year of 1893 and to take refuge in the Romanian Kingdom, where he had a quite difficult career trajectory. The letter in question contains some novel elements regarding Dionisie Olinescuʼs biography and family and his activity after 1893. The letter brings, at the same time, a modest contribution to the historiography of the archaeology of Bukovina.

During the archaeological campaign of 2012 in the area of the Sultana-Malu Roșu cemetery, Mânăstirea commune, Călăraşi County, a large pit (C3/2012) was discovered. What caught our attention in particular was the stratigraphic relation and also the unusual size of the pit as compared to other complexes discovered in necropolis. Pit contained pottery, animal and human bones, burnt clay fragments, flint and polished stone artefacts. From de chrono-cultural point of view C3/2012 belongs to Vidra phase of the Boian culture. Contextual observations and complex analysis of ceramics, bone and lithic material from the filling of the pit allowed us to extract information regarding the chrono-cultural placement and functionality of the pit mentioned above.

2009

Cercetări arheologice, 2006

The lithic inventory (artifacts and rock fragments) discovered on the Eneolithic tell-type settlement Borduşani Popină during the 1995-1997 archaeological excavations represents several rock types: silicolith, limestone, marl, gritty limestone, sandstone, micro-conglomerate, green-schist, mica-schist, quartzite, dolerite and granodiorite. Most of these rock types crop out on large areas in Dobrogea, with potential source areas for the lithic material located as close as 10-20 km away from the settlement. However, for the igneous rocks the closest outcrops are located in North Dobrogea, at distances of minimum 70-80 km from the settlement.

Analele Banatului XIX 2021

Tibiscum is one of the biggest Roman auxiliary forts in Dacia and one of the most interesting sites of this kind. It comprises a military fort with its civil settlement and the remains of other structures related to them. The environment around Tibiscum makes it interesting also from the geological point of view. The Timiş River flowing along the fort changed its riverbed regularly in the past, causing troubles to the inhabitants and now to the archaeologists. The broader area around Tibiscum has been only partly researched and still awaits further investigations. The goal of our two-year research was a better understanding of the ancient landscape around Tibiscum and a spatial allocation of settlements and infrastructure. A set of various methods has been implemented to cover the largest area available for the surveys without using excavation methods. Non-destructive survey allowed to collect data which led to the new conclusions about the settlement complex.Following the analysed ...

Cercetări Arheologice, 2012

A major real estate development required a rescue archaeology intervention in the very downtown Bucharest, mainly between February and June 1996. A large section, 75 long and about 3 m large was made in the street, mostly mechanically, just in the front of the National History Museum. The archaeological rescue digging documented 12 rooms belonging to a large inn, built by a famous Ruler of the Romanian Country (Ţara Românească), Constantin Brâncoveanu, in the last decade of the XVIIlh century. This kind of inn, of Oriental inspiration, is typical for the passage from Late Middle Age to Modem times, and is, in fact, a complex project including hosting areas, enclosure for animals, large storehouses, but usually churches also. Flourishing in towns with a certain demographic growth, but with a very poor communication means, like Bucharest, the inns were supposed to gather all goods needed by community in five months of cold and wet weather, when the road network was impracticable. The inn functioned about 160 years, until around 1860, the internai spaces being frequently restored, up to 7 times. Despite the fact that the landlord was unique, for its entire existence, a comparison between the type of internai rehabilitation operations proved that the initiative was lefi on tenants, the sequence type offloors (wood, bricks or vegetal cover) being unrepeatable. The use ofthe spaces-when proved by micromorphological study-is also distinctive, either cooking area, workshops connected with open fire, or even stables for sheep, for some relatively short episodes. Those 12 rooms are placed on the western wing of the building, on the main facade, facing a major street-Podul Mogoşoaiei-studied in the southem end of the archaeological section. The public road was made of wooden boards supported by wooden pillars buried under the walking levei, similarly with a bridge, from which the street took its name ("pod" meaning bridge). This type of public street, made entirely of wood, is documented in wet lowlands, where stone is not available, like Timişoara (western Romania). The history of the place begins during the late XV 1 h century, for which deep buried huts were discovered. For the mid XVIlh century a new type ofhouse was in use, made ofwood, relatively large and with cellars, typical for aristocracy. In the XVIIlh century this strip of land was no more a constructive area, a little cemetery being discovered in the southem part of the trench. The layers dated between the cellar-houses and the inn are first in which fragments of bricks and mortar were recorded, probably from buildings in proximity. Regarding the political history of the Romanian countries, it might be surprising that from our discoveries Ottoman co ins are missing. W e found instead some Turkish pipes, a good witness of adopting an oriental lifestyle. This paper also presents the main results of the sedimentological and micromorphological study performed on Constantin Vodă Inn archaeological site. The field study firstly considered in the analysis of the sedimentary successions observed on the main stratigraphic profiles and the identification of the different types of units. The main diagnostic criteria observed in the field at the macroscopic leveitexture, structure, color, nature of constituents, homogeneity and degree of compaction-allowed establishing a typology of sedimentary facies necessary for the interpretation in terms of mechanisms of formation, in order to identify human activities and post-abandon transformations of the accurnulated deposits. Thus, different types of construction and arrangement units, occupation units and natural accumulations were recognized. Micromorphological analysis, at the microscopic scale, brings detailed information on the sedimentary units and thus contributes to a better interpretation of the archaeological levels. Extraordinary information provided by this study is the identification of sferulites, structures indicating the presence of the domestic animals (Ovis/Capra) in spaces fitted out with a wooden floor. The palinological expertise-the first ever done in an archaeological site from Bucharest-revealed a predominance of a ruderal vegetation, followed by hydrophilic vegetation and lowlands trees, but not cereals, explained by the position is in the middle of the medieval town.

Diacronia, 2017

Vita di Pietro este o lucrare alcătuită de grecul Antonio Catiforo în limba italiană, publicată la Veneția, în 1736; o versiune a sa în limba greacă a fost publicată tot la Veneția, un an mai tîrziu, de către Alexandros Kankellarios. Lucrarea conține șase cărți și sintetizează informațiile oferite de surse referitoare la epoca și personalitatea țarului rus. În română, ea a cunoscut mai multe traduceri la jumătatea și în a doua perioadă a secolului al XVIII-lea, în toate cele trei provincii românești. Numărul mare de copii arată interesul de care s-a bucurat această lucrare în epocă. Articolul de față prezintă cîteva particularități ale transferului numelor proprii din limba-sursă în limba-țintă. Am analizat patru tipuri de nume proprii: horonimul Moscovia și etnonimul aferent, horonime occidentale, antroponime rusești, antroponime de alte origini, urmărind felul în care traducătorii se raportează la sursă și diferențele dintre versiuni din acest punct de vedere.

Cercetări Arheologice, 2021

Lucrările de implementare a proiectului BRUA au impus și realizarea evaluării arheologice a traseului magistralei pentru gaze naturale și, apoi, implicit, în funcție de situații, a cercetărilor arheologice preventive. În cele ce urmează, ne vom opri asupra unor rezultate punctuale din zona de traseu BRUA din centrul județului Giurgiu-Mirău (com. Stoenești). Stratigrafia sitului este predominant naturală. Toate intervențiile stratigrafice (un foarte probabil sondaj de diagnostic-Cx2, două gropi medievale-Cx1 și Cx3, precum și o serie de stâlpi de lemn pe care îi atribuim unor împrejmuiri din anii 70-80 ai sec. al XX-lea) afectează un nivel de sol antic și sunt, stratigrafic, acoperite de nivelul celui actual, arat. Ceramica și resturile arheozoologice sunt singurele materiale descoperite și recuperate. Provin exclusiv din cuprinsul celor două complexe medievale. Chiar dacă inventarul Cx3 este mai slab cantitativ, caracteristicile ambelor categorii sunt unitare, dovedind atât o contemporaneitate, cât și manifestări și comportamente identice. În cadrul ansamblului ceramic al Cx1 au fost identificate și definite cinci categorii de pastă; materialul este parțial întregibil. Materialul ceramic descoperit în Cx3 este foarte fragmentar și în totalitate neîntregibil. Au fost identificate numai două categorii principale de pastă (P1 și P2, prezente și în cadrul ceramicii provenite din Cx1), cu variante nesemnificative. Datăm cele două complexe undeva în sec. al XVI-lea. Datarea materialului ceramic concordă cu prima atestare documentară a Mirăului. Chiar dacă cele două gropi au fost săpate pentru utilizarea sedimentelor-ea însăși o activitate nefirească, extragerea lutului fiind mai facilă din marginea terasei-, ele au fost folosite ulterior pentru redepozitare de deșeuri (?), inclusiv de resturi a numeroase focuri domestice. În cadrul economiei animaliere de la Mirău se creșteau o serie de animale domestice, printre acestea bovinele sunt predominate, ele fiind urmate de către ovicaprine și porcine care își dispută locul doi. Bovinele erau exploatate de o manieră mixtă (carne și lapte), dar nu trebuie omisă nici contribuția acestora la tracțiune (ca forță de muncă), în timp ce ovicaprinele erau crescute pentru produsele lor secundare (lapte și lână). Remarcăm consumul alimentar al calului (hipofagia) care probabil era ocazional. Acest fenomen este întâlnit de o manieră izolată în evul mediu românesc în ciuda interdicțiilor religioase. În cazul de față, ne putem gândi fie la un moment de criză alimentară, fie la valorificarea în alimentație a animalelor bătrâne/accidentate. Rezultatele acestui studiu includ utilizarea în alimentație și a peștilor (știuca, plătica, crapul, șalăul și somnul) și a păsărilor domestice (găina și gâsca). O serie de fragmente ceramice, ținând cont de caracteristicile fabric-ului, sunt preistorice-cel mai probabil, gumelnițene. Firește, sunt elemente intruzive în complexul respectiv. Informațiile de natură stratigrafică sunt pe deplin completate de cele arheozoologice. Lăsând deoparte rațiunile pentru care au fost săpate cele două gropi-estimăm că momentul principal de umplere antropică, plasat cronologic la scurt timp după excavare, s-a petrecut în sezonul cald, pentru ca, momentul principal de umplere naturală să aparțină sezonului rece. Revenirea antropică sesizată în cazul Cx1 se va fi petrecut la sfârșitul acestui sezon rece sau la debutul sezonului cald următor, dar nu are absolut niciuna din caracteristicile anterioare. Din păcate, cunoaștem foarte puțin despre locuirile rurale medievale din Țara Românească, cu elemente decelate pentru a putea fi comparate.

Analele Banatului XXVI 2018, 2018

Studiul artefactelor metalice de epocă romană a ate în colecţia MBM ne-a fost facilitat de către regretatul arheolog și director al MBM, Prof.univ. dr. Dumitru Țeicu, motiv pentru care îi datorăm recunoștinţa noastră.

2023

The issue of the history of the Romanians from the former Szekler seats of Ciuc, Giurgeu, Odorhei and Treiscaune and of the main identity institutionsthe church (Orthodox and Greek Catholic) and the confessional schools that functioned under the auspices of these churches has been little researched. Benefiting from access to ecclesiastical and secular documentary sources, little researched, the present study aims to introduce into the scientific circuit information about the state of places of worship and confessional schools built by members of some Romanian communities with a small number of members, most of them living in ethnically mixed localities, with a numerically majority Szekler/Hungarian population. In these conditions, an important role was played by the solidarity of the Romanians living on both sides of the Carpathians, who we find among the founders of the modest wooden churches, and after 1785, also of stone, and of the confessional school buildings. This solidarity was also manifested between the Romanian communities in the area. When a Romanian community, with a larger number of believers, managed to build a new church, the old one was donated to neighboring communities with few believers, thus witnessing the phenomenon called "traveling churches". Where communities with a small number of Romanians have not managed to maintain their church, we witness the acceleration of the denationalization process and, finally, the disappearance of these communities. Instead, where it was possible to save the Orthodox and Greek-Catholic churches and the confessional schools in the Romanian language, religion and school were the main factors promoting Christian teaching,