Rapid Assessment Report of Buner District, NWFP, Pakistan

analysis of preventive measures of local government to minimize vulnerability of poor households from high risk zones, is a presentation of my original research work. I declare that it has not been submitted by me or anyone else for a degree at this or any other university.

2011

The purpose of this case study is to explore livelihood trajectories in the context of manmade and natural disasters in three villages of Swat district, Pakistan. These three villages were deeply affected by an armed conflict between the Taliban and Pakistan Army from 2006 to 2009 separately by floods in 2010. This research is based on indepth qualitative analysis of 24 households to trace out the changes in household welfare and livelihood security aftermath of armed conflict and floods. The case evidence shows that majority of the households were facing declining livelihood security. Out of 24, only 7 households were found to cope with the crises while the remaining 17 were declining. The factors which enable coping households to maintain their livelihood security are international remittances, wealth, more male worker, government jobs and political connections. The factors which lead to the decline of majority of case households includes low or lack of livelihood diversification, human losses and injuries/illness especially the male worker, loss or sale of livestock. The most prominent responses induced by both the crises were internal as well as external migration for work. The medium and poor households were further pushed into more vulnerable conditions

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL, 2017

Regions affected by conflict and violence become difficult locations for undertaking routine management and rebuilding. However conditions often arise where input from various stakeholders for relief, rehabilitation and institutional re-vamping become unavoidable. Research and experiences from different contexts inform that outcomes of such interventions have varied results due to unpredictability of contextual conditions, approaches and methodologies adopted for planning and implementations, capacity of personnel involved, available resources and interests of concerned institutions. Awaran district in Balochistan has been impacted by conflict and violence for many years. The impoverished region, apart from social and political turbulence, is recovering from a devastating earthquake that struck the district in September 2013. This paper examines two development interventions in the region; one undertaken by the district administration to streamline the development work through a state sponsored housing reconstruction project and the other by Urban Resource Centre (URC) in collaboration with local communities. Field research for this paper was done during 2014-2015 and comprised review of records, informal discussions with government staff, military officers, community members and working staff of NGOs in the area. After analysing the key findings of these two initiatives, it was found that government sponsored housing reconstruction projects experienced limited success due to usual bureaucratic hurdles and political uncertainties. The community led initiatives were more effective, simple and easy to apply.

18th Academic Sessions and 17th Vice Chancellor’s Awards, University of RuhunaAt: Matara, Sri Lanka, 2021

A disaster is the occurrence of an extreme hazard event that impacts on vulnerable communities causing substantial damage, disruption and possible casualties, and leaving the affected communities unable to function normally without outside assistance. In Sri Lankan context Flood and landslide are caused to significant impact in the community who are living the hazard prone areas. According to DS division reports has shown few of GN Divisions of Bulathsinhala DSD are vulnerable to the disasters. The main objective is to assess of success and failures of the resettlement project in “Ossington estate”. Primary data were collected through the Semi-structured interviews, questionnaire survey and field observation. Gramanildari Reports and reliable research papers were selected as a secondary data source. Data were analyzed using mixed method. According to the results 100 households have been constructed since 2018 but 85 families are recently living this estate because they haven’t any income sources within the new area yet because they had to leave their previous villages. Their income sources are basically dependent on the primary activities due to that their income sources are lost. That is caused to bring the negative consequences and have developed the different type of social problems within the household. Householders (95%) were not satisfied about the new settlement because they were not able to lead their livelihood with limited space within the 10 perches. Major disturbance of the resettlement project hasn’t proper mechanism for distributing drinking water sources within the estate due to this matter community are facing great difficulties and they have to spend an extra income for buying the water and there is no proper mechanism to distribute the postal letters within the village. Already they have categorized as disaster vulnerable people although, recent situation isn’t change as well community are socially isolated yet because there are no harmony and cooperation because all of them are coming from different GN divisions and they are leading their lives as differently. Even though have established resettlement project for community wellbeing have arisen different significant issues. Therefore, government or any responsible agencies should pay their attention to build up the living states of the community. Keywords:. Disturbances, Hazard, Resettlement, Social issues, Vulnerabl community

Housing is one of the very essential needs of humanity. With the alarming global growth rate in post-conflict zones, it is thus very important to consider housing as an important factor that plays a major role in resilience of the inhabitants. Indeed, this concept cannot be totally developed unless a clear picture of the past is not understood and properly outlined in light of current circumstances. This study focuses on conflict as a man-made disaster that has caused different levels of losses, migration, displacement and the eventual resettlement of different groups of people, who are living in the locality of Asagi Maraş /Kato Varosha, a district adjacent to the borderlines of the ghost city of Maraş / Varosha in the city of Gazimagusa / Famagusta. As of today, the area is still battling with the effects of the intervention as it has been cordoned off and left partially abandoned since1974; even if housing construction has become a very important sector in other districts and cities in the island for the economy of the northern land. This study thus tries to understand the factors, which pose as internal problems served by inhabitants for recovery in the study area to understand the mechanisms for conflict mitigation. Therefore, resilience in this study is seen as involving the community, their housing environment and economic sustainability in order to improve the quality of life of the different groups of resettled inhabitants. Analysis of the standard of living is undertaken and presented as different layers of information from the users, understanding of the situation, needs and comments obtained from past housing situation, present phenomena and their future implications. With all the pros and cons tackled, this paper suggests active roles that the local institutional bodies could play in rebuilding a community and boosting its characteristics to withstand adverse future occurrences. Keywords: Adaptation, Housing, Post-Conflict, Resettlement, Resilience.

Center for Migration Studies special issues, 1994

2014

Planned and involuntary resettlement after natural disasters has been a major policy in post-disaster reconstruction in developing countries over the past few decades. Studies show that resettlement can result in significant adverse impacts on the resettled population. Conversely, a well-planned and managed resettlement process can produce positive long-term development out-comes. This article presents the results of a case study undertaken 11 years after the 1990 Manjil earthquake in Iran. During the reconstruction period, a policy of involuntary planned resettlement was pursued extensively. The socio-economic changes that occurred as a consequence of this policy of involuntary resettlement are analysed. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey that involved a sample of 194 relocated households (grouped into a settlement that later became a town). The paper shows that relocated families face difficult socio-economic challenges after relocation and regrouping. This is especial...

2005

2021

International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 2021

This study investigated the impact of floods on the socioeconomic status of livelihoods for the people of Afghanistan's Paktia province and the livelihoods of those who live there. The research team used both quantitative and qualitative approaches in their work. Discussions were held with key stakeholders at the provincial and community levels, as well as with randomly selected households, as part of the study. The information was gathered through the use of quantitative Household Questionnaires and qualitative Key Informant Interviews. People's socioeconomic livelihoods and critical aspects such as agriculture, health, education, housing, water and sanitation, and property were found to have been negatively impacted by floods according to the findings of the study. As a result, any negative impact on livelihood would result in lower household incomes and lower purchasing power for households. In Paktia, as in many other parts of Afghanistan, there has been extensive deforestation. In recent years, devastating floods have resulted as a result of this. The following are the most important recommendations made: • Since communities have expressed a desire to relocate permanently to higher ground, the government and key stakeholders should engage them in the process of relocating permanently to higher ground. Their relocation should be accompanied by the provision of all necessary social amenities, such as schools, hospitals, infrastructure, water, and agricultural support, for a period of three (3) years to allow the households to settle in the new location. It should also be taken in the newly established settlement area. • A deliberate policy should be implemented to compel communities, particularly in rural areas, to construct houses out of durable materials and away from flood-prone areas, which would be beneficial. • Communities should be encouraged to expand the area under cultivation on upland land in order to improve food security and household income. • Both non-flooding and flood-prone areas should be clearly delineated by the appropriate authorities. During floods, the non-flooding areas can be used as a makeshift temporary shelter for the settlements. • Construction of dams should be considered as a means of capturing the surplus water. This could be used to irrigate the garden. • Consideration should be given to the construction of canals into the main Kurrama River.