Electrical Energy Generation by using Pendulum Motion

Applied sciences, 2024

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

This article explores the application of electromagnets in energy harvesting via a variablelength pendulum system. Harnessing the principles of electromagnetism, the study investigates the efficiency and feasibility of utilizing electromagnetic forces to extract energy from the motion of a pendulum with variable length, employing sinusoidal excitation as a means for vibrating machinery. This approach enables a more significant number of oscillations, consequently leading to a higher power output. The research investigates various aspects, including the design, implementation, and performance analysis of the electromagnet-based energy harvesting system. Through theoretical modeling, the article provides insights into the potential of electromagnets to generate sustainable energy from oscillatory motion. The findings show that up to 0.25W can be generated, providing power for small devices such as phone chargers and sensor units. The findings contribute to advancing renewable energy technologies and offer promising avenues for developing efficient and environmentally friendly energy harvesting mechanisms.

Vibration energy harvesting for low frequency using auto-tuning parametric rolling pendulum under exogenous multi-frequency excitations, 2020

• The authors present a novel auto-tuning vibration energy harvester in order to extract the energy from two-frequency vibration. • A cam is designed to create multi (two)-frequency vibration. • The proposed vibration energy harvester uses two rolling pendulum mechanisms. • The resonance frequency of each rolling pendulum can be adjusted by geometrical tenability, adjusting the position of the sliding blocks, for matching the frequency of excitation • The resonance frequencies of both rolling pendulum are successfully tuned when the angular velocity of the cam is in the range of 1.149 to 1.236 Hz An electromagnetic parametrically excited rolling pendulum energy harvester with self-tuning mechanisms subject to multi-frequency excitation is proposed and investigated in this paper. The system consists of two uncoupled rolling pendulum. The resonance frequency of each the rolling pendulum can be automatically tuned by adjusting its geometric parameters to access parametric resonance. This harvester can be used to harvest the energy at low frequency. A prototype is developed and evaluated. Its mathematical model is derived. A cam with rolling follower mechanism is employed to generate multi-frequency excitation. An experimental study is conducted to validate the proposed concept. The experimental results are confirmed by the numerical results. The harvester is successfully tuned when the angular velocity of the cam is changed from 1.149 to 1.236 Hz. The concept of vibration energy harvesting using a planar pendulum excited by vertical motion of its support has attracted considerable attention from several researchers. When the external excitation frequency is equal to twice the resonance frequency of the pendulum, a parametric resonance occurs which makes the amplitude of the pendulum grow exponentially to infinity otherwise be limited by physical constraints. Friction is unable to saturate this growth, which is contrary to the normal resonance caused by a direct periodic external force. Thus, maximum power output is achieved when resonance frequency of the harvesters match one half of the frequencies of external excita-tion. However, when the external exciting frequency varies, the resonance frequency does not match the exciting frequency, the output power drops significantly. Thus, to maintain the maximum level of output power, an auto-tuning of resonance frequency of the energy harvester is necessary. The use of parametrically excited pendulum for energy extraction was firstly proposed by Wiercigroch [1]. The proposed energy harvester consists of a pendulum attached to a floating moored device that transforms vertical motion of the floating structure into rotational motion of the pendulum. Najdecka et al.

2016

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IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science, 2010

   This article deals with a research activity to design and to build a vibration energy harvesting (VEH) mechanism based on an electromagnetic method, where the energy source is from translational-harmonic vibration. In the developed VEH mechanism, a magnetic mass moves linearly back and forth within an electrical coil made from conductive-wire windings. In accordance to oscillating mass motion of a particular amplitude and frequency, the voltage which can be harvested is then measured and analyzed. The choice of an electromagnetic method stemmed from the availability of materials to construct the VEH mechanism. In the VEH mechanism, a mass size, a wire diameter and material, a coil length, and a vibration amplitude and frequency were considered constant, while the number of wire turns was varied. The constructed VEH was tested for 1

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2010

This study designed a well-weighted pendulum to harvest energy from a rotating wheel, which consisted of a pendulum and one or more weights. In general, a pendulum cannot oscillate with a large angle at any wheel speed. In this study, three well-designed weights helped the pendulum to adjust its natural frequency to meet the wheel rotation frequency. Therefore, the well-weighted pendulum is able to oscillate at various wheel speeds with a large angle and a high velocity. The kinetic energy produced was converted into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction, and a numerical study revealed that the well-weighted pendulum generated a power of several milli-Watts. The numerical results obtained using the analytical model of the well-weighted pendulum were in good agreement with the experimental results. The swing angle of the weighted pendulum was close to 43 • at a wheel rotation speed of 350 rpm, 8 times that of the ill-weighted pendulum, verifying that the well-weighted pendulum oscillated at larger angles.

IRJET, 2020

Energy requirement of the world is increasing day by day for the reason that of utilization of energy at a generously proportioned size with the population enlargement. This paper is about generating power by using a move backwards and forwards in such a way that when it swings the mechanical energy is generated and it is converted into electrical energy by pendulum and is stored in a battery. The manufacture is such a way that, the swinging action makes the horizontal beam rotating through an angle. This paper explains the effect of creating the free energy in the device made of: a) Oscillating pendulum-lever system. b) System for initiating and maintaining the oscillation of the pendulum c) System which uses the energy of the device by damping the oscillation of the lever. Serbian inventor has invented, patented and developed series of such machines based on two-stage oscillator for producing energy. The operation of the machine is based on forced oscillation of the pendulum, since the axis of the pendulum affects one of the arms of the two-armed lever by a force which varies periodically. Part of the total oscillation energy of the pendulum-lever system can be changed into work for operating a pump, a press, rotor of an electric generator or some other user system. The effect of creating the free energy is defined in this study as the difference between the energy which is the machine transfers to the user system by the lever and the energy which is input from the environment in order to maintain the oscillation of the pendulum. Appearance of the free energy is not in accordance with the energy conservation law.

2012

This article deals with a research activity to design and to build a vibration energy harvesting (VEH) mechanism based on an electromagnetic method, where the energy source is from translational-harmonic vibration. The idea stemmed from the fact that the energy contained in vibration was mostly wasted, and the choice of an electromagnetic method came from the availability of materials to construct the VEH mechanism. In the resulted VEH mechanism, a magnetic mass moved linearly back and forth within an electrical coil made from conductive wire windings. In the VEH mechanism, a mass size, a number of wire turns, and a wire material were considered constant, while a coil length and a wire diameter were varied. For a particular amplitude and frequency of an oscillating mass motion, the energy which can be harvested was then measured and analyzed. The experiment showed that a shorter coil length and a smaller wire diameter generated a higher voltage. For the coil length of 12 mm using a ...

Applied Sciences

A concept of non-linear electromagnetic system with the rotational magnetic pendulum for energy harvesting from mechanical vibrations was presented. The system was stimulated by vertical excitation coming from a shaker. The main assumption of the system was the montage of additional regulated stationary magnets inside coils creating double potential well, and the system was made with a 3D printing technique in order to avoid a magnetic coupling with the housing. In validation process of the system, modelling of electromagnetic effects in different configurations of magnets positions was performed with the application of a finite element method (FEM) obtaining the value of magnetic force acting on the pendulum. A laboratory measurement circuit was built and an experiment was carried out. The voltage and power outputs were measured for different excitations in range of system operational frequencies found experimentally. The experimental results of the physical system with electrical ...

Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, 2019

This paper deals with energy production from the gravity. Moreover, this paper is also intended to gain the useful and green energy by using gravity effect. In this paper, two-stage mechanical oscillator with gear mechanism, cam mechanisms and dynamo is fabricated to conduct the experiment.The process of this machine is that when the pendulum is applied with the input energy, the pendulum oscillates on the free moveable pivot point and this oscillation effect can move the lever arm to produce the second oscillation motion as same as seesaw arrangement system. Meanwhile, at the other edge of the lever arm, the output can be available as the impact effect. This effect can be used as the output energy to drive the other mechanisms such as hammer, water pump, electric motor, and generator for the useful energy. As the results, the output energy is the maximum (41.2N) at l 1 = 435 mm, m 2 = 8.7 kg, Ø 0 = 60°, m 1 = 3.2kg and l 2 = 610mm for this machine. The significant considerable key points of this machine are mass balancing and friction to gain optimum output energy. As the weak point, the input energy needs to be continuous and the output energy is intermittent. However, compared with the other energy devices, this gravity machine can provide energy at any time and location as the advantages.

E3S Web of Conferences, 2024

We need energy for transportation, homes, and industry. Energy can be obtained from renewable and non-renewable sources. Non-renewable energy sources pollute the air, while renewable energy sources are environment-friendly. Electricity generation from non-convective sources is of great benefit to society. Power generation from solar energy, wind, municipal waste, and energy from one form to another are different types of non-conventional power sources. India is the fourth largest renewable energy country in the world. Recently, the Prime Minister of our country announced the development of renewable energy power plants and advised further exploration of the concept of free energy to strengthen renewable energy entrepreneurs. He also announced incentives from the Opportunity Energy Sector and the Free Energy Centre. concept. Currently, many countries are using technology to develop energy. In this study, we developed a model that converts pressure energy into electricity. Pressure energy is generated by the movement of people and vehicles. This pressure energy is converted into electricity through several engineered paths and systems. This study presents details of the designed system and its working principle. The system we developed works with a lever and gear mechanism and offers a new path to the sustainable development of clean energy harvesting. Walking naturally on a path that gathers energy without disturbing the body is the primary reason for the stability of this engineered system. Keywords: Energy, path, model, technology, environment.

Elsevier , 2019

Harvesting electrical energy from various human motions using piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) is gaining research attention in recent years. The energy harvested could potentially power hand held electronic devices and medical devices without the need of external power source for recharging batteries. In this study, an attempt is made to improve the efficiency of PEH to harvest energy from human motions by adopting a double pendulum system coupled with magnetic force interactions. For the purpose of comparison, three configurations of PEH which includes the conventional PEH with cantilever beam (PEHCB), the PEH with single pendulum system (PEHSP) and the PEH with double pendulum system (PEHDP) are experimentally studied. Excitations by both mechanical shaker and major human body parts during walking and jogging motions are investigated. The performance of each configuration, in terms of voltage and power produced as well as the idle time between each cycle, are analysed, compared and discussed. ANSYS© software is used to analyse the proposed model and MAT-LAB© software is used to calculate the output power. The results demonstrate that, with the use of the proposed double pendulum system, multiple impacts in each motion cycle is generated, thus producing higher voltage and power as compared to the conventional PEHCB. The idle time between each motion cycle is also effectively reduced. The efficiency of the PEH is thus significantly increased.

Green Energy and Technology, 2016

Ambient energy can in many situations not only augment battery life in autonomous devices, but enable the whole functionality of such devices. Harvesting of ambient energy in any available form is hence very desirable. From available sources of ambient energy, solar and vibration energy are now prevalent forms of harvested energy. Several transduction mechanisms exist for transformation of mechanical energy of ambient vibrations into electric energy. Electromagnetic Transduction seems to be proper mechanism for harsh conditions thanks to its simplicity and robustness. There are many issues though, that need to be worked out yet. This paper proposes basic overview of ambient energy sources, describtion of vibration energy harvesting mechanisms and identifies common limitations in designs of electromagnetic vibration energy generators.

Microsystem Technologies, 2011

This study presents a synthesis of a new energy harvest system that consists of a hula-hoop transformer, a micro-generator and an interface energy harvest circuit. The hula-hoop transformer mainly comprises a main mass sprung in one translational direction and a free-moving mass attached at one end of a rod, the other end of which is hinged onto the main mass. The transformer is capable of transforming linear reciprocating motions to rotary ones based on the concepts similar to the hula hoop motions. The transformer is subsequently integrated with a miniaturized rotary generator in size of 10 9 10 9 2 mm 3 and its compact energy harvest circuit chip. The designed generator consists of patterned planar copper coils and a multi-polar hard magnet ring made of NdFeB. The genetic algorithm (GA) is next applied to optimize the critical dimensions of the miniaturized generator. The optimized generator offers 4.5 volt and 7.23 mW in rms at 10,000 rpm. With microgenerator successfully fabricated, a novel energy harvest circuit employing a new dual phase charge pump, power management circuit, a low dropout regulator and battery charger is designed and fabricated via the 0.35 lm process. This charge pump circuit owns the merit of automatic conversion of low-power AC signals by the micro-generator to DC ones. Experiments were conducted to show the favorable performance of the proposed energy harvest system. This is the first work that invents a motion transformer from ubiquitous reciprocating to rotational motions. In this way, higher-efficient energy conversion via compact-sized rotational electromagnetic generators can be realized as opposed to popular piezoelectric structures.