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2010, Media Studies in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Print media is dead! At least that is what many ‘pundits’ continue to argue. But, if that is the case, why is Rupert Murdoch, managing director of media conglomerate News Corporation, still buying up so many newspapers around the world? And, if print media have become so inconsequential, then why even study them? Because even if the transmission of some printed words moves from paper to pixels, the power of words to transform society remains perpetually strong. Whether on T-shirts, magazines, bumper stickers, books, billboards, newspapers, fliers, posters or newsletters, print media extend into almost every corner of our lives.
International Journal of Communication, 2014
Newspapers’ online experiments have not reversed their falling fortunes. Despite the decreases in print circulation suffered by newspapers in developed countries, and two decades of investment in digital distribution, many newspapers still have a larger number of readers for their print products than for their online editions via PCs (see, e.g., NRS, 2017a). The effects of these undersized online audiences are exacerbated by the fact that readers of digital editions are an order of magnitude or two less attentive than their print counterparts (Thurman, 2017). The result is that newspapers receive by far the greater part of their audience attention from their print channels (ibid.). This distribution of attention is an explanation for why print continues to deliver high proportions of newspaper revenue (Pew Research Center, 2016: 14). This chapter examines some of the symptoms and causes of the crisis facing newspapers via analyses of their finances and of audience measures. The consequences of the crisis, and whether there are any realistic remedies, are also considered, both in relation to journalism as a product and to the institutions, such as newspapers, that have traditionally produced it. We start with an analysis of the financial performance of multiplatform news publishers in Australia, Europe and the USA, which leads us to conclude that digital distribution is not reversing newspapers’ decline, and raises questions about the support for journalism in the long term. Next, some of the consequences of the declines that have already taken place are discussed. Moving from consequences to possible remedies, the chapter focuses on two areas. Firstly, media policy, and secondly, journalism as a product: what news should be produced and how it should be delivered. Another strand of the chapter concerns audience measures. They are used to help explain newspapers’ continuing dependency on print revenues, and are understood, depending on their constitution and use, as both a party to the crisis and as an able assistant in its alleviation.
Participations: Journal of Audience and Reception Studies, 2017
This article reports on the New Zealand case study within a larger project investigating cross-media news repertoires within (and across) national audiences. Six key news media repertoires emerged in this case study; heavy news consumers; hybrid browsers; digital browsers; ambivalent networkers; mainstream multiplatformers; and casual and connected). Despite a range of news media outlets available within New Zealand, particularly across digital platforms, participants consistently noted a relatively narrow social, cultural and political discursive field for news content in the country. Within this context, the news repertoires identified within this case study highlighted the high value placed by news consumers on national daily newspapers (print and online), and the continued salience of television and radio news broadcasting for some audience segments. But findings also offered a snapshot of the ways these are being supplemented or replaced, for some audience segments, by digital news outlets (even as these also generated dissatisfaction from many participants).
Newspapers have been a primary medium for journalism since the eighteenth century. Since then, new creative tendencies and technologies have changed news production and its evolution. Radio and television, that once were called New Media, seemingly could have jeopardized the existence of the newspaper, however, history proved that instead of disappearing it had to reinvent itself and consequently bring new contents in order to adapt to new times. Even the fact that many newspapers around the world are going out of business, does not mean necessarily that newspapers will disappear, on the contrary, traditional media is slowly shifting its model because they no longer have the strength to concentrate information as before and consequently, new media is developing through other business logics. As mentioned, the arrival of free news on the Internet has played a part in falling revenues for print media. As newspapers and new communication technologies, are trying to still be profitable, major changes regarding content are going to take place in order to still compete in a rampant world of immediate information. From public affairs news to a more entertainment driven news, there must be a huge shift in the near future in terms on news production in pursuance of its own niche market. The aim of this essay is to bring up the idea of a two-way relationship between digital and print news in which both are trying to coexist. The first part approaches the way online news have gained territory in comparison with its counterpart the printed newspaper which is, presumably in crisis. The second part will address on how the content in newspapers has to be revised in order to adapt to new ways of news consumption. In the last part I will focus on how market plays an important role on news production and how media follows its rules in order to maintain audiences and still be profitable.
Indian media in a globalised world, 2010
The Routledge Handbook of Developments in Digital Journalism Studies, 2018
Newspapers' online experiments have not reversed their falling fortunes. Despite the decreases in print circulation suffered by newspapers in developed countries, and two decades of investment in digital distribution, many newspapers still have a larger number of readers for their print products than for their online editions via PCs (see, e.g., NRS, 2017a). The effects of these undersized online audiences are exacerbated by the fact that readers of digital editions are an order of magnitude or two less attentive than their print counterparts (Thurman, 2017). The result is that newspapers receive by far the greater part of their audience attention from their print channels (ibid.). This distribution of attention helps to explain print's continued delivery of high proportions of newspaper revenue (Pew Research Center, 2016: 14). This chapter examines some of the symptoms and causes of the crisis facing newspapers via analyses of their finances and audience measures. The consequences of the crisis, and whether there are any realistic remedies, are also considered, both in relation to journalism as a product and to the institutions, such as newspapers, that have traditionally produced it. We start with an analysis of the financial performance of multiplatform news publishers in Australia, Europe and the USA, which leads us to conclude that digital distribution is not reversing newspapers' decline, and raises questions about the support for journalism in the long term. Next, some of the consequences of the declines that have already taken place are discussed. Moving from consequences to possible remedies, the chapter focuses on two areas. Firstly, media policy, and secondly, journalism as a product: what news should be produced and how it should be delivered. Another strand of the chapter concerns audience measures. They are used to help explain newspapers' continuing dependency on print revenues, and are understood, depending on their constitution and use, as both a party to the crisis and as an able assistant in its alleviation. Symptoms News publishers are reporting strong increases in their digital revenues (see, e.g., Fairfax Media, 2017). We must, however, be careful how we interpret such claims and skeptical about the ability of 'digital-first' strategies to transform the fortunes of struggling news outlets. As this section illustrates, increases in news publishers' digital revenues must be seen in the context of their total revenue and, if we are interested in the sustainability of the journalism that they produce, we must disentangle the performance of their news and non-news businesses. Although the circulations of newspapers in some Western economies have been in decline for decades-they peaked in 1984 in the United States (Chittum, 2014) and
Journal of Sociology, 2007
When Rupert Murdoch announced in April 2004 that he intended to see his company, News Corporation, reincorporated in the United States, two competing representations of the `media mogul' came to dominate the press's interpretation of this event. The first of these `Murdoch representations' was the most common, and painted an image of a successful entrepreneur, a `celebrity CEO'. Yet, the second `Murdoch representation' painted a different image, a more detailed portrait, with critical attention paid to the modus operandi of the world's most notorious media proprietor. This article deconstructs these representations of Murdoch, a mythic fracturing of image resulting from the political economy of the Australian press. In essence, the article explores issues of media diversity, myth and ideology, and the propensity of the press for critical, impartial, journalism. The empirical data are drawn from an analysis of two of Australia's pre-eminent newspapers: The Australian and the Sydney Morning Herald.
The universe of journalism has always consisted of interspersed texts, practices and meanings. Yet, much journalism research has often isolated either texts and/or contexts and thus assumed relations between professional practices, informed (rational) readers and (conceived) core texts. It is, however, more important than ever to shift attention away from texts to the processes through which they are circulated. This is partly because the many cultural forms of journalism (textual, institutional, technological, material, behavioural and imagined) are undergoing significant changes, one of which is being interrelated in new and increasingly complex ways. To understand some of the related processes, this article proposes a notion of circulation that implies a close attention to the ways in which the various forms of this landscape travel, intertwine and connect and, in particular, to the ways in which these forms construct and maintain what is termed cultures of circulation. In order to approach such processes, this article traces the photographic mediation of a specific event with the overall aim of beginning a theorization of the landscape of journalism as interrelated cultures of circulation.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 14616700902812959, 2009
Using in-depth interviews, newsroom observation, and internal documents, this case-study presents and analyses changes that have taken place at Finnish financial daily Taloussanomat since it stopped printing on 28 December 2007 to focus exclusively on digital delivery via the web, email, and mobile. It reveals the savings that can be achieved when a newspaper no longer prints and distributes a physical product; but also the revenue lost from subscriptions and print advertising. The consequences of a newspaper's decision to go online-only are examined as they relate to its business model, website traffic, and editorial practice. The findings: illustrate the extent to which the medium rather than the content it carries determines news consumption patterns, show the differing attention a newspaper and its online substitute command, and reveal the changes to working patterns journalists can expect in the online-only environment.
This essay explores how the advent of new media, such as the Internet, has posed a challenge to conventional media, focusing on newspapers and its evolution as a mass communication medium.
MEDIANZ: Media Studies Journal of Aotearoa New Zealand, 2017
was designed as a forum to encourage debate about the media and its audiences in Aotearoa/New Zealand. This was thematically connected to the electoral cycle and engineered to look beyond it. The 2017 General Election has allowed media academics, workers, owners and audiences an opportunity to re-engage with media policy in New Zealand-an area that has slipped from political debate in recent years. This is critical work, as the way New Zealanders understand the issues that shape our society are heavily influenced by the media that they engage with. In the lead-up to the 2017 general election, we have had an opportunity to scrutinise political parties' media policies and to see into the future of our critical media infrastructure in a time of change, disruption and challenge. The name Agenda 2020 was adopted to reflect both media power in framing information and the intention of the project-to meet, debate, and develop solutions to the media issues facing Aotearoa/New Zealand. The articles presented here are both shaped by current issues and debates around the New Zealand media and by thinking past the three-year election cycle and into the future. This challenges us to debate and shape-in a considered and deliberate manner-the ongoing development of the media in New Zealand. This reflects a growing interest in the role of the media in New Zealand's political, cultural, economic and social arenas, with groups such as the Coalition for Better Broadcasting and the campaign to Save Radio New Zealand coalescing around issues of deregulation, commercialisation, reduced funding and political apathy towards the media. The recent history of public engagement with critical media
Headline: Hundreds of American newspapers abandon printing on paper; seek escape via cyberspace. Some, like the banks, will not survive. This is the situation as it appears today, a moment of disconnect between newspapers and their traditional audiences brought about in large part by communication technologies, ironically, underwritten originally by newspaper people, and as usual there are great doubts about what should be done next: Will the owners try to save the two-dimensional world of journalism on paper, which they have been defending and strengthening for centuries? Or, is now the right moment for a counter attack, usually a despairing defender's attempt to break out of a death trap? Or, is this a moment to try to recapture the attention of the American people by abandoning the refuge of a paper fortress in the hope of building a new life in a universe that has an infinity of dimensions? In other words, is this the moment to change game strategy and tactics or to play a different game? Whichever of these one believes would be the best course of action, the moment is unprecedented in the history of journalism. 2 It is therefore worthwhile to look back in time to review some of the origins of electronic computer technologies in newspapers, to recall the time when these unfamiliar machines were first integrated into the paradigm of printing on paper. It will be useful
International Journal of Communication, 2017
Content analyses of large and internationally influential American newspapers show that today only 35% of the front-page articles are traditional, event-centered news articles, down from 69% 25 years ago. Of the event-centered news, only 47% mentioned the main development in the first paragraph. This study argues that newspapers have transformed in functions and style such that they no longer deliver first-instance news reporting, but serve as an analytical and/or in-depth complement to the more immediate, instantaneous online news outlets. Broader implications of the findings including theoretical connections to comparative media systems, medium theory, and professional role conceptions of journalists are discussed.
caerdydd.ac.uk
Newspapers, particularly in the Western world, have seen paid circulation decline in the last decade. Online news is abundantly available, but at the same time newspapers -in print and online -often serve as sources for other media. Their position is definitely weaker than before, but it would be an exaggeration to write their obituary right now. In this research we track the significance of newspapers in 160 countries worldwide by calculating how many people use daily newspapers and how this changed over the last decade. We compare countries and continents, and distinguish between paid and free newspapers.
New media old news: Journalism and democracy in the …, 2009
Intellect eBooks, 2011
Print media markets in Europe are confronted with challenging changes that threaten to destabilize the relationship between newspapers, the advertisers and their publics. Those changes are occurring fast, thus granting the management of print media actors only a limited time to adopt new strategies to reach the vanishing public and to find innovative solutions to attract advertisers. The factors of change are related to societal developments, to shifts in audience and advertising preferences, but also to the appearance of new media competitors; these factors apply more specifically to the newspaper market where free sheets and online media are turning the traditional business model upside down. This may call for experiments, e.g. synergies with online media, mobile platforms and e-readers. It also poses new challenges to decision makersnot only at the national level, but also in the European Union (EU) and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)who are habitually more willing to regulate broadcasting than matters concerning the print media. Digital technology enables media firms to become part of the convergence process that transforms individual media companies into integrated media corporations that offer new possibilities, but also new threats for media content and distribution (Picard 2004). The adoption of technological innovation has implications not only on news gathering and news processing but also on media concentration and the development of political systems (Hallin and Mancini 2004). European newspaper publishers are struggling to find a new market position facing Google and other non-journalistic media appropriating their traditional income from classified ads, and readers preferring free media to print-based media on subscription. Newspapers do not only face the Internet as a technological challenge. More fundamentally, the very business model of subscription and single copy sale supplemented by classified advertising is in jeopardy. New payment models such as micro payments have failed so far, and cut backs in staff offers only temporarily provide relief from the major challenge: how to sell less of more (Anderson 2006) and still make enough money to offer high quality journalism. In this chapter we will discuss characteristics and current development trends in the print industry, identify strategic responses by the print media industry and spot patterns of print media policy in Europe. We illustrate these processes by taking a closer look to the print media in selected areas: Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway and Sweden), the German speaking countries (Germany, Switzerland and Austria) and the Benelux countries (Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands). We also include information from eastern European print markets. Table 1: Number and Circulation of Paid for Daily Newspapers.
The Conversation, 2016
Many of us have already given up on newspapers, of course, and won’t miss print if indeed it dies out as a mass media platform. We access our news on iPads, or mobile phones, or laptops, and find ourselves turning actual, real pages to read our journalism only in those rare – and becoming rarer all the time - situations where there is no internet access. And by digital means we have access to more news and journalism than any previous generation ever did. I read more news, not less, because of the online revolution.
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