From the collections of an old Babylonian literary connoisseur

This volume contains editions of literary fragments from the Middle Babylonian period (ca. 1500–1000 BCE) kept in the Hilprecht-Collection in Jena. Presented in full are The Epic of Gulkišar (HS 1885+), a Mythological Narrative on Pa(p)nigara (HS 1886), a Ceremony in the Ekur (HS 1902), and the Games Text (HS 1893), with introductions, transliterations, translations, philological commentaries, hand copies and photographs. All texts are of special interest; The Epic of Gulkišar is a Middle Babylonian copy narrating the heroic deeds of its eponymous Sealand I king against Samsuditana, the last king of the First Dynasty of Babylon, the Mythological Narrative on Pa(p)nigara portrays the otherwise poorly known deity Pa(p)nigara, the Ceremony in the Ekur tells us of an hitherto unknown ceremony carried out at the Ekur temple in Nippur, and the Games Text is unique in the fact that it enumerates a great variety of children’s games set in daily life Babylon.

Please note: This is the corrected version, reposted online on October 15, 2018. It replaces the printed version and corrects several editorial mistakes.

KASKAL, 2017

Modern Economics and the Ancient World Were the Ancients Rational Actors?, 2023

Law 108 from the collection of the Old Babylonian king Hammurabi of Babylon (1792–1750 BC) portrays a woman beer merchant (sābītum) as an egoistic rational actor with a strong profit motivation, contravening established exchange conventions and cheating her customers, for which she is condemned to death. To an extent, the merchant’s actions and the development of the legal tradition may both be analysed using rational actor theory as drawn from modern western economic tradition. However, the law touches on issues that have been at the heart of debates regarding the applicability of modern economic theories to ancient socie- ties, including the nature of markets, growth, and profit motivations in the context of ancient modes of production and exchange. This study seeks to understand the formulation of Law 108 from multiple perspectives by tracing the history of the fe- male beer merchant in light of Babylonian legal, literary, and economic traditions. The cuneiform record reveals a scribal establishment alongside temple and palace institutions interested in the concept of profit and at the same time actively seeking to define its appropriate limits in relation to other social values. In the development of Hammurabi’s law collection and other cuneiform traditions, different sectors of society face different choices and are weighed unequally in benefit calculations in- cluding access to wealth. Old Babylonian female entrepreneurs may have suffered disproportionately from institutional anxieties regarding shifting relationships be- tween temple and palace industry and private mercantile activity, while the sābītum on occasion served as a symbol for inappropriate pursuit of profit.

Middle and Neo-Babylonian Literary Texts in the Frau Professor Hilprecht Collection, 2022

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NABU, 2021

(JAPAN) 41) Miscellaneous notes on the Middle Babylonian documents-Previously, the Middle Babyloniann aklu documents were treated in my dissertation (Murai 2018). My further considerations, remarks less relevant to the main theme of my dissertation, I am including herein. 1)

Five issues pertaining to the history of Babylonia in the Chaldean and early Achaemenid periods (the so-called "long 6th century BCE") are discussed below. The first two concern the connections of Babylonia with the West, viz. the Levant and Egypt. It is argued here that Adad of Hallab, who was worshipped in Borsippa, refers to the storm deity of Aleppo, and not to a deity of a small north Babylonian settlement as was suspected earlier. The subsequent section discusses the incorporation of the Egyptian prisoners of war in the workforce of the Babylonian . = son; w. = witness; wi. = wife. Images of the tablets are found on the web: CBS = http://cdli.ucla.edu, museum no. in Alphabets, Texts and Artifacts; Studies Presented to Benjamin Sass temples. They were organized in decuries like the indigenous and other workmen. The third section is another step in my pursuit of the ever-increasing material concerning the Chaldeo-Arameans. They emerged as a significant population group in Babylonia during the first millennium BCE alongside the long-established Babylonian urbanites. The penultimate section is about a new chief administrator of Esaggila, the temple of the capital of Babylon, and an unknown stage in the career of the future king Neriglissar. The last section contains information about prices of several items.

2020

ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ASSYRIOLOGIE UND VORDERASIATISCHE ARCHÄOLOGIE, 2019

Publication and edition of two tablets from the library in the Ebabbar Temple of Sippar, a manuscript of the ‘Babylonian Poem of the Righteous Sufferer’ (Ludlul bēl nēmeqi) Tablet III, and a manuscript of the long prayer to Marduk ‘Furious Lord’ (also known as ‘Marduk 1’).