Ecological Analysis of Urban Parks (Case Study: Mashhad Metropolitan

The International Conference on Civil and Architecture Engineering, 2012

The interest of all human societies with environment has grown recently especially after lifestyle associated with dangerous environmental crisis, such as loss of biodiversity and shrinking green space, air and water pollution , global w arming and the depletion of non-renewable resources, which prompted the call for a sustainable alternative model works to achieve harmony between the achievement of development objectives on the one hand and the protection of the environment and sustainabi lity on the other hand The UN Conference on Environment and Development include a set of criteria and indicators that reflect the positive outlook for the sustainability of human settlements development to create an environment based high-efficiency. Urban parks are considered one of the important mechanisms for achieving sustainable urban development from this standpoint this research focuses on the study of urban parks and their role in achieving sustainable development. It then concentrate on a case stu dy of one of the sustainable success environmental parks in Abu Dhabi (Al Ain park) as a model for environmental and identify the advantages to find out extent of application of each to sustainable development criteria in order to get cleaner and green environment in the future follow the highest standards of sustainable development.

Inside the Spaces, Landscape plays an important public role in the cultural, ecological, environmental and social field; it also contributes to the formation of local cultures. And beside all of that, landscape is an important part of the quality of life for people everywhere. And designing the landscape is an endless process of movement and change, which respond to environmental conditions and human activities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate designed historic landscape of urban parks, and how we can develop it by understanding the main principles of it. The paper vehicle is to analysis the role of urban parks in the city, and addressing the main principles of historic landscape and reach by the end of this paper the right methodology to evaluate the existing landscape. Alazhar Park in Cairo (Egypt) is used as a case study to explore its landscape, the results are based on the observation and recording of site visits, beside documentation of designed historic la...

Ciência e Natura, 2015

Nowadays, attention to strengthen environmental problems, effected from increasing population and process of development in countries, one of the major concern of designers is recognition of the suitable conditions of natural environment, and promotion of the environmental quality. This case with focus to present capabilities and uses of biodiversity and domestic is applied. Eco-park is one of the capabilities which have been designed to the following objectives: Protection of environment and environmental technology progress, Promenade and demonstrate, Learning information for public and Displaying unification between nature and human and their mutual relationship for promotion the comprehension of environment.This paper is about investigation and recognition of capabilities, for creating the suitable situation to change as regional Eco-park. The Case study is named "Beshghardash" that is located in 5th Kilometers Bodjnourd ( center of northern Khorasan province ). This r...

Assessment of Environmental Benefits of Urban Parks A Case Study from Nazilli, Turkey, 2022

Urban parks, one of the most important components of cities, are taking on an increasing rolein urban life. With these roles, urban parks offer social, economic and environmental benefits tothe society. Urban parks offer a variety of environmental benefits that are important tothe well-being of urban residents. Environmental benefits of urban parks include climatic amelioration, hydrological cycle, biodiversity, sustainability and noise screening. Parks increase the quality of life in urban areas with there environmental benefits. Evaluating the environmental benefits of urban parks can improve the understanding of urban green space protection and management.Among the parks of Nazilli district examined in this study, the park with the highest contribution to environmental benefits (Good level) is theŞehit Önder Ayıklar park with a score of 0.76, while those with the lowest contribution to environmental benefits (Poor level) are Adnan Menderes and Cumhuriyet park with a score of 0.35. While the contribution of the parks of Nazilli district to climatic amelioration is at the "Very Good" level with the highest score (0.87), their contribution tothe hydrological cycle is at the "Poor level" with the lowest score (0.23). The contributions of the parks to noise screening (0.37) are "Poor", their contributions to biodiversity (0.55) and sustainability (0.56) are "Fair". The environmental benefits of Nazilli parks (0.52) are at "Fair" level. In order to increase the environmental benefits of Nazilli parks, their contributions tothe hydrological cycle, noise screening, biodiversity and sustainability should be increased.

Sustainability

Urban parks play an important role in increasing the quality of urban life. Thus, a variety of approaches to planning and decision-making regarding sustainable open spaces and urban parks is needed, especially when models from one location are borrowed to another with a very different culture. In many developing countries cities are expanding without proper planning of public green spaces which places pressure on the quality of life. In common with many Middle Eastern cities, Tehran, the capital of Iran is a large sprawling metropolis which has experienced fast growth since 1970 and with little in the way of comprehensive planning of green spaces as an organised system. To date there has been no comprehensive investigation of urban parks regarding their level of use, range of activities, quality of maintenance, evidence of anti-social activities or the demographic character of their catchment—important information for effective park planning. In this study a representative sample of...

Nowadays the international attempts to conserve the environment are mainly related to some issues such as; biologically diverse and reasonably non-touched ecosystems. Beside, the location of people live and work, for a small green space in cities and to their profits to people, much less attention is paid to this kind of nature. Much evidence show that the attendance of natural areas leads to the quality of life in many methods. Moreover, many environmental services, urban nature prepare essential social and psychological profits to human society that improves the lives of human senses and emotions. The major objective of this paper is to examine the significance of the urban nature of the welfare of the citizens and the sustainability of the city they live. Some outcomes of a survey conducted between visitors of a city park in Qazvin (The Mellat) are showed and argued. The issues examined concern the motives of people for the urban nature, the emotional dimension involved in the experience of nature and its significance for the broad welfare of the people. The results prove that the experience of nature in an urban environment is a resource of useful emotions and positive services that complete significant immaterial and non-consumptive human requests.

Singaporean Journal of Business , Economics and Management Studies, 2014

The man purpose of this study is emphasizing on the necessity of attention to choose (select) an appropriate model in making parks and use of identic styles with climatic and social conditions of city in order to impact on improvement of the environment, increasing the efficiency of parks, and creating playgrounds comply with citizen's taste. In this study the researcher first, processed information about theoretical studies of the research question and also collection of data. The data collection was done in three ways. (A) Gathering library information and use of archives, (B) Data collection and statistics that have been conducted with referring to agencies and related organizations and (C) Data collection was done by using questionnaires, interview with the relevant authorities and executive agencies, and using of tables and graphs. According to the results of the poll, the majority of users were in favor the creating parks with Iranian garden criteria, in Semnan city, and interesting to note that the highest degree of consensus about water elements and vegetation was based on this pattern. In evaluation of parks according to the other criteria such as structure, Suitable prospect, and architecture of the park showed very little correspondence with this pattern. It can be concluded that the dominant pattern in Semnan city parks had very little correspondence with the interests and views of users as well as the consistent patterns with natural conditions and climate.

North Nazimabad Town, which is part of the erstwhile planned national capital city, still exhibits reminiscences of planning. However, Karachi now having the status of a mega city with explosive population is facing serious pressure on its infrastructure and suprastructure inclusive of open green spaces. The problem at hand, however, is the increasing awareness of the advantages of open green spaces not only among the educated urbanites but also the not so-educated neo-urbanites. Of equal significance is the fact that in the post modern era when the developed world is highly concerned about environmental issues and the concept of Urban Forestry is gaining popularity, our backward stance in this regard is especially alarming. The present work being a pioneering academic effort in this field in Pakistan is meant to focus on the urgent environmental issue hence will facilitate planners, politicians and environmentalists by providing information of the contrast between postmodern values and existing conditions in areas of Third World countries. W e should put our open green spaces in order before the dawn of any major catastrophe. Classification and standardization of parks of North Nazimabad Town shows that they can be classified on the basis of the criteria of size and some local level indicators but they fall short of international standards on some important parameters e.g. radius of service area, minimum accessibility from residential area, character and extent of development and maintenance etc. By a stretch of parameters consistent to our part of the world a classification and standardization has been put forward. However, the alarming conditions of our urban green spaces are a cause for much concern especially in view of the mounting environmental awareness among the masses even in third world countries which demands urgent improvement both in the quality and quantity of parks and open green spaces.

Journal of architectural research and development, 2019

The objective of this study is to define park design standards, determine the user expectations of the parks and evaluate the defined standards in the case of Taraqi Park in Herat city. On-site detection, observation and questionnaire survey methods were utilized in the study. The conformity of the park area with international standards were evaluated while general satisfaction towards the park was tried to be determined by virtue of surveys made with the users of the park. The results revealed that the current status of the park was poor, design and management of the park needs urgent improvements. Taraqi Park is the most visited park of the city in which the overall design of the park, facilities, management and maintenance systems are observed inadequate according to standards, rules and regulations of urban parks.

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), 2022

This Most humans have a need to connect with nature. Being in nature, or even viewing scenes of nature, reduces anger, fear, and stress and increases pleasant feelings. The presence of green space is particularly necessary in areas where people are more divorced from natural ecosystems, such as cities. Today, a significant part of urban green space is created in the parks. City parks contribute to a higher quality of life by offering both social and psychological benefits. As the urbanization is a growing challenge in the world today with every society battling its consequences therefore high energy consumption, poor air and water quality, insufficient water availability is exacerbated by the increasing population density and demands of urban environments. To face these problems of urban areas, Sustainable development is a widely accepted strategic framework in city planning and city parks play an important role in it. In addition, they have a crucial role in improving the environment and landscape conditions that result in green spaces which have become an essential part of cities due to their strategic importance for the quality of life. Although the lack of an appropriate design and mismanagement system has resulted in an unpleasant quality of the environment and a decrease in the number of urban parks. The objective of this paper is to analyse and understand the benefits of urban parks and the significant need towards improve these spaces to develop the city and achieve sustainability. The paper will also focus on some design strategies of urban parks to improve and enhance the quality of life in order to reach a sustainable development. The study is mainly a literature-based study but both the qualitative and quantitative data are used wherever necessary. The Ramna Park, Dhaka has been selected for this analysis. Primary data was collected from field visit and observation and Interview. International Case study has been analysing to generate sustainable parameters. The analysis confirms that suitable design and management of urban parks, are the most important factor for achieving sustainable development and it also plays a substantial role to enhance the quality of life of citizens. Therefore, some design strategies have recommended generating the park suitable for people's needs and contribute the sustainability. The outcome of the study is expected to make the authorities and people aware of the importance of the urban park and they have specific responsibilities to protect and maintain this area. It will also raise awareness on the settlement of sustainable urban development among architects & planners. IndexTerms-Urban park, Sustainable development, quality of life, design strategies ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION Urbanization and urban development are considered one of the most important phenomena of recent times (Hesamiyan, 1998). Most of the cities are getting congested. Green spaces like urban parks are getting diminishing due to rapid unplanned urbanization. In case of Dhaka city which is also known as densely populated urban areas in the world where urban parks are fewer than what it needs. Only Ramna and Chandrima Uddyan can be considered as big park where people can go. According to experts, a city needs to devote 25 per cent of its area for greeneries and parks. But the Dhaka city has less than 10 per cent. There are about 54 registered parks under Dhaka City Corporation (DCC). But these parks make up only an average of 14.5% of the total land area (17% in north and central part and 12% in old town) where as any city requires 25% for fresh environment and to maintain a sustainable land ecosystem. At present the local planning experts recommend that there should be at least 1 acre of

CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, 2020

Environment is everything that is around. It can be living or non-living things. It includes physical, chemicals and other natural forces. Living things live in their environment. They constantly interact with it and change in response to conditions in their environment. We have seen green patches turning into a dessert, rivers submerge the areas, increased alkaline in the water levels and make loose the species like a pack of cards. If experts are to be believed, then we are losing between 10,000 and 100,000 species each year or are getting extinct each year. So we need to do thinking how and why should environment be saved. In cities we need environment more vehemently than any other part of the inhabitation. This paper examines the need for parks in a metro city. It compares two parks of two famous cities of the world. The cities of the 20 th Century are conurbation of region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area. In most cases, a conurbation is a polycentric urbanised area, in which transportation has developed to link areas to create a single urban labour market or travel to work area. Therefore with such heavy population its essential for people to have a place to rejuvenate for leading a healthy life. We need to have a place which would absorb the unhealthy elements like suspended carbon particle, carbon mono oxide and smog.

Rajapaksha.U, et al (eds), 2017, “Design that cares”- multi disciplinary approaches to creating sustainable and meaningful built environment: Proceedings of the 10thInternational Conference of Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017

Urban parks, the key domain of sustainability of the community, integrate social, economic and ecological benefits. Current research are consistently concerned in planning for sustainable and resilient cities through preserving urban green areas are mainly concerned with a large, bio-diverse and relatively endangered ecosystem. While such efforts act as benchmarks for assessing progress towards sustainability and resilience goals, obviously much less attention is being paid to that type of small-scale green areas more specifically urban parks in cities and their benefits to societies. Thus, the extension of these benefits whether or not is equitably distributed across diverse urban populations in cities is a remarkable quarry in urban design policies and practices, especially in developing nations. This research, therefore, aims to analyze of conventional urban design practice on sustainability, more specifically on ecosystem services. Since ecosystem services are vary geographically, the policies even under national guidelines, need to be localized to appreciate the strength of local ecology. Hence, first, this paper develops a theoretical framework of a sustainable urban park with arguing that beyond biodiversity and socio-economic status, urban parks can also inform urban planning policy and practices to promote sustainable urbanism through practices of urban form. Second, it assesses sustainability of urban parks to compare similar urban parks in two different topographies like biodiversity with varied ecosystem services. This qualitative research adopts deductive approach and case study method to evaluate and compare the planning policies of such two parks in two different cities in Bangladesh. Thus, Hadis Park in industrial city Khulna and Biplob Uddan in coastal seaport city Chittagong respectively have taken from two different ecological viewpoints. Multi methodological approaches, including questionnaire survey, interviews with academics and professionals, observation and document policies of the urban park in terms of ecological and planning viewpoints, have been accompanied. Findings reveal that urban park planning policies in both cities mostly focus on generating social and economic activities only relatively for short-term basis rather than on promoting ecological sustainability and biodiversity for long-term maximization. The study, therefore, concludes that traditional urban design practices merely motivated, or supportive to provide sustainable urban park design policies by municipalities and professionals. Further, multi-disciplinary efforts including ecology, landscape architecture, urban planning and urban design simultaneously well informed by locals are essential to assess and develop ecologically sensitive urban design and planning policies.

Environment, Development and Sustainability

This study evaluates the green space ecological quality with regard to its spatial properties. It investigates how the spatial properties of green space patches affect ecological aspects of municipal green spaces of Mashhad in Iran. The importance and necessity of this investigation is to develop a concept to evaluate the quality of urban green patches based on the perspective and method of landscape ecology. In accordance with our objectives, the quality concept is defined by quantitative (size, area, density) and qualitative (shape, complexity, connectivity) factors as referred to spatial configuration and composition of landscape structure. However, to have a better understanding of the quality concept, we explored the relationship between landscape variables and ecological quality by spatial analysis and correlation tests. We (1) drew the urban green space map by images processing, (2) quantified landscape metrics for the green space patches, (3) analyzed and represented the metric value spatially, (4) calculated ecological quality and drew the grade map, (5) measured the Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression between ecological quality and each landscape metric. Results of this study provided the evidence to study ecological quality by integrating metrics map and analyzing spatial heterogeneity in Mashhad city. Results showed that the extent and continuity of the green spaces were too low to effectively support some key ecological services. Additionally, the Pearson's correlation coefficients and linear regression revealed strong relationships between ecological quality and most landscape metrics except LSI. Although it was expected that the qualitative variables of green space had higher influence on the ecological quality, quantitative variables had the highest effect due to the origin and nature of the green patches.

2019

The objective of this study is to define park design standards, determine the user expectations of the parks and evaluate the defined standards in the case of Taraqi Park in Herat city. On-site detection, observation and survey methods were utilized in the study. The conformity of the park area with international standards was evaluated while general satisfaction as to the park was tried to be determined by virtue of surveys made with the users of the park.

Sustainability, 2021

The impacts of problems related to dense, unplanned, and irregular urbanization on the natural environment, urban areas, and humankind have been discussed in many disciplines for decades. Because of the circular relationship between humans and their environment, human health and psychology have become both agents and patients in interactions with nature. The field of ecopsychology investigates within this reciprocal context the relationship between human psychology and ecological issues and the roles of human psychology and society in environmental problems based on deteriorated nature–human relationships in urbanized areas. This approach has given rise to ecotherapy, which takes a systemic approach to repairing this disturbed nature–human relationship. This study aims to uncover the relationship between the physical attributes of urban green areas and their potential for providing ecotherapy service to users, first by determining the characteristics of ecotherapeutic urban space and urban green areas given in studies in the ecopsychology and ecotherapy literature, and then by conducting a case study in two urban parks from the Beylikdüzü District of the Istanbul Metropolitan Area. The impacts of these parks’ changing physical characteristics on user experiences are determined through a comparison of their physical attributes and the user experiences related to their ecotherapy services.